CN106297139A - Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system, including: node data acquisition system, in the way of single node, gather the multiple physical quantity data relevant to fire of present position；Data radio transmission system, based on ZigBee-network and TCP/IP network, ZigBee-network is centered by coordinator node, collection data after other nodes will process wirelessly are sent to ZigBee-network, data are eventually pushed to coordinator node, and coordinator node transfers data to data monitor center by ZigBee WiFi gateway or serial ports subsequently；Data are processed and storage by data monitor center, monitor situation in building in real time, and based on the warning Numerical Implementation abnormal nodes Real-time Alarm set, and according to the positional information of abnormal nodes, hidden danger region is processed in time；The present invention reduces loaded down with trivial details wiring, ensure that data are safe and reliable simultaneously, adapt to complicated severe building disaster site environment, possess network reliability, promptness and accuracy.

Description

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of fire safety, particularly to a kind of wireless building fire hazard monitoring system.

Background technology

Along with the continuous expansion of Developing Urbanization, centralized house has become the trend of urban development.Due to people Lacking security against fire consciousness, some combustible materials are brought unintentionally into residential housing, are caused hidden fire-fighting danger heavy, and fire becomes Incidence rate is high, harm is big, the disaster of weight losses.For fire, people start to turn to monitoring actively from passive fire extinguishing of putting out a fire to save life and property Prevention, fire preventing and treating has become the trend of urban fire control development.In " Code for fire protection design of buildings " (GB50016-2014), Clearly propose to implement the fire-fighting work policy of " putting prevention first, preventive effect combines ".Fire monitoring alarm technology starts by people's Greatly pay close attention to, and fast development is got up.

In the face of increasingly serious fire disaster, along with the development of science and technology, building fire hazard monitoring system arises. The appearance of conventional fire detecting and warning system, decreases personnel and property loss that fire brings to a certain extent.Traditional Fire detection alarm system uses bus type distribution, and wiring scale is big, and cost of investment is higher, after early stage has designed, and the later stage Change circuit is more difficult, and especially in some are difficult to the building of wiring, occurrence index remains high.For conventional fire detection report There is disadvantage mentioned above in alarm system, building fire detection alarm system is badly in need of carrying out a upgrading.From building detection report Since alarm system comes out, due to the restriction of technology so that building fire detection alarm system slower development.

From existing achievement in research it can be seen that wireless sensor network is applied to the research of building fire monitoring and sets Meter faces huge opportunities and challenges, and building disaster site environment is complicated severe, and monitoring has again specific industry standard, nothing Line sensor network should guarantee data security the most simultaneously, should embody again it and reduce the unique advantage that wiring is loaded down with trivial details.This Just require that the index of quality aspect such as promptness and accuracy launches research from improving network reliability, expand wireless sensor network Network technology contents.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of wireless building fire monitoring system System, decreases loaded down with trivial details wiring, ensures that data are safe and reliable simultaneously, adapts to complicated severe building disaster site environment, Possess network reliability, promptness and accuracy.

To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system, including:

Node data acquisition system, gathers the multiple physical quantity numbers relevant to fire of present position in the way of single node According to；

Data radio transmission system, based on ZigBee-network and TCP/IP network, ZigBee-network with coordinator node is Center, the collection data after other nodes will process wirelessly are sent to ZigBee-network, and data are eventually pushed to Coordinator node, coordinator node transfers data to data monitor center by ZigBee-WiFi gateway or serial ports subsequently；

Data are processed and storage by data monitor center, monitor situation in building in real time, and based on the report set Alert Numerical Implementation abnormal nodes Real-time Alarm, and according to the positional information of abnormal nodes, hidden danger region is processed in time.

In described node data acquisition system, the hardware of each node include fire sensor module, ZigBee module with And power module, wherein, fire sensor module includes the modular circuit of the multiple physical quantitys relevant to fire, ZigBee module Using Single-Chip Integration scheme, be made up of MCU unit, storage element, I/O interface and RF transceiver on sheet, power module is The properly functioning offer energy of integral node, power module is taked different designs according to different node energy consumptions, is mainly divided Power and two modes of Alternating Current Power Supply for battery.

Described ZigBee module, with CC2530 as core, is divided into two types in design, and the first is the biography being not added with PA System ZigBee module, the most spacious for space, transmission range is required relatively low region, the second is add PA novel ZigBee module, is used for needing to penetrate wall or floor transfer, and to transmission range region farther out；In the first type In, the hardware peripheral circuit design of CC2530 includes the design of electric source filter circuit, arranges decoupling capacitor at chip circumference and filters The impulse disturbances that external circuit is produced by High-frequency Interference on CC2530 power supply and chip, and be provided for filtering low frequency and do 0 Ω inductance of the EMC problem between the electric capacity disturbed, and solution power supply and IC pin, is connected 56K's between pin with ground simultaneously Precision resister, the RF analog circuit for CC2530 provides a bias current；Impedance matching circuit is used to carry out CC2530 two Individual prevention at radio-frequency port and the connection of single port antenna, and turn single-ended letter with capacitor and inductor composition balun circuit to realize differential signal Number, L, C computing formula of balun circuit is:

In formula: Zout and Zin is the resistance value that chip radio frequency port and antenna port need coupling respectively；

The second type is to add RFX2401C on the basis of being not added with PA module as power amplifier chip, passes through The P1.4 mouth of CC2530 and P1.5 mouth control RXEN and the TXEN port of RFX2401C respectively, external 2 of RFX2401C chip Decoupling capacitor, the RF two ends of RFX2401C separately design an impedance matching circuit, and coupled between antenna portions uses π type match circuit Realizing, partly have employed balun circuit carries out impedance matching to connect CC2530 so that RFX2401C two terminal impedance is 50 Ω.

The described multiple physical quantitys relevant to fire include temperature, humidity, smokescope and flame, use humiture to pass Sensor, Smoke Sensor and flame sensor realize monitoring, and wherein Temperature Humidity Sensor selects SHT20, and Smoke Sensor includes It is applicable to the MQ-2 sensor of combustible gas detecting and is applicable to the HIS-07 sensor of smoke particle detection.

The supply district of described SHT20 is 2.1-3.6V, and selection voltage is 3.3V, connects one between power supply and ground connection The decoupling capacitor of 100nF, and the position of decoupling capacitor as far as possible near SHT20, SDA pin for sensor data input and Output, for avoiding signal conflict, microprocessor must only drive SDA and SCL in low level, need to respectively want an outside 10k Ω Pull-up resistor signal is lifted to high level, the P1.0 mouth of CC2530 and P1.1 mouth pin respectively with SCL and SDA of SHT20 Port connects；

The 4 foot outputs of described MQ-2 are with the direct current signal of smokescope change, and 4 pins are simultaneously connected to the I/O of CC2530 Pin and 2 feet of comparator LM393, R6 constitutes the threshold voltage of comparator；When smokescope is relatively big, output voltage is higher than threshold During voltage, comparator output low level, the now bright warning of LED2；When concentration reduces the output voltage of sensor less than threshold electricity During pressure, comparator upset output high level, LED2 extinguishes；Regulation R6 is to regulate the threshold voltage of comparator, thus regulates warning The sensitivity of output, R1 seals in the heating circuit of sensor with protection heater strip from impact during cold powering on, MQ-2 module AC pin connects the P0.7 mouth of CC2530, i.e. can obtain, by A/D conversion in the sheet of CC2530, the analogue signal needed；

HIS-07 module is roughly the same with MQ-2 module principle, and unique difference is that HIS-07 arranges the power supply an of+9V Drive, it is not necessary to extra amplifying circuit, be additionally arranged LM393 twin voltage comparator simultaneously, enter by the way of setting threshold value Row judges；

The AC pin of described flame sensor connects the P0.0 mouth of CC2530, is converted to need by A/D in the sheet of CC2530 The analogue signal wanted, is additionally arranged LM393 twin voltage comparator simultaneously, judges by the way of setting threshold value；

Described power module uses positive voltage stabilizing field effect transistor LN317 and AMS1117-3.3 as voltage stabilizing chip.

Described ZigBee-WiFi gateway is mainly by ZigBee module, WiFi module, gateway controller module, display module Four part compositions, ZigBee module uses ZigBee coordinator, is responsible for ZigBee-network and sets up and the collection of node data；WiFi Module uses integrated chip solution, is mainly responsible for sending data in the Internet；Gateway controller module is ZigBee module With the bridge of WiFi module, the main data being responsible for sending ZigBee module are sent to WiFi mould after being processed by transfer Block；The whole flow state that display module is configured by liquid crystal display gateway, user-friendly.

In described data monitor center, mobile terminal or other network users are remote by the way of accessing LAN server The information of each node of range monitoring.

Described coordinator node is responsible for the data collection of all nodes of ZigBee wireless sensor network, and by string Mouth is transmitted to gateway controller module in time, and the order of data monitor center can be transmitted to coordinator again by gateway controller simultaneously Node, after coordinator node receives instruction, by the way of radio broadcasting under send instructions to all nodes, all nodes are according to finger Making content make accordingly and judge to reply, the workflow of coordinator is: after powering on, and first carries out the most initial of some protocol stacks Change, after initializing successfully, select to set channel, set up ZigBee-network, open ZigBee-network addition and allow, start intervalometer OSAL system enters listening state；Coordinator, by the way of poll event priority, carries out event scanning, once finds busy Part occurs, and according to Event Priority, processes event response successively, and meanwhile, during whole event processes, OSAL operates system The event polling mode of system is still being run, and by each event with the form of task number, is appended to Message Processing queue successively；

In described node data acquisition system, routing node and terminal node are all responsible for gathering the data of sensor interface, Sending data to coordinator node timing after process, the workflow of sensor node is: equipment initializes, and then scans wireless Channel, request adds network, and node starts intervalometer after adding network and opens OSCL polling tasks, in polling procedure, terminal Node passes through event trigger mechanism, it is judged that if event occurs, performs the button.onrelease of correspondence, if occurring without event, then Entering sleep pattern, until timing restarts poll event to system, a situation arises, and it is responsible for timing acquiring sensor Data, some solicited messages for data center are responded accordingly, these data are uploaded to by ZigBee-network One-level route or coordinator node, routing node in terms of gathering data and response data center requests with terminal node phase With, difference is that routing node possesses data routing function, does not has park mode, and therefore it must 24 hours uninterrupted works Make, be ready to the forwarding of data；

When sending data by ZigBee-WiFi gateway, with microcontroller chip as gateway controller, its workflow For: system clock initialization, interrupt vector table registration function, serial ports initialize, initialization LCD shows, ESP8266 is passed through string The mode that mouth interrupts, configures according to STA mode, after configuration successful, starts the poll work of whole system, works at whole poll In, owing to USART2, USART3 configure in interruption reception mode respectively, USART2 receives the collection of ZigBee coordinator Data, save the data in round-robin queue's buffer area, and round-robin queue, under poll works, is delayed by USART1, USART3 Deposit the data in district to take out, be uploaded to data monitor center.

Described gateway controller employs two serial ports to interrupt, by one of the following two kinds mode realize two serial ports it Between data real-time full forward:

Mode one: directly pass-through mode

Directly pass-through mode is to use a serial ports to receive data, the data of reception is forwarded by another serial ports simultaneously Going out, overall procedure is: serial ports 2 monitors data, and serial ports 2 produces serial ports and receives interruption, at the interrupt processing function of serial ports 2 In, data are forwarded by serial ports 3；

Mode two: round-robin queue's mode

Round-robin queue's mode is to use a serial ports to receive data, and the data of reception leave in a round-robin queue simultaneously In buffer area, data are taken out in buffer area by another serial ports, and overall procedure is: serial ports 2 monitors data, and serial ports 2 produces Serial ports receive interrupt, in the interrupt processing function of serial ports 2, data are stored in round-robin queue's buffer area, serial ports 3 again from Data are taken out in data buffer area, are transmitted.

Described data monitor center has client mode and two kinds of mode of operations of server mode, have employed multithreading side Formula is designed, and overall procedure is: the main thread of data monitor center carries out adopting of data by WiFi mode or serial mode Collection processes and storage, sets up server mode, and system is in listening state subsequently, once has client request to add server, Server will create new thread for this client, sets up with client and is connected, carries out data interaction, when client disconnects service During device, triggering server and terminate thread events, terminate this thread.

Compared with prior art, the present invention according to the basic demand of building fire hazard monitoring system, from the type selecting of sensor with Design, without type selecting and the design of network node, the type selecting of dual-mode wireless gateway and design and data monitor center server The aspects such as design are started with, and systematically complete building fire monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, at laboratory environment In the basic function of this system be substantially achieved realization.The main feature of the present invention includes:

(1) there is wiring scale for conventional fire detecting and warning system big, cost of investment is higher, has designed in early stage After, the shortcomings such as later stage change circuit is more difficult, the present invention compensate for the deficiency of conventional fire monitoring system, enriches fire monitoring system The kind of system.

(2), according to the difference of architectural environment, the present invention devises two kinds of node module, it is ensured that in architectural environment Effective transmission of internodal data.

(3) the data monitor center software of present invention design, it is achieved that the additions and deletions of each nodal information, the prison of real time data Control, the query function of historical data, can also be carried out remotely each node data by the other-end in LAN simultaneously Monitoring.

(4) the present invention whole system is tested from bottom to top, including the communication capacity of node, bimodulus gateway Anti-interference, the realization etc. of data monitor center.Test result shows, the node of present invention design can gather accurately to be built Build fire parameter in thing, the most wirelessly send to server.

(5) it is configured with corresponding routing algorithm for meshed network topological structure, according to the test result of systematic function, with Time with reference to node deployment requirement in national standard specification, the present invention has formulated the deployment scheme of node, has strengthened between node Transmittability, improve the stability of wireless sensor network.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is present system block diagram.

Fig. 2 is wireless fire disaster monitoring node hardware structure diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is ZigBee-WiFi gateway hardware structure chart of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is that ZigBee of the present invention is not added with PA module hardware schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 is that ZigBee of the present invention adds PA module hardware schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of SHT20 module of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is MQ-2 module principle figure of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is HIS-07 module principle figure of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is flame sensor module principle figure of the present invention.

Figure 10 is node power module principle figure of the present invention.

Figure 11 is gateway module core board schematic diagram of the present invention.

Figure 12 is the workflow diagram of coordinator module of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the program flow diagram of inventive sensor node.

Figure 14 is SHT20 modular program flow chart of the present invention.

Figure 15 is MQ-2 module of the present invention, HIS-07 module, flame sensor modular program flow chart.

Figure 16 is ZigBee-WiFi gateway module program flow diagram of the present invention.

Figure 17 is the present invention direct pass-through mode program flow diagram.

Figure 18 is round-robin queue of the present invention mode program flow diagram.

Figure 19 is round-robin queue of the present invention buffer area structure chart.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiment.

Present invention building based on radio sensing network fire hazard monitoring system is fire detection alarm system and fire alarm System integrated, it is a part for whole automatic fire alarm system.The present invention is broadly divided into following four parts: sensor saves The design of point, the design of ZigBee-WiFi gateway, the design of data monitor center and the node of wireless sensor network Administration.

The main purpose of building fire monitoring is to grasp the real-time status of each ambient parameter of interior of building and history The variation tendency of data, provides effective foundation for monitoring personnel's prediction and control fire, and therefore, building fire hazard monitoring system is necessary Possess the collection of real time data, the inquiry of historical data, the checking and the basic function such as setting of alarming value of nodal information.This Invention building fire hazard monitoring system is not suitable for connecting up on a large scale mainly for some and tradition building fire hazard monitoring system cannot cover The building of lid, including industry and civil buildings.From application angle, the major function of system is divided into:

(1) data acquisition

1. being acquired conventional fire parameter, the parameter of collection must be consistent with test environment, it is to avoid data are forbidden True phenomenon occurs, it is ensured that the accuracy of data.

2. all data messages collected are wirelessly communicated to long-range server, and checking simultaneously collects Data of substitute are carried out secondary transmission, it is ensured that the effectiveness of transmission by data in time.

(2) data monitoring

1. processing the data received successively, the data after processing show in real time, simultaneously by these data and Reference value compares analysis, reports to the police the node having the condition of a disaster, notifies that management personnel check.

2. the nodal information of each monitoring point, data message and analysis result are stored, for later stage algorithm predicts fire and escaping Raw path planning provides data foundation.

Concerned countries code requirement according to fire monitoring, fire hazard monitoring system should have high stability, real-time and The features such as easy layout.There is the shortcoming that wiring is loaded down with trivial details in conventional fire monitoring system, causes at some Code in Hazardous Special Locations that can not connect up, Carry out fire monitoring the most difficult.Although at present wireless fire disaster warning device having occurred, but it is in single node mode, it is impossible to As wired mode, realize networking gather.

It is present invention building based on radio sensing network fire hazard monitoring system as shown in Figure 1, this building fire monitorings system Main being wirelessly transferred by node data collection, data of system forms with data monitor center.Node data collection is with single node Mode gathers numerous physical quantitys such as the temperature of present position, humidity, smokescope, flame.Data are wirelessly transferred as ZigBee net Network and TCP/IP network, ZigBee-network is centered by coordinator node, and the collection data after other nodes will process pass through nothing The mode of line is sent to ZigBee-network, and data are eventually pushed to coordinator node, and coordinator node passes through ZigBee-subsequently WiFi gateway or serial ports transfer data to data monitor center.Data monitor center achieves the process to data and storage, The setting of warning numerical value, carries out the functions such as real-time monitoring to situation in building, and meanwhile, mobile terminal or other network users also may be used By the information by remotely monitoring each node in the way of accessing LAN server.Once find that interior of building has fire feelings Hidden danger region can be carried out in time by condition, data monitor center or other long-distance users according to the positional information of these abnormal nodes Process.

According to the code requirement of fire monitoring, the present invention devises the hardware of fire monitoring node.As in figure 2 it is shown, fire The hardware of monitoring node is made up of fire sensor module, ZigBee module and power module three part.Fire sensor mould Block includes the modular circuits such as temperature, humidity, smokescope, flame.ZigBee module uses Single-Chip Integration scheme, this kind of chip It is made up of MCU unit, storage element, I/O interface and RF transceiver on sheet, simultaneously takes account of the ring of relative closure in building Border and the relatively weak penetrance of 2.4GHz signal, be classified as again two types in module design, and the first is to be not added with The traditional Z igBee module of PA, the most spacious for space, transmission range is required relatively low region, the second is add PA new Type ZigBee module, is used for needing to penetrate wall or floor transfer, and to transmission range region farther out.Power module is whole The properly functioning offer energy of body node, power module is taked different designs according to different node energy consumptions, is broadly divided into Battery is powered and two modes of Alternating Current Power Supply.

When mass data is transmitted, serial mode cannot ensure rapidity and the effectiveness that data transmit, in order to Preventing the generation of this situation, the present invention devises the transmission means of TCP/IP.ZigBee-network is again with ICP/IP protocol not With, so the present invention has carried out the design of ZigBee-WIFI gateway.As it is shown on figure 3, this gateway mainly by ZigBee module, WiFi module, gateway controller module, display module four part form.ZigBee module uses ZigBee coordinator, is responsible for ZigBee-network is set up and the collection of node data；WiFi module uses integrated chip solution, is mainly responsible for sending data to In the Internet；Gateway controller module is the bridge of ZigBee module and WiFi module, main responsible by ZigBee module transmission The data come over are sent to WiFi module after being processed by transfer；The whole flow process that display module is configured by liquid crystal display gateway State, user-friendly.

Fire monitoring node hardware of the present invention design includes:

1, hardware selection

(1) ZigBee chip type selecting

The Zstack-2007 protocol stack that TI provides opens for free, and it possesses global function simultaneously, opens up including mesh network The global function protocol stack flutterred, and the product of other companies all uses paid mode to use.

CC2530/CC2531 uses FLASH memory+MCU+ZigBee RF integrated chip scheme, and other ZigBee factories The chip of business is required for extra hardware supported, synthetical comparison and assessment, and its cost performance can not be competed with single chip solution, so selecting CC2530/CC2531 chip, possesses high performance-price ratio advantage.

CC2530 detail parameters is as follows: standard enhanced 8051CPU, high performance RF transceiver, have 2 USART, 8 and 16 bit timing devices, WatchDog Timer, 8 configurable 12 ADC of tunnels input, 21 collaborative process of GPIO, AES128 Device, hardware supported CSMA/CA, digitized received signal strength indicator (RSSI)/link-quality instruction (LQI) and powerful DMA function, can support 5 kinds of mode of operations；CC2530 has four kinds of different Flash versions: CC2530F32/64/128/256, it Be respectively provided with 32/64/128/256KB flash storage.It is summed up, uses general MCU, free global function protocol stack, High performance-price ratio, the present invention have selected the CC2530F256 chip main control chip as ZigBee module.

(2) PA chip type selecting

Although simple CC2530 chip solution can be placed built-in line at wall and be installed relay router, solve ZigBee The problem running into barrier transmission, but the processing mode of built-in line adds quantities undoubtedly, this also with native system real meaning On zero wires design original intention disagree, the program can not effectively solve transmission data problem through walls.TI official proposes logical Cross increase PA chip, effectively solve this problem.It is mainly the experimental program of TI official: CC2530+ in the market CC2591 mode, the present invention is found by substantial amounts of date comprision, RFX2401C with CC2530 combines, and equally takes Obtained good effect.Contrast CC2591 and RFX2401C, it is seen that the peripheral component of CC2591 is too much, parameter tuning is numerous Trivial, software configuration change is more, and RFX2401C has superior performance, high sensitivity and efficiency, and noise is low, overall dimensions Little, low cost, peripheral original paper is few, the most compatible ZigBee-network, and the test effect of its reality is substantially better than CC2591 scheme.

(3) Choice of Sensors

For fire alarm system, the quality of sensor affects the accuracy of whole system data, and native system is respectively Employ Temperature Humidity Sensor, Smoke Sensor and flame sensor, specific requirement to sensor performance is presented herein below.

Temperature detection: 0～50 DEG C, error≤4%；

Humidity detection: 0～100%, error≤4%；

Smoke Detection: 0～500ppm, error≤5ppm；

Fire defector: 0～3.3V, error≤0.1V.

In addition to sensor performance parameter, the Main Basis of various Choice of Sensors also includes the cost performance of element, encapsulation Deng.

1. Temperature Humidity Sensor

That the Temperature Humidity Sensor that the present invention uses is selected is SHT20, has volume little, the feature that precision is high, main property Energy parameter is as follows:

RH scope: 0%to 100%, RH precision: 3%, output type: Digital, interface: I2C, resolution: 12bit, 14bit, full temperature accuracy: +/-0.3 DEG C, working power electric current: 150nA, maximum operation temperature :+125 DEG C, minimum work temperature Degree :-40 DEG C, maximum mains voltage: 3.6V, minimum power source voltage: 2.1V.

2. Smoke Sensor

Smoke Sensor is divided into two kinds according to the difference of monitoring object, and the first is gas sensor MQ-2, and it belongs to two Tin oxide semiconductor gas sensitive, is the one of surface ion formula N-type semiconductor, is suitable for being placed on the places such as kitchen.The second It is ion type smog sensor HIS-07, is exclusively used in smoke detection.The Specifeca tion speeification of two kinds of sensors is as follows:

MQ-2: measurement scope: liquefied gas and propane (100ppm-10000ppm), butane (300ppm-5000ppm) methane (5000ppm-20000ppm) hydrogen (300ppm-5000ppm) ethanol (100ppm-2000ppm), running voltage: 5.0V ± 0.2V；Sensitive body sheet resistance (RS): 3k Ω-30k Ω (1000ppm iso-butane), concentration slope (α): 0.6.

HIS-07: measurement scope: 0%～5%；Running voltage: 9V；Measurement error: ± 0.1V；In UL217 standard atmosphere Output voltage: 5.6 ± 0.4V；Working relative humidity :≤95%RH；Cotton core 2%/foot cigarette sensitivity: 0.6 ± 0.1V；Colelctor electrode is put down Weighing apparatus current potential: 5.5 ± 0.3V；Insulator leakage current :≤0.5pA；Ionization source activity: 0.5 μ Ci (18Kbq) ± 10%；Ionization chamber Radiation dose rate at 25cm: 0.03mGy/.

According to above-mentioned analysis, MQ-2 sensor is applicable to the detection of fuel gas, and HIS-07 sensor is applicable to The detection of smoke particle.

3. flame sensor

The far infrared flame sensor that the present invention selects can be used to detect burning things which may cause a fire disaster or some other wavelength in 700 nanometers～ Thermal source in 1000 nanometer range, Specifeca tion speeification is as follows:

Detection wavelength: 760 nanometers～1100 nanometers, detection angle: 60 °, optimal detection: infrared light wavelength in 940 nanometers, Operating temperature :-25 DEG C～85 DEG C.

2, ZigBee module design

The maintenance in later stage for convenience, the secondary increasing module utilizes, and native system hardware is all according to the think of of modularized design Thinking, wherein ZigBee module designs to be divided into and is not added with PA module and adds PA module, introduces this two generic module separately below.

(1) PA module is added

The hardware peripheral circuit design of CC2530 includes the design of electric source filter circuit, as shown in Figure 4, at chip circumference C4, C5, C6, C7, C9 are decoupling capacitor, it is therefore an objective to filter the High-frequency Interference on CC2530 power supply and chip to external electrical The impulse disturbances that road produces, C2, C3 be used for filtering low-frequency disturbance, and L1 uses 0 Ω to be that the EMC solved between power supply and IC pin asks Topic.Being connected the precision resister of 56K between the main pin of RBIAS and ground, the RF analog circuit for CC2530 provides a biasing Electric current.The external reset circuit of RESET_N pin, for system reset.System use two crystal oscillators, respectively 32MHz and 32.768KHz crystal oscillator.CC2530 uses two difference ports of RF_P and RF_N to realize the transmitting-receiving of RF, its radio-frequency head Mouth have employed two ports, and SMA-KE is single port antenna, so present invention employs impedance matching circuit to carry out port even Connecing, the L2 in Fig. 4, C12, L3, C14 composition balun circuit turns the function of single-ended signal, balun circuit in order to realize differential signal L, C computing formula be shown below.

In formula: Zout and Zin is the resistance value that chip radio frequency port and antenna port need coupling respectively.According to TI's The chip handbook of CC2530, system is in operating frequency, and the impedance of prevention at radio-frequency port is the feature resistance of (69+j29) Ω, SMA-KE antenna Anti-is 50 Ω, can be calculated each device parameter values.The device composition π type match circuits such as L4, C15, C16 in Fig. 4, it is achieved Function with Antenna Impedance Matching.

(2) PA module is added

As it is shown in figure 5, add RFX2401C on the basis of being not added with PA module as power amplifier chip, pass through The P1.4 mouth of CC2530 and P1.5 mouth control RXEN and the TXEN port of RFX2401C respectively, external 2 of RFX2401C chip Decoupling capacitor, the RF two ends of RFX2401C separately design an impedance matching circuit, and coupled between antenna portions have employed π type coupling electricity Road realizes, and partly have employed balun circuit carries out impedance matching to connect CC2530 so that RFX2401C two terminal impedance is 50 Ω, Ensure that RFX2401C optimum performance.

3, sensor module designs

(1) Temperature and Humidity module

As shown in Figure 6, the supply district of SHT20 is 2.1-3.6V to the circuit theory of SHT20 module, and selection voltage is 3.3V.The decoupling capacitor of a 100nF must be connected between power supply (VDD) and ground connection (VSS), and the position of electric capacity should be leaned on as far as possible Nearly sensor, SDA pin inputs and output for the data of sensor.For avoiding signal conflict, microprocessor (MCU) must be only SDA and SCL can be driven in low level, need to respectively want the pull-up resistor of an outside 10k Ω to lift signal to high level.Due to Must be communicated by I2C mode between SHT20 and CC2530, so P1.0 mouth and the P1.1 mouth of CC2530 are drawn by the present invention Foot connects with SCL and the SDA port of this module respectively.

(2) Smoke Sensor module

1. MQ-2 module

The circuit theory of MQ-2 module is as it is shown in fig. 7,4 feet of MQ-2 export the direct current signal with smokescope change, and 4 draw Foot is simultaneously connected to the I/O pin of CC2530 and 2 feet of comparator LM393, and R6 constitutes the threshold voltage of comparator.When smog is dense When degree is relatively big, output voltage is higher than threshold voltage, comparator output low level (GND), the now bright warning of LED2；When concentration reduces When the output voltage of sensor is less than threshold voltage, comparator upset output high level (VCC), LED2 extinguishes.Regulation R6, can To regulate the threshold voltage of comparator, thus regulate the sensitivity of output of reporting to the police.R1 seals in the heating circuit of sensor, Ke Yibao Protect heater strip from impact during cold powering on.The AC pin of MQ-2 module connects the P0.7 mouth of CC2530, by the sheet of CC2530 A/D conversion i.e. can obtain the analogue signal needed.

2. HIS-07 module

The circuit theory of HIS-07 detection module as shown in Figure 8, according to the characteristic of sensor, HIS-07 module and MQ-2 mould Block circuit theory diagrams are roughly the same, and unique difference is that HIS-07 needs the power drives an of+9V, and its output valve is that 5V is left The right side, therefore need not extra amplifying circuit, is additionally arranged LM393 twin voltage comparator for module simultaneously, by setting threshold value Mode judge.

(3) flame sensor module

The circuit theory of flame sensor module is as it is shown in figure 9, the characteristic of flame sensor, and its output valve is exactly 0-4V Between, similar with HIS-07 module, again without extra amplifying circuit, the AC pin of flame sensor module meets CC2530 P0.0 mouth, by the sheet of CC2530 A/D conversion i.e. can obtain need analogue signal, be additionally arranged LM393 for module simultaneously Twin voltage comparator, judges by the way of setting threshold value.

(4) node power module design

As shown in Figure 10, the acquisition node of present invention design needs+9V ,+5V ,+3.3V for the principle of node power module DC source is powered, and therefore power module employs positive voltage stabilizing field effect transistor LN317 and the AMS1117-3.3 voltage stabilizing as circuit Chip, LN317 chip can bear the transient current of 1.5A, and voltage is adjustable, supports the multiple voltage such as 5V, 5.2V, 6V, and had Thermal overload protection and output conversion SOA protective measure, can well complete the work of voltage stabilizing, and AMS1117-3.3 is output voltage 3.3, electric current is the voltage stabilizing chip of 1A.

Fire monitoring gateway hardware of the present invention design includes:

1, hardware selection

(1) gateway controller type selecting

ZigBee-WiFi gateway of the present invention, its core is gateway controller module, and therefore gateway controller selects Whether suitable, the data having directly affected whole system process and laser propagation effect.Gateway of the present invention needs to support three kinds of USART Mouthful, there is stronger arithmetic speed simultaneously, while considering controller price, have finally chosen STM32F103RBT6 miniature Controller.

STM32F103RBT6 major parameter is as follows: use the RISC kernel of high performance ARM Cortex-M3 32, work Working frequency is 72MHz, built-in 128kB flash memories, abundant enhancing I/O port and the peripheral hardware being connected to two APB buses. Comprise the ADC of 2 12,3 general 16 bit timing devices and a PWM intervalometer simultaneously, also comprise standard and communicate with advanced Interface: up to 2 I2C interfaces and SPI interface, 3 USART interfaces, a USB interface and a CAN interface.At aspect of performance While fully meeting the bimodulus gateway of the present invention, there is again cheap price.

(2) WiFi type selecting

Design requirement according to gateway of the present invention, in line with high performance-price ratio principle, selects the ATK-that ALIENTEK company produces ESP8266-V1.2 module, this module core chip is AI-THINKER ESP8266-12F.

ESP8266-12F main performance index is as follows: support 802.11b/g/n wireless network；Built-in 10bit high accuracy ADC；Built-in ICP/IP protocol stack；[email protected], supports WPA/WPA2 safe mode, supports STA/AP/STA+AP Working mould Formula；Support Smart Confi function (including Android and iOS device)；Support HSPI, UART, I2C, I2S, IR Remote Control、PWM、GPIO；Wake up up within 2ms, connect and transmit packet；The output etc. of+20dBm under 802.11b pattern.

2, gateway module design

The ZigBee WiFi gateway of present invention design, its core controller is STM32F103RBT6, as shown in figure 11, For gateway module core board schematic diagram.As can be seen from the figure use 5V/1A power supply that it is powered, carried out by 1117-3.3 3.3V voltage is changed, and when after system power supply, D1 lamp is bright, STM32F103RBT6 has perfect internal reset circuit, external reset electricity Road is the most extremely simple, it is only necessary to uses and holds resistance reset mode, when STM32F103RBT6 can use external crystal-controlled oscillation or outside Zhong Yuan, provides reference clock through internal PLL or without internal PLL for system, it is possible to use internal RC agitator passes through Or provide clock source without internal PLL for system.When using external crystal-controlled oscillation as system clock source, the frequency of external crystal-controlled oscillation Rate is 4MHz～16MHz, can be that system provides accurate system reference source.The present invention uses the external crystal oscillator of 8MHz to be that system carries For accurate system-timing reference, use the external crystal oscillator of 32.768KHz low speed as RTC clock power supply, be connected to chip PC14, PC15 pin.The present invention uses 20 foot JTAG artificial debugging interfaces of standard.

In the present invention non-ZigBee+PA module use ZStack-2007 protocol stack default configuration, in zones of different its Test result is as shown in table 1.

Table 1 RFX2401C working timing figure

TXEN	RXEN	State
			1	X	TX sends state
0	1	RX receives state
			0	0	Chip quits work

Note: " 1 " is high level state (> 1.2V)

" 0 " is for controlling pin low level state (< 0.3V)

" X " is high and low level state

PA module configuration step in ZStack-2007 protocol stack is as follows:

1. due under default situations power amplifier do not enable, need in file hal_board_cfg.h revise # DefinexHAL_PA_LNA is #defineHAL_PA_LNA.

2. it is connected respectively at RXEN, TXEN pin of RFX2401C, by table 1 due to P1.4, P1.5 pin of CC2530 Understanding RXEN and keep high level, TXEN determines to send and receive, so arranging P1.4=1, just can realize by controlling P1.5 The data transmit-receive function of RFX2401C.Concrete protocol stack is arranged: in amendment mac_radio_defs.c file Code in macRadioTurnOnPower function is as follows:

/*******************************************************************

/*P1_5->PAEN*/

RFC_OBS_CTRL0=RFC_OBS_CTRL_PA_PD_INV；

OBSSEL5=OBSSEL_OBS_CTRL0；

/*P1_4->EN(LNA control)*/

P1SEL&=～0X10；

P1DIR |=0X10；

P1_4=1；

Output to be improved, needs to revise macPibDefaults structure variable, generation in mac_pib.c file Code is as follows:

By the value of num in amendment epimere code, can check in mac_radio_defs.c file that the milliwatt of correspondence is divided Shellfish, code is as follows:

Coordinator module of the present invention is responsible for the data collection of all nodes of ZigBee wireless sensor network, and by string Mouth is transmitted to gateway controller module in time, and the order of data monitor center can be transmitted to coordinator mould again by gateway controller simultaneously Block, after coordinator module receives instruction, by the way of radio broadcasting under send instructions to all nodes, all nodes are according in instruction Hold to make and judge accordingly to reply.Figure 12 is the workflow diagram of coordinator module, after coordinator powers on, first carries out some protocol stacks Basic initialization, after initializing successfully, select to set channel, set up ZigBee-network, open ZigBee-network addition permission, open Dynamic intervalometer OSAL system enters listening state.Coordinator, by the way of poll event priority, carries out event scanning, once Find that event occurs, according to Event Priority, process event response successively, meanwhile, during whole event processes, OSAL The event polling mode of operating system is still being run, and by each event with the form of task number, is appended to Message Processing queue successively.

Routing node of the present invention and terminal node are all responsible for gathering the data of sensor interface, process backward coordinator node fixed Time send data.Figure 13 is the program flow diagram of sensor node, and software overall procedure is that equipment initializes, and then scans wireless communication Road, request adds network, and node starts intervalometer after adding network and opens OSCL polling tasks, and in polling procedure, terminal node leads to Crossing event trigger mechanism, it is judged that if event occurs, perform the button.onrelease of correspondence, if occurring without event, then entering sleep Pattern, until timing restarts poll event to system, a situation arises, and it is responsible for timing acquiring sensing data, for number Respond accordingly according to some solicited messages at center, by ZigBee-network, these data are uploaded to upper level and route or association Adjusting device node, routing node is identical with terminal node in terms of gathering data and response data center requests, and difference is route Node possesses data routing function, does not has park mode, therefore its must non-stop run in 24 hours, be ready to the forwarding of data.

Data transmission in order to ensure is errorless, route and interrupts node and is reorganized by the data message collected, Form a complete packet to be transmitted.

Sensor assembly workflow includes respectively:

(1) SHT20 module

As shown in figure 14, owing to the communication mode of I2C do not supported by CC2530 hardware, and SHT20 only supports the communication party of I2C Formula, so the mode that present invention employs CC2530 simulation I2C communicates with SHT20, have employed P1.0 on hardware connects Mouth distinguishes SCL and the SDA pin of corresponding SHT20 with P1.1 mouth, for ensureing the reliability that data transmit, the data transmission of standard I2C Must possess strict timing requirements, concrete operating process is: initializes I/O port, startup transmission, read the warm and humid number of degrees According to, calculate data.

(2) MQ-2 module, HIS-07 module, flame sensor module

MQ-2 module of the present invention, HIS-07 module, flame sensor module are analog data collection, so have selected The mode of AD conversion carries out digital independent.CC2530 has 8 independent 12 ADC channel, and (CC2530 of TI is due to test knot Fruit is not reaching to design requirement, so the resolution of CC2530 is adjusted to 12 by TI company from 14), hardware interface is P0.0 ～P0.7, corresponding A IN0～AIN7 passage respectively, the present invention uses single pass single conversion, depositor ADCCON3 controls, Starting mode selects event to start, and the program flow diagram of these three module is as shown in figure 15.

Gateway module configuration includes:

(1) WiFi module software arrangements

The present invention selects the chip of WiFi module to be ESP8266, and WiFi module is with serial ports transparent transmission mode and gateway controller Communicating, in conjunction with the needs of gateway of the present invention, this gateway module must support multi-link mode, so selecting STA Working mould Formula, STA mode is as server using ESP8266, i.e. can connect multiple client, and table 2 is to enter ESP8266 with AT instruction The operating instruction of row STA mode configuration.

Table 2 ESP8266 part AT instructs

(2) gateway controller module software arrangements

Gateway controller is the design core of gateway of the present invention, and the quality of software architecture directly affects the logical of whole gateway Letter effect, gateway controller selection microcontroller chip, it is to connect WiFi module and the bridge of ZigBee coordinator module, makes Being connected with the hardware of itself USART3 with ESP8266, the hardware of USART2 with ZigBee coordinator is connected, and USART1 leads to as serial ports Letter mode and PC communication.Figure 16 is the program flow diagram of whole gateway controller, and software overall procedure is that system clock is initial Change, interrupt vector table registration function, serial ports initialize, initialize LCD show, to ESP8266 by the way of serial ports interrupts, press Configure according to STA mode, after configuration successful, started the poll work of whole system.In whole poll works, due to USART2, USART3 configure in interruption reception mode respectively, and USART2 receives the collection data of ZigBee coordinator, will Data are saved in round-robin queue's buffer area, and USART1, USART3 are under poll works, by round-robin queue's buffer area Data are taken out, and are uploaded to data monitor center.

During preventing WiFi module and ZigBee coordinator module transceiving data, work schedule is chaotic, the present invention USART2, USART3 are carried out the setting of interrupt priority level, it is as follows that code has specifically been set:

/********************************************************************

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure；

NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2)；

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel=USART3_IRQn；

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=0；

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd=ENABLE；

NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure)；

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel=USART2_IRQn；

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=1；

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd=ENABLE；

NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure)；

********************************************************************/

(3) realization of the data buffer area of round-robin queue

In the gateway of present invention design, controller employs two serial ports to interrupt, between two serial ports, how by number According to the forwarding of real-time full, the present invention devises two schemes, contrast is introduced the most one by one.

1. direct pass-through mode

Directly pass-through mode is to use a serial ports to receive data, the data of reception is forwarded by another serial ports simultaneously Go out.Program realizes flow process as shown in figure 17, and software overall procedure is that serial ports 2 monitors data, and serial ports 2 produces in serial ports reception Disconnected, in the interrupt processing function of serial ports 2, data are forwarded by serial ports 3.

Present invention experiment in this mode finds: when data transmit-receive interval time at more than 5s time, transmitting-receiving effect is relatively Good, packet loss rascal phenomenon does not occurs；When data transmit-receive interval time at below 5s time, packet packet loss rascal phenomenon occurs.Warp Analyze and understand, use interrupt mode to carry out serial data transmission, do not meet interrupt handling routine and try one's best brief principle, only with Fixed cycle and send interval time longer in the case of, this scheme can be gone.

2. round-robin queue's mode

Round-robin queue's mode is to use a serial ports to receive data, and the data of reception leave in a round-robin queue simultaneously In buffer area, data are taken out in buffer area by another serial ports.Program realizes flow process as shown in figure 18, and software overall procedure is Serial ports 2 monitors data, and serial ports 2 produces serial ports and receives interruption, in the interrupt processing function of serial ports 2, data is stored in one In round-robin queue's buffer area, serial ports 3 takes out data again from data buffer area, is transmitted, round-robin queue is described in detail below The process of buffer area foundation and principle.

Round-robin queue refers to connected head-to-tail ordered storage structure, and the design defines round-robin queue by a structure Buffer area, this structure is made up of 100 data cells, head pointer, tail pointer three part, and code is as follows:

Figure 19 is the structure chart of round-robin queue's buffer area, as it can be seen, front, rear are respectively directed to the head number of buffer area According to mantissa's evidence, the i.e. buffer area of the data segment between front and rear caching data, when data are stored in buffer area, Front adds 1 once, and when data are taken out, rear subtracts 1 once, when front is equal to rear, represents that buffer area is empty, when (rear+1), when % queue greatest length is equal to front, represent that buffer area is full.

Using round-robin queue's mode to carry out data acquisition system, never there is packet loss rascal phenomenon in data.Contrast above two Kind of data processing method, present invention employs round-robin queue's mode and carries out data process, in the experiment in later stage, data transmit-receive and Time accurate, effect is very good.

The big feature of the one of data monitor center of the present invention is that the real time remote realizing server data is shared, i.e. in same office Realizing multi-point monitoring in the net of territory, monitored object can be other clients of LAN, and equipment includes mobile terminal or individual PC Deng.For realizing this function, Surveillance center have employed the design that the C/S network architecture is carried out, and C/S framework is a kind of comparative maturity Software architecture, is mainly used in LAN.Experienced by centralized calculation pattern before this, along with computer network progress with Development, the especially application of visualization tool, two-layer C/S and three layers of C/S framework occurred, but the most popular also compare through Allusion quotation is the two-layer C/S framework [49] that we are to be studied.So present invention employs the two-layer C/S network architecture.Data monitoring Center (under WiFi mode) needs to be provided simultaneously with two kinds of mode of operations, i.e. pattern 1 (client mode) and pattern 2 (service end). Pattern 1 i.e. data monitor center as client connect ZigBee-WiFi gateway (service end), data monitor center with ZigBee-WiFi gateway is in communication with each other, and gathers data and stores in data base；The i.e. data monitor center conduct of pattern 2 Server, other clients in same LAN connect data monitor center (server), number by IP address and port numbers The real time data received being forwarded according to Surveillance center, each client receives and forwards data.

In the present invention, owing to data monitor center must have two kinds of mode of operations (client mode and server mould Formula), the design requirement of whole system could be met, in order to realize being total to of the reception of data, process and store tasks and data Task of enjoying is not conflicted, and improves the operational efficiency of whole system, present invention employs multithreading and be designed.In data monitoring The main thread of the heart carries out acquisition process and the storage of data by WiFi mode or serial mode, sets up server mode, subsequently System is in listening state, once has client request to add server, and server will create new thread for this client, with Client is set up and is connected, and carries out data interaction, when client disconnects server, triggers server and terminates thread events, termination This thread.

At the threading service device of Qt, develop based on QTcpServer and QThread class.At QTcpServer apoplexy due to endogenous wind, To IP address and the monitoring of port, QTcpServer has Virtual Function incomingConnection (), when server is monitored Attempt to set up to client when connect, will automatically call incomingConnection () function, at this function In be achieved that the foundation [50] of new thread.Newly-built thread is put in a thread pool by the present invention, by thread pool Operation, it is achieved the management of thread.At QTcpServer apoplexy due to endogenous wind, server when listening to client and setting up socket request, meeting Distribute a unique mark socketDescriptor for this socket, then socketDescriptor is passed to Thread In, at QThread apoplexy due to endogenous wind, set up socket by socketDescriptor and connect, it is achieved the foundation of communication.

The present invention has carried out radio sensing network fire monitoring Anti-interference Design simultaneously, specifically includes:

1, ZigBee and WiFi coexists design

Present invention employs ZigBee-WiFi gateway, add the existence of building other WiFi equipment interior so that Zigbee and Wi-Fi coexistence of systems.If both of which is operated in the ISM band of 2.4GHz, signal disturbing to each other becomes one Individual serious problem, so the anti-interference problem that coexists of Zigbee and Wi-Fi must have been resolved.

1.1, the channel distribution of Zigbee and Wi-Fi

(1) ZigBee channel distribution

IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee) is operated in ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequently Carrying, it has 3 frequency ranges and 27 physical channels, and wherein 868MHz frequency range occupies a channel；915MHz frequency range occupies 10 channels, channel spacing is 2MHz；2.4GHz frequency range occupies 16 channels, and channel spacing is 5MHz.Concrete channel distribution As shown in table 3.

Table 3 ZigBee (global) channel distribution

Channel number	Mid frequency/MHz	Channel spacing/MHz	Upper frequency limit/MHz	Lower-frequency limit/MHz
					K=0	868.3	0	868.6	868.0
K=1,2 ..., 10	906+2(k-1)	2	928.0	902.0
					K=11,12 ..., 26	2401+5(k-11)	5	2483.5	2400.0

Wherein 2.4GHz is global general-use ISM band, and 915MHz is the ISM band of North America, and 896MHz is Europe accreditation ISM band.Owing to we are in CONTINENTAL AREA OF CHINA, so present invention primarily contemplates ZigBee (Chinese) in 2.4GHz frequency range Channel distribution.

(2) WiFi channel distribution

Channel used by WiFi agreement is concentrated mainly on 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency range, simultaneously as countries in the world are for nothing The difference of line radio channel purposes, so the channel open degree of 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency range is also different.As shown in table 4, it is Main Countries WiFi in 2.4GHz band channels distribution situation, the most existing consideration for national security, also have by Other apply situation about taking, and channel shared by the ZigBee of the present invention is in 2.4GHz, so analyzing WiFi at this (Chinese) is in the channel distribution situation of 2.4GHz.

Table 4 Main Countries WiFi is distributed at 2.4GHz band channels

Channel

Frequency

China

America & Canada

Europe

Japan

Australia

1

2412

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

2

2417

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

3

2422

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

4

2427

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

5

2432

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

6

2437

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

7

2442

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

8

2447

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

9

2452

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

10

2457

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

11

2462

It is

It is

It is

It is

It is

12

2467

It is

No

It is

It is

It is

13

2472

It is

No

It is

It is

It is

14

2484

No

No

No

802.11b(only)

No

1.2, the Anti jamming Scheme of Zigbee and Wi-Fi

By the channel profile of contrast ZigBee (Chinese) with WiFi (Chinese), it is seen that, Zigbee's and Wifi Channel overlap region is relatively big, and channel the most frequently used for Wifi is 1,6,11, and its part non-overlapping with Zigbee channel can be 4 corners of Wifi channel.Frequency 2.402Ghz is to the left on Wifi border, 11 channels of corresponding Zigbee, frequency 2.405Ghz.Wifi 3,4 interchannels, frequency is between 2.422 to 2.427Ghz, 15 channels of corresponding Zigbee, frequency 2.425Ghz.Wifi's 8,9 interchannel, frequency is between 2.447 to 2.452Ghz, 20 channels of corresponding Zigbee, frequency 2.450Ghz.Wifi border Frequency 2.483Ghz is to the right, and 26 channels of corresponding Zigbee, frequency 2.480Ghz, so Zigbee to be avoided receives the shadow of Wifi Ringing, more satisfactory channel to be arranged in 11,15,20,26.The lowest according to frequency range, that transmission range is the most remote principle, so Suggestion or distribution are at 11 channels.

Can arrange channel in Z-stack in f8wConfig.cfg, relevant portion is as follows:

/********************************************************************

/*Default channel is Channel 11-0x0B*/

//Channels are defined in the following:

//0:868MHz 0x00000001

//1-10:915MHz 0x000007FE

//11-26:2.4GHz 0x07FFF800

//-DMAX_CHANNELS_868MHZ0x00000001

//-DMAX_CHANNELS_915MHZ 0x000007FE

//-DMAX_CHANNELS_24GHZ0x07FFF800

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x04000000//26-0x1A

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x02000000//25-0x19

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x01000000//24-0x18

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00800000//23-0x17

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00400000//22-0x16

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00200000//21-0x15

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00100000//20-0x14

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00080000//19-0x13

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00040000//18-0x12

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00020000//17-0x11

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00010000//16-0x10

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00008000//15-0x0F

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00004000//14-0x0E

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00002000//13-0x0D

//-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00001000//12-0x0C

-DDEFAULT_CHANLIST=0x00000800//11-0x0B//give tacit consent to the channel using numbered 11 here

********************************************************************/

Radio sensing network fire monitoring node deployment of the present invention is as follows:

The routing algorithm of current ZigBee-network is divided into: AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing) Routing Protocol and Cluster-Tree algorithm (tree network structure route).AODV Routing Protocol is a kind of pure On-demand routing protocol, utilizes Expand search algorithm to carry out conditional search node, it is achieved internodal dynamic spontaneous route, envoy Point obtains and leads to the routed path specifying target.Cluster-Tree algorithm is that the network address according to destination node calculates The algorithm of down hop.

AODV Routing Protocol is a kind of demand-based routing agreement, when source node sends packet to destination node, and source Node just starts to carry out in a network route querying, after the planning completing routed path, just carries out packet transmission.AODV road Being once to have to set up the demand connected by the operation principle of agreement, network node will broadcast a connection request, network immediately In other routing nodes then forward this request message, and store source node address and return the interim routed path of source node. When the routing node receiving connection request knows the routed path of destination node, will these routed path information according to The path of precedence record returns to source node, and then source node begins to use the routed path with the shortest jumping figure.Work as link Drop, routing error is just recycled to source node, and source node initiates the process of route querying again.

Cluster-Tree is bunch tree network topological structure generated by coordinator, it is not necessary to storage routing table.This calculation Method principle is as follows: when a routing node, (network address is A, and network depth is d) to receive the forwarding packet that destination address is D Time, this routing node destination address to be judged be the node of D be whether the child node of himself, further according to the knot judged Fruit takes different modes to process this data.If the node that destination address is D meets following formula:

A<D<A+Cskip(d-1)

Then may determine that the node that address is D is a descendent node of A addressed nodes.

Wherein, L_mIt is network depth capacity, C_mIt it is a receptible maximum son node number of parent device；R_mIt is that a father sets Standby receptible maximum route son node number；D is the network depth of equipment.

If result of calculation be unsatisfactory for formula A < D < A+Cskip (d-1), then address be the node of D be A addressed nodes father joint Point.The packet taked after judgement forwards measure as follows:

(1) destination node is the descendent node of self, if the node that address is D is the child nodes of A addressed nodes, So address of down hop is exactly destination address；If the node that address is D is not the child nodes of A addressed nodes, then may utilize Following formula calculates next-hop node address.

Wherein int is bracket function；

(2) destination node is not the descendent node of self, and packet is then delivered the father node of oneself by routing node Process.

Meshed network of the present invention is disposed and be have employed the another kind of point to point network form tree topology that ZigBee supports, Tree topology have employed the routing algorithm that Cluster-Tree algorithm combines with AODVjr algorithm, and wherein Cluster-Tree calculates Method refers to message and is transmitted along tree topology, and it need not store routing table.And AODVjr algorithm be to AdHoc by Need the improvement of Distance Vector Routing Algorithm, it is contemplated that the factors such as energy-conservation and convenience, the Some features of AODV simplified, But still remain the original function of AODV.Both algorithms have been packaged into storehouse in ZStack-2007 protocol stack, at it Optional routing algorithm and communication pattern in configuration file f8wConfig.cfg.In tree topology, ZigBee coordinator (PAN coordinator) establishes initial network, and ZigBee router constitutes branch forwarding information, and ZigBee terminal node is made For leaf node and be not involved in message route.ZigBee routing node can help to extend the original net that ZigBee coordinator is set up Network.Data are by A end equipment, the transmitting procedure of B end equipment to coordinator unit, and the coordinator unit i.e. ZigBee-of the present invention WiFi gateway device.

The node deployment of wireless sensor network should follow the basic demand of national standard specification, is divided in national standard Smoke detector, heat detector, combustible gas sensor, flame sensor.Native system node by above detector based on one Body, so on disposing, Smoke Sensor selects (MQ-2 module and HIS-07 module) according to node voluntarily according to use environment, Outside smoke removing sensor, the carrying out not differentiating between type photodetector is disposed, and decreases the trouble that detector type selecting is judged by user.Root According to node test result, the present invention has formulated the node selecting type scheme of different construction area, as shown in table 5.

The node selecting type scheme of the different construction area of table 5

In addition to above deployment classification suggestion, due to particularity and the complexity of interior of building environment, different builds Build deployment scheme to be not quite similar, so while Binding experiment data, also should adjust timely according to on-the-spot test case Deployment scheme, to reach the effect of optimum monitoring.

Claims (10)

1. wireless building fire hazard monitoring system, it is characterised in that including:

Node data acquisition system, gathers the multiple physical quantity data relevant to fire of present position in the way of single node；

Data radio transmission system, based on ZigBee-network and TCP/IP network, ZigBee-network centered by coordinator node, Collection data after other nodes will process wirelessly are sent to ZigBee-network, and data are eventually pushed to coordinator Node, coordinator node transfers data to data monitor center by ZigBee WiFi gateway or serial ports subsequently；

Data are processed and storage by data monitor center, monitor situation in building in real time, and based on the warning number set Value realizes abnormal nodes Real-time Alarm, and according to the positional information of abnormal nodes, processes hidden danger region in time.

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described node data acquisition system In, the hardware of each node includes fire sensor module, ZigBee module and power module, wherein, fire sensor mould Block includes the modular circuit of the multiple physical quantitys relevant to fire, and ZigBee module uses Single-Chip Integration scheme, by MCU on sheet Unit, storage element, I/O interface and RF transceiver composition, the properly functioning offer energy that power module is integral node, electricity Source module takes different designs according to different node energy consumptions, is broadly divided into battery and powers and two modes of Alternating Current Power Supply.

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described ZigBee module is with CC2530 For core, being divided into two types in design, the first is the traditional Z igBee module being not added with PA, the most spacious for space, Transmission range is required relatively low region, and the second is the novel ZigBee module adding PA, is used for needing to penetrate wall or floor Transmission, and to transmission range region farther out；In the first type, the hardware peripheral circuit design of CC2530 includes power supply The design of filter circuit, arranges decoupling capacitor at chip circumference and filters the High-frequency Interference on CC2530 power supply and chip is external The impulse disturbances that portion's circuit produces, and it is provided for filtering the electric capacity of low-frequency disturbance, and solve the EMC between power supply and IC pin 0 Ω inductance of problem, is connected the precision resister of 56K between pin with ground simultaneously, and the RF analog circuit for CC2530 provides One bias current；Impedance matching circuit is used to carry out the connection of two prevention at radio-frequency port of CC2530 and single port antenna, and with electricity Holding inductance composition balun circuit and turn single-ended signal to realize differential signal, L, C computing formula of balun circuit is:

$\mathrm{\&omega;}L=\sqrt{2Z_{out}{Z}_{in}}$

$\mathrm{\&omega;}C=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2Z_{out}{Z}_{in}}}$

In formula: Zout and Zin is the resistance value that chip radio frequency port and antenna port need coupling respectively；

The second type is to add RFX2401C on the basis of being not added with PA module as power amplifier chip, passes through CC2530 P1.4 mouth and P1.5 mouth control RXEN and the TXEN port of RFX2401C respectively, external 2 the decoupling electricity of RFX2401C chip Holding, the RF two ends of RFX2401C separately design an impedance matching circuit, and coupled between antenna portions uses π type match circuit to realize, Partly have employed balun circuit carries out impedance matching to connect CC2530 so that RFX2401C two terminal impedance is 50 Ω.

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system the most according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that described relevant to fire many Individual physical quantity includes temperature, humidity, smokescope and flame, uses Temperature Humidity Sensor, Smoke Sensor and flame sensing Device realizes monitoring, and wherein Temperature Humidity Sensor selects SHT20, and Smoke Sensor includes that the MQ-2 being applicable to combustible gas detecting passes Sensor and the HIS-07 sensor being applicable to smoke particle detection.

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the supply district of described SHT20 is 2.1-3.6V, selection voltage is 3.3V, connects the decoupling capacitor of a 100nF, and the position of decoupling capacitor between power supply and ground connection Putting and for the data input of sensor and export near SHT20, SDA pin as far as possible, for avoiding signal conflict, microprocessor must SDA and SCL must can only be driven in low level, need to respectively want the pull-up resistor of an outside 10k Ω to lift signal to high level, P1.0 mouth and the P1.1 mouth pin of CC2530 connect with SCL and the SDA port of SHT20 respectively；

The 4 foot outputs of described MQ-2 are with the direct current signal of smokescope change, and 4 pins are simultaneously connected to the I/O pin of CC2530 With 2 feet of comparator LM393, R6 constitutes the threshold voltage of comparator；When smokescope is relatively big, output voltage is higher than threshold voltage Time, comparator output low level, the now bright warning of LED2；When concentration reduces the output voltage of sensor less than threshold voltage, Comparator upset output high level, LED2 extinguishes；Regulation R6 is to regulate the threshold voltage of comparator, thus regulates output of reporting to the police Sensitivity, R1 seals in the heating circuit of sensor with protection heater strip from impact during cold powering on, the AC pin of MQ-2 module Connect the P0.7 mouth of CC2530, i.e. can obtain, by A/D conversion in the sheet of CC2530, the analogue signal needed；

HIS-07 module is roughly the same with MQ-2 module principle, and unique difference is that HIS-07 arranges the power drives an of+9V, Need not extra amplifying circuit, be additionally arranged LM393 twin voltage comparator simultaneously, sentence by the way of setting threshold value Disconnected；

The AC pin of described flame sensor connects the P0.0 mouth of CC2530, is converted to needs by A/D in the sheet of CC2530 Analogue signal, is additionally arranged LM393 twin voltage comparator simultaneously, judges by the way of setting threshold value；

Described power module uses positive voltage stabilizing field effect transistor LN317 and AMS1117-3.3 as voltage stabilizing chip.

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described ZigBee WiFi gateway master Will be made up of ZigBee module, WiFi module, gateway controller module, display module four part, ZigBee module uses ZigBee coordinator, is responsible for ZigBee-network and sets up and the collection of node data；WiFi module uses integrated chip solution, mainly It is responsible for sending data in the Internet；Gateway controller module is the bridge of ZigBee module and WiFi module, is mainly responsible for Data ZigBee module sent are sent to WiFi module after being processed by transfer；Display module passes through liquid crystal display net Close the whole flow state of configuration, user-friendly.

The most according to claim 6, wireless building fire hazard monitoring system, it is characterised in that in described data monitor center, move Dynamic terminal or other network users remotely monitor the information of each node by the way of accessing LAN server.

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that

Described coordinator node is responsible for the data collection of all nodes of ZigBee wireless sensor network, and by serial ports and Time be transmitted to gateway controller module, simultaneously gateway controller the order of data monitor center can be transmitted to again coordinator joint Point, after coordinator node receives instruction, by the way of radio broadcasting under send instructions to all nodes, all nodes are according to instruction Content is made and is judged accordingly to reply, and the workflow of coordinator is: after powering on, and first carries out the most initial of some protocol stacks Change, after initializing successfully, select to set channel, set up ZigBee-network, open ZigBee-network addition and allow, start intervalometer OSAL system enters listening state；Coordinator, by the way of poll event priority, carries out event scanning, once finds busy Part occurs, and according to Event Priority, processes event response successively, and meanwhile, during whole event processes, OSAL operates system The event polling mode of system is still being run, and by each event with the form of task number, is appended to Message Processing queue successively；

In described node data acquisition system, routing node and terminal node are all responsible for gathering the data of sensor interface, process Sending data to coordinator node timing afterwards, the workflow of sensor node is: equipment initializes, and then scans wireless communication Road, request adds network, and node starts intervalometer after adding network and opens OSCL polling tasks, and in polling procedure, terminal saves Point passes through event trigger mechanism, it is judged that if event occurs, performs the button.onrelease of correspondence, if occurring without event, then enters Entering sleep pattern, until timing restarts poll event to system, a situation arises, and it is responsible for timing acquiring sensor number According to, some solicited messages for data center are responded accordingly, by ZigBee-network, these data are uploaded to upper one Level route or coordinator node, routing node is identical with terminal node in terms of gathering data and response data center requests, Difference is that routing node possesses data routing function, does not has park mode, therefore its must non-stop run in 24 hours, It is ready to the forwarding of data；

When sending data by ZigBee WiFi gateway, with microcontroller chip as gateway controller, its workflow is: be System clock initialization, interrupt vector table registration function, serial ports initialize, initialization LCD shows, passes through ESP8266 in serial ports Disconnected mode, configures according to STA mode, after configuration successful, starts the poll work of whole system, in whole poll works, Owing to USART2, USART3 configure in interruption reception mode respectively, USART2 receives the collection number of ZigBee coordinator According to, save the data in round-robin queue's buffer area, round-robin queue, under poll works, is cached by USART1, USART3 Data in district are taken out, and are uploaded to data monitor center.

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described gateway controller employs two Individual serial ports interrupts, and realizes the data real-time full between two serial ports by one of the following two kinds mode and forwards:

Mode one: directly pass-through mode

Directly pass-through mode is to use a serial ports to receive data, the data of reception is transferred by another serial ports simultaneously Going, overall procedure is: serial ports 2 monitors data, and serial ports 2 produces serial ports and receives interruption, in the interrupt processing function of serial ports 2, Data are forwarded by serial ports 3；

Mode two: round-robin queue's mode

Round-robin queue's mode is to use a serial ports to receive data, and the data of reception leave in round-robin queue's caching simultaneously In district, data are taken out in buffer area by another serial ports, and overall procedure is: serial ports 2 monitors data, and serial ports 2 produces serial ports Receiving and interrupt, in the interrupt processing function of serial ports 2, data be stored in round-robin queue's buffer area, serial ports 3 is again from data Buffer area takes out data, is transmitted.

Wireless building fire hazard monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described data monitor center has Client mode and two kinds of mode of operations of server mode, have employed multithreading and be designed, and overall procedure is: data are supervised The main thread at control center carries out acquisition process and the storage of data by WiFi mode or serial mode, sets up server mode, System is in listening state subsequently, once has client request to add server, and server will create new line for this client Journey, sets up with client and is connected, carry out data interaction, when client disconnects server, triggers server and terminates thread events, Terminate this thread.