CN106301512A - A kind of multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method quantifying error minimize based on time delay - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method quantifying error minimize based on time delay, comprise the following steps: 1) for multiple submatrixes phased array antenna, many set delay lines are utilized to carry out phase compensation, antenna scanning scope is divided into multiple subregion, in any subregion, set up the maximum delay quantization error model of each submatrix, obtain each submatrix maximum delay quantization error in whole sweep limits；2) set up each submatrix time delay in sweep limits and quantify error model, with delay line quantity as optimization object, set up Optimized model with the maximum delay quantization error of multiple submatrixes antenna for optimization aim, solve this Optimized model, obtain the delay line quantity of each submatrix；3) according to the delay line quantity of each submatrix calculate sweep limits by stages corresponding to this submatrix every and the length of every delay line.The method utilizes many set delay lines can compensate the phase drift produced when signal center frequency changes, it is achieved time delay quantization error is minimum.

Description

A kind of multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method quantifying error minimize based on time delay

Technical field

The invention belongs to satellite communication system antenna beam and control technical field, relate to a kind of based on time delay quantization error The multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method of littleization.

Background technology

Along with the epoch are progressive, development in science and technology, communication technology of satellite is widely used at Military and civil fields, and communication in moving is defended Star communication technology has become as a kind of effective means realizing wide-band mobile communication, Emergent Public Events process, emergency command, The fields such as information transmission in real time play an important role.

Multiple submatrixes technology can be effectively reduced antenna height and system cost, has taken into account antenna performance simultaneously, is current Low profile antenna most common method.In the feeding network of phased array antenna, most important phase shifiting device is mainly the phase shifter And delay line, wherein the phase-shift value of phase shifter is unrelated with signal frequency.Signal frequency change can cause antenna beam to point to generation Skew, and then cause signal to receive power drop.Delay line, also known as delayer, has the advantages that group delay is identical, real when using Time delayer compensation space wave path-difference time, although the beamwidth of antenna can be effectively improved, but its price is sufficiently expensive.And digital phase shift The phase-shift phase of device changes in a binary fashion, when the phase shift figure place of digital phase shifter is b position, and the minimum phase shift value Δ of phase shifter =2 pi/2s^b, it is possible to the phase shift value of realization has 2^bIndividual.When using rounding-off method phase shift, the maximum phase shift deviation of phase shifter is it The half of minimum phase shift value, is 2 pi/2s^b+1, the maximum phase shift deviation of phase shifter is alternatively referred to as the phase quantization error of phase shifter.

As the phase quantization error of phase shifter, the time delay quantization error of time delay device may be defined as this time delay device and exists Maximum delay deviation in sweep limits.But, different from the phase shift value of phase shifter, the time elongatedness of time delay device does not have Periodically, for large aperture antenna, the time delay quantified precision of time delay device to be improved, need the design of large amount of complex, this Also it is one of real time delay device reason costly.

In the most conventional switching-beam technology, generally use based on the delay compensation methods overlapping delay line, from essence more On say, this is equivalent to increase a kind of special delay device after each submatrix, the time delay precision of this delay device with used Are correlated with in delay line tricks and submatrix position.Obviously, the delay line needed for switching-beam technology exists a premise, i.e. each submatrix Quantity is identical.For improving the performance of multiple submatrixes antenna further, it is necessary to break this premise, study and quantify based on time delay The feeding network method for designing of error minimize.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to the shortcoming overcoming above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of minimum based on time delay quantization error The multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method changed, the method can realize the time delay error of multiple submatrixes antenna and minimize, and cost Low.

For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the multiple submatrixes antenna beam switching quantifying error minimize based on time delay of the present invention Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

1) use many set delay lines that the phase contrast of multiple submatrixes antenna is compensated, multiple submatrixes antenna scanning scope is divided For p subregion, for any one subregion, with last submatrix of this subregion for phase reference submatrix, calculate in this subregion it (n, q), and the time delay of each submatrix quantifies error model Δ l in setting up this subregion for the delay line length L of his submatrix_TTD(n, q), Q submatrix maximum delay quantization error Δ L in whole sweep limits_TTD(q)；

2) delay line sum in all submatrixs is set as N_ALL, wherein, set up q with last submatrix for phase reference The time delay of battle array quantifies error model Δ L_TTD(q,N_TTD(q)), then the maximum delay quantization error with all submatrixs is minimum excellent Change target, set up Optimized model with the delay line quantity of each submatrix for optimized variable, then solve this Optimized model, obtain each son The delay line quantity of battle array；

3) according to step 2) obtain by stages that the delay line quantity of each submatrix calculates in each submatrix sweep limits every and The length of delay line, then according to the by stages in each submatrix sweep limits every and delay line length carry out multiple submatrixes antenna ripple The switching of bundle.

Step 1) in this subregion other submatrixs delay line length L (n, q) be:

$L(n,q)=\frac{{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i,q=1,2,...,Q-1---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, β_nFor at this subregion S_n=[α_n,α_n+1], n=1,2 ..., in p, the wave path-difference that delay line length just compensates The corresponding elevation angle, in setting up this subregion, the time delay of each submatrix quantifies error model Δ l_TTD(n, q) be:

${\mathrm{\Δl}}_{TTD}(n,q)=\underset{\mathrm{\α}\∈\[{\mathrm{\α}}_n,{\mathrm{\α}}_{n+1}\]}{max}|\frac{{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i-\frac{cos\mathrm{\α}}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i|---\left(2\right)$

Wherein,For the preferable delay line length of q submatrix when angle of elevation alpha, as cos β_n=(cos α_n+cos α_n+1During)/2, the maximum delay quantization error of each submatrix minimizes, now

${\mathrm{\Δl}}_{TTD}(n,q)=\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_n-{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i---\left(3\right)$

Due toN=1,2 ..., p, then there is Δ l_TTD(1, q)=Δ l_TTD(n, q), n=2,3 ..., p.

Step 2) in last submatrix for phase reference set up q submatrix time delay quantify error model Δ L_TTD(q, N_TTD(q)) be:

${\mathrm{\ΔL}}_{TTD}(q,N_{TTD}(q\left)\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\min }}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i,& N_{TTD}\left(q\right)=0\\ \frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\min }-{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\max }}{2\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}{N}_{TTD}\left(q\right)}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i,& N_{TTD}\left(q\right)>0\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

Optimization aim is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\min & {\mathrm{\ΔL}}_{\max }\left(N_{TTD}\right)\\ s.t.& {\Σ}_{q=1}^Q{N}_{TTD}\left(q\right)=N_{ALL}\end{array}\right.---\left(5\right)$

Wherein,

N_TTD=[N_TTD(1),N_TTD(2),…,N_TTD(Q)] (6)

ΔL_max(N_TTD)=max{ Δ L_TTD(1,N_TTD(1)),…,ΔL_TTD(Q,N_TTD(Q))} (7)。

Step 3) in the by stages of each submatrix sweep limits be divided into:

${\mathrm{cos\α}}_n={\mathrm{cos\α}}_{min}-(n-1)\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{min}-{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{max}}{p},1\≤n\≤p+1---\left(8\right)$

cosβ_n=(cos α_n+cosα_n+1)/2 (9)

Wherein, α_nFor the position of by stages dot interlace, β_nIt is the elevation angle that delay line compensates in the n-th subregion phase contrast is corresponding, root According to the elevation angle β that the phase contrast of delay line compensation in the n-th subregion is corresponding_nIn calculating this subregion, the delay line length of adjacent submatrix is poor ΔL_n:

${\mathrm{\ΔL}}_n=d{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n/\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r},1\≤n\≤p---\left(10\right).$

The method have the advantages that

Multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method based on time delay quantization error minimize of the present invention is in concrete operations Time, use the principle that the phase contrast of multiple submatrixes antenna is compensated by many set delay lines, the time delay of each submatrix in first setting up subregion Quantization error model, obtains each submatrix maximum delay quantization error in whole sweep limits, then with each submatrix maximum delay The minimum optimization aim of quantization error, build Optimized model with the delay line quantity of each submatrix for optimized variable, thus obtain each The delay line quantity of each submatrix corresponding during submatrix maximum delay quantization error minimum, finally according to the delay line quantity of each submatrix Calculate by stages in each submatrix sweep limits every and the length of delay line, break the delay of each submatrix in switching-beam technology The restriction that line quantity is equal so that the feeding network design of antenna obtains bigger degree of freedom, thus improves the most sub further The antenna performance frequency response of array antenna.It addition, the present invention is simple and easy to do, low cost, it is possible to effectively facilitate the popularization of communication in moving And application, it is possible to meet antenna for satellite communication in motion beam position demand well.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is to utilize delay line to carry out the structural representation of second order phase compensation in the present invention；

The schematic diagram that when Fig. 2 is to use many set delay lines in the present invention, antenna scanning scope divides.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail:

With reference to Fig. 1, the multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method bag quantifying error minimize based on time delay of the present invention Include following steps:

1) use many set delay lines that the phase contrast of multiple submatrixes antenna is compensated, multiple submatrixes antenna scanning scope is divided For p subregion, for any one subregion, with last submatrix of this subregion for phase reference submatrix, calculate in this subregion it (n, q), and the time delay of each submatrix quantifies error model Δ l in setting up this subregion for the delay line length L of his submatrix_TTD(n, q), Q submatrix maximum delay quantization error Δ L in whole sweep limits_TTD(q)；

2) delay line sum in all submatrixs is set as N_ALL, wherein, set up q with last submatrix for phase reference The time delay of battle array quantifies error model Δ L_TTD(q,N_TTD(q)), then the maximum delay quantization error with all submatrixs is minimum excellent Change target, set up Optimized model with the delay line quantity of each submatrix for optimized variable, then solve this Optimized model, obtain each son The delay line quantity of battle array；

3) according to step 2) obtain by stages that the delay line quantity of each submatrix calculates in each submatrix sweep limits every and The length of delay line, then according to the by stages in each submatrix sweep limits every and delay line length carry out multiple submatrixes antenna ripple The switching of bundle.

Step 1) in this subregion other submatrixs delay line length L (n, q) be:

$L(n,q)=\frac{{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i,q=1,2,...,Q-1---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, β_nFor at this subregion S_n=[α_n,α_n+1], n=1,2 ..., in p, the wave path-difference that delay line length just compensates The corresponding elevation angle, in setting up this subregion, the time delay of each submatrix quantifies error model Δ l_TTD(n, q) be:

${\mathrm{\Δl}}_{TTD}(n,q)=\underset{\mathrm{\α}\∈\[{\mathrm{\α}}_n,{\mathrm{\α}}_{n+1}\]}{\max }|\frac{{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i-\frac{\cos \mathrm{\α}}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i|---\left(2\right)$

Wherein,For the preferable delay line length of q submatrix when angle of elevation alpha, as cos β_n=(cos α_n+cos α_n+1During)/2, the maximum delay quantization error of each submatrix minimizes, now

${\mathrm{\Δl}}_{TTD}(n,q)=\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_n-{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i---\left(3\right)$

Due toN=1,2 ..., p, then there is Δ l_TTD(1, q)=Δ l_TTD(n, q), n=2,3 ..., p.

Step 2) in last submatrix for phase reference set up q submatrix time delay quantify error model Δ L_TTD(q, N_TTD(q)) be:

${\mathrm{\ΔL}}_{TTD}\left(q,N_{TTD}\left(q\right)\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\min }}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i,& N_{TTD}\left(q\right)=0\\ \frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\min }-{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\max }}{2\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}{N}_{TTD}\left(q\right)}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i,& N_{TTD}\left(q\right)>0\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

Optimization aim is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\min & {\mathrm{\ΔL}}_{\max }\left(N_{TTD}\right)\\ s.t.& {\Σ}_{q=1}^Q{N}_{TTD}\left(q\right)=N_{ALL}\end{array}\right.---\left(5\right)$

Wherein,

N_TTD=[N_TTD(1),N_TTD(2),…,N_TTD(Q)] (6)

ΔL_max(N_TTD)=max{ Δ L_TTD(1,N_TTD(1)),…,ΔL_TTD(Q,N_TTD(Q))} (7)。

Step 3) in the by stages of each submatrix sweep limits be divided into:

${\mathrm{cos\α}}_n={\mathrm{cos\α}}_{min}-(n-1)\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{min}-{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{max}}{p},1\≤n\≤p+1---\left(8\right)$

cosβ_n=(cos α_n+cosα_n+1)/2 (9)

Wherein, α_nFor the position of by stages dot interlace, β_nIt is the elevation angle that delay line compensates in the n-th subregion phase contrast is corresponding, root According to the elevation angle β that the phase contrast of delay line compensation in the n-th subregion is corresponding_nIn calculating this subregion, the delay line length of adjacent submatrix is poor ΔL_n:

${\mathrm{\ΔL}}_n=d{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n/\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r},1\≤n\≤p---\left(10\right).$

The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not impose any restrictions the present invention, every according to the present invention Any simple modification, change and the equivalent structure change that above example is made by technical spirit, all still falls within skill of the present invention In the protection domain of art scheme.

Claims (4)

1. the multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method quantifying error minimize based on time delay, it is characterised in that include following Step:

1) use many set delay lines that the phase contrast of multiple submatrixes antenna is compensated, multiple submatrixes antenna scanning scope is divided into p Individual subregion, for any one subregion, with last submatrix of this subregion for phase reference submatrix, calculates other sons in this subregion (n, q), and the time delay of each submatrix quantifies error model Δ l to the delay line length L of battle array in setting up this subregion_TTD(n q), obtains q Battle array maximum delay quantization error Δ L in whole sweep limits_TTD(q)；

2) delay line sum in all submatrixs is set as N_ALL, wherein, set up q submatrix with last submatrix for phase reference Time delay quantifies error model Δ L_TTD(q,N_TTD(q)), then with the maximum delay quantization error minimum optimization mesh of all submatrixs Mark, set up Optimized model with the delay line quantity of each submatrix for optimized variable, then solve this Optimized model, obtain each submatrix Delay line quantity；

3) according to step 2) obtain by stages that the delay line quantity of each submatrix calculates in each submatrix sweep limits every and postpone The length of line, then according to the by stages in each submatrix sweep limits every and delay line length carry out multiple submatrixes antenna beam Switching.

The multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method quantifying error minimize based on time delay the most according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, step 1) in this subregion other submatrixs delay line length L (n, q) be:

$L(n,q)=\frac{{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i,q=1,2,...,Q-1---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, β_nFor at this subregion S_n=[α_n,α_n+1], n=1,2 ..., in p, the wave path-difference that delay line length just compensates is corresponding The elevation angle, in setting up this subregion each submatrix time delay quantify error model Δ l_TTD(n, q) be:

${\mathrm{\Δl}}_{TTD}(n,q)=\underset{\mathrm{\α}\∈\[{\mathrm{\α}}_n,{\mathrm{\α}}_{n+1}\]}{max}\left|\frac{{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i-\frac{cos\mathrm{\α}}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i\right|---\left(2\right)$

Wherein,For the preferable delay line length of q submatrix when angle of elevation alpha, as cos β_n=(cos α_n+cosα_n+1)/ When 2, the maximum delay quantization error of each submatrix minimizes, now

${\mathrm{\Δl}}_{TTD}(n,q)=\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_n-{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i---\left(3\right)$

Due toThen there is Δ l_TTD (1, q)=Δ l_TTD(n, q), n=2,3 ..., p.

The multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method quantifying error minimize based on time delay the most according to claim 2, it is special Levy and be, step 2) in set up q submatrix for phase reference with last submatrix time delay quantify error model Δ L_TTD(q,N_TTD (q)) be:

${\mathrm{\ΔL}}_{TTD}(q,N_{TTD}(q\left)\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\min }}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i,& N_{TTD}\left(q\right)=0\\ \frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\min }-{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{\max }}{2\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r}{N}_{TTD}\left(q\right)}\·\underset{i=q}{\overset{Q-1}{\Σ}}{d}_i& N_{TTD}\left(q\right)>0\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

Optimization aim is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\min & {\mathrm{\ΔL}}_{\max }\left(N_{TTD}\right)\\ s.t.& {\Σ}_{q=1}^Q{N}_{TTD}\left(q\right)+N_{ALL}\end{array}\right.---\left(5\right)$

Wherein,

N_TTD=[N_TTD(1),N_TTD(2),…,N_TTD(Q)] (6)

ΔL_max(N_TTD)=max{ Δ L_TTD(1,N_TTD(1)),…,ΔL_TTD(Q,N_TTD(Q))} (7)。

The multiple submatrixes antenna beam changing method quantifying error minimize based on time delay the most according to claim 3, it is special Levy and be, step 3) in the by stages of each submatrix sweep limits be divided into:

${\mathrm{cos\α}}_n={\mathrm{cos\α}}_{min}-(n-1)\frac{{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{min}-{\mathrm{cos\α}}_{max}}{p},1\≤n\≤p+1---\left(8\right)$

cosβ_n=(cos α_n+cosα_n+1)/2 (9)

Wherein, α_nFor the position of by stages dot interlace, β_nIt is the elevation angle that delay line compensates in the n-th subregion phase contrast is corresponding, according to the The elevation angle β that in n subregion, the phase contrast of delay line compensation is corresponding_nThe delay line length difference Δ L of adjacent submatrix in calculating this subregion_n:

${\mathrm{\ΔL}}_n=d{\mathrm{cos\β}}_n/\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r},1\≤n\≤p---\left(10\right).$