CN106300715A - Electric motor car, wheel and switched reluctance machines thereof - Google Patents

Electric motor car, wheel and switched reluctance machines thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106300715A
CN106300715A CN201610862047.8A CN201610862047A CN106300715A CN 106300715 A CN106300715 A CN 106300715A CN 201610862047 A CN201610862047 A CN 201610862047A CN 106300715 A CN106300715 A CN 106300715A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
switched reluctance
stator
reluctance machines
rotor
width
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610862047.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
漆亚梅
童恩东
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHENZHEN PEITIAN MOTOR TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
SHENZHEN PEITIAN MOTOR TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Application filed by SHENZHEN PEITIAN MOTOR TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical SHENZHEN PEITIAN MOTOR TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Publication of CN106300715A publication Critical patent/CN106300715A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/265—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/50—Fastening of winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The present embodiments relate to technical field of motors, disclose the switched reluctance machines of a kind of outer rotor inner stator structure, this switched reluctance machines includes housing and the outer rotor being located in housing and inner stator, inner stator includes that wherein the slot bottom width of stator slot is 1～1.25 with the ratio of the width of stator tooth around circumferentially spaced multiple stator tooths and the stator slot between stator tooth.The torque of this switched reluctance machines is big, low-speed performance good, efficiency platform width, power density are high, noise is low, good environmental adaptability, reliability height, length in service life, production technology simply, low cost.Can be widely used in electric motor car.

Description

Electric motor car, wheel and switched reluctance machines thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of motor, relate to a kind of electric motor car, wheel and switched reluctance machines thereof.
Background technology
Inventor is in practice, it has been found that the hub driven motor of current high power electric vehicle typically uses permagnetic synchronous motor And motor in axial magnetic field, seldom use switched reluctance machines.
Below the performance of these three motor is analyzed:
1, motor in axial magnetic field structure is complicated, and production cost is high, and actual application value is the highest.
2, switched reluctance machines of the prior art is typically made into inner rotor motor form, and outer rotor hub motor has no It is used.As the low-speed stability of switched reluctance machines of internal rotor application, noise, power density still not as permanent magnet synchronous electric Machine.
3, permagnetic synchronous motor also exists easily demagnetization, low cruise efficiency is low, the life-span is shorter, maintainable poor etc. lack Point.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve that the power density of prior art breaker in middle reluctance motor is low, noise is high and complex manufacturing etc. is asked Topic, the present invention provides a kind of novel switched reluctance machines structure, and utilizes electric motor car and the wheel of this switched reluctance machines.
For solving the problems referred to above, embodiments provide the switched reluctance machines of a kind of outer rotor inner stator structure, Described switched reluctance machines includes housing and the outer rotor being located in housing and inner stator, and described inner stator includes around circumferentially-spaced The multiple stator tooths arranged and the stator slot between described stator tooth, the slot bottom width of wherein said stator slot is fixed with described The ratio of the width of sub-tooth is 1～1.25.
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the groove depth of described stator slot is 2～4 times of width of described stator tooth.
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, described outer rotor includes around circumferentially spaced multiple rotor tooths and position Rotor slot between described rotor tooth, the ratio of the width of rebate of wherein said rotor slot and the width of described rotor tooth be 1～ 0.75。
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, between described outer rotor and described inner stator the width of air gap be 0.25～ 0.5mm。
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the degree of depth of described rotor slot is gas between described outer rotor and described inner stator 20～30 times of gap length degree.
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, described outer rotor is 16 pole external-rotors with 16 rotor tooths, described interior Stator is the 24 groove inner stators with 24 stator slots.
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhausted magnetic packing material of insulation it is provided with between described rotor tooth.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, originally returning a kind of wheel of offer, described wheel uses switched reluctance machines to drive, institute State switched reluctance machines and use the structure of switched reluctance machines according to any one of above-described embodiment.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, this further provides for a kind of electric motor car, and described electric motor car is pure electronic or mixing Power car, described electric motor car includes the switched reluctance machines according to any one of above-described embodiment.
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wheel of described electric motor car uses hub-type switched reluctance machines to drive.
Compared with prior art, this switched reluctance machines torque is big, low-speed performance good, efficiency platform width, power density are high, Noise is low, good environmental adaptability, reliability height, length in service life, production technology are simple, low cost.Can be widely used for electric motor car In.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to institute in embodiment The accompanying drawing used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only some enforcements of the present invention Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtains according to these accompanying drawings Obtain other accompanying drawing.
The structure composition frame chart of Fig. 1 Switched Reluctance Motor；
Fig. 2 is switched reluctance machines and the three-phase windings schematic diagram thereof of outer-rotor structure；
Fig. 3 is the partial structurtes enlarged drawing of Fig. 2 breaker in middle reluctance motor；
Fig. 4 is the Distribution of Magnetic Field schematic diagram of stator winding；
Fig. 5 is the Distribution of Magnetic Field figure of single winding in prior art method of accessing；
Fig. 6 is that stator and rotor are relative to position and phase winding inductance curve figure；
Fig. 7 is the enlarged drawing of rotor tooth structure the first preferred embodiment；
Fig. 8 is the enlarged drawing of rotor tooth structure the second preferred embodiment；
Fig. 9 is the enlarged drawing of rotor tooth structure third preferred embodiment；
Figure 10 is the enlarged drawing of rotor tooth structure the 4th preferred embodiment；
Figure 11 is the curve chart that in prior art, inductance changes with corner；
Figure 12 is the curve chart that the inductance of switched reluctance machines crown structure of the present invention changes with corner；
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram that implant is covered on the notch of rotor slot；
Figure 14 is the structural representation that implant is filled in rotor slot；
Figure 15 is the composition frame chart of switched Reluctance Motor Control System；
Figure 16 is the electrical block diagram that duty selects module；
Figure 17 is switched reluctance machines and the three-phase windings schematic diagram thereof of inner rotor core；
Figure 18 is the partial structurtes enlarged drawing of Figure 17 breaker in middle reluctance motor；And
Figure 19 is the schematic diagram of a kind of preferred inner rotor core.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.Implement it is emphasized that following Example is merely to illustrate the present invention, but is not defined the scope of the present invention.Same, following example are only the portion of the present invention Point embodiment and not all embodiments, the institute that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise There is other embodiments, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Term " first " in description and claims of this specification and above-mentioned accompanying drawing, " second ", " the 3rd " " Four " etc. (if present) is for distinguishing similar object, without being used for describing specific order or precedence.Should manage Solve the data so used can exchange in the appropriate case, in order to embodiments of the invention described herein such as can be to remove Order beyond those that here illustrate or describe is implemented.Additionally, term " includes " and " having " and theirs is any Deformation, it is intended that cover non-exclusive comprising, such as, contain series of steps or the process of unit, method, system, product Product or equipment are not necessarily limited to those steps or the unit clearly listed, but can include the most clearly listing or for this Other step that a little processes, method, product or equipment are intrinsic or unit.
The composition frame chart of a kind of governing system of switched reluctance machines is as it is shown in figure 1, this governing system generally comprises switch Reluctance motor 100, power inverter 200, controller 300 and position sensor 400.About each component units of governing system it Between control process, in the range of the understanding of those skilled in the art, the most no longer describe in detail.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of switched reluctance machines, and this switched reluctance machines is three-phase switch reluctance machine, bag Include housing and the field spider being located in housing and salient pole stator, the tooth of stator is wound with ABC three-phase windings.
Preferably, each phase in ABC three-phase windings all includes at least three exit, draws including two ends End, is positioned at winding two ends, also includes exit in the middle part of at least one, and in the middle part of this, exit is positioned at a certain position in the middle of winding, So, when a certain for middle part exit and one of them end exit are accessed circuit, the most each phase winding only part is logical Electricity work, and when two end exits are accessed circuit, the most each phase winding is all energized work, thus realizes work shape The regulation of state.
Such as, each phase in ABC three-phase windings is all to have the three-phase windings at midpoint, middle part exit i.e. with winding Midpoint is connected, then winding can all access circuit and is operated, corresponding to the normal operating conditions of motor, it is also possible to it Half accesses circuit and is operated, corresponding to motor assist duty.ABC three-phase windings can be arranged to include multiple middle part Exit, the duty of such motor then can have multiple gear to regulate.
Preferably, the present embodiment breaker in middle reluctance motor can be outer rotor inner stator motor, wherein, as in figure 2 it is shown, fixed Attached bag includes around circumferentially spaced multiple stator tooths and the stator slot between stator tooth；Rotor includes around circumferentially disposed Multiple rotor tooths and the rotor slot between rotor tooth.This rotor 410 can be the outer rotor of 16 poles, stator 420 be 24 grooves Inner stator.
As in figure 2 it is shown, 16 pole external-rotor 24 groove inner stator motors can use ABCABC ... order coiling, totally 24 around Set of pieces, three-phase windings be respectively arranged with 8 series connection the elements of winding, the element of winding use many insulated copper wires and around, edge will be thoroughly done away with more Copper cash is split into two halves, such 8 series connection the elements of winding, again formed and around two parts, have two line head ends and two lines Tail end, using one pair of which line head end and line tail end as the end exit for this phase winding, then by another to line head end and line Tail end after connecing, as the midpoint exit of this phase winding, therefore ABC three-phase windings be the three-phase with midpoint exit around Group.Certainly, in other embodiments, each item in three-phase windings is also provided with multiple middle parts exit, and extraction location Being also not necessarily limited to the midpoint at winding, in the range of the understanding of those skilled in the art, here is omitted.
Refer to the partial structurtes enlarged drawing that Fig. 3, Fig. 3 are Fig. 2 breaker in middle reluctance motors.Preferably, fixed in the present embodiment The ratio of slot bottom width L10 and the width L8 of stator tooth of son is 1～1.25, and groove depth D1 is 2～4 times of facewidth L8.This design can High to ensure the stock utilization of motor, vibrations and noise are little.This is not use permanent magnet due to switched reluctance machines, only makes With iron core and copper cash, when its copper consumption with iron suitable time, the stock utilization of motor is the highest.And the determining of switched reluctance machines When the slot bottom width of son is 1 with the width ratio of stator tooth, it is believed that its copper consumption is suitable with by iron, slot bottom width and stator The width ratio of tooth is more than 1, then can put more copper cash.If but slot bottom width is excessive with the width ratio of stator tooth, when groove depth is During 2～4 times of the facewidth, it is meant that the width of stator tooth is too narrow, when, after winding energising on tooth, stator and rotor are at strong magnetic pull Under effect, easily produce vibrations and noise.The span of the width ratio of the groove depth of stator of the present invention, tooth and groove, effectively guarantees The stock utilization of motor is high, namely improves the power density of motor, and inhibits vibrations and noise.
Preferably, the width of rebate L7 of outer rotor and the width L6 of rotor tooth meets: L7/L6 is 1～0.75, and groove depth D2 is Between rotor 410 and stator 420 20～30 times of air gap delta.This structure design of rotor and the slot bottom width L10 of stator are with fixed The ratio of the width L8 of sub-tooth is 1～1.25, and groove depth D1 is that the design of 2～4 times of facewidth L8 matches, and causes the present invention to switch magnetic The bigger than Conventional switched reluctance motor with the ratio Lmax/Lmin value of maximum induction Lmax and minimum inductance Lmin of resistance motor obtains Many, the inductance ratio of the present invention may be up to 6～8, and Conventional switched reluctance motor can only achieve 2.5～about 4.5.Due to switch magnetic The output torque of resistance motorInductance is than high meaningGreatly, the output torque of motor is the biggest, also Improve the power density of motor again.Wherein, the width of air gap delta between rotor and stator can be designed as in the present embodiment δ=(0.25～0.5) mm.
Further, in order to improve the power density of motor, in the present embodiment, the winding on the adjacent stators tooth of stator produces Raw magnetic direction is contrary, refers to the Distribution of Magnetic Field schematic diagram that Fig. 4, Fig. 4 are stator winding, is compared to traditional winding and leads to Method for electrically, the magnetic direction of the winding on adjacent stators tooth is identical, makes each winding independently form a little magnetic field, refers to figure 5, Fig. 5 is the Distribution of Magnetic Field figure of single winding in prior art method of accessing；The electricity of the winding of adjacent stators tooth in the present embodiment Flow path direction is contrary, so that the magnetic direction that adjacent winding produces is contrary；This kind of method of accessing can make between adjacent stators winding Being collectively forming magnetic field, this kind of structure can improve magnetic density, makes reluctance torque become big, and then improves the power density of motor. The electric machine structure of 16 pole 24 grooves that the step mode of this kind of winding is not only applicable in the present embodiment, being equally applicable to rotor is (8 × n) rotor of pole, stator is the electric machine structure of the stator (wherein, n is the positive integer more than or equal to 2) of (12 × n) groove.
As shown in Figure 6, there is the minizone that inductance is constant in the curve that the inductance of conventional motors changes with corner, this intervalDo not produce moment.In order to reduce this interval, improve the utilization rate of motor, each rotor tooth of rotor of the present invention Both sides be designed as unsymmetric structure, such as the angle design of two crowns of rotor tooth is different angle etc..Then motor The curve that inductance changes with cornerInterval diminish, even disappear.And at least one in two crowns of rotor tooth Can be designed as obtuse angle.
It is further preferred that see also Fig. 7, Fig. 7 is the enlarged drawing of rotor tooth structure the first preferred embodiment, this reality The crown 4101 executed in two crowns of the rotor tooth in example is designed to obtuse angle, another crown 4102 be designed as acute angle or Person right angle.Wherein, degree of depth D3 at rotor crown obtuse angle can be 1～2 times of air gap delta, and the width D 4 at rotor crown obtuse angle is permissible For the 1/10～1/5 of the width L6 of rotor tooth, if three-phase windings is sequentially energized by the direction that obtuse angle pressed by motor, can be significantly Reduce the noise of motor.
It addition, in other embodiments, two crowns of rotor tooth can also be designed as obtuse angle, be designed as acute angle or The version that person's acute angle is arranged in pairs or groups with right angle, as long as ensureing that the both sides of rotor tooth are unsymmetric structure.Further referring to Fig. 8-Figure 10, Fig. 8 are the enlarged drawings of rotor tooth structure the second preferred embodiment, and Fig. 9 is rotor tooth structure third preferred embodiment Enlarged drawing, and Figure 10 is the enlarged drawing of rotor tooth structure the 4th preferred embodiment；Wherein, Fig. 8 embodiment rotor tooth Both sides crown one is arc structure 4101, and another is top rake structure 4102, and top rake position forms two obtuse angles；Fig. 9 implements The both sides crown of example rotor tooth one is acute angle or right-angle structure 4101, and another is prominent horn structure 4102, and The both sides crown one of Figure 10 embodiment rotor tooth is acute angle or right-angle structure 4101, is provided with one recessed near another crown The structure 4102 of groove.Below only listing the structure of several rotor tooth, the purport of present invention protection is that the both sides of rotor tooth are Unsymmetric structure.Certainly, in other embodiments, it is also possible to have the rotor tooth structure of multiple change, will not enumerate herein.
Referring to Figure 11 and Figure 12, Figure 11 is the curve chart that in prior art, inductance changes with corner, and Figure 12 is the present invention The curve chart that the inductance of switched reluctance machines crown structure changes with corner, it is obvious that the crown design structure in the present invention, its The curve that inductance changes with cornerInterval diminish (in figure, label X is position), even disappear, the most do not produce moment Interval the least even disappear, from greatly enhancing the magnetic flux utilization rate of motor, and then the output increasing motor turns Square.
Preferably, implant can also be set, to subtract trochantinian windage inside the notch of rotor slot or rotor slot.Should Implant (covering) needs for insulation exhausted magnetic material, such as plastics, fiberglass or composite etc..
Seeing also Figure 13 and Figure 14, Figure 13 and Figure 14 is the schematic diagram that two kinds of implants arrange structure, wherein, Figure 13 Being the covering schematic diagram that is covered on the notch of rotor slot, Figure 14 is the structural representation that implant is filled in rotor slot.
In Figure 13, covering 500 can be the banded structure being pasted onto rotor slot 430 notch, and covering 500 can be one Whole piece covers in all rotor slot 430 of whole rotor, it is also possible to for segmental structure covering part rotor slot 430, in ability In the range of the understanding of field technique personnel, the most no longer describe in detail.
In Figure 14, implant 500 is for being filled in voussoir in rotor slot 430, preferably fills and leads up rotor slot 430.In implant 500 when being filled in rotor slot, and be connected smoothly between the rotor tooth of implant 500 and acute angle or right angle crown structure (figure 510 positions are marked) in 14；And (Figure 14 is marked by cambered surface between the rotor tooth of implant 500 and obtuse angle crown structure 520 positions) transition connection.It is connected and can ensure that by seamlessly transitting structure between this implant 500 and both sides rotor tooth The overall lateral surface of rotor is smooth structure, reaches farthest to reduce the purpose of windage.
Further, in order to make implant 500 can be embedded in reliably in corresponding rotor slot, in the side of rotor tooth On the locating slot (not marking in figure) that can be provided with, correspondingly, the side of implant 500 is provided with suitable with locating slot structure Positioning convex 530, this positioning convex 530 coordinates with locating slot and realizes positioning the clamping of implant 500, and then ensures to fill Thing 500 is embedded in corresponding rotor slot reliably.Certainly, Figure 14 only illustrates the locator protrusions of a kind of arc structure 530, it is, of course, also possible to be dovetail configuration etc., as long as ensure that implant 500 can stably be inlayed or be connected to rotor slot In, will not enumerate herein.
The present invention additionally also provides for the control system of a kind of switched reluctance machines, and referring to Figure 15, Figure 15 is switching magnetic-resistance The composition frame chart of electric machine control system；This system includes switched reluctance machines 510 and driver 520, wherein switched reluctance machines 510 can be the switched reluctance machines that previous embodiment describes.
This driver 520 at least includes that duty selects module 521, and this duty selects module 521 to be used for selecting Whole windings between two end exits of three-phase windings or between end exit and midpoint exit or in Part between some exit is operated, so that switched reluctance machines realizes different moment of torsion output.
This duty select module 521 at least include three first switches, three second switches, three the 3rd switch, Three the first fly-wheel diodes, three the second fly-wheel diodes and three the 3rd fly-wheel diodes, wherein three first switches Colelctor electrode connect the positive pole of power supply, emitter stage connects an end exit of a phase winding of correspondence respectively, opens for three second The colelctor electrode closed connects another end exit of a phase winding of correspondence respectively, and emitter stage connects the negative pole of power supply, three The colelctor electrode of the 3rd switch connects the midpoint exit of a phase winding of correspondence respectively, and emitter stage connects the negative pole of power supply, three The negative pole of the first fly-wheel diode connects the first colelctor electrode switched that a phase winding of correspondence is connected respectively, and positive pole connects respectively Connecing the colelctor electrode of the second switch that a corresponding phase winding is connected, the negative pole of three the second fly-wheel diodes connects correspondence respectively The emitter stage of the first switch that connected of a phase winding, positive pole connects the second switch that connected of a phase winding of correspondence respectively Emitter stage, the negative pole of three three fly-wheel diodes connect respectively correspondence a phase winding connected first switch current collection Pole, positive pole connects the 3rd colelctor electrode switched that a phase winding of correspondence is connected respectively.
For example, as shown in figure 16, above-mentioned duty select module 521 can include 3 auxiliary powers switch V7, V8, V9 and 3 auxiliary fly-wheel diode VD7, VD8, VD9, when auxiliary power switch participates in work, for back work state；Auxiliary When helping power switch to quit work, for normal operating conditions.
When ABC three-phase windings is the three-phase windings with midpoint (as a example by the midpoint exit of winding), V1, V2, V3 is the upper brachium pontis power switch of A, B, C three-phase windings respectively, and its colelctor electrode connects the positive pole of power supply Us；Its emitter stage connect respectively A, The input of B, C three-phase windings, and negative pole with fly-wheel diode VD4, VD5, VD6 is connected, then by fly-wheel diode respectively The positive pole of VD4, VD5, VD6 connects the negative pole of power supply Us.The outfan of A, B, C three-phase windings connect respectively lower brachium pontis power switch V4, The colelctor electrode of V5, V6, and positive pole with fly-wheel diode VD1, VD2, VD3 is connected respectively, then by fly-wheel diode VD1, The negative pole of VD2, VD3 connects the positive pole of power supply Us.And the emitter stage of power switch V4, V5, V6 connects the negative pole (power supply ground) of power supply Us. So constitute the power driving circuit of three-phase switch reluctance machine；The midpoint exit of A, B, C three-phase windings respectively with auxiliary merit The colelctor electrode of rate switch V7, V8, V9 is connected, and is connected, then with the positive pole assisting fly-wheel diode VD7, VD8, VD9 respectively The negative pole of auxiliary fly-wheel diode VD7, VD8, VD9 is connect the positive pole of power supply Us.
During normal operating conditions, allowing auxiliary power switch V7, V8, V9 turn off and quit work, three-phase switch reluctance machine is driven V1～the V6 power switch of movement controller normally works, and A, B, C three-phase windings of three-phase switch reluctance machine can be made all to throw Enter work；During back work state, three-phase switch reluctance machine is allowed to drive V1～V3 and V7～the V9 auxiliary power of controller to open Close normal work, and power switch V4, V5, V6 turn off and quit work, and make A, B, C three-phase windings of three-phase switch reluctance machine 1/2 number of turn winding is devoted oneself to work.During due to normal operating conditions, three-phase windings is all devoted oneself to work, and the total number of turns of motor is big, electricity The moment that machine produces is big, and rotating speed is low；During back work state, only 1/2 number of turn participation work of motor, the moment of motor little but Rotating speed is high；Both achieve two grades of electrodeless variable-speeds at cooperation.
The driving controller 520 of the present embodiment three-phase switch reluctance machine can be when obtaining input speed when motor, profit With the position sensor of switched reluctance machines, make its rate of change changed at three-phase windings inductance with position angle,'s Region, carries out on-off control to the power switch of corresponding three-phase windings, it is achieved generator operation.
This driving controller 520 can control switched reluctance machines in normal operating conditions and back work according to rotating speed Run under state；During normal operating conditions, allow auxiliary power switch V7, V8, V9 turn off and quit work, three-phase switch reluctance machine Drive controller V1～V6 power switch normally work, A, B, C three-phase windings that can make three-phase switch reluctance machine is complete Portion devotes oneself to work；During back work state, V1～V3 and V7～V9 that drive controller of three-phase switch reluctance machine is allowed to assist Power switch normally works, and power switch V4, V5, V6 turn off and quit work, and make A, B, C three-phase of three-phase switch reluctance machine 1/2 number of turn winding of winding is devoted oneself to work.During due to normal operating conditions, three-phase windings is all devoted oneself to work, total circle of motor Number is big, and motor adapts to high-torque, the low state of rotating speed；During back work state, only 1/2 number of turn participation work of motor, motor Adapt to little moment high-speed state；Both cooperations achieve low-speed generator and run and the operation of high tacho generator.
In the present embodiment, three-phase switch reluctance machine as the outstanding advantages of generator operation is: entirely without due to teeth groove The location torque that effect produces；Running and high tacho generator operational mode plus having low-speed generator, high efficiency generates electricity The non-constant width in region.
Switched reluctance machines structure in the embodiment of the present invention is effectively increased the power density of switched reluctance machines, reduces The torque ripple of switched reluctance machines and noise, have the widest efficiency operation region.This switched reluctance machines does not has completely There is the location torque produced due to slot effect, as generator operation, the non-constant width in region of high efficiency generating.
During it addition, select module 521 to select the middle part lead-out wire accessing other positions of winding in working order, it is also possible to group Close out different transforming gear forms, in the range of the understanding of people in the art, describe in detail the most one by one.
Further, the embodiment of the present invention also provides for the switched reluctance machines of a kind of internal rotor outer stator structure, refers to Figure 17, Figure 17 are switched reluctance machines and the three-phase windings schematic diagrams thereof of inner rotor core.Preferably, the switch in this embodiment Reluctance motor is the internal rotor of 16 poles with 16 rotor tooths and has 24 groove external stator motors of 24 stator slots.Figure acceptance of the bid Numbers 210 is stator, and 220 is rotor.
Same, this 16 pole internal rotor 24 groove external stator motor can use ABCABC ... order coiling, totally 24 around Set of pieces, three-phase windings be respectively arranged with 8 series connection the elements of winding, the element of winding use many insulated copper wires and around, edge will be thoroughly done away with more Copper cash is split into two halves, such 8 series connection the elements of winding, again formed and around two parts, have two line head ends and two lines Tail end, using one pair of which line head end and line tail end as the end exit for this phase winding, then by another to line head end and line Tail end after connecing, as the midpoint exit of this phase winding, therefore ABC three-phase windings be the three-phase with midpoint exit around Group.Certainly, in other embodiments, each item in three-phase windings is also provided with multiple middle parts exit, and extraction location Being also not necessarily limited to the midpoint at winding, in the range of the understanding of those skilled in the art, here is omitted.
See also the partial structurtes enlarged drawing that Figure 18, Figure 18 are Figure 17 breaker in middle reluctance motors.Preferably, this enforcement In example, the ratio of the width of rebate L2 of stator and the width L1 of stator tooth is 1～1.25, and groove depth D5 is 2～4 times of facewidth L1.This sets Meter can ensure that the stock utilization of motor is high, and vibrations and noise are little.This is not use permanent magnet due to switched reluctance machines, only Only use iron core and copper cash, when its copper consumption with iron suitable time, the stock utilization of motor is the highest.And switched reluctance machines The width of rebate of stator and the width ratio of stator tooth when being 1, it is believed that its copper consumption is suitable with by iron, width of rebate with The width ratio of stator tooth is more than 1, then can put more copper cash.If but width of rebate is excessive with the width ratio of stator tooth, works as groove When being 2～4 times of the facewidth deeply, it is meant that the width of stator tooth is too narrow, when, after winding energising on tooth, stator and rotor are at strong magnetic Under pulling force effect, easily produce vibrations and noise.The span of the width ratio of the groove depth of stator of the present invention, tooth and groove, effectively Guarantee that the stock utilization of motor is high, namely improve the power density of motor, and inhibit vibrations and noise.
Preferably, the width of rebate L5 of outer rotor and the width L4 of rotor tooth meets: L5/L4 is 1～0.75, and groove depth D6 is Between rotor 220 and stator 210 20～30 times of air gap delta.This structure design of rotor and the width of rebate L5 of stator are with fixed The ratio of the width L4 of sub-tooth is 1～1.25, and groove depth D5 is that the design of 2～4 times of facewidth L1 matches, and causes the present invention to switch magnetic The bigger than Conventional switched reluctance motor with the ratio Lmax/Lmin value of maximum induction Lmax and minimum inductance Lmin of resistance motor obtains Many, the inductance ratio of the present invention may be up to 6～8, and Conventional switched reluctance motor can only achieve 2.5～about 4.5.Due to switch magnetic The output torque of resistance motorInductance is than high meaningGreatly, the output torque of motor is the biggest, also Improve the power density of motor again.Wherein, the width of air gap delta between rotor and stator can be designed as in the present embodiment δ=(0.25～0.5) mm.
In order to improve the power density of motor further, in the present embodiment, the winding on the adjacent stators tooth of stator is also adopted by Produce the contrary electric current control form of magnetic direction, concrete field form and principle please relevant in parameter above-described embodiment retouch Stating, here is omitted.
Refer to the schematic diagram that Figure 19, Figure 19 are a kind of preferred inner rotor cores, it is preferable that the rotor in the present embodiment Tooth both sides crown is likewise designed as the structure that angle is different, about the architectural feature of rotor tooth crown, refers to above-mentioned reality Executing the associated description in example, here is omitted.
It addition, equally arrange implant (label 600 in figure) in rotor slot, to subtract trochantinian windage, though in figure So only indicate and at one, be provided with implant 600, but should be that implant 600 is all set in all rotor slot.And about filling out That fills thing 600 arranges the technical characteristic such as structure and material, also refers to the associated description in above-described embodiment, the most no longer Repeat.
One optimum embodiment of inner rotor core motor
Switched reluctance machines in the present embodiment includes field spider, salient pole stator and drives controller etc., wherein, turns Son be 16 poles, stator be 24 grooves.
It is 1/0.8 that the present embodiment takes the ratio of the width of rebate of stator and the width of stator tooth, and groove depth is 3 times of the facewidth.This Design effectively guarantees that the stock utilization of motor is high, namely improves the power density of motor, and inhibits vibrations and noise.
The present embodiment three-phase switch reluctance machine, the width of rebate angle of the rotor of 16 poles with the ratio of the width of rotor tooth is 0.8, groove depth is 25 times of air gap delta.This design structure of rotor can make inductance ratio up to 7, and Conventional switched reluctance motor is only 2.5～about 4.5 can be reached.Output torque due to switched reluctance machinesInductance is than high meaningGreatly, the output torque of motor is the biggest, namely has significantly improved the power density of motor.
A crown in two crowns of each rotor tooth of rotor is designed to obtuse angle simultaneously, and another is acute angle. The curve that then inductance of motor changes with cornerInterval diminish, even disappear.If the direction that obtuse angle pressed by motor is suitable Three-phase windings is energized by sequence ground, it is also possible to significantly reduce the noise of motor.
The width of the air gap delta between the rotor of the present embodiment three-phase switch reluctance machine, stator is δ=0.25mm, rotor The degree of depth at tooth crown obtuse angle is 0.3mm, and the width at obtuse angle is the 1/6 of the width of rotor tooth.
Being wound with ABC three-phase windings on the tooth of the present embodiment stator, ABC three-phase windings is the three-phase windings with midpoint.Three The distribution sequence of phase winding is respectively A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C-totally 24 The element of winding, three-phase windings is respectively arranged with the element of winding of 8 series connection；The element of winding use many insulated copper wires and around, will thoroughly do away with more Edge copper cash is split into two halves, the elements of winding of such 8 series connection, formed again and around two parts, have two line head ends and two Line tail end, using one pair of which head end and tail end as the exit for this phase winding, then by another to head end, tail end and after connecing, As the midpoint exit of this phase winding, therefore ABC three-phase windings is the three-phase windings with midpoint.
Three-phase switch reluctance machine in the present embodiment, in order to reduce windage and noise, is inserted with voussoir, wedge in the groove of rotor The material of block can be plastic and glass fibrous composite etc..
In the driving control circuit figure of the present embodiment three-phase switch reluctance machine (referring to Figure 16), V1, V2, V3 are respectively The upper brachium pontis power switch of A, B, C three-phase windings, its colelctor electrode connects the positive pole of power supply Us；Its emitter stage connects A, B, C three-phase respectively The input of winding, and negative pole with fly-wheel diode VD4, VD5, VD6 is connected respectively, then by fly-wheel diode VD4, VD5, The positive pole of VD6 connects the negative pole of power supply Us.The outfan of A, B, C three-phase windings, meets lower brachium pontis power switch V4, V5, V6 respectively Colelctor electrode, and positive pole with fly-wheel diode VD1, VD2, VD3 is connected, then by fly-wheel diode VD1, VD2, VD3 respectively Negative pole connects the positive pole of power supply Us.And the emitter stage of power switch V4, V5, V6 connects the negative pole (power supply ground) of power supply Us.So constitute The power driving circuit of common three-phase switch reluctance machine；The midpoint exit of A, B, C three-phase windings, opens with auxiliary power respectively The colelctor electrode closing V7, V8, V9 is connected, and is connected, then by auxiliary with the positive pole assisting fly-wheel diode VD7, VD8, VD9 respectively The negative pole helping fly-wheel diode VD7, VD8, VD9 connects the positive pole of power supply Us.
In the present embodiment, the driving controller of three-phase switch reluctance machine adds 3 auxiliary power switches and 3 auxiliary Fly-wheel diode, when auxiliary power switch participates in work, for back work state, auxiliary power switchs when quitting work, for just Often duty.During normal operating conditions, allow auxiliary power switch V7, V8, V9 turn off and quit work, three-phase switch reluctance machine Drive controller V1～V6 power switch normally work, A, B, C three-phase windings that can make three-phase switch reluctance machine is complete Portion devotes oneself to work；During back work state, V1～V3 and V7～V9 that drive controller of three-phase switch reluctance machine is allowed to assist Power switch normally works, and power switch V4, V5, V6 turn off and quit work, and make A, B, C three-phase of three-phase switch reluctance machine 1/2 number of turn winding of winding is devoted oneself to work.During due to normal operating conditions, three-phase windings is all devoted oneself to work, total circle of motor Number is big, and the moment that motor produces is big, and rotating speed is low；During back work state, only 1/2 number of turn participation work of motor, motor Moment is little but rotating speed high；Both achieve two grades of electrodeless variable-speeds at cooperation.
During due to normal operating conditions, three-phase windings is all devoted oneself to work, and the total number of turns of motor is big, the moment that motor produces Greatly, rotating speed is low.During normal operating conditions, it is possible to ensureing that the slow-speed of revolution is interval, motor has high efficiency platform, and rotating speed is close to high velocity Efficiency step-down gradually, now controller is according to speed feedback, is switched to back work state.
During back work state, only 1/2 number of turn participation work of motor, the moment of motor is little but rotating speed high.Auxiliary work When making state, motor ensure that high rotating speed is interval (4000～9000 revs/min), and motor has high efficiency platform, although when turning Speed is close to low regime efficiency step-down gradually, but now controller is according to speed feedback, is switched to again normal operating conditions, it is thus achieved that low The high efficiency platform of speed district (0～4000 rev/min).Visible, the cooperation of two kinds of duties achieves two grades of electrodeless variable-speeds, expands Open up the high efficiency region in motor real work region.Therefore, the actual efficiency platform of the present embodiment three-phase switch reluctance machine Wider many than Conventional switched reluctance motor.
The present embodiment switched reluctance machines efficiency curve is in 125-50% nominal speed range and specified at 50-300% In torque range, efficiency is not less than 86%, peak efficiency 97%.
Switched reluctance machines structure in the embodiment of the present invention is effectively increased the power density of switched reluctance machines, reduces The torque ripple of switched reluctance machines and noise, have the widest efficiency operation region.
The present invention also provides for a kind of wheel, and this wheel uses switched reluctance machines to drive, and this switched reluctance machines is such as Switched reluctance machines described in front embodiment.
Preferably, this wheel can include hub-type switched reluctance machines, i.e. utilizes hub-type switched reluctance machines to drive, This hub-type switched reluctance machines is the electric machine structure of outer rotor inner stator.
Further, the present invention also provides for a kind of electric motor car, this electric motor car can be electric automobile, battery-operated motor cycle or Electric bicycle etc..This electric motor car is pure electric or hybrid car, and the wheel of this electric motor car uses switched reluctance machines to drive, This switched reluctance machines is also the switched reluctance machines as described in front embodiment.Preferably, the driving wheel of this electric motor car can be adopted Include hub-type switched reluctance machines by the car wheel structure in above-described embodiment, i.e. wheel, utilize hub-type switched reluctance machines Drive vehicle wheel rotation.
It should be noted that various embodiments above belongs to same inventive concept, the description of each embodiment emphasizes particularly on different fields, The most detailed part described in separate embodiment, refers to the description in other embodiments.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step in the various methods of above-described embodiment is can Completing instructing relevant hardware by program, this program can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, storage Medium may include that flash disk, read only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access device (Random Access Memory, RAM), disk or CD etc..
The switched reluctance machines and the system that are thered is provided the embodiment of the present invention above are described in detail, used herein Principle and the embodiment of the present invention are set forth by specific case, and the explanation of above example is only intended to help to understand The method of the present invention and core concept thereof；Simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the thought of the present invention, at tool All will change on body embodiment and range of application, in sum, this specification content should not be construed as the present invention Restriction.

Claims (10)

1. the switched reluctance machines of an outer rotor inner stator structure, it is characterised in that described switched reluctance machines includes housing And the outer rotor be located in housing and inner stator, described inner stator includes around circumferentially spaced multiple stator tooths and is positioned at institute Stating the stator slot between stator tooth, the slot bottom width of wherein said stator slot is 1～1.25 with the ratio of the width of described stator tooth.
Switched reluctance machines the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the groove depth of described stator slot is described stator tooth 2～4 times of width.
Switched reluctance machines the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described outer rotor includes around circumferentially spaced Multiple rotor tooths and the rotor slot between described rotor tooth, the width of rebate of wherein said rotor slot and described rotor tooth The ratio of width be 1～0.75.
Switched reluctance machines the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that air gap between described outer rotor and described inner stator Width be 0.25～0.5mm.
Switched reluctance machines the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the degree of depth of described rotor slot be described outer rotor and Between described inner stator 20～30 times of width of air gap.
6. according to switched reluctance machines described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that described outer rotor turns for having 16 16 pole external-rotors of sub-tooth, described inner stator is the 24 groove inner stators with 24 stator slots.
7. according to switched reluctance machines described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that be provided with insulation between described rotor tooth Magnetic packing material absolutely.
8. a wheel, it is characterised in that described wheel uses switched reluctance machines to drive, and described switched reluctance machines uses power Profit requires the structure of switched reluctance machines described in any one of 1-7.
9. an electric motor car, it is characterised in that described electric motor car is pure electric or hybrid car, described electric motor car includes such as power Profit requires the switched reluctance machines described in any one of 1-7.
Electric motor car the most according to claim 9, the wheel of described electric motor car uses hub-type switched reluctance machines to drive.
CN201610862047.8A 2016-04-08 2016-09-28 Electric motor car, wheel and switched reluctance machines thereof Pending CN106300715A (en)

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CN201621088357.0U Active CN206149034U (en) 2016-04-08 2016-09-28 Electric motor car, wheel and switched reluctance motor thereof
CN201621095071.5U Active CN206149116U (en) 2016-04-08 2016-09-28 Electric motor car, wheel and switched reluctance motor , Switched reluctance motor system thereof
CN201610862047.8A Pending CN106300715A (en) 2016-04-08 2016-09-28 Electric motor car, wheel and switched reluctance machines thereof
CN201610859130.XA Pending CN106357070A (en) 2016-04-08 2016-09-28 Electric vehicle, wheel, switch reluctance motor, switch reluctance motor system
CN201621095126.2U Active CN206149037U (en) 2016-04-08 2016-09-28 Electric motor car and switched reluctance motor , Switched reluctance motor system thereof
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CN201610859299.5A Pending CN106329755A (en) 2016-04-08 2016-09-28 Electric vehicle and its switched reluctance motor and switched reluctance motor system
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