CN106289978B - The method for measuring tubing coating elasticity modulus - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods measuring tubing coating elasticity modulus, include the following steps：Utilize the elastic modulus E s of the around-France matrix for measuring composite sample to be measured of notch；Composite sample to be measured is processed into landolsring sample, notch is located at the half of height of specimen, and carries out compression-loaded to the landolsring sample of composite sample, and is recorded in the incrementss △ P of linear-elastic range internal load and the variable quantity △ δ of compression displacement；The analytical relation between derived Es △ P △ δ α is utilized, the ratio cc of coating elastic modulus E c and matrix elastic modulus Es is calculated, then according to Ec=α Es, obtains the elastic modulus E c of coating.The method of the present invention is easy to operate, convenient and efficient, has higher practical value in tubing coating surface engineering field and is widely applied foreground.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coating mechanical property measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the elastic modulus of a pipe coating.
Background
In recent years, a large number of pipes have been subjected to extreme environmental conditions, such as oxidation, corrosion, abrasion, high temperatures and pressures, due to special requirements. Particularly, in corrosive environments, pipes are required to be resistant to corrosion of corrosive industrial gases, industrial solutions, high-temperature molten salts and the like under service conditions, so that corrosion-resistant coatings are widely applied to the pipes. And some pipes need to meet certain functional requirements in the service process, for example, a selective absorption coating in the vacuum heat collecting pipe needs to meet the requirement of higher absorptivity for solar radiation, so that the heat collecting efficiency of the vacuum heat collecting pipe can be improved. To ensure the safety and functionality of pipe components during service, protective coatings are a viable and effective method and are increasingly receiving scientific and engineering attention.
The coating technology is an important modern surface treatment technology and material composite technology, a complex formed by a coating and a substrate not only maintains the inherent characteristics of the substrate material, but also endows various performances (corrosion resistance, wear resistance, oxidation resistance, ablation resistance, high temperature resistance and the like) required by surfacing, for example, the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of a boiler pipeline can be greatly improved by preparing a FeNiCrTi coating on the working surface of the boiler pipeline by utilizing a thermal spraying technology, and the service life of the boiler pipeline is prolonged. Because of these excellent properties, the coating has been widely used in the field of tubular members (including rings, cylinders, etc.). In the application process, the mechanical property of the coating is a precondition for ensuring the use safety and reliability of the pipe member, wherein the elastic modulus is one of the most concerned and important mechanical characterization parameters in the safe design and application of the coating structure. Therefore, accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of the coating is crucial to the material design of the matrix/coating composite system and the safety of its use.
Over the past several decades, many methods have been developed to measure the modulus of elasticity of coatings, such as stress-strain, indentation, bending, and resonance excitation methods. However, in these methods, the indentation method can only characterize the local mechanical properties of the material, and cannot reflect the overall properties of the material, particularly when the coating has defects such as pores and cracks, the local elastic modulus and the overall elastic modulus measured by the indentation method have a large deviation; and when the elastic modulus of the coating is tested by other methods, the test sample to be tested is required to be in a strip shape with a rectangular cross section. Therefore, neither of these methods is suitable for measuring the modulus of elasticity of pipe coatings.
In the process of solving the problems, the inventor proposes a method for measuring the elastic modulus of a ring-shaped or circular-tube-shaped brittle material, but the method can only represent the elastic modulus of the whole uniform pipe and cannot be used for testing the elastic modulus of a coating on the surface of the pipe. The method commonly adopted at present for measuring the elastic modulus of the coating of the pipe comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing a plate-shaped or strip-shaped sample by using a substrate, a coating material and preparation process conditions which are the same as those of a pipe coating composite sample to be measured, and measuring the elastic modulus of a coating by using a stress-strain method, an indentation method, a bending method, a resonance excitation method and the like. A method that can be used to measure the modulus of elasticity of a pipe coating has not been proposed so far. In summary, in order to solve the technical problem of testing the elastic modulus of the pipe coating and fill the blank in the field of measuring the elastic modulus of the pipe coating, a new testing method is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring the elastic modulus of a pipe coating, and mainly aims to provide a convenient and fast method for measuring the elastic modulus of a pipe coating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring an elastic modulus of a pipe coating, including the following steps:
measuring the elastic modulus Es of the matrix of the composite sample to be measured by using a notch ring method;
processing a composite sample to be detected into a notch ring test sample, wherein a notch is positioned at a half of the height of the sample, compressing and loading the notch ring test sample of the composite sample, and recording the load increase △ P and the compression displacement variation △ in an online elastic range;
and calculating the ratio α of the elastic modulus Ec of the coating to the elastic modulus Es of the substrate by using the deduced analytic relational expression between Es- △ P- △ - α, and then obtaining the elastic modulus Ec of the coating according to the Ec which is α Es.
preferably, the Es- △ P- △ δ - α has an analytical relationship:
β1α4+β2α3+β3α2+β4α+β5＝0 (B-2)
in the above formula, β 1, β 2, β 3, β 4 and β 5 are coefficients of an analytic relational expression between Es- △ P- △ - α, and α is the ratio of elastic modulus Ec of the coating to elastic modulus Es of the matrix, namely
preferably, when the composite sample to be detected is a pipe coating composite sample with an outer coating, the coefficients in the analytic relational expression of Es- △ P- △ - α are as follows:
β1＝(B13-B7)h2、β2＝(B14-B8)h2+2Hh(B13-B7)-B2B10、
β3＝(B13-B7)H2+(B15-B9)h2+2Hh(B14-B8)-B1B10-B2B11、
β4＝(B14-B8)H2+2Hh(B15-B9)-B1B11-B2B12、β5＝(B15-B9)H2-B1B12；
B5＝B0B4+B0rH-(2.4ν+2.4)r2、B6＝B0B3+B0rh、B7＝B0h2、B8＝2B0Hh-(2.4ν+1.4)(B3+hr)、B9＝B0H2-(2.4ν+1.4)(B4+Hr)、B11＝(4.8ν+4.8)(B3B4+rB3H+rhB4)、B13＝B2B6、B14＝B1B6+B2B5、B15＝B1B5；
b is the width of the notch ring sample of the composite sample; r and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the matrix; h is the thickness of the matrix, H ═ R-R; h is the thickness of the outer coating; ν is the poisson ratio of the matrix material.
preferably, when the composite sample to be detected is a pipe coating composite sample with an inner coating, the coefficients in the analytic relational expression of Es- △ P- △ - α are as follows:
β1＝(C13-C7)h2、β2＝(C14-C8)h2+2Hh(C13-C7)-C4C10、
β3＝(C13-C7)H2+(C15-C9)h2+2Hh(C14-C8)-C3C10-C4C11、
β4＝(C14-C8)H2+2Hh(C15-C9)-C3C11-C4C12、β5＝(C15-C9)H2-C3C12；
C6＝C0C1+C0rch、C7＝C0h2、C8＝2C0Hh-(2.4ν+1.4)(C1+rch)、C9＝C0H2-(2.4ν+1.4)(C2+Hrc)、C11＝(4.8ν+4.8)(C1C2+rcC1H+rchC2)、C13＝C4C6、C14＝C3C6+C4C5、C15＝C3C5；
wherein b is the width of the notch ring sample of the composite sample; r and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the matrix; h is the thickness of the matrix, H ═ R-R; h is the thickness of the inner coating, rcIs the inner diameter of the inner coating, rcR-h; ν is the poisson ratio of the matrix material.
preferably, when the composite sample to be detected is a pipe coating composite sample with a double-sided coating, the coefficients in the analytic relational expression of Es- △ P- △ - α are as follows:
D3＝h1+h2、D4＝H、D7＝D0D1+D0D3rc、D8＝D0D2+D0D4rc、D11＝2D0D3D4-(2.4ν+1.4)(D1+D3rc)、 D14＝(4.8ν+4.8)(D1D2+D2D3rc+D1D4rc)、D16＝D5D7、D17＝D5D9+D6D7、D18＝D6D9；
wherein b is the width of the notch ring sample of the composite sample; r, R, the outside diameter and inside diameter of the substrate, H being the thickness of the substrate, H ═ R-R; h1 and h2 are respectivelyThickness of the outer and inner coatings; r iscIs the inner diameter of the inner coating, rc＝r-h2；RcIs the outer diameter of the outer coating, then Rc＝R+h1(ii) a ν is the poisson ratio of the matrix material.
preferably, when the elastic modulus Es of the base material is measured by using a notch ring method, a pipe base body is cut and processed into an annular test sample with a notch, the geometric dimension of the obtained base sample is measured, then the base sample is subjected to compression loading under a test environment until the fracture load of the base body is one third to one half, the notch is positioned at one half of the height of the sample, and the increment delta P of the compression load in an online elastic range is recordedsvariation from compression displacement Δ δsThe elastic modulus E of the matrix was calculated according to the following formulas：
In the above formula R0Is the radius of curvature of the axis of the substrate,a is the cross-sectional area of the matrix sample, and A ═ b (R-R); e is the distance between the axis and the neutral layer,v is the Poisson's ratio of the matrix material; r, R and b are the outer diameter, inner diameter and width of the matrix sample, respectively.
Preferably, when the substrate is a brittle material, v is 0.2, and the brittle material comprises cement, glass and ceramic; and when the substrate is a plastic material, v is 0.3, and the plastic material comprises metal and alloy.
Preferably, when the notched ring test is carried out on the substrate, the coating in the pipe coating composite sample is removed, and a notched ring test sample of the substrate is obtained after notching; or the semi-finished product of the circular tube or the circular ring-shaped component before the coating is prepared is taken as a substrate, and the notch ring sample is prepared by cutting.
Preferably, the method for removing the coating can adopt methods such as cutting, grinding, milling, corrosion and the like, and the process of removing the coating cannot influence the mechanical property of the base material.
Preferably, Esthe analytic relational expression between- △ P- △ - α is obtained based on the theoretical analysis of material mechanics.
Preferably, the thickness of the substrate and the coating layer and the width of the sample are measured by a tool microscope or a micrometer, and the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the sample can be measured by a vernier caliper or an outside micrometer.
Preferably, the coating thickness should be greater than 20 μm.
Preferably, the compression loading can be performed by using a universal testing machine, and the variation of the compression displacement can be directly measured by using an inductance measuring instrument or an extensometer measuring tool, and the specific operation method can refer to chinese patent CN 102095637B.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention measures the elastic modulus E of the matrix by utilizing a notched ring method and a corrected elastic modulus calculation formulascompressing and loading the coated composite sample of notched ring pipe, recording the load increment △ P and the compression displacement variation △, and using the derived Escalculating the ratio α of the elastic modulus of the coating to the elastic modulus of the matrix according to the analytic relation between- △ P- △ - α, thereby obtaining the elastic modulus of the coating according to Ec＝αEsAnd obtaining the elastic modulus of the coating. The method provided by the invention solves the problem of difficult sample processing when the elastic modulus of the coating of the pipe is measured, the existing tubular or annular component is simply processed, the elastic modulus of the coating can be obtained by combining a notch ring method and a relative method, the test operation is simple, no special clamp is needed, and a large amount of test cost and time can be saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is Eq/Esinfluence on α test results, E in the figureqThe elastic modulus of the composite body; esis the elastic modulus of matrix, α ═ Ec/ESIs the ratio of the elastic modulus of the coating to the elastic modulus of the substrate; h is the thickness of the coating; h is the thickness of the substrate.
FIG. 2 is a force analysis diagram of the notch ring during compression loading; where P is the applied pressure; n is axial force; q is shearing force; m is a bending moment;is the included angle between the radial direction of the stressed position and the loading direction.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of loading-compression deformation of a notch ring sample, wherein △ P is the increment of compression load, and △ δ is the variation of compression displacement.
3 FIG. 3 4 3 a 3 is 3 a 3 schematic 3 view 3 of 3 an 3 outer 3 coating 3 sample 3, 3 and 3 FIG. 3 4 3 b 3 is 3 a 3 schematic 3 view 3 of 3 a 3 section 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 3 4 3 a 3; 3 In the figure, b is the width of the sample; h is the thickness of the coating; h is the thickness of the substrate.
3 FIG. 3 5 3 a 3 is 3 a 3 schematic 3 view 3 of 3 an 3 inner 3 coating 3 sample 3, 3 and 3 FIG. 3 5 3 b 3 is 3 a 3 schematic 3 view 3 of 3 a 3 section 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 3 5 3 a 3; 3 In the figure, b is the width of the sample; h is the thickness of the coating; h is the thickness of the substrate.
3 FIG. 36 3 a 3 is 3 a 3 schematic 3 view 3 of 3 a 3 double 3- 3 coated 3 sample 3, 3 and 3 FIG. 36 3 b 3 is 3 a 3 schematic 3 view 3 of 3 a 3 section 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 36 3 a 3; 3 In the figure, b is the width of the sample; h1 and h2 are the thicknesses of the outer coating and the inner coating respectively; h is the thickness of the substrate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
FIG. 2 is a force analysis of the notched ring during compressive loading, where P is the applied pressure; n is axial force; q is shearing force; m is a bending moment;the angle between the radial direction of a stressed part and the loading direction is shown in figure 3, which is a schematic view of loading-compression deformation of a notch ring sample, wherein △ P is a compression load increment and △ is a variation of compression displacement, and the embodiment of the invention provides a method for measuring the elastic modulus of a pipe coating, which comprises the following steps:
measuring the elastic modulus Es of the matrix of the composite sample to be measured by using a notch ring method;
processing a composite sample to be detected into a notch ring test sample, carrying out compression loading on the notch ring test sample of the composite sample, and recording the load increase △ P and the compression displacement variation delta in an online elastic range;
and calculating the ratio α of the elastic modulus Ec of the coating to the elastic modulus Es of the matrix by using an analytic relational expression between Es- △ P- △ - α, and then obtaining the elastic modulus Ec of the coating according to the Ec which is α Es.
The method provided by the invention only needs to test the variable quantity of the load and the displacement of the pipe coating sample in the compression process and the geometric dimension thereof, and utilizes Esthe method solves the problem of difficult sample processing in the measurement of the elastic modulus of the coating of the pipe, carries out simple processing on the existing tubular or annular component, can obtain the elastic modulus of the coating by combining a notch ring method and a relative method, has simple test operation, does not need special clamps, and can save a large amount of test cost and time.
In the examples of the present invention, Esthe analytic relational expression between the Es- △ P- △ -alpha is obtained based on the theoretical analysis of material mechanics in the embodiment of the invention, the analytic relational expression between the Es- △ P- △ -alpha is as follows:
β1α4+β2α3+β3α2+β4α+β5＝0 (B-2)
in the above formula, β 1, β 2, β 3, β 4 and β 5 are coefficients of an analytic relational expression between Es- △ P- △ - α, and α is the elastic modulus E of the coatingcModulus of elasticity E of matrixsRatio of (i) to (ii)Determining the expression of each coefficient by material mechanics analysis, and using a unitary quadratic equation calculator or Matlab and other calculation software to calculate Essolving and calculating an analytic relational expression between-delta P-delta- α to obtain an α value, wherein the only α value can be determined as the elastic modulus E of the coating because α is a real number solution larger than 0cModulus of elasticity E of matrixsThe ratio of (A) to (B); thus can be according to Ec＝αEsThe modulus of elasticity of the coating is obtained.
The pipe coating in the present invention may be an outside coating, an inside coating or a double-sided coating. The outer coating is the coating prepared on the outer surface of the tubular or annular substrate; inner coating, i.e. coating prepared on the inner surface of tubular or annular substrate; double-sided coatings are coatings prepared on both the inner and outer surfaces of a tubular or annular substrate. The expressions for the respective coefficients are explained in detail below for the outer side coating, the inner side coating, and the double-sided coating.
3 referring 3 to 3 fig. 3 4 3 a 3 and 3 4 3 b 3, 3 when 3 the 3 composite 3 sample 3 to 3 be 3 measured 3 is 3 the 3 composite 3 sample 3 with 3 the 3 pipe 3 coating 3 having 3 the 3 outer 3 coating 3, 3 the 3 coefficients 3 in 3 the 3 analytic 3 relational 3 expression 3 of 3 es 3- 3 Δ 3 p 3- 3 Δ 3 δ 3- 3 α 3 are 3 as 3 follows 3: 3
β1＝(B13-B7)h2、β2＝(B14-B8)h2+2Hh(B13-B7)-B2B10、
β3＝(B13-B7)H2+(B15-B9)h2+2Hh(B14-B8)-B1B10-B2B11、β4＝(B14-B8)H2+2Hh(B15-B9)-B1B11-B2B12、β5＝(B15-B9)H2-B1B12；
B5＝B0B4+B0rH-(2.4ν+2.4)r2、B6＝B0B3+B0rh、B7＝B0h2、B8＝2B0Hh-(2.4ν+1.4)(B3+hr)、B9＝B0H2-(2.4ν+1.4)(B4+Hr)、B11＝(4.8ν+4.8)(B3B4+rB3H+rhB4)、B13＝B2B6、B14＝B1B6+B2B5、B15＝B1B5；
b is the width of the notch ring sample of the composite sample; r and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the matrix; h is the thickness of the matrix, H ═ R-R; h is the thickness of the outer coating; ν is the poisson ratio of the matrix material.
3 referring 3 to 3 fig. 3 5 3 a 3 and 3 5 3 b 3, 3 when 3 the 3 composite 3 sample 3 to 3 be 3 tested 3 is 3 the 3 composite 3 sample 3 with 3 the 3 pipe 3 coating 3 having 3 the 3 inner 3 coating 3, 3 the 3 coefficients 3 in 3 the 3 analytic 3 relational 3 expression 3 between 3 es 3- 3 Δ 3 p 3- 3 Δ 3 δ 3- 3 α 3 are 3 as 3 follows 3: 3
β1＝(C13-C7)h2、β2＝(C14-C8)h2+2Hh(C13-C7)-C4C10、
β3＝(C13-C7)H2+(C15-C9)h2+2Hh(C14-C8)-C3C10-C4C11、
β4＝(C14-C8)H2+2Hh(C15-C9)-C3C11-C4C12、β5＝(C15-C9)H2-C3C12；
C6＝C0C1+C0rch、C7＝C0h2、C8＝2C0Hh-(2.4ν+1.4)(C1+rch)、C9＝C0H2-(2.4ν+1.4)(C2+Hrc)、C11＝(4.8ν+4.8)(C1C2+rcC1H+rchC2)、C13＝C4C6、C14＝C3C6+C4C5、C15＝C3C5；
Wherein b is a composite sampleWidth of the notched ring sample; r and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the matrix; h is the thickness of the matrix, H ═ R-R; h is the thickness of the inner coating, rcIs the inner diameter of the inner coating, rcR-h; ν is the poisson ratio of the matrix material.
3 referring 3 to 3 fig. 36 3 a 3 and 36 3 b 3, 3 when 3 the 3 composite 3 sample 3 to 3 be 3 tested 3 is 3 the 3 composite 3 sample 3 with 3 the 3 pipe 3 coating 3 having 3 the 3 double 3- 3 sided 3 coating 3, 3 the 3 coefficients 3 in 3 the 3 analytic 3 relational 3 expression 3 between 3 es 3- 3 Δ 3 p 3- 3 Δ 3 δ 3- 3 α 3 are 3 as 3 follows 3: 3
D3＝h1+h2、D4＝H、D7＝D0D1+D0D3rc、D8＝D0D2+D0D4rc、D11＝2D0D3D4-(2.4ν+1.4)(D1+D3rc)、 D14＝(4.8ν+4.8)(D1D2+D2D3rc+D1D4rc)、D16＝D5D7、D17＝D5D9+D6D7、D18＝D6D9；
Wherein b is the width of the notch ring sample of the composite sample; r, R, the outside diameter and inside diameter of the substrate, H being the thickness of the substrate, H ═ R-R; h1, h2 are the thicknesses of the outside coating and the inside coating respectively; r iscIs the inner diameter of the inner coating, rc＝r-h2；RcIs the outer diameter of the outer coating, then Rc＝R+h1(ii) a ν is the poisson ratio of the matrix material.
As a preferable example of the above embodiment, the elastic modulus E of the base material is measured by the notched ring methodswhen in use, a pipe base body is cut and processed into an annular sample with a notch, the geometric dimension of the obtained base body sample is measured, then the base body sample is compressed and loaded to one third to one half of the fracture load of the base body under a test environment, the notch is positioned at one half of the height of the sample, and the increment delta P of the compression load in an online elastic range is recordedsvariation from compression displacement Δ δsThe elastic modulus E of the matrix was calculated according to the following formulas：
In the above formula R0Is the radius of curvature of the axis of the substrate,a is the cross-sectional area of the matrix sample, and A ═ b (R-R); e is the distance between the axis and the neutral layer,v is the Poisson's ratio of the matrix material; r, R and b are the outer diameter, inner diameter and width of the matrix sample, respectively.
In this example, the modulus of elasticity E of the substrate was obtainedsIn the process, the bending normal stress is considered, and the axial force and the shearing force are also considered, so that the accuracy of the elastic modulus calculation formula of the notch ring is improved. As is evident from FIG. 1, accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of the composite and the substrate is important for the measurement of the elastic modulus of the coating, especially for samples with very thin coatings (small H/H values). E.g. samples with H/H of 0.005, Eq/Eswhen the measured value of the ratio of the elastic modulus of the coating to the elastic modulus of the substrate varies from 2.2 to 2.4, the ratio α of the elastic modulus of the coating to the elastic modulus of the substrate varies from 137.25 to 180.20, namely Eq/Esthe value of (A) is increased by 9.09%, which can result in that the alpha value is increased by 31.29%, therefore, the accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of the tubular or annular substrate and the composite body is an effective way for improving the measurement accuracy of the elastic modulus of the pipe coating.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the width of the sample (including the base sample and the coated composite sample) refers to the dimension of the sample in the axial direction, and the width of the sample is generally 0.2R to 5(R-R), where R is the outer diameter of the entire sample and R is the inner diameter of the entire sample.
As a preferable example of the above embodiment, when the substrate is a brittle material, it is preferable that the poisson's ratio ν is 0.2, and the brittle material includes cement, glass, ceramics, and the like; when the substrate is made of a plastic material, the Poisson ratio v is 0.3, and the plastic material comprises metal, alloy and the like.
As a preference of the above embodiment, when the substrate is subjected to the notched ring test, the coating in the pipe coating composite sample is removed, and a notched ring sample of the substrate is obtained after notching; or the semi-finished product of the circular tube or the circular ring-shaped component before the coating is prepared is taken as a substrate, and the notch ring sample is prepared by cutting. The coating can be removed by cutting, grinding, milling, etching, etc. The process of removing the coating can not affect the mechanical properties of the base material. The notched ring specimens can be obtained using a diamond cutter opening. When the notch ring sample is compressed and loaded, the notch is positioned at a half of the height of the sample. The gap width is typically greater than 2mm in order to have sufficient compression displacement space.
As a preferable example of the above embodiment, the dimensions of the sample can be obtained by measuring the thickness of the substrate and the coating layer and the width of the sample by a tool microscope or a micrometer, and the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the sample can be measured by a vernier caliper or an outside micrometer.
Preferably, in the above embodiment, the coating thickness should be greater than 20 μm.
As a preferred embodiment, the compression loading can be performed by using a universal testing machine, and the variation of the compression displacement can be directly measured by using an inductance measuring instrument or an extensometer measuring tool, and the specific operation method can refer to chinese patent CN 102095637B.
The method for measuring the modulus of elasticity of a coating on a pipe according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The following examples all use a chemical vapor deposition silicon carbide (CVD-SiC) coating on an annular graphite substrate (width of about 7.2mm) as a tube-coated composite member (C-SiC). The chemical vapor deposition selects Methyl Trichlorosilane (MTS) as a gas source substance, hydrogen as a carrier of MTS, and the diluent gas selects argon; the deposition temperature is 1300 ℃, the furnace pressure is 5kPa during deposition, and the deposition time is 10 h.
The elastic modulus of the matrix is measured as follows: removing the coatings on the inner and outer surfaces, the upper and lower ends of the C-SiC by grinding to obtain a graphite matrix; then, opening by using a cutting machine, wherein the width of the gap is about 2 mm; measuring the outer diameter R, the inner diameter R and the width b of the graphite matrix notch ring sample by using a micrometer; then placing the graphite substrate notch ring sample on a support table of a universal testing machine, wherein the notch is positioned at a half of the height of the notch ring sample,the sample is compressed and loaded at a loading rate of 0.1mm/min, and the notch ring sample is measured to be 4N-10N (△ P) by using a high-precision inductance measuring instruments6N) of the compression displacement change amount Δ δs(ii) a Then substituting the measured data into the calculation formula of the elastic modulus of the matrix, and solving to obtain the elastic modulus E of the matrixsThe test results are shown in table 1 below, and the elastic modulus of the graphite matrix is about 9.2649 GPa.
TABLE 1 elastic modulus test results for graphite matrix
Example 1: measurement of the modulus of elasticity of the outer coating
On the basis of obtaining the elastic modulus of the matrix, the method further comprises the following steps:
1) removing the inner surface and the upper and lower end coatings of the C-SiC pipe by a grinding method to obtain a C-SiC pipe coating sample with an outer coating, and cutting a notch with the width of about 2mm by using a diamond blade to form a notch ring sample;
2) measuring the outer diameter R of the notch ring sample by using a micrometerc15.10mm, 11.95mm inner diameter r and 7.16mm width b; the coating thickness h is 36 μm measured by a digital microscope; the outer diameter R-Rc-h-15.064 mm of the substrate;
3) placing a notched ring sample with an outer coating on a supporting table of a universal testing machine, keeping a notch at 1/2 of the height of the notched ring sample, carrying out compression loading on the sample at a loading rate of 0.1mm/min, and measuring the compression displacement variation △ between 4N and 10N (△ P is 6N) of the notched ring sample to be 74.5 mu m by using a high-precision inductance measuring instrument;
4) the measured geometric size of the sample, the compression load and the variation of the displacement are substituted into a related formula, and the obtained variable is solved by a one-element fourth-order equation calculator to obtain the elastic modulus Ec of the SiC coating, wherein the elastic modulus Ec of the SiC coating is 406.73 GPa.
Example 2: measurement of the modulus of elasticity of the inner coating
1) Removing the coatings on the outer surface, the upper end and the lower end of the C-SiC pipe by a cutting method to obtain a C-SiC pipe coating sample with an inner coating, polishing the surface of the C-SiC pipe coating sample by a polishing machine, and cutting a notch with the width of about 2mm by a diamond blade to form a notch ring sample;
2) measuring the outer diameter R of the notch ring sample by using a micrometer to be 15.10mm, the inner diameter rc to be 11.95mm and the width b to be 7.14 mm; the coating thickness h was 83 μm measured using a digital microscope; then the inner diameter r of the substrate is rc+h＝12.033mm；
3) placing a notched ring sample with an outer coating on a supporting table of a universal testing machine, keeping a notch at 1/2 of the height of the notched ring sample, carrying out compression loading on the sample at a loading rate of 0.1mm/min, and measuring the compression displacement variation △ between 4N and 10N (△ P is 6N) of the notched ring sample to be 49 mu m by using a high-precision inductance measuring instrument;
4) the measured geometric size of the sample, the compression load and the variation of the displacement are substituted into a related formula, and a-43.26 can be solved by using a one-dimensional fourth-order equation calculator, so that the elastic modulus Ec of the SiC coating is 400.80 GPa.
Example 3: measurement of modulus of elasticity of double-sided coating
1) Removing the coatings at the upper end and the lower end of the C-SiC pipe by a grinding method to obtain a C-SiC pipe coating sample with a double-sided coating, and cutting a notch with the width of about 2mm by using a diamond blade to form a notch ring sample;
2) measuring the outer diameter R of the notch ring sample by using a micrometerc15.10mm, inner diameter rc11.95mm, and 7.14mm for width b; the outside coating thickness h1 was measured by digital microscopy to be 28 μm and the inside coating thickness h was measured by digital microscopy236 μm; the outer diameter R of the substrate is equal to Rc-h 1-15.072 mm, base body internal diameter r-rc+h2＝11.986mm；
3) placing a notched ring sample with an outer coating on a supporting table of a universal testing machine, keeping a notch at 1/2 of the height of the notched ring sample, carrying out compression loading on the sample at a loading rate of 0.1mm/min, and measuring the compression displacement variation △ between 4N and 10N (△ P is 6N) of the notched ring sample by using a high-precision inductance measuring instrument, wherein the △ is 39 mu m;
4) the measured geometric dimensions of the sample and the amount of change in the compressive load and displacement are substituted into the above equations (24) and (15), and a-42.82 is solved by a one-dimensional quadratic calculator, so that the elastic modulus Ec- α Es of the SiC coating becomes 396.72 GPa.
The result is consistent with the elastic modulus of 390-440 GPa of the SiC coating recorded in the literature, and the method is accurate and reliable in theory and experiment.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring the modulus of elasticity of a coating on a pipe, comprising the steps of:
measuring the elastic modulus Es of the matrix of the composite sample to be measured by using a notch ring method;
processing a composite sample to be detected into a notch ring test sample, wherein a notch is positioned at a half of the height of the sample, compressing and loading the notch ring test sample of the composite sample, and recording the load increase △ P and the compression displacement variation △ in an online elastic range;
calculating the ratio α of the elastic modulus Ec of the coating to the elastic modulus Es of the matrix by using an analytic relational expression between Es- △ P- △ - α, then obtaining the elastic modulus Ec of the coating according to the Ec which is α Es,
the analytic relational expression between Es- △ P- △ - α is as follows:
β1α4+β2α3+β3α2+β4α+β5＝0
in the above formula, β 1, β 2, β 3, β 4 and β 5 are coefficients of an analytic relational expression between Es- △ P- △ - α, and α is the ratio of elastic modulus Ec of the coating to elastic modulus Es of the matrix, namely
when the composite sample to be detected is a pipe coating composite sample with an outer coating, the coefficients in the analytic relational expression of Es- △ P- △ -alpha are respectively as follows:
β1＝(B13-B7)h2、β2＝(B14-B8)h2+2Hh(B13-B7)-B2B10、
β3＝(B13-B7)H2+(B15-B9)h2+2Hh(B14-B8)-B1B10-B2B11、
β4＝(B14-B8)H2+2Hh(B15-B9)-B1B11-B2B12、β5＝(B15-B9)H2-B1B12；
B5＝B0B4+B0rH-(2.4ν+2.4)r2、B6＝B0B3+B0rh、B7＝B0h2、B8＝2B0Hh-(2.4ν+1.4)(B3+hr)、B9＝B0H2-(2.4ν+1.4)(B4+Hr)、B11＝(4.8ν+4.8)(B3B4+rB3H+rhB4)、B13＝B2B6、B14＝B1B6+B2B5、B15＝B1B5；
b is the width of the notch ring sample of the composite sample; r and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the matrix; h is the thickness of the matrix, H ═ R-R; h is the thickness of the outer coating; v is the Poisson's ratio of the matrix material;
or,
when the composite sample to be detected is a pipe coating composite sample with an inner side coating, the coefficients in the analytic relational expression of Es- △ P- △ - α are as follows:
β1＝(C13-C7)h2、β2＝(C14-C8)h2+2Hh(C13-C7)-C4C10、
β3＝(C13-C7)H2+(C15-C9)h2+2Hh(C14-C8)-C3C10-C4C11、
β4＝(C14-C8)H2+2Hh(C15-C9)-C3C11-C4C12、β5＝(C15-C9)H2-C3C12；
C6＝C0C1+C0rch、C7＝C0h2、C8＝2C0Hh-(2.4ν+1.4)(C1+rch)、C9＝C0H2-(2.4ν+1.4)(C2+Hrc)、C11＝(4.8ν+4.8)(C1C2+rcC1H+rchC2)、C13＝C4C6、C14＝C3C6+C4C5、C15＝C3C5；
wherein b is the width of the notch ring sample of the composite sample; r and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the matrix; h is the thickness of the matrix, H ═ R-R; h is the thickness of the inner coating, rcIs the inner diameter of the inner coating, rcR-h; v is the Poisson's ratio of the matrix material,
or,
when the composite sample to be detected is a pipe coating composite sample with a double-sided coating, the coefficients in the analytic relational expression of Es- △ P- △ - α are as follows:
D3＝h1+h2、D4＝H、D7＝D0D1+D0D3rc、D8＝D0D2+D0D4rc、D11＝2D0D3D4-(2.4ν+1.4)(D1+D3rc)、 D14＝(4.8ν+4.8)(D1D2+D2D3rc+D1D4rc)、D16＝D5D7、D17＝D5D9+D6D7、D18＝D6D9；
wherein b is the width of the notch ring sample of the composite sample; r, R, the outside diameter and inside diameter of the substrate, H being the thickness of the substrate, H ═ R-R; h1, h2 are the thicknesses of the outside coating and the inside coating respectively; r iscIs the inner diameter of the inner coating, rc＝r-h2；RcIs the outer diameter of the outer coating, then Rc＝R+h1(ii) a ν is the poisson ratio of the matrix material.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein when the modulus of elasticity Es of the base material is measured by the notched ring method, the base material is cut into a ring-shaped sample with a notch, the geometric dimension of the obtained base sample is measured, then the base sample is subjected to a compressive loading under a test environment until the fracture load of the base sample is one third to one half, the notch is located at one half of the height of the sample, and the increment Δ P of the compressive loading in the online elastic range is recordedsvariation from compression displacement Δ δsThe elastic modulus E of the matrix was calculated according to the following formulas：
In the above formula R0Is the radius of curvature of the axis of the substrate,a is the cross-sectional area of the matrix sample, and A ═ b (R-R); e is the distance between the axis and the neutral layer,v is the Poisson's ratio of the matrix material; r, R and b are the outer diameter, inner diameter and width of the matrix sample, respectively.
3. the method of claim 1, wherein an analytic relational expression between Es- △ P- △ δ - α is solved and calculated by using a one-dimensional quadratic equation calculator or Matlab calculation software, and a real number greater than 0 is calculated as an α value.
4. The method of any of claims 1 to 2, wherein v is 0.2 when the substrate is a brittle material, the brittle material comprising cement, glass, and ceramic; and when the substrate is a plastic material, v is 0.3, and the plastic material comprises metal.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the notched ring test of the substrate is performed by removing the coating from the pipe coating composite sample, and cutting the notch to obtain a notched ring test sample of the substrate; or the semi-finished product of the circular tube or the circular ring-shaped component before the coating is prepared is taken as a substrate, and the notch ring sample is prepared by cutting.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the coating removal process comprises cutting, grinding, milling, and etching.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein E issthe analytic relational expression between- △ P- △ - α is obtained based on the theoretical analysis of material mechanics.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the coating thickness is greater than 20 μm.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said compressive loading is performed using a universal testing machine and the amount of change in compressive displacement is measured directly using an electrical gage or extensometer measuring tool.
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