CN106303562B - Multi-view point video adaptive transmitted control algorithm based on PI control - Google Patents
Multi-view point video adaptive transmitted control algorithm based on PI control Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/231—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/23406—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving management of server-side video buffer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234309—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by transcoding between formats or standards, e.g. from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 or from Quicktime to Realvideo
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/235—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
- H04N21/2353—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors specifically adapted to content descriptors, e.g. coding, compressing or processing of metadata
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
- H04N21/2401—Monitoring of the client buffer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
- H04N21/26208—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists the scheduling operation being performed under constraints
- H04N21/26216—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists the scheduling operation being performed under constraints involving the channel capacity, e.g. network bandwidth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/647—Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
- H04N21/64723—Monitoring of network processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of network load
- H04N21/64738—Monitoring network characteristics, e.g. bandwidth, congestion level
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of MPEG-DASH multi-view point video adaptive algorithms based on PI control, comprising: enters the initial caching stage: setting PI controller;Calculate estimation handling capacity;Calculate caching;Calculate the offset of caching;The input of system control variables;According to the estimation handling capacity that the output control variable and step 6 of PI controller are calculated, i-th of bit stream video segment selection criteria is exported by control computing unit;Bit stream selection, and objective indicator value is selected in these selected video segments, i.e. the biggish multiple views bit stream video segment of SSIM value is transmitted.The present invention can prevent the problems such as stagnation of video playing caused by cache overflow or low bandwidth availability ratio.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to network multi-view point video Adaptive Transmission fields, are more particularly applied in 3D environment, a kind of
Multi-view point video adaptive transmitted control algorithm based on PI control.
Background technique
With the fast development of internet and each intelligent terminal, people are for multimedia messages such as video, audios
Demand is increasing, in order to solve compatibility between each intelligent terminal and the problems such as suitability, dynamic image expert group
(MPEG) combine with third generation partner program (3GPP) in 2011 and propose the dynamic self-adapting streaming media based on HTTP
(MPEG-DASH) agreement, the agreement define the format of media description file (MPD) and media file.
It based on the streaming media mechanism of HTTP dynamic self-adapting (DASH) transport protocol, is driven by client, regarded
Keep pouring in it is defeated before, same video resource can be divided into different video segments by server, and carry out different bit rates coding, finally
The media description file for being based on binary system extensible markup language (XML) format is generated, it contains the ratio of video segment
The corresponding Video attribute information such as special rate, resolution ratio, time interval.Client is according to current Network status, own hardware
The relevant parameters such as processing capacity and caching uniform resource locator according to provided by media description file (URL) is adaptive
Selection be adapted to current network conditions under video resource applied and downloaded.
However as the development of image and camera work, 3D video is with three-dimensional, true user experience quality is deep by each
The pro-gaze of product operator and researcher.In the next-generation video encoding standard (HEVC) that ITU-T and ISO joint is formulated,
By 3D-HEVC as the extension of HEVC, relative to H264/AVC, HEVC compression scheme efficiency is doubled.In 3D-HEVC
Using multiple views plus depth (MVD) as the compressed format of data, a depth information is encoded for each viewpoint, for describing
Object is with a distance from video camera in photographed scene.Multiple views plus depth video flowing after coding can be sent to client, client
Virtual view can be synthesized by deep image rendering (DIBR) according to depth information, and then complete the reconstruction of 3D video.
Having had at present much can be mainly divided into two classes about the research of 2D-DASH adaptation scheme: based on handling capacity
It is adaptive and adaptive based on caching.In comparison, 3D-DASH adaptation scheme is not mature enough.Current 3D-DASH's
Research is concentrated mainly on influence of the number of views of the format improvement of media description file, transmission to the video quality finally presented
With, transmission number of views adaptive switching.But due to multi-vision-point encoding, in 3D environment, client can be generated
More multiple views bit stream versions with different bit rates.Therefore the adaptation scheme based on 3D-DASH is wanted relative to 2D
Ask more stringent.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is: under wireless network environment, provide it is a kind of by client driving based on
The MPEG-DASH multi-view point video adaptive algorithm of PI control, to meet: under existing wireless network environment, guaranteeing application
Video quality closely follow the variation of network bandwidth, to prevent, video playing caused by cache overflow is stagnated or bandwidth availability ratio is low etc.
Problem;Under limited network bandwidth environments, the video quality of user's application is maximized, to maximize user experience quality;?
When network bandwidth fluctuates, selected video quality is maintained to stablize as far as possible, avoids video quality frequent switching to use
Bring sense tired out in family;Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of MPEG-DASH multi-view point video adaptive algorithm based on PI control, the algorithm use PI controller: will delay
The departure degree relative to target cache is deposited as error feedback signal, multiple views bit stream is dynamically exported by feedback signal
It is sliced selection criteria, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: resource preparation: before multi-view point video carries out Adaptive Transmission, server end carries out multiple views bit stream
Resource preparation, the video flowing that each position capture is arrived carries out independent symmetrical coding, and is regarded at the same time
Frequency slice cutting;
Step 2: media description file generated: being packaged multiple vision point video stream, and by structural similarity index S SIM
As the objective reference frame of setting multiple vision point video stream adaptively switched, the attribute information of multi-view point video is summarized
Produce media description file;
Step 3: media description file pre-download: before video download, client is first filed an application to server, and is downloaded
Media description file understands the code rate resource allocation conditions of server end by parsing media description file;
Step 4: enter the initial caching stage: client is first most much lower to server application viewpoint number and gross bit rate
Multi-view bitstream video segment executes step 5 when the video segment of buffer area reaches predetermined value, starts Adaptive Transmission;
Step 5: the Proportional coefficient K of setting PI controllerpWith integration time constant Ki;
Step 6: calculating estimation handling capacity: according to a upper video segment speed of download, calculating network throughput, and will meter
Obtained network throughput is as the network-evaluated handling capacity T during the downloading of next video segmente(i);
Step 7: calculate caching: according to the gross bit rate of the multiple views bit stream video segment of application, network throughput with
And the caching surplus for being is completed in upper video segment downloading, calculates the caching surplus B after the completion of i-th of video segment downloading
(i);
Step 8: calculating the offset of caching: setting target cache Bopt, the same mesh of caching surplus that step 7 is calculated
Mark caching comparison, and the difference of the two is calculated as current caching offset Boffet:
Boffset=B (i)-Bopt
Step 9: the input of system variable: the caching offset that step 8 is calculated as the input of PI controller, into
Enter the computing unit of PI controller, output control variable u (i):
Step 10: calculating multiple views bit stream and be sliced selection criteria: variable and step are controlled according to the output of PI controller
The rapid 6 estimation handling capacities being calculated export i-th of bit stream video segment selection criteria by control computing unit:
Step 11: selection criteria bit stream selection: being sliced according to the multiple views bit stream that step 10 exportsEach
The video segment of the closest standard of gross bit rate is selected in bit stream, and visitor is selected in these selected video segments
Index value is seen, i.e. the biggish multiple views bit stream video segment of SSIM value is transmitted;
Step 12: video download;According to the done decision of step 11 to the next video segment of server end application, wait, directly
It downloads and completes to this video segment;
Step 13: step 6~12 are repeated, until having downloaded all slices of cost video.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is server system figure of the present invention
Fig. 2 is FTP client FTP figure of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the Adaptive Transmission mechanism based on DASH
Fig. 4 is the adaptive algorithm frame controlled based on PI
Fig. 5 is the logic diagram that the present invention is embodied
Specific implementation method
It is with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, right to keep purpose of the present invention technical solution and advantage clearer
The present invention is further described in detail.
Step 1: before video Adaptive Transmission, server end carries out the resource preparation of multiple views bit stream, such as Fig. 1 service
The system block diagram of device, specific embodiments of the present invention use 3 video cameras with identical parallax range annular array, depending on
Frequency captures, and is encoded with carrying out independent symmetrical using 3D-HEVC standard to the video flowing captured, and each viewpoint is encoded into L
A bit rate playback version (v1,v2,...,vL).Each viewpoint video is cut into N number of view by (8 seconds) at the same time
Frequency is sliced.It is packaged two kinds of bit streams of synthesis: two viewpoint plus depths (2VD) and three viewpoint plus depths (3VD).
Step 2: media description file generated.The multiple views bit stream (2VD, 3VD) obtained according to step 1, by each ratio
Average structure similarity indices (SSIM) value for the virtual view that spy's stream is rendered in client, the switching as multiple views bit stream
Actual experience of the objective basis to be close to the users.Bit rate, number of views, the SSIM that finally server end bit stream is sliced
The attribute informations such as value and URL are aggregated into media description file.
Step 3: media description file pre-download.Adaptive Transmission mechanism such as Fig. 3 based on DASH, client is in advance to clothes
Business device sends HTTP GET request downloads of media and describes file medium description.And server is known by parsing media description file
Hold the attribute informations such as bit rate, number of views, SSIM value and the URL of bit stream.
Step 4: the initial caching stage.The incipient stage is cached, client is serviced according to obtained in from media description file
The attribute information of device end video, to server application the lowest class quality video and the bit stream of viewpoint number minimum (2VD), until
Caching reaches preset value, starts client Adaptive Transmission mechanism.
Step 5: design PI controller.Fig. 4 is the adaptive algorithm frame controlled based on PI.The present invention uses P (ratio)
Controller and I (integral) controller, are arranged the Proportional coefficient K of P controllerpThe integration time constant K of=0.1 and I controlleri=
0.01.Using the departure degree of target cache as error feedback signal.
Step 6: calculating estimation handling capacity.Adaptive customer end as shown in Figure 2, if from application to i-th of video segment
T the time required to downloading is completed applies for that the gross bit rate of video flowing is v, and every section of video segment playing duration is τ, then downloads i-th
Network throughput indicates during video segment are as follows: Ti(i)=v × τ/t.Use the handling capacity as the next video segment of progress
Estimation handling capacity when downloading, i.e. Te(i+1)=Ti(i)。
Step 7: calculating caching.If caching surplus when previous video slice downloading is completed is B (i-1), according to step 6
Obtained t and τ, then current cache calculation are as follows: B (i)=B (i-1)+τ-t
Step 8: calculating the offset B of cachingoffset.B is set by target cacheopt, caching that step 7 is calculated
Surplus is the same as target cache BoptComparison, and the difference of the two is calculated as caching offset Boffset=B (i)-Bopt。
Step 9: the input of system variable.The caching offset B that step 8 is calculatedoffsetAs the defeated of PI controller
Enter, into the computing unit of PI controller.PI controller output control variable u (i):
Step 10: calculating multiple views bit stream and be sliced selection criteriaIt is exported by PI controller and step 6 calculates
Obtained estimation handling capacity Te, control computing unit calculating multiple views bit stream slice selection criteria
Step 11: bit stream selection.Selection criteria is sliced according to the bit stream that step 10 exports firstRespectively in 2VD
Select gross bit rate closest in (two viewpoint plus depths) and 3VD (three viewpoint plus depths) both bit streamsVideo cut
Then piece selects the biggish video segment of SSIM value to be transmitted in two bit streams.
Step 12: video download.According to the selected video segment of step 11, by provided by media description file
URL downloads the video segment to server application, waits until that video segment downloading is completed.
Step 13: step 6~12 are repeated, until having downloaded all slices of cost video.Fig. 5 present invention is embodied
Logic diagram.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, shows following advantages:
(1) influence cached for user is fully taken into account in 3D-DASH application, and then ensure that client will not go out
The overflow and underflow now cached.
(2) the higher multi-view point video of quality is provided a user, and guarantees video switching more smooth steady, improves user
Quality of experience.
(3) PI control is applied in 3D environment, can preferably guarantees that the buffered video of the user under 3D environment can be with
Stablize in a safety value, while guaranteeing to utilize bandwidth to the greatest extent.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of MPEG-DASH multi-view point video adaptive algorithm based on PI control, the algorithm use PI controller: will cache
Departure degree relative to target cache is dynamically exported multiple views bit stream by feedback signal and cut as error feedback signal
Piece selection criteria, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: resource preparation: before multi-view point video carries out Adaptive Transmission, server end carries out the money of multiple views bit stream
Source preparation, the video flowing that each position capture is arrived carry out independent symmetrical coding, and carry out video at the same time and cut
Piece cutting;
Step 2: media description file generated: being packaged multiple vision point video stream, and using structural similarity index S SIM as
The objective reference frame of multiple vision point video stream adaptively switched is set, the attribute information of multi-view point video is carried out to summarize production
Media description file;
Step 3: media description file pre-download: before video download, client is first filed an application to server, and downloads of media
File is described, the code rate resource allocation conditions of server end are understood by parsing media description file;
Step 4: entering the initial caching stage: client multiple views first minimum to server application viewpoint number and gross bit rate
Bit stream video segment executes step 5 when the video segment of buffer area reaches predetermined value, starts Adaptive Transmission;
Step 5: the Proportional coefficient K of setting PI controllerpWith integration time constant Ki;
Step 6: calculating estimation handling capacity: according to a upper video segment speed of download, calculating network throughput, and will calculate
The network throughput arrived is as the network-evaluated handling capacity T during the downloading of next video segmente(i);
Step 7: calculate caching: according to the gross bit rate of the multiple views bit stream video segment of application, network throughput and on
Caching surplus when one video segment downloading is completed, calculates the caching surplus B (i) after the completion of i-th of video segment downloading;
Step 8: calculating the offset of caching: setting target cache Bopt, the caching surplus that step 7 is calculated is delayed with target
Comparison is deposited, and calculates the difference of the two as current caching offset Boffet:
Boffset=B (i)-Bopt
Step 9: the input of system variable: the caching offset that step 8 is calculated is as the input of PI controller, into PI
The computing unit of controller, output control variable u (i):
Step 10: calculating multiple views bit stream and be sliced selection criteria: variable being controlled according to the output of PI controller and step 6 is counted
Obtained estimation handling capacity exports i-th of video segment selection criteria by control computing unit:
Step 11: selection criteria bit stream selection: being sliced according to the multiple views bit stream that step 10 exportsIn each bit
The video segment of the closest standard of gross bit rate is selected in stream, and selects objective finger in these selected video segments
The biggish multiple views bit stream video segment of scale value, i.e. SSIM value is transmitted;
Step 12: video download;According to the done decision of step 11 to the next video segment of server end application, this is waited until
Video segment downloading is completed;
Step 13: step 6~12 are repeated, until having downloaded all slices of cost video.
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CN107124603A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of multi-view point video adaptive transmission method based on caching |
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CN105142035A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-09 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Video stream slice transmitting system and method |
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