CN106304331A - A kind of WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method - Google Patents
A kind of WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106304331A CN106304331A CN201610695797.0A CN201610695797A CN106304331A CN 106304331 A CN106304331 A CN 106304331A CN 201610695797 A CN201610695797 A CN 201610695797A CN 106304331 A CN106304331 A CN 106304331A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0252—Radio frequency fingerprinting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method, comprise the following steps: processed offline step, including: (11), region, delimitation location, set up the location fingerprint storehouse LFDB:(12 of described L sampled point), described location fingerprint storehouse LFDB is carried out k mean cluster, using Euclidean distance as the interpretational criteria of similarity, fingerprint base is divided into the fingerprint base with k subclass;Tuning on-line step, including: (21), calculating actual measurement fingerprint and the distance at each class center, it is designated as;(22), find the class corresponding to minima in DIS, be designated as;(23), calculate actual measurement fingerprint with in the distance of each fingerprint;(24), selected reference fingerprint;(25) weight coefficient of each reference fingerprint, is calculated;(26) position coordinates of actual measurement fingerprint, is calculated.The RSSI value of off-line data sample phase collection is clustered by this method k mean algorithm, reduces the amount of calculation of fingerprint matching process;In the tuning on-line stage, employ the method processed of dividing and ruling, reduce position error.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of localization method, specifically, relate to a kind of WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method.
Background technology
For the research of indoor locating system, had typical indoor locating system such as RADAT system, HORUS system,
LANDMARC system etc..RADAR indoor locating system is based on RSSI (Received Signal Strength
Indication) method of indoor propagation model, by the dependency of sampled point in analysis room Yu RSSI, introduces what wall brought
Decay, and estimate decay factor by the method for linear regression, it is used for compensating indoor propagation loss model.Compensated by this
Model, calculates the angle between RSSI receptor and emitter, orients the position of receptor in conjunction with triangle polyester fibre algorithm.
HORUS wireless location system, including sub-clustering module, discrete space estimation module, relevant and processing module, continuously sky
Between estimator.HORUS system has the positioning precision higher than RADAR system, but owing to structure is complicated, processing module is more,
The computation complexity of alignment system is bigger.
LANDMARC alignment system is dynamic positioning identification system based on active RFID verification, and it uses location with reference to mark
Signing auxiliary positioning, these reference label serve as the location reference point of system.
Current WiFi fingerprinting localization algorithm has two megastages, Database and positioning stage.In position estimation procedure
In, the nearest neighbor algorithm currently used, using fingerprint maximum to actual measurement fingerprint and similarity in fingerprint base as positioning result, algorithm
Fairly simple, but owing to the position of reference is single, do not get rid of the interference of outlier, there is a lot of noises, can be to position
The coupling of fingerprint causes maximum error to affect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve the nearest neighbor algorithm that existing WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning uses, will actual measurement fingerprint and fingerprint base
The fingerprint of middle similarity maximum is as positioning result, and method comparison is simple, but owing to the position of reference is single, does not get rid of nothing
Close the interference of item, there is a lot of noises, the coupling of location fingerprint can be caused the problem that maximum error affects, it is proposed that be a kind of
WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method, can solve the problems referred to above.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method, comprises the following steps:
Processed offline step, including:
(11), delimit region, location, and lay n WiFi discharger, in region, described location in region, location
Interior selected L sampled point, calculates described n the WiFi discharger received by each sampled point and launches intensity RSSI of signal,
N RSSI value (rssi can be observed at each sampled point1,rssi2..., rssin), and this n RSSI value is adopted as this
The fingerprint of sampling point, the position coordinates of sampled point be (x, y), the position one_to_one corresponding of each fingerprint and its sampled point, set up institute
State the location fingerprint storehouse LFDB of L sampled point:
(12), described location fingerprint storehouse LFDB is carried out k-mean cluster, accurate as the evaluation of similarity using Euclidean distance
Then, fingerprint base is divided into the fingerprint base KFp with k subclass, and wherein, n, L, k are positive integer;
Tuning on-line step, including:
(21), will actual measurement fingerprint lf=(rssi1,rssi2,…,rssin) carry out with the fingerprint base KFp after cluster
Join, calculate the distance of lf and each class center, be designated as DIS=[d1,d2,…,dk];
(22), find the class corresponding to minima in DIS, be designated as GSPECIAL;
(23) actual measurement fingerprint lf and G, is calculatedSPECIALIn the distance of each fingerprint, be designated asIts
Middle p represents GSPECIALIn the number of fingerprint, for positive integer;
(24), the data in DIS are arranged according to order from small to large, take front m value, and by described m value correspondence
Fingerprint selected as reference fingerprint, the position coordinates of its correspondence is as reference coordinate;
(25) the weight coefficient ω of each reference fingerprint, is calculatedi(i=1,2 ..., m);
(26), according to weight coefficient and the position coordinates (x of reference coordinate calculating actual measurement fingerprint of each reference fingerprintestimate,
yestimate)。
Further, in step (12), fingerprint base is carried out k-mean cluster and comprises the following steps:
(121), L fingerprint of inputWith cluster number k (0 < k≤L), from
L fingerprint arbitrarily select k fingerprint as initial cluster centre
(122), for remaining L-k fingerprint, each fingerprint distance Distance=to each cluster centre is calculated
{duvU=1,2 ..., (L-k);V=1,2 ..., k}, wherein duvRepresent the u fingerprint to v in remaining L-k fingerprint
The distance of cluster centre, finds the minima in Distance, by right for the minima institute in the u fingerprint classification to Distance
In the cluster answered, obtain new cluster result, remaining fingerprint is assigned, form k cluster G1,G2,…,Gv,…Gk,
Each cluster GvAll comprise its cluster centre, and belong to such fingerprint member and number n thereofv;
(123), recalculate the cluster centre of each class, obtain new cluster centre
(124), new cluster centre is compared with previous cluster centre, if both are identical, the most adjacent twice
Cluster centre is identical, i.e. classification tends towards stability, and cluster terminates, current G1,G2,…,Gv,…GkRepresent the cluster ultimately formed,
Otherwise make C=C*, i.e. update class center, return step (122), continue executing with cluster process.
Further, in step (123), according to formulaRecalculate the cluster of each class
Center, wherein rssiqRepresent GvThe q-th RSSI value of apoplexy due to endogenous wind, wherein, 0 < q < nv。
Further, in step (25), the calculating of weight coefficient is relevant to the fingerprint of fingerprint base, by maximum to similarity
M fingerprint carry out related operation, calculate the percentage contribution of each fingerprint, and this percentage contribution be mapped to the position of correspondence
Information, carries out the estimation of position:
Assume the fingerprint space Fp maximum with actual measurement fingerprint similarity*There is a m fingerprint:
Calculate Fp*In the weight coefficient ω of each fingerprinti, by Fp*Carry out transposition (Tp*)T;Calculate each reference point respectively to refer to
The average of stricture of vagina and standard deviation:
Wherein, i=1,2 ..., m,
OrderThen weight coefficient is
Further, in step (26), the position coordinates of actual measurement fingerprint is:
Wherein, xi, yiReference coordinate for i-th reference fingerprint.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention and good effect are: present invention k-mean algorithm is to off-line data
The RSSI value of sample phase collection clusters, and rejects the RSSI information of Outliers, utilizes and remaining aligns standby RSSI
Set up new fingerprint base, reduce the amount of calculation of fingerprint matching process;In the tuning on-line stage, employ the method processed of dividing and ruling,
Physical location is progressively got rid of, thus reduces the screening amount of data, range shorter will be tested simultaneously.Use actual measurement fingerprint with
The thought of fingerprint base coupling, improves nearest neighbor algorithm, adds signal attenuation model, is weighted data processing, this
Unknown position is being estimated by sample, reduces position error.
After reading in conjunction with the accompanying the detailed description of embodiment of the present invention, the other features and advantages of the invention will become more
Add clear.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
In having technology to describe, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to
Other accompanying drawing is obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment flow chart of WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method proposed by the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Describe, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments wholely.Based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise
Embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one, the present embodiment proposes a kind of WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method, as it is shown in figure 1, include following step
Rapid:
Processed offline step, including:
S11, region, delimitation location, and lay n WiFi discharger, in region, described location in region, location
Selected L sampled point, calculates described n the WiFi discharger received by each sampled point and launches intensity RSSI of signal,
Each sampled point can observe n RSSI value (rssi1,rssi2..., rssin), and using this n RSSI value as this sampling
The fingerprint of point, the position coordinates of sampled point be (x, y), the position one_to_one corresponding of each fingerprint and its sampled point, set up described L
The location fingerprint storehouse LFDB of individual sampled point:
S12, described location fingerprint storehouse LFDB is carried out k-mean cluster, accurate as the evaluation of similarity using Euclidean distance
Then, fingerprint base is divided into the fingerprint base KFp with k subclass, and wherein, n, L, k are positive integer;With k-mean algorithm to data
The RSSI value of off-line sample phase collection clusters, reject Outliers RSSI information, utilize remaining align standby
RSSI sets up new fingerprint base, reduces the amount of calculation of fingerprint matching process;
Tuning on-line step, including:
S21, general actual measurement fingerprint lf=(rssi1,rssi2,…,rssin) mate with the fingerprint base KFp after cluster,
Calculate the distance of lf and each class center, be designated as DIS=[d1,d2,…,dk];
S22, find the class corresponding to minima in DIS, be designated as GSPECIAL;
S23, calculating actual measurement fingerprint lf and GSPECIALIn the distance of each fingerprint, be designated asIts
Middle p represents GSPECIALIn the number of fingerprint, for positive integer;
S24, the data in DIS are arranged according to order from small to large, take front m value, and be worth correspondence by described m
Fingerprint is selected as reference fingerprint, and the position coordinates of its correspondence is as reference coordinate;
S25, calculate the weight coefficient ω of each reference fingerprinti(i=1,2 ..., m);
S26, calculate the position coordinates (x of actual measurement fingerprint according to the weight coefficient of each reference fingerprint and reference coordinateestimate,
yestimate)。
In the tuning on-line stage, employ the method processed of dividing and ruling, physical location is progressively got rid of, thus reduces number
According to screening amount, range shorter will be tested simultaneously.The thought using actual measurement fingerprint to mate with fingerprint base, is carried out nearest neighbor algorithm
Improve, add signal attenuation model, be weighted data processing, so unknown position estimated, reducing location
Error.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S12, fingerprint base is carried out k-mean cluster and comprises the following steps:
S121, L fingerprint of inputWith cluster number k (0 < k≤L), from L
Individual fingerprint arbitrarily select k fingerprint as initial cluster centre
S122, for remaining L-k fingerprint, calculate each fingerprint distance Distance=to each cluster centre
{duvU=1,2 ..., (L-k);V=1,2 ..., k}, wherein duvRepresent the u fingerprint to v in remaining L-k fingerprint
The distance of cluster centre, finds the minima in Distance, by right for the minima institute in the u fingerprint classification to Distance
In the cluster answered, obtain new cluster result, remaining fingerprint is assigned, form k cluster G1,G2,…,Gv,…Gk,
Each cluster GvAll comprise its cluster centre, and belong to such fingerprint member and number n thereofv;
S123, recalculate the cluster centre of each class, obtain new cluster centre
S124, new cluster centre is compared with previous cluster centre, if both are identical, the most adjacent twice poly-
Class center is identical, i.e. classification tends towards stability, and cluster terminates, current G1,G2,…,Gv,…GkRepresent the cluster ultimately formed, no
Then make C=C*, i.e. update class center, return step S122, continue executing with cluster process.
In step S123, according to formulaRecalculate the cluster centre of each class, wherein
rssiqRepresent GvThe q-th RSSI value of apoplexy due to endogenous wind, wherein, 0 < q < nv.It is arbitrarily k fingerprint conduct of selection during due to initial calculation
Initial cluster centre, according to Euclidean distance as the interpretational criteria of similarity after calculating is carried out, assembles away from similar fingerprint
A subclass, apart from bigger fingerprint away from each other, the data inside subclass there occurs change, and therefore cluster centre is sent out accordingly
Changing, in order to improve precision, the cluster centre recalculating each class that should adapt.
In step S25, the calculating of weight coefficient is relevant to the fingerprint of fingerprint base, by m the fingerprint maximum to similarity
Carry out related operation, calculate the percentage contribution of each fingerprint, and this percentage contribution is mapped to corresponding positional information, carry out
The estimation of position:
Assume the fingerprint space Fp maximum with actual measurement fingerprint similarity*There is a m fingerprint:
Calculate Fp*In the weight coefficient ω of each fingerprinti, by Fp*Carry out transposition (Tp*)T;Calculate each reference point respectively to refer to
The average of stricture of vagina and standard deviation:
Wherein, i=1,2 ..., m,
OrderThen weight coefficient is
In the application, the selection of weight coefficient is relevant to the fingerprint of fingerprint base, is by k maximum to similarity
Fingerprint carries out the computing being correlated with, and calculates the percentage contribution of each fingerprint, and this percentage contribution is mapped to the position letter of correspondence
Breath, carries out the estimation of position.
In step S26, the position coordinates of actual measurement fingerprint is:
Wherein, xi, yiReference coordinate for i-th reference fingerprint.
Certainly, described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, and this technology is led
Change that the those of ordinary skill in territory is made in the essential scope of the present invention, retrofit, add or replace, also should belong to this
Bright protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. a WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Processed offline step, including:
(11), delimit region, location, and lay n WiFi discharger in region, location, select in region, described location
Determine L sampled point, calculate described n the WiFi discharger received by each sampled point and launch intensity RSSI of signal, often
Individual sampled point can observe n RSSI value (rssi1,rssi2..., rssin), and using this n RSSI value as this sampled point
Fingerprint, the position coordinates of sampled point be (x, y), the position one_to_one corresponding of each fingerprint and its sampled point, set up described L
The location fingerprint storehouse LFDB of sampled point:
(12), described location fingerprint storehouse LFDB is carried out k-mean cluster, using Euclidean distance as the interpretational criteria of similarity, refer to
Stricture of vagina storehouse is divided into the fingerprint base KFp with k subclass, and wherein, n, L, k are positive integer;
Tuning on-line step, including:
(21), will actual measurement fingerprint lf=(rssi1,rssi2,…,rssin) mate with the fingerprint base KFp after cluster, meter
Calculate the distance of lf and each class center, be designated as DIS=[d1,d2,…,dk];
(22), find the class corresponding to minima in DIS, be designated as GSPECIAL;
(23) actual measurement fingerprint lf and G, is calculatedSPECIALIn the distance of each fingerprint, be designated asWherein p table
Show GSPECIALIn the number of fingerprint, for positive integer;
(24), the data in DIS are arranged according to order from small to large, take front m value, and by finger corresponding for described m value
Stricture of vagina is selected as reference fingerprint, and the position coordinates of its correspondence is as reference coordinate;
(25) the weight coefficient ω of each reference fingerprint, is calculatedi(i=1,2 ..., m);
(26), according to weight coefficient and the position coordinates (x of reference coordinate calculating actual measurement fingerprint of each reference fingerprintestimate,
yestimate)。
WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (12), by fingerprint base
Carry out k-mean cluster to comprise the following steps:
(121), L fingerprint of inputWith cluster number k (0 < k≤L), from L
Fingerprint arbitrarily select k fingerprint as initial cluster centre
(122), for remaining L-k fingerprint, each fingerprint distance Distance={d to each cluster centre is calculateduv|u
=1,2 ..., (L-k);V=1,2 ..., k}, wherein duvIn representing that in remaining L-k fingerprint, the u fingerprint to the v clusters
The distance of the heart, finds the minima in Distance, by gathering corresponding to the minima in the u fingerprint classification to Distance
Apoplexy due to endogenous wind, obtains new cluster result, is assigned by remaining fingerprint, forms k cluster G1,G2,…,Gv,…Gk, Mei Geju
Class GvAll comprise its cluster centre, and belong to such fingerprint member and number n thereofv;
(123), recalculate the cluster centre of each class, obtain new cluster centre
(124), new cluster centre is compared with previous cluster centre, if both are identical, the cluster of the most adjacent twice
Center is identical, i.e. classification tends towards stability, and cluster terminates, current G1,G2,…,Gv,…GkRepresent the cluster ultimately formed, otherwise
Make C=C*, i.e. update class center, return step (122), continue executing with cluster process.
WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step (123), according to formulaRecalculate the cluster centre of each class, wherein rssiqRepresent GvThe q-th RSSI value of apoplexy due to endogenous wind,
Wherein, 0 < q < nv。
4. according to the WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that in step (25),
The calculating of weight coefficient is relevant to the fingerprint of fingerprint base, carries out related operation by m the fingerprint maximum to similarity, calculates every
The percentage contribution of individual fingerprint, and this percentage contribution is mapped to the positional information of correspondence, carry out the estimation of position:
Assume the fingerprint space Fp maximum with actual measurement fingerprint similarity*There is a m fingerprint:
Calculate Fp*In the weight coefficient ω of each fingerprinti, by Fp*Carry out transposition (Tp*)T;Calculate each reference point fingerprint respectively
Average and standard deviation:
Wherein, i=1,2 ..., m,
OrderThen weight coefficient is
WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in step (26), surveys fingerprint
Position coordinates be:
Wherein, xi, yiReference coordinate for i-th reference fingerprint.
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CN107302794A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | The method of running fix and navigation is used as by the use of WIFI signal |
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CN108882363A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州大学 | A kind of multi-direction acquisition combines the WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method of cluster |
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CN108566675A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-09-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | WiFi indoor orientation methods based on multiple AP selection |
CN108566675B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-06-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | WiFi indoor positioning method based on multiple access point selection |
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CN108562867B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2020-10-13 | 北京邮电大学 | Fingerprint positioning method and device based on clustering |
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CN110599228A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-20 | 北京智慧图科技有限责任公司 | Shop identification method |
CN108882363A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州大学 | A kind of multi-direction acquisition combines the WiFi fingerprint indoor orientation method of cluster |
CN109121083A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-01 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of indoor orientation method of the fingerprint similarity based on AP sequence |
CN109121083B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-06-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | Indoor positioning method based on fingerprint similarity of AP (Access Point) sequence |
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