CN106282624A - A kind of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106282624A CN106282624A CN201610651843.7A CN201610651843A CN106282624A CN 106282624 A CN106282624 A CN 106282624A CN 201610651843 A CN201610651843 A CN 201610651843A CN 106282624 A CN106282624 A CN 106282624A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of metal injection molded high-gravity tungsten-base alloy and preparation method thereof.The preparation method of metal injection molded tungsten-bast alloy, comprises the following steps: (1) dispensing；(2) dry grinding；(3) mixing；Metal mixture adds plastic cement adjuvant and acetal resin, carries out mixing；(4) injection；(5) catalysis degreasing；(6) in graphite furnace or molybdenum formula stove, vacuum-sintering is carried out.Additionally provide a kind of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy, including following raw material by weight: tungsten powder 20 96.5%；Nickel by powder 0.25 40%；Iron powder 0.1 40%.The present invention utilizes and moulds the technique of matrix system to make high-gravity tungsten base product, stability more preferably, product be unlikely to deform, fabrication cycle is short, in hgher efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal injection molded technical field of alloy, a kind of metal injection molded high-gravity tungsten
Base alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Tungsten alloy material is big with its density, good heat conductivity and the advantage such as ray absorption capacity is strong, is widely used in logical
Letter product scope.High-gravity tungsten-base alloy mainly has nickel, ferrum, cobalt, copper, chromium etc. elementary composition.Existing prepare tungsten-bast alloy
The method of material is the most powder injection-molded.
At present, the high specific gravity product utilizing cerul system to make powder injection-molded (MIM) is the technique of comparative maturity, but
Utilize the product that cerul system is produced, poor stability, be easily deformed, and fabrication cycle is long.Mould matrix system by extensively
It is applied to the making of MIM stainless steel product, but also in test phase in the making of tungstenio high specific gravity product.
Main difficult point is:
1. batch mixing course powder surface is oxidized, the compactness of impact sintering；
2. in mixing process, carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron dust are inflammable；
3. catalysis degreasing stove is when defat, and concentrated nitric acid makes product surface aoxidize, and surface forms oxide-film, causes product sintering the most thorough
The end, affect the consistency of product；
For avoiding the surface oxidation impact on sintering in prior art, generally lead to hydrogen sintering with molybdenum formula sintering furnace, equipment cost
Height, maintenance cost is the highest；Making proportion 10-16g/cm3During tungsten nickel iron alloy, ferronickel content is higher, product after sintering
Mechanical performance is on the low side.
Summary of the invention
A kind of high specific gravity, good stability, on-deformable tungsten-bast alloy and preparation side thereof are it is an object of the invention to provide
Method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
The preparation method of a kind of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy, comprises the following steps:
(1) dispensing: weigh tungsten, nickel, iron metal powder mixing by certain weight ratio, obtain mixture A；
(2) dry grinding: mixture A is dry grinded, mix homogeneously；
(3) mixing granulator: by the mixture A processed through step (2) under nitrogen protection and with 10-15 turn/speed of min stirs
Mix, after preheating 20-25min under the conditions of 200-210 DEG C；Heat up and add plastic cement adjuvant and acetal resin (POM), then rising
After warm to 230-240 DEG C, put down pressing cover plate after insulation 5-10min, POM fusing and carry out banburying, start simultaneously at cooling, be cooled to
Continue banburying 10-15min after 200-210 DEG C uniform and smooth to material surface, then pass through Screw Extrusion after being cooled to 180-190 DEG C
And it is cut into pellet；
(4) injection: material is extrusion molding in mold cavity；
(5) defat；Use nitric acid catalysis degreasing.
(6) sintering: vacuum-sintering in graphite furnace or molybdenum formula stove.
Preferably, described tungsten metal accounts for the 20-96.5% of alloy gross weight, and nickel metal accounts for the 0.25-of alloy gross weight
40%；Ferrous metal accounts for the 0.1-40% of alloy gross weight.
Preferably, described nickel metal is 4:6-7:3 with the weight ratio of ferrous metal.
Preferably, in step (2), the speed of dry grinding is that 20-30 turns/min, and the time is 4-8h.
Preferably, described plastic cement adjuvant includes HDPE(high density polyethylene (HDPE)), EVA(ethylene-vinyl acetate), wax
With SA(stearic acid).
Preferably, acetal resin is 88:12-84:16 with the weight ratio of plastic cement adjuvant, wherein, and HDPE in plastic cement adjuvant:
The weight ratio of EVA: wax: SA is 7:2:2:1, acetal resin and the 8%-that total addition level is metal dust weight of plastic cement adjuvant
12%。
Preferably, the injection machine that step (4) is used need to use powder metallurgy bolt special, the temperature of gun barrel during its injection
Being set in 160-200 DEG C, injection pressure is 80-130Bar, and injection speed is at 35%-70%.
Preferably, the defat of step (5) is catalysis degreasing, is carried out in three steps, the first step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, by stove
The air of intracavity is got rid of clean；Second step, is passed through in furnace chamber after pure nitric acid aerosolization so that it is with the acetal resin in product
Produce chemical reaction, MIM is molded the acetal resin of more than 85% in base and is decomposed into formaldehyde gas discharge；3rd step: use nitrogen
Rinse furnace chamber, the acid mist remained in furnace chamber is rinsed well.
Preferably, the final vacuum≤0.1Pa of sintering furnace in step (6).Sintering is divided into three phases: the first stage,
Below 800 DEG C, after defat, in product blank, acetal resin and the plastic cement adjuvant of residual at high temperature gasify discharge；Second-order
Section, when 800-1420 DEG C, nickel metal and ferrous metal in blank at high temperature form liquid phase, incorporate wherein by tungsten metal, burn
Form type；Phase III, after in-furnace temperature is cooled to less than 70 DEG C, product is taken out.Sintering time is 23-26h.
A kind of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy, including following raw material by weight:
Tungsten powder 20-96.5%
Nickel by powder 0.25-40%
Iron powder 0.1-40%
Preferably, described nickel metal is 4:6-7:3 with the weight ratio of ferrous metal.
In tungsten nickel iron alloy, the sintering temperature of tungsten is higher, it is difficult to direct sintering molding, nickel and ferrum, as Binder Phase, burn
During knot, tungsten particle is bonded together formation alloy by nickel and ferrum fusing, and ferrum can reduce tungsten dissolubility in nickel, effectively stop
Form β brittlement phase, thus improve intensity and the toughness of tungsten alloy.The present inventor finds through research, nickel and the part by weight of ferrum
Time between 4:6 to 7:3, nickel and the ferrum liquid phase when sintering are substantially coincident, best to the dissolubility of tungsten, thus improve product
Intensity.
Owing to ferronickel powder meets high temperature easy firing, it is auxiliary that the present invention takes at low temperatures (200-210 DEG C) to be initially added into plastic cement
Material and POM so that metal dust is mixed homogeneously at a lower temperature with plastic cement adjuvant, POM, is warming up to 230-240 the most again
DEG C heat up after be incubated, make POM dissolve.Then banburying of lowering the temperature is carried out, it is to avoid POM volatilizees, and affects feeding quality.
Material injection temperature is 180-190 DEG C, and material toughness is low, and mold cavity is easier to cleaning, can avoid again simultaneously
Cause material to be fully cured owing to temperature of charge is the lowest, and cannot extrude.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention utilizes and moulds the technique of matrix system to make high-gravity tungsten base product, stability more preferably, product be unlikely to deform, make
Cycle is short, in hgher efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in further detail by embodiment below.Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but need not
Limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of a kind of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy, comprises the following steps:
(1) dispensing, weighs the tungsten powder of 7.31kg, the nickel by powder of 1.88kg, the iron powder mix of 0.81kg, obtains mixture
A；
(2) dry grinding: being dry grinded by mixture A, speed is 30 turns/min, dry grind 6h, mix homogeneously；
(3) mixing granulator: will stir with the speed of 15 turns/min under nitrogen protection through the mixture A that step (2) process,
After preheating 25min under the conditions of 200 DEG C；Heat up and add 107.2g plastic cement adjuvant (weight ratio of HDPE:EVA: wax: SA is 7:
2:2:1) and the acetal resin (POM) of 785g, after then heating to 230 DEG C, after insulation 10min, POM fusing, pressing lid is put down
Plate carries out banburying, starts simultaneously at cooling, continues banburying 15min uniform and smooth to material surface, then be cooled to after being cooled to 200 DEG C
Pass through Screw Extrusion after 180 DEG C and be cut into pellet；
(4) injection: after requiring to make mould according to product size and Material shrinkage rate, mould is loaded in injection machine, by step
(3) pellet prepared is put in injection machine hopper, is injected in mold cavity by the material of fusing by gun barrel, is allowed to molding；Tool
The injection parameters of body includes: the temperature of gun barrel is set in 160-200 DEG C, and injection pressure is 80-130Bar, and injection speed is at 35%-
70%；
(5) defat: catalysis degreasing is carried out in three steps, the first step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, the air in furnace chamber is got rid of clean；
Second step, is passed through in furnace chamber after pure nitric acid aerosolization so that it is produce chemical reaction with the acetal resin in product, by MIM
In injection base, the acetal resin of more than 80% is decomposed into formaldehyde gas discharge；3rd step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, by furnace chamber
The acid mist of residual is rinsed well；
(6) sintering: vacuum-sintering in graphite furnace, sintering is divided into three phases, first stage, below 800 DEG C, produces after defat
In product blank, acetal resin and the plastic cement adjuvant of residual at high temperature gasify discharge；Second stage, when 800-1410 DEG C, base
Nickel metal and ferrous metal in material at high temperature form liquid phase, incorporate wherein by tungsten metal, sinter molding；Phase III, by stove
Product is taken out after being cooled to less than 70 DEG C by interior temperature；Sintering time is 23-26h.
Using the high-gravity tungsten-base alloy that above-mentioned preparation method obtains, its performance parameter is as follows:
Product density: 14 ± 0.1g/cm3
Product hardness: HRC25 ± 5.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of a kind of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy, comprises the following steps:
(1) dispensing, weighs the tungsten powder of 9.65kg, the nickel by powder of 0.24kg, the iron powder mix of 0.11kg, obtains mixture A；
(2) dry grinding: being dry grinded by mixture A, speed is 30 turns/min, dry grind 6h, mix homogeneously；
(3) mixing granulator: will stir with the speed of 15 turns/min under nitrogen protection through the mixture A that step (2) process,
After preheating 20min under the conditions of 210 DEG C；Heat up and add 148g plastic cement adjuvant (weight ratio of HDPE:EVA: wax: SA is 7:2:
2:1) and the acetal resin (POM) of 778g, after then heating to 240 DEG C, after insulation 5min, POM fusing, pressing cover plate is put down
Carry out banburying, start simultaneously at cooling, continue banburying 10min after being cooled to 210 DEG C uniform and smooth to material surface, then be cooled to
Pass through Screw Extrusion after 190 DEG C and be cut into pellet；
(4) injection: after requiring to make mould according to product size and Material shrinkage rate, mould is loaded in injection machine, by step
(3) pellet prepared is put in injection machine hopper, is injected in mold cavity by the material of fusing by gun barrel, is allowed to molding.Tool
The injection parameters of body includes: the temperature of gun barrel is set in 160-200 DEG C, and injection pressure is 80-130Bar, and injection speed is at 35%-
70%；
(5) defat: catalysis degreasing is carried out in three steps, the first step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, the air in furnace chamber is got rid of clean；
Second step, is passed through in furnace chamber after pure nitric acid aerosolization so that it is produce chemical reaction with the acetal resin in product, by MIM
In injection base, the acetal resin of more than 85% is decomposed into formaldehyde gas discharge；3rd step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, by furnace chamber
The acid mist of residual is rinsed well；
(6) sintering: vacuum-sintering in graphite furnace, sintering is divided into three phases, first stage, below 800 DEG C, produces after defat
In product blank, acetal resin and the plastic cement adjuvant of residual at high temperature gasify discharge；Second stage, when 800-1410 DEG C, base
Nickel metal and ferrous metal in material at high temperature form liquid phase, incorporate wherein by tungsten metal, sinter molding；Phase III, by stove
Product is taken out after being cooled to less than 70 DEG C by interior temperature；Sintering time is 23-26h.
Using the high-gravity tungsten-base alloy that above-mentioned preparation method obtains, its performance parameter is as follows:
Product density: 18 ± 0.1g/cm3
Product hardness: HRC25 ± 5.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of a kind of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy, comprises the following steps:
(1) dispensing, weighs the tungsten powder of 6kg, the nickel by powder of 2.8kg, the iron powder mix of 1.2kg, obtains mixture A；
(2) dry grinding: being dry grinded by mixture A, speed is 30 turns/min, dry grind 6h, mix homogeneously；
(3) mixing granulator: will stir with the speed of 10 turns/min under nitrogen protection through the mixture A that step (2) process,
After preheating 25min under the conditions of 205 DEG C；Heat up and add 123g plastic cement adjuvant (weight ratio of HDPE:EVA: wax: SA is 7:2:
2:1) and the acetal resin (POM) of 900g, after then heating to 235 DEG C, after insulation 5-10min, POM fusing, pressing lid is put down
Plate carries out banburying, starts simultaneously at cooling, continues banburying uniform and smooth to material surface, then be cooled to 185 DEG C after being cooled to 205 DEG C
Pass through Screw Extrusion afterwards and be cut into pellet；
(4) injection: after requiring to make mould according to product size and Material shrinkage rate, mould is loaded in injection machine, by step
(3) pellet prepared is put in injection machine hopper, is injected in mold cavity by the material of fusing by gun barrel, is allowed to molding.Tool
The injection parameters of body includes: the temperature of gun barrel is set in 160-200 DEG C, and injection pressure is 80-130Bar, and injection speed is at 35%-
70%；
(5) defat: catalysis degreasing is carried out in three steps, the first step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, the air in furnace chamber is got rid of clean；
Second step, is passed through in furnace chamber after pure nitric acid aerosolization so that it is produce chemical reaction with the acetal resin in product, by MIM
In injection base, the acetal resin of more than 85% is decomposed into formaldehyde gas discharge；3rd step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, by furnace chamber
The acid mist of residual is rinsed well；
(6) sintering: vacuum-sintering in graphite furnace, sintering is divided into three phases, first stage, below 800 DEG C, produces after defat
In product blank, acetal resin and the plastic cement adjuvant of residual at high temperature gasify discharge；Second stage, when 800-1410 DEG C, base
Nickel metal and ferrous metal in material at high temperature form liquid phase, incorporate wherein by tungsten metal, sinter molding；Phase III, by stove
Product is taken out after being cooled to less than 70 DEG C by interior temperature；Sintering time is 23-26h.
Using the high-gravity tungsten-base alloy that above-mentioned preparation method obtains, its performance parameter is as follows:
Product density: 12 ± 0.1g/cm3
Product hardness: HRC25 ± 5.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a high-gravity tungsten-base alloy, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) dispensing: tungsten powder and carbonyl nickel powder, carbonyl iron dust that particle diameter is 2-3 μm are mixed, obtains mixture A；
(2) dry grinding: mixture A is dry grinded, mix homogeneously；
(3) mixing granulator: the mixture A processed through step (2) under nitrogen protection and is turned/the speed of min with 10-15
Stirring, after preheating 20-25min under the conditions of 200-210 DEG C；Heat up and add plastic cement adjuvant and acetal resin, being warming up to
After 230-240 DEG C, it is incubated 5-10min, carries out banburying after acetal resin fusing, start simultaneously at cooling, be cooled to 200-210 DEG C
Rear continuation banburying 10-15min is uniform and smooth to material surface, then by Screw Extrusion and be cut into grain after being cooled to 180-190 DEG C
Material；
(4) injection: material is extrusion molding in mold cavity；
(5) defat: use nitric acid catalysis degreasing；
(6) sintering: vacuum-sintering in graphite furnace or molybdenum formula stove.
The preparation method of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that tungsten powder accounts for alloy gross weight
The 20-96.5% of amount, nickel by powder accounts for the 0.25%-40% of alloy gross weight, and iron powder accounts for the 0.1%-40% of alloy gross weight, wherein,
Described nickel metal is 4:6-7:3 with the weight ratio of ferrous metal.
The preparation method of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that dry grinding in step (2)
Speed is that 20-30 turns/min, and the time is 4-8h.
The preparation method of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described plastic cement accessory package
Include HDPE, EVA, wax and SA.
5. according to the preparation method of the high-gravity tungsten-base alloy described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that acetal resin with
The weight ratio of plastic cement adjuvant is 88:12-84:16；Wherein, in plastic cement adjuvant, the weight ratio of HDPE:EVA: wax: SA is 7:2:2:
1, acetal resin and the 8%-12% that total addition level is metal dust weight of plastic cement adjuvant.
The preparation method of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) is used
Injection machine need to use powder metallurgy bolt special, and during its injection, the temperature of gun barrel is set in 160-200 DEG C, and injection pressure is 80-
130Bar, injection speed is at 35%-70%.
The preparation method of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the catalysis of step (5) takes off
Fat is carried out in three steps, the first step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, is got rid of by the air in furnace chamber clean；Second step, by pure nitric acid aerosol
Be passed through after change in furnace chamber so that it is produce chemical reaction with the acetal resin in product, MIM is molded in base more than 85% poly-
Formaldehyde resin is decomposed into formaldehyde gas and discharges；3rd step: be purged with nitrogen furnace chamber, rinses well the acid mist remained in furnace chamber.
The preparation method of high-gravity tungsten-base alloy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sintering furnace in step (6)
Final vacuum≤0.1Pa.
9. a high-gravity tungsten-base alloy, it is characterised in that include following raw material by weight:
Tungsten powder 20-96.5%
Nickel by powder 0.25%-40%
Iron powder 0.1%-40%.
High-gravity tungsten-base alloy the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described nickel metal and the weight of ferrous metal
Amount ratio is 4:6-7:3.
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