CN106273982A - 用于机动车辆座椅或者机动车辆内部的覆盖元件的形成 - Google Patents
用于机动车辆座椅或者机动车辆内部的覆盖元件的形成 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种制造用于机动车辆的覆盖元件的方法,包括以下步骤:在模具中布置由至少由织物、皮革、毛皮或合成材料制造的覆盖材料与在覆盖材料的后表面处的泡沫层形成的叠层,泡沫层集成加强元件。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求法国专利申请号15/56091的优先权,其内容通过法律可允许的最大程度整体地引用包含于此。
技术领域
本公开大体上涉及机动车辆并且,更具体地说涉及形成用于座椅元件(靠背、头靠、侧面座椅壳体等的后面板)或者用于车辆内部(门面板、顶篷、后架等)的内衬元件。本公开更具体地涉及形成具有其包括泡沫层的后表面的覆盖元件。
背景技术
机动车辆座椅的后面板与侧向壳体通常地由塑料注塑部分、覆盖的金属板伸展并且经由塑料型材附接到座椅的金属结构的衬里,或者此外通过使用附接到金属结构或者与座椅的前表面的垫衬物的盖子装配在一起的塑料框架形成。
本说明书适用的特定类型的后面板包括如与靠背的厚度相比相对薄的泡沫层,泡沫层覆盖有由皮革、毛皮、纺织或无纺织物、或合成材料等制成的覆盖材料,以限定后面板的明显表面。
在文献FR-A-2941657中描述了装配有此类型后面板的座椅靠背的实例。
发明内容
实施方式克服了用于形成用于覆盖在其后表面上装配有泡沫层的机动车辆的座椅或内部的元件的已知技术的缺点的全部或部分。
实施方式提供了加强此覆盖元件的机械耐性的解决方案。
由此,实施方式提供了制造用于机动车辆的覆盖元件的方法,包括以下步骤:
在模具中布置由至少由织物、皮革、毛皮或合成材料制成的覆盖材料与在覆盖材料的后表面侧上的泡沫层形成的叠层,泡沫层集成加强元件;以及
执行成形以限定覆盖元件的形状。
根据实施方式,加强元件是塑料、金属或玻璃纤维的片材。
根据实施方式,加强元件是选自1mm到2cm长的分段的自然或合成玻璃纤维的纤维。
根据实施方式:
加强元件放置在传送膜上;
泡沫喷射在加强元件与传送膜上;以及
泡沫-加强元件-传送膜组件布置在覆盖材料的后表面上。
根据实施方式:
加强元件放置在覆盖材料的后表面上;并且
泡沫喷射在加强元件与覆盖材料的后表面上。
根据实施方式,通过抽吸保持覆盖材料至少直到模具闭合。
根据实施方式,成形是冷成形。
根据实施方式,成形是热成形。
根据实施方式,覆盖元件包括具有不同密度和/或硬度的泡沫。
根据实施方式,覆盖元件是机动车辆座椅的靠背的后面板。
根据实施方式,覆盖元件是机动车辆的门面板或内部顶篷。
实施方式提供了用于机动车辆座椅的覆盖元件,其包括:
由织物、皮革、毛皮或合成材料制成的覆盖材料;以及
集成加强元件的泡沫层。
根据实施方式,通过执行所述方法获取覆盖元件。
根据实施方式,覆盖元件具有从1到50mm的范围的非均匀厚度。
实施方式提供了用于机动车辆的座椅元件,其包括覆盖元件。
实施方式提供了包括至少一个座椅元件的机动车辆座椅。
在下面的具体实施方式的非限定描述中将结合附图详细地说明上述以及其它特征与优点。
附图说明
图1是机动车辆座椅的简化侧视图;
图2是示出座椅靠背的后面板的实施方式的截面图;
图3A、图3B和图3C是示出盖子的实施方式的截面图;
图4是从图3A到图3C的实施方式导致的盖子的截面图;以及
图5A和图5B是示出根据另选实施方式的方法的步骤的截面图。
具体实施方式
为了清楚起见,仅示出了对于描述的实施方式有用的这些步骤与元件并且将进行详细描述。特别地,未详细地描述其它座椅元件的形成,所述的实施方式与附接到框架的垫衬物的任何通常形成是可相容的。
应该指出的是,在附图中,对于不同实施方式共用的结构和/或功能元件可以设计为具有相同的附图标记并且可以具有相同的结构、尺寸与材料特性。
在下面的描述中,当涉及限定绝对位置,诸如术语“前面”、“后面”、“顶部”、“底部”、“左”、“右”等,或者涉及限定相对位置,诸如术语“上方”、“下方”、“上端”、“下端”等时,或者涉及限定方向,诸如术语“水平”、“竖直”等的术语时,其涉及附图的定向。除非另外具体规定,“大致”、“基本上”、以及“以...的规格”意味着在10%以内优选地在5%以内。
图1是机动车辆座椅1的简化侧视图。此座椅包括具有接合到其的靠背14的座椅底部件12并且最通常地顶部具有头靠16。座椅底部件12、靠背14、与头靠16均包括紧固到它们的框架的通常地由金属制成的垫衬物。座椅底部件12的框架可以通过滑动轨道机构18连接到车辆的地板P。座椅1还可以包括一个或多个扶手(未示出)。
下文将涉及座椅1的靠背14的后面板。然而,除非另外地具体规定,在下文将要描述的全部更通常地适用于对其具有相同问题的任何覆盖元件,例如,座椅的侧向壳体、后头靠面板、车辆的门面板、车辆内部的顶篷(车顶)等。
图2是示出在上述文献FR-A-2941657中描述的类型的座椅靠背的后面板3的形成的截面图。
面板3由覆盖材料32的叠层形成,例如,由织物(纺织或无纺)、皮革、毛皮、或合成材料、以及泡沫层34制成。面板3限定靠背(图1,14)的后侧的最终形状与方面。特别地,泡沫层34使后面板3能够提供大于覆盖材料的刚性。此外,通过形成相对于明显表面凹入的区域(例如,用于地图袋)等,泡沫层34的形成使得能够例如根据泡沫层34的厚度、其曲率改变面板的形状(例如,标记F)。
如与塑料壳相比,此技术的优点尤其是重量增加,通过缝合到靠背盖的剩余部分的装配,以及容易制造。如与覆盖材料的展开件相比,优点尤其是通过使能够以最紧密地跟随靠背框架的金属结构的空间增加。此外,可以例如根据区域在后面板中设置不同的泡沫硬度和/或密度。覆盖元件3由此不仅限定形状而且还精加工覆盖元件的明显表面。
图3A、图3B和图3C是示出覆盖元件3的实施方式的截面图。图3A示出了制备泡沫层34的步骤。图3B示出了制备覆盖材料32的步骤。图3C示出了覆盖元件的形成。
图4是示出获得的盖子3的截面图。
在制备步骤中(图3A),例如由聚乙烯或聚丙烯制成的传送膜38在支撑框架44上展开。根据图3A的实例,纤维板33布置在传送膜上。然后,通过喷射工具46将泡沫342喷射在传送膜的第一表面上。传送膜38是柔性的并且如与喷射泡沫46的厚度相比具有相对小的厚度。在此状态中泡沫开始聚合在传送膜上。
在另一个制备步骤中(图3B),一件覆盖材料32布置在框架42中。然后,覆盖材料32在模具5(图3C)的冲模52上方展开或者形成按压,使得其冲模52与冲压件54限定期望用于覆盖元件3的形状。冲模52限定覆盖元件3的明显(外)表面。冲压件54限定覆盖元件的隐藏(内)表面。覆盖材料32布置为使得其明显表面抵靠冲模52。根据另选实施方式,覆盖材料32直接地定位在冲模52上并且例如通过点状伸展装置(例如装配在附接到滑轨的弹簧上的钩)紧固到那里。
图3A和图3B的制备步骤以任意顺序单独地执行。
然后(图3C),膜38-板33-泡沫342组件布置在覆盖材料32上,使得泡沫表面342抵靠覆盖材料32的后表面。然后在泡沫完全地聚合所需的时间内模具5闭合。在图3C的实例中,提供了冷成形并且然后获得泡沫开始在传送膜38上聚合的优点。此外,存在传送膜38避免了需要在冲压件54的侧面上提供模具释放剂,传送膜防止了泡沫粘附到冲压件54。在用于座椅元件的垫衬物的形成的情形中,传送膜38可以或可以不保持在覆盖元件3到盖子的剩余部分的组件上。
图4示出了从模具5取出的获得的盖子3。由于泡沫层34的厚度,导致盖子3保持由按压提供的形状。纤维板38为盖子3提供另外的刚性。
图5A和图5B是示出根据另选实施方式的步骤的截面图。图5A示出了图3A的制备泡沫层34的步骤的变型。图5B示出了图3C的盖子的形成的变型。
根据图5A的变型,通过玻璃纤维344或其它自然或合成纤维的部分(例如,从1mm到2cm长)替换纤维板,其喷射泡沫342或者在喷射泡沫342以前放置在传送膜38的表面处。
根据图5B的变型,不是必要地参照图5A,但是更加特别有利的是在其中泡沫直接地喷射在覆盖材料上的情形中执行热成形。例如,模具5以及更特别地模具的冲压件54被加热(通过加热元件58象征加热)。优选地在从40到80度的范围内的温度下执行热成形。
根据适用于热成形的未示出的另一个另选实施方式,可能地在纤维或纤维板布置在覆盖材料32的后侧上以后,将泡沫342直接地喷射在覆盖材料的后表面上。
根据未示出的又一个变型,形成模具5的冲模52包括抽吸通道。由此,通过抽吸抵靠冲模52布置覆盖材料以便定位。尤其当覆盖材料32由不同材料(例如,织物和乙烯基、具有不同颜色的织物等)形成时,这简化了在冲模中的装配线的标引。此外,冲压件54的功能然后限于形成泡沫342,同时不通过抽吸,冲压件54需要使覆盖材料32变型并且形成泡沫342。抽吸既不全部随着形成继续,也不是一旦模具闭合就停止。
获得的盖子3例如具有不必要均匀的从1到50毫米范围,优选地从2到25毫米范围的厚度。可以根据盖子的面积进一步改变此厚度。
加强元件(玻璃纤维、金属板、塑料板、玻璃纤维板等)不是必要地存在于全部盖子3上方。特别地,盖子的加固区域可能期望是局部的。
此外,考虑加强区域的布局,例如地图袋的形成。
已经描述了实施方式。本领域中的技术人员将会想到多种修改、变型、与改进。特别地,尽管已经参照后靠背面板的实例描述了此实施方式,它们更通常地适用于需要比接收乘员的前表面刚性的部分的任何座椅元件,并且更通常地适用于车辆的内部的任何覆盖。例如,其可以施加到车辆的后座椅的后面板或者甚至到行李箱内衬。此外,根据上文提供的功能指示所述实施方式的实际执行在本领域中的技术人员的能力内。
此修改、变型、改进旨在是本公开的一部分,并且旨在属于本发明的精神与范围内。因此,上面的描述仅仅是通过实例的方式并且不旨在是限定的。本发明仅限于如在下面权利要求和其等效物中限定的。
Claims (15)
1.一种制造用于机动车辆的覆盖元件(3)的方法,包括以下步骤:
在模具(5)中布置由至少由织物、皮革、毛皮或合成材料制成的覆盖材料(32)与在所述覆盖材料的后表面处的泡沫层(342)形成的叠层,所述泡沫层集成有加强元件(33,344);以及
执行成形以限定所述覆盖元件的形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述加强元件是由塑料、金属或玻璃纤维制成的片材(33)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述加强元件是1mm到2cm长的分段的选自自然或合成玻璃纤维(344)的纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中:
所述加强元件(33,344)放置在传送膜(38)上;
所述泡沫(342)喷射在所述加强元件与所述传送膜上;以及
所述泡沫-加强元件-传送膜组件布置在所述覆盖材料(32)的后表面上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中:
所述加强元件(33,344)放置在所述覆盖材料(32)的后表面处;并且
所述泡沫(342)喷射在所述加强元件与所述覆盖材料的后表面上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中通过抽吸保持所述覆盖材料(32)至少直到所述模具(5)闭合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述成形是冷成形。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述成形是热成形。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述覆盖元件(3)包括具有不同密度和/或硬度的泡沫。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述覆盖元件是机动车辆座椅(1)的靠背(14)的后面板。
11.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中所述覆盖元件是机动车辆的门面板或者内部顶篷。
12.一种用于机动车辆座椅的覆盖元件(3),包括:
由织物、皮革、毛皮或合成材料制成的覆盖材料(32);以及
集成有加强元件(33;344)的泡沫层(34),
通过实施权利要求1的方法获得所述覆盖元件。
13.根据权利要求12所述的覆盖元件,其具有在1到50nm范围内的非均匀厚度。
14.一种机动车辆座椅元件,其包括权利要求12所述的覆盖元件(3)。
15.一种机动车辆座椅,其包括权利要求14所述的至少一个座椅元件。
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