CN106270512A - 3D prints support slurry, metal paste and the Method of printing of metal labyrinth - Google Patents

3D prints support slurry, metal paste and the Method of printing of metal labyrinth Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106270512A
CN106270512A CN201610800736.6A CN201610800736A CN106270512A CN 106270512 A CN106270512 A CN 106270512A CN 201610800736 A CN201610800736 A CN 201610800736A CN 106270512 A CN106270512 A CN 106270512A
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China
Prior art keywords
mass fraction
fraction ratio
metal
slurry
paraffin
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Chinese (zh)
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熊玮
郝亮
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China University of Geosciences
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China University of Geosciences
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Priority to CN201610800736.6A priority Critical patent/CN106270512A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/43—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of 3D and print support slurry, metal paste and the Method of printing of metal labyrinth, difference filling metal slurry and support slurry in many shower nozzles 3D printer storing or pay-off；Instruct according to Mechanical course, extrude metal paste respectively printing base plate relevant position and support slurry；Printhead is raised or is printed base plate and reduces certain distance, extrudes metal paste and support slurry according to Mechanical course instruction the most respectively in relevant position, is allowed to be superimposed on preceding layer metal paste and support on slurry.Instructing according to Mechanical course with this, metal paste is layering with supporting slurry, prints until completing model；By a series of postprocessing working procedures, remove and support slurry and make metal paste sinter the metal parts of densification into, complete the making of labyrinth metal parts.The support slurry of the present invention is easily removed from metal parts, for the 3D printing shaping more advantage of complicated metal structure.

Description

3D prints support slurry, metal paste and the Method of printing of metal labyrinth
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of 3D and print support slurry, metal paste and the Method of printing of metal labyrinth, belong to 3D Printing technique and technology field.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of 3D printing technique in recent years, its technology has been manufacturing, particularly aviation, medical treatment, The industry such as racing car, fashion, is filled with new innovation vigor, this technology can realize the high complicated and quickly exploitation of premium quality product and Producing, and reduce its production cost, it is achieved small lot, the repetition metaplasia of small batch is produced, and creates high added value.
It is that 3D prints field the most popular in research that 3D prints metal material, has fabulous application prospect.Mesh Front 3D prints metal material and mainly uses selective laser melted (SLM), selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing technique Print metal material 3D model.Its method can print metal material model with degree of precision, but has in terms of supporting removal Common drawback.The purpose supported in being similar to build a house, build or the interim support column of bridge construction is built by interim scaffold, and this makes Print labyrinth metal pattern do not support because of lower section and can not be at relevant position 3D printing shaping.And due to SLM, SLS The limitation of 3D Method of printing so that still use metal material when printing metal objects and supporting.Which results in 3D removes when metal supports the most difficult after having printed, limit degree of freedom and the complexity printing moulding.3D printing gold Belong to material price higher, also result in certain waste in this, as the backing material in printing, be unfavorable for reducing cost.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of 3D print metal labyrinth support slurry, Metal paste and Method of printing so that print and use more cheap nonmetallic materials, beneficially later stage supporting part when supporting Divide and remove from metal parts more easily.Meanwhile, the method for the present invention is for complicated metal structure particularly internal pipeline knot Structure, loose structure, engraved structure, hollow structure, the 3D printing shaping more advantage of movable structure.
The present invention solves that its technical problem be the technical scheme is that and provide one for 3D printing metal complexity The support slurry of structure, the one in described support slurry employing formula as below:
(r1) mass fraction ratio is paraffin and the palm wax of 70 ± 29:30 ± 29；
(r2) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 70 ± 19:20 ± 10:10 ± 9, microwax and butanone；
(r3) mass fraction ratio is the polypropylene of 57 ± 40:32 ± 30:11 ± 10, microwax and stearic acid；
(r4) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 43 ± 21:23 ± 10:33 ± 10:2 ± 1, polyethylene, Cera Flava and stearic acid；
(r5) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polypropylene, palm wax and tristearin Acid；
(r6) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polyethylene, palm wax and tristearin Acid；
(r7) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polybutene, palm wax and tristearin Acid；
(r8) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 35 ± 18:55 ± 10:5 ± 4:5 ± 4, vegetable oil, polyethylene and tristearin Acid；
(r9) mass fraction ratio is the epoxy resin of 55 ± 43:35 ± 34:10 ± 9, paraffin and butyl stearate；
(r10) mass fraction ratio is polypropylene and the Semen arachidis hypogaeae rice flour of 25 ± 24:75 ± 24；
(r11) mass fraction ratio is palm wax and the polyethylene of 50 ± 40:50 ± 40；
(r12) mass fraction ratio is the polyethylene of 25 ± 20:65 ± 11:10 ± 9, paraffin and stearic acid；
(r13) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 48 ± 45:35 ± 30:17 ± 15, mineral oil and vegetable oil；
(r14) mass fraction ratio is aniline and the paraffin of 98 ± 1:2 ± 1；
(r15) mass fraction ratio is the water of 56 ± 25:25 ± 10:13 ± 10:6 ± 5, methylcellulose, glycerol and boric acid；
(r16) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 72 ± 21:15 ± 10:10 ± 9:3 ± 2, polyphenyl alkene, polyethylene and hard Fat acid；
(r17) mass fraction ratio is the agar of 4 ± 3:3 ± 2:93 ± 1, G & W；
(r18) mass fraction ratio is the polyethylene glycol of 65 ± 24:30 ± 20:5 ± 4, polyvinyl butyral resin and hard Fat acid；
(r19) mass fraction ratio is the sugar alcohol of 61 ± 26:7 ± 6:20 ± 10:12 ± 10, polyvinyl butyral resin, sweet ammonia Acid and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase；
(r20) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 70 ± 23:15 ± 10:10 ± 9:10 ± 9, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid And dibutyl phthalate；
(r21) mass fraction ratio be the polystyrene of 65 ± 26:16 ± 10:12 ± 10:7 ± 6, polyethylene, stearic acid and Diethyl phthalate；
(r22) mass fraction ratio is the polymethyl methacrylate of 56 ± 20:24 ± 10:20 ± 10, ethylene vinyl acetate second Alkene ester and stearic acid；
(r23) mass fraction ratio is polymethyl methacrylate and the phthalate of 46 ± 30:54 ± 30；
(r24) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 68 ± 20:10 ± 9:20 ± 10:2 ± 1, palm wax, ethylene-vinyl acetate Ester and stearic acid；
(r25) mass fraction ratio is that the paraffin of 40 ± 29:30 ± 10:20 ± 10:10 ± 9, ethylene vinyl acetate are common Polymers, methylmethacrylate copolymer and dibutyl phthalate；
(r26) mass fraction ratio is polyacetylene and the polyethylene of 90 ± 9:10 ± 9；
(r27) mass fraction ratio is the water of 86 ± 12:11 ± 10:3 ± 2, diacetic acid glycerine ester and sodium silicate；
(r28) mass fraction ratio is the antifebrin of 70 ± 24:20 ± 15:10 ± 9, polystyrene and stearic acid；
(r29) mass fraction ratio is the wax of 22 ± 20:28 ± 20:34 ± 51:14 ± 10:2 ± 1, Polyethylene Glycol, polybutene Acid esters, metacetaldehyde and stearic acid；
(r30) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 60 ± 29:30 ± 20:10 ± 9, polypropylene and palm wax.
(r31) mass fraction ratio is the polylactic acid of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r32) mass fraction ratio is the ABS plastic of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r33) mass fraction ratio is the HIPS plastic of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r34) mass fraction ratio is PS plastics, paraffin and the palm wax of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4；
(r35) mass fraction ratio is the polyvinyl alcohol of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r36) mass fraction ratio is the polypropylene of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax.
Invention also provides a kind of metal pulp printing metal labyrinth for 3D based on described support slurry Material, is made up of support slurry and metal dust, and described metal dust is by ad eundem particle diameter, different size particle diameter, different metal kind The powder mixing of class, metal dust shared volume fraction in metal paste is 50～90.
In described metal dust, the gross mass of powders A and powder B accounts for more than the 95% of metal dust gross mass, powders A and The mass ratio of powder B is 1:1～9:1, in powders A in granule and powder B the mean diameter of granule than for 3:1～7:1.
Invention also provides a kind of 3D based on described metal paste print metal labyrinth method, including with Lower step:
(1) in the different shower nozzles of many shower nozzles 3D printer, above-mentioned metal paste and above-mentioned support slurry, institute are loaded respectively The slurry that supports of filling uses different formulations with the support slurry in metal paste；
(2) according to the Mechanical course instruction arranged, extrude from nozzle respectively printing base plate relevant position or eject gold Belong to slurry and/or support slurry；
(3) unit distance that base plate reduction is arranged is raised or printed to printhead, instructs according to Mechanical course, in relevant position The most again extrude or eject metal paste and/or support slurry, making two kinds of slurries be superimposed on preceding layer slurry, repeating this Step is until completing model and printing；
(4) support slurry is removed；
(5) metal paste is carried out defat and sintering, complete the making of labyrinth metal parts.
Step (1) described many shower nozzles 3D printer, is to inject extruding technology, many shower nozzles of pulp jets technology based on slurry 3D printer；If step (2) uses from nozzle extrusion metal paste and supports slurry, then select screw, fluid pressure type, piston One in the extrusion way of formula, vapour-pressure type, creeping motion type and gear type slurry；According to ejecting metal paste from nozzle and propping up Support slurry, then use the one in electric field gauche form, valve-regulated, thermal bubble type, voltage-type and electrostatic pulp jets mode.
Step (2) described according to arrange Mechanical course instruction, print base plate relevant position respectively from nozzle extrusion or Eject metal paste and/or support slurry, specifically including procedure below:
(2-1) the digitized 3D model of metal parts to be printed is carried out hierarchy slicing: by digitized 3D model with flat Model is cut into slices by row in the N number of plane printing base plate, makes digitized 3D model be divided into the N+1 layer, every layer thickness to be 0.01mm～10mm；
(2-2) extrude or eject metal paste at current printable layer and/or support slurry, the print position of metal paste Metal parts the most to be printed and the sectional position of slice plane, the print position supporting slurry is any above current printable layer Layer has the position that metal parts is unsettled；
Step (3) described unit distance is the every thick layer by layer of digitized 3D model.
The slurry that supports of step (2-3) prints to latticed, porose column or the entity of parallel stripes shape.
In step (2), first print in the rational height printing base plate and support slurry.
The described removal of step (4) supports slurry, uses physical instrument removal method, solution soaking dissolution method or furnace melting One in method.
Step (5) is described carries out defat to metal paste, utilize the one in following methods or two or more simultaneously or successively Use:
(d1) thermal debinding method based on adsorption mechanism；
(d2) based on the atmosphere thermal debinding method increased under atmosphere under heat resolve Mechanism of Degreasing；
(d3) based on the Vacuum Heat defat method under heat resolve Mechanism of Degreasing in vacuum；
(d4) the oxidation defat method under intensity Mechanism of Degreasing is provided based on heating in air and oxide powder；
(d5) based on immersing the immersion defat method that in solvent, part 30:35 is dissolved under Mechanism of Degreasing；
(d6) the condensed steam defat method under specimen surface Mechanism of Degreasing is condensed to after evaporating based on solvent；
(d7) coexist supercritical defat method under Mechanism of Degreasing based on solvent liquid, gaseous state；
(d8) the catalysis degreasing method under thermal cracking Mechanism of Degreasing is added based in catalysis atmosphere.
The present invention is had advantageous effect in that based on its technical scheme:
(1) the support slurry of the present invention does not contains metal, with thermoplastic, thermosets, waxiness class, gel-like material Material is main, with macromolecular compound as main component, presents the pulp-like of melted thickness at a certain temperature, and extrudes from nozzle Or can rapid solidification after ejecting；Owing to backing material is the most nonmetal, so being easier to when the later stage supports and removes；
(2), in the metal paste of the present invention, the mixing of different-grain diameter metal dust is obtained in that more preferable metal product quality, Bulky grain and little granular metal powder diameter ratio between 3:1 to 7:1, bulky grain and little granular mass than 5:5 to 9:1 it Between, after metal paste sinters, there is higher intensity and density, concrete ratio can be according to its metal dust character, powder matter The factors such as amount, grain shape determine；
(3), in the metal paste of the present invention, dissimilar metals mixed-powder can form alloy when the later stage sinters.Have Help improve metallicity or change metallic luster；
(4) present invention supports slurry from the purpose reducing waste quickening 3D print speed, support slurry print area Need not Print All are fine and close support slurry entity, porous can be printed to according to the angle of inclination of metal objects overhead positions Latticed, porose column or the entity of parallel stripes shape；
(5) first the present invention prints in the rational height printing base plate and supports slurry, advantageously reduces printing base plate not Smooth and affect the problem of print quality, after the most beneficially printing completes more easily from print base plate take out printing objects and Do not damage metallic print model；
(6) present invention uses more cheap nonmetallic materials when printing support, and beneficially later stage support section is more square Just removing from metal parts, meanwhile, the method for the present invention is for complicated metal structure particularly inner tubular structure, porous Structure, engraved structure, hollow structure, the 3D printing shaping more advantage of movable structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the implementation process view of the method printing metal labyrinth for 3D in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides and provide a kind of support slurry printing metal labyrinth for 3D, described support slurry is adopted One with in formula as below:
(r1) mass fraction ratio is paraffin and the palm wax of 70 ± 29:30 ± 29；
(r2) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 70 ± 19:20 ± 10:10 ± 9, microwax and butanone；
(r3) mass fraction ratio is the polypropylene of 57 ± 40:32 ± 30:11 ± 10, microwax and stearic acid；
(r4) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 43 ± 21:23 ± 10:33 ± 10:2 ± 1, polyethylene, Cera Flava and stearic acid；
(r5) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polypropylene, palm wax and tristearin Acid；
(r6) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polyethylene, palm wax and tristearin Acid；
(r7) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polybutene, palm wax and tristearin Acid；
(r8) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 35 ± 18:55 ± 10:5 ± 4:5 ± 4, vegetable oil, polyethylene and tristearin Acid；
(r9) mass fraction ratio is the epoxy resin of 55 ± 43:35 ± 34:10 ± 9, paraffin and butyl stearate；
(r10) mass fraction ratio is polypropylene and the Semen arachidis hypogaeae rice flour of 25 ± 24:75 ± 24；
(r11) mass fraction ratio is palm wax and the polyethylene of 50 ± 40:50 ± 40；
(r12) mass fraction ratio is the polyethylene of 25 ± 20:65 ± 11:10 ± 9, paraffin and stearic acid；
(r13) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 48 ± 45:35 ± 30:17 ± 15, mineral oil and vegetable oil；
(r14) mass fraction ratio is aniline and the paraffin of 98 ± 1:2 ± 1；
(r15) mass fraction ratio is the water of 56 ± 25:25 ± 10:13 ± 10:6 ± 5, methylcellulose, glycerol and boric acid；
(r16) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 72 ± 21:15 ± 10:10 ± 9:3 ± 2, polyphenyl alkene, polyethylene and hard Fat acid；
(r17) mass fraction ratio is the agar of 4 ± 3:3 ± 2:93 ± 1, G & W；
(r18) mass fraction ratio is the polyethylene glycol of 65 ± 24:30 ± 20:5 ± 4, polyvinyl butyral resin and hard Fat acid；
(r19) mass fraction ratio is the sugar alcohol of 61 ± 26:7 ± 6:20 ± 10:12 ± 10, polyvinyl butyral resin, sweet ammonia Acid and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase；
(r20) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 70 ± 23:15 ± 10:10 ± 9:10 ± 9, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid And dibutyl phthalate；
(r21) mass fraction ratio be the polystyrene of 65 ± 26:16 ± 10:12 ± 10:7 ± 6, polyethylene, stearic acid and Diethyl phthalate；
(r22) mass fraction ratio is the polymethyl methacrylate of 56 ± 20:24 ± 10:20 ± 10, ethylene vinyl acetate second Alkene ester and stearic acid；
(r23) mass fraction ratio is polymethyl methacrylate and the phthalate of 46 ± 30:54 ± 30；
(r24) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 68 ± 20:10 ± 9:20 ± 10:2 ± 1, palm wax, ethylene-vinyl acetate Ester and stearic acid；
(r25) mass fraction ratio is that the paraffin of 40 ± 29:30 ± 10:20 ± 10:10 ± 9, ethylene vinyl acetate are common Polymers, methylmethacrylate copolymer and dibutyl phthalate；
(r26) mass fraction ratio is polyacetylene and the polyethylene of 90 ± 9:10 ± 9；
(r27) mass fraction ratio is the water of 86 ± 12:11 ± 10:3 ± 2, diacetic acid glycerine ester and sodium silicate；
(r28) mass fraction ratio is the antifebrin of 70 ± 24:20 ± 15:10 ± 9, polystyrene and stearic acid；
(r29) mass fraction ratio is the wax of 22 ± 20:28 ± 20:34 ± 51:14 ± 10:2 ± 1, Polyethylene Glycol, polybutene Acid esters, metacetaldehyde and stearic acid；
(r30) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 60 ± 29:30 ± 20:10 ± 9, polypropylene and palm wax.
(r31) mass fraction ratio is the polylactic acid of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r32) mass fraction ratio is the ABS plastic of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r33) mass fraction ratio is the HIPS plastic of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r34) mass fraction ratio is PS plastics, paraffin and the palm wax of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4；
(r35) mass fraction ratio is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), paraffin and the palm wax of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4；
(r36) mass fraction ratio is polypropylene (PP), paraffin and the palm wax of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4.
Invention also provides a kind of metal pulp printing metal labyrinth for 3D based on described support slurry Material, it is characterised in that formed by supporting slurry and metal dust, described metal dust by ad eundem particle diameter, different size particle diameter, The powder mixing of different metal kind, metal dust shared volume fraction in metal paste is 50～90.
Described metal dust is mainly made up of oarse-grained powders A and short grained powder B, wherein powders A and powder B Gross mass accounts for more than the 95% of metal dust gross mass, and the mass ratio of powders A and powder B is 1:1～9:1, in powders A granule and In powder B, the mean diameter of granule is than for 3:1～7:1.
Owing to rarely powder manufacturer can produce the powder of real uniform particle size, in same specification, the most simply energy The predominantly powder of which particle diameter, mixes other the most different metals it is also feasible that mixing of other particle diameters is the most normal See.End product is had little to no effect by mixed little by little the third powder.
Invention also provides a kind of method that 3D based on described metal paste prints metal labyrinth, with reference to figure 1, comprise the following steps:
(1) as shown at s 1, at the different shower nozzles (i.e. the storage device of printer or pay-off) of many shower nozzles 3D printer Middle loading above-mentioned metal paste and above-mentioned support slurry respectively, the slurry that supports loaded is adopted with the support slurry in metal paste Use different formulations；
Wherein, the metal dust in metal paste selects 5um copper powder to mix with 1um copper powder, 5um copper powder and 1um copper powder matter Amount than be 7:3, in metal paste support slurry formula be: mass fraction and component are followed successively by: 80 paraffin, 9 polypropylene, 10 Palm wax and 1 stearic acid, the formula supporting slurry of 3D printer model support section is: mass fraction and component are followed successively by: 60 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 35 paraffin and 5 palm waxs.
Described many shower nozzles 3D printer, is to print based on slurry injection extruding technology, many shower nozzles 3D of pulp jets technology Machine；If step (2) uses from nozzle extrusion metal paste and supports slurry, then select screw, fluid pressure type, piston type, air pressure One in the extrusion way of formula, creeping motion type and gear type slurry；According to ejecting metal paste from nozzle and supporting slurry, Then use the one in electric field gauche form, valve-regulated, thermal bubble type, voltage-type and electrostatic pulp jets mode.
(2) according to the Mechanical course instruction arranged, extrude from nozzle respectively printing base plate relevant position or eject gold Belong to slurry and/or support slurry；Specifically include procedure below:
(2-1) the digitized 3D model layers of metal parts to be printed is cut into slices: by digitized 3D model to be parallel to Print base plate N number of plane model is cut into slices, make digitized 3D model be divided into N+1 layer, every layer thickness be 0.01mm～ 10mm；
Specifically can be by carrying out hierarchy slicing by 3D print system or software, being then converted to 3D printing device can know Other instruction code, transmission to 3D printing device performs printing；
(2-2) extrude or eject metal paste at current printable layer and/or support slurry, the print position of metal paste Metal parts the most to be printed and the sectional position of slice plane, the print position supporting slurry is any above current printable layer Layer has the position that metal parts is unsettled；
As shown in S2 and S3 in Fig. 1, ground floor is printed with metal paste simultaneously and supports slurry, in the middle part of the second layer Also it is that in place of metal parts needs to print, for ground floor, this layer of metal parts is unsettled, the therefore metal of corresponding ground floor The unsettled position of part needs to print metal paste.
Support slurry and print to latticed, porose column or the entity of parallel stripes shape.
In this step, first print in the rational height printing base plate and support slurry, in the present embodiment, at 3D impression block Type design attitude promotes 3 thickness distances in Z-direction, and making during initial 3 layers of printing is all to support slurry.This advantageously reduces printing Base plate out-of-flatness and affect the problem of print quality, after the most beneficially printing completes more easily from print base plate take out print Object and do not damage metallic print model.
(3) unit distance (i.e. digitized 3D model is every the thickest) that base plate reduction is arranged is raised or printed to printhead, Instruct according to Mechanical course, the most again extrude or eject metal paste in relevant position and/or support slurry, making two kinds of slurries Material is superimposed on preceding layer slurry, repeats this step until completing model and printing；
In the present embodiment, printhead raises 0.2mm along Z-direction, again divides in relevant position according to Mechanical course instruction Don't push goes out metal paste and supports slurry, is allowed to be superimposed on preceding layer metal paste and support on slurry.With this according to machinery Control instruction, metal paste is layering with supporting slurry, until the model completing N+1 layer prints.
(4) a kind of removal in physical instrument removal method, solution soaking dissolution method or furnace melting method is used to support slurry Material, wherein physical instrument removal method supports slurry for using the apparatuses such as clipper, cutter, grinding tool to remove；Solution soaking dissolution method depends on According to supporting grout material character, printing objects is positioned in the solution of solubilized support slurry soak to dissolve to remove to support and starches Material；Furnace melting method be according to support grout material character, printing objects is positioned in electric furnace, make support slurry fusing thus Remove and support slurry；
The backing material selected in the present embodiment is mainly composed of PVA plastics, and PVA plastics have the characteristic being dissolved in water, Printing objects is positioned in water immersion and dissolves removal support slurry.
(5) metal paste is carried out defat and sintering, completes the making of labyrinth metal parts:
Described metal paste is carried out defat, utilize the one in following methods or two or more simultaneously or successively use:
(d1) thermal debinding method based on adsorption mechanism；
(d2) based on the atmosphere thermal debinding method increased under atmosphere under heat resolve Mechanism of Degreasing；
(d3) based on the Vacuum Heat defat method under heat resolve Mechanism of Degreasing in vacuum；
(d4) the oxidation defat method under intensity Mechanism of Degreasing is provided based on heating in air and oxide powder；
(d5) based on immersing the immersion defat method that in solvent, part 30:35 is dissolved under Mechanism of Degreasing；
(d6) the condensed steam defat method under specimen surface Mechanism of Degreasing is condensed to after evaporating based on solvent；
(d7) coexist supercritical defat method under Mechanism of Degreasing based on solvent liquid, gaseous state；
(d8) the catalysis degreasing method under thermal cracking Mechanism of Degreasing is added based in catalysis atmosphere.
The present embodiment uses printing objects to be positioned in activated carbon and is slowly heated to 200 DEG C at electric furnace, makes 30:35 hot melt And ooze out from metal paste and to be adsorbed by activated carbon powder；
Finally printing objects is continued to be positioned over and activated carbon is slowly heated to 950 DEG C at electric furnace completes metal sintering, To the metal parts as shown in S4.

Claims (10)

1. the support slurry printing metal labyrinth for 3D, it is characterised in that described support slurry uses formula as below In one:
(r1) mass fraction ratio is paraffin and the palm wax of 70 ± 29:30 ± 29；
(r2) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 70 ± 19:20 ± 10:10 ± 9, microwax and butanone；
(r3) mass fraction ratio is the polypropylene of 57 ± 40:32 ± 30:11 ± 10, microwax and stearic acid；
(r4) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 43 ± 21:23 ± 10:33 ± 10:2 ± 1, polyethylene, Cera Flava and stearic acid；
(r5) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polypropylene, palm wax and stearic acid；
(r6) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polyethylene, palm wax and stearic acid；
(r7) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 63 ± 34:20 ± 19:15 ± 14:2 ± 1, polybutene, palm wax and stearic acid；
(r8) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 35 ± 18:55 ± 10:5 ± 4:5 ± 4, vegetable oil, polyethylene and stearic acid；
(r9) mass fraction ratio is the epoxy resin of 55 ± 43:35 ± 34:10 ± 9, paraffin and butyl stearate；
(r10) mass fraction ratio is polypropylene and the Semen arachidis hypogaeae rice flour of 25 ± 24:75 ± 24；
(r11) mass fraction ratio is palm wax and the polyethylene of 50 ± 40:50 ± 40；
(r12) mass fraction ratio is the polyethylene of 25 ± 20:65 ± 11:10 ± 9, paraffin and stearic acid；
(r13) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 48 ± 45:35 ± 30:17 ± 15, mineral oil and vegetable oil；
(r14) mass fraction ratio is aniline and the paraffin of 98 ± 1:2 ± 1；
(r15) mass fraction ratio is the water of 56 ± 25:25 ± 10:13 ± 10:6 ± 5, methylcellulose, glycerol and boric acid；
(r16) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 72 ± 21:15 ± 10:10 ± 9:3 ± 2, polyphenyl alkene, polyethylene and tristearin Acid；
(r17) mass fraction ratio is the agar of 4 ± 3:3 ± 2:93 ± 1, G & W；
(r18) mass fraction ratio is the polyethylene glycol of 65 ± 24:30 ± 20:5 ± 4, polyvinyl butyral resin and stearic acid；
(r19) mass fraction ratio be the sugar alcohol of 61 ± 26:7 ± 6:20 ± 10:12 ± 10, polyvinyl butyral resin, glycine and Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase；
(r20) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 70 ± 23:15 ± 10:10 ± 9:10 ± 9, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid and neighbour Phthalic acid dibutyl ester；
(r21) mass fraction ratio is the polystyrene of 65 ± 26:16 ± 10:12 ± 10:7 ± 6, polyethylene, stearic acid and adjacent benzene Dicarboxylate；
(r22) mass fraction ratio is the polymethyl methacrylate of 56 ± 20:24 ± 10:20 ± 10, ethylene vinyl acetate And stearic acid；
(r23) mass fraction ratio is polymethyl methacrylate and the phthalate of 46 ± 30:54 ± 30；
(r24) mass fraction ratio be the paraffin of 68 ± 20:10 ± 9:20 ± 10:2 ± 1, palm wax, ethylene vinyl acetate and Stearic acid；
(r25) mass fraction ratio be the paraffin of 40 ± 29:30 ± 10:20 ± 10:10 ± 9, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, Methylmethacrylate copolymer and dibutyl phthalate；
(r26) mass fraction ratio is polyacetylene and the polyethylene of 90 ± 9:10 ± 9；
(r27) mass fraction ratio is the water of 86 ± 12:11 ± 10:3 ± 2, diacetic acid glycerine ester and sodium silicate；
(r28) mass fraction ratio is the antifebrin of 70 ± 24:20 ± 15:10 ± 9, polystyrene and stearic acid；
(r29) mass fraction ratio is the wax of 22 ± 20:28 ± 20:34 ± 51:14 ± 10:2 ± 1, Polyethylene Glycol, polybutene acid Ester, metacetaldehyde and stearic acid；
(r30) mass fraction ratio is the paraffin of 60 ± 29:30 ± 20:10 ± 9, polypropylene and palm wax.
(r31) mass fraction ratio is the polylactic acid of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r32) mass fraction ratio is the ABS plastic of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r33) mass fraction ratio is the HIPS plastic of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r34) mass fraction ratio is PS plastics, paraffin and the palm wax of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4；
(r35) mass fraction ratio is the polyvinyl alcohol of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax；
(r36) mass fraction ratio is the polypropylene of 60 ± 30:35 ± 26:5 ± 4, paraffin and palm wax.
2. the metal paste printing metal labyrinth for 3D based on support slurry described in claim 1, its feature Being to be made up of support slurry and metal dust, described metal dust is by ad eundem particle diameter, different size particle diameter, different metal kind The powder mixing of class, metal dust shared volume fraction in metal paste is 50～90.
Metal paste the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: powders A and total matter of powder B in described metal dust Amount accounts for more than the 95% of metal dust gross mass, and the mass ratio of powders A and powder B is 1:1～9:1, granule and powder in powders A In B, the mean diameter of granule is than for 3:1～7:1.
4. the method that a 3D based on metal paste described in claim 2 prints metal labyrinth, it is characterised in that include Following steps:
(1) in the different shower nozzles of many shower nozzles 3D printer, metal paste described in claim 2 and claim 1 institute are loaded respectively Stating support slurry, the slurry that supports loaded uses different formulations with the support slurry in metal paste；
(2) according to the Mechanical course instruction arranged, extrude from nozzle respectively printing base plate relevant position or eject metal pulp Material and/or support slurry；
(3) unit distance that base plate reduction is arranged is raised or printed to printhead, instructs according to Mechanical course, in relevant position respectively Again extrude or eject metal paste and/or support slurry, making two kinds of slurries be superimposed on preceding layer slurry, repeat this step Print until completing model；
(4) support slurry is removed；
(5) metal paste is carried out defat and sintering, complete the making of labyrinth metal parts.
3D the most according to claim 4 prints the method for metal labyrinth, it is characterised in that: the described many sprays of step (1) Head 3D printer, is to inject extruding technology, many shower nozzles 3D printer of pulp jets technology based on slurry；If step (2) uses From nozzle extrusion metal paste and support slurry, then select screw, fluid pressure type, piston type, vapour-pressure type, creeping motion type and gear type One in the extrusion way of slurry；According to from nozzle eject metal paste and support slurry, then use electric field gauche form, One in valve-regulated, thermal bubble type, voltage-type and electrostatic pulp jets mode.
3D the most according to claim 4 prints the method for metal labyrinth, it is characterised in that: step (2) described foundation The Mechanical course instruction arranged, extrudes from nozzle respectively printing base plate relevant position or ejects metal paste and/or support Slurry, specifically includes procedure below:
(2-1) the digitized 3D model of metal parts to be printed is carried out hierarchy slicing: by digitized 3D model to be parallel to Print base plate N number of plane model is cut into slices, make digitized 3D model be divided into N+1 layer, every layer thickness be 0.01mm～ 10mm；
(2-2) extruding or eject metal paste at current printable layer and/or support slurry, the print position of metal paste is not treated The metal parts printed and the sectional position of slice plane, the print position supporting slurry is random layer tool above current printable layer There is the position that metal parts is unsettled；
Step (3) described unit distance is the every thick layer by layer of digitized 3D model.
3D the most according to claim 6 prints the method for metal labyrinth, it is characterised in that: the support of step (2-3) Slurry prints to latticed, porose column or the entity of parallel stripes shape.
3D the most according to claim 4 prints the method for metal labyrinth, it is characterised in that: in step (2), first exist Print in printing the rational height of base plate and support slurry.
3D the most according to claim 4 prints the method for metal labyrinth, it is characterised in that: step (4) described removal Support slurry, use the one in physical instrument removal method, solution soaking dissolution method or furnace melting method.
3D the most according to claim 4 prints the method for metal labyrinth, it is characterised in that: step (5) is described to gold Belong to slurry carry out defat, utilize the one in following methods or two or more simultaneously or successively use:
(d1) thermal debinding method based on adsorption mechanism；
(d2) based on the atmosphere thermal debinding method increased under atmosphere under heat resolve Mechanism of Degreasing；
(d3) based on the Vacuum Heat defat method under heat resolve Mechanism of Degreasing in vacuum；
(d4) the oxidation defat method under intensity Mechanism of Degreasing is provided based on heating in air and oxide powder；
(d5) based on immersing the immersion defat method that solvent central branch support slurry is dissolved under Mechanism of Degreasing；
(d6) the condensed steam defat method under specimen surface Mechanism of Degreasing is condensed to after evaporating based on solvent；
(d7) coexist supercritical defat method under Mechanism of Degreasing based on solvent liquid, gaseous state；
(d8) the catalysis degreasing method under thermal cracking Mechanism of Degreasing is added based in catalysis atmosphere.
CN201610800736.6A 2016-09-01 2016-09-01 3D prints support slurry, metal paste and the Method of printing of metal labyrinth Pending CN106270512A (en)

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