CN1062656C - 蒸馏空气的方法和设备及其在向轧钢厂供气中的应用 - Google Patents

蒸馏空气的方法和设备及其在向轧钢厂供气中的应用 Download PDF

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CN1062656C
CN1062656C CN92110647A CN92110647A CN1062656C CN 1062656 C CN1062656 C CN 1062656C CN 92110647 A CN92110647 A CN 92110647A CN 92110647 A CN92110647 A CN 92110647A CN 1062656 C CN1062656 C CN 1062656C
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F·坎伯莱因
J·L·吉劳特
P·马齐瑞斯
J·P·特尼尔
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Abstract

本发明是关于具有一个双蒸馏塔和一个混合塔的设备。辅助空气从混合塔的底部输入，辅助空气的压力与均压塔的压力不同，从顶部泵入从低压塔底部排出的与辅助空气压力相同的液体。不纯氧作为产品气从混合塔的顶部排出，基本纯净的氧在低压塔底部生成。

Description

蒸馏空气的方法和设备及其在向轧钢厂供气中的应用
本发明是关于蒸馏空气的技术。
在一些工业中需要使用大量的各种压力的不纯氧，例如：碳的气化，石油残渣的气化，铁矿石的直接还原熔炼，高炉的碳喷吹，有色金属冶炼等等。
在另一方面，一些工业中需要同时供给大量的各种压力的高纯氧和不纯氧。例如在具有氧气转炉的轧钢厂中，高炉需要供给氧气或富氧空气。
本发明的目的是为了通过一种廉价的方式完成这一目的，即能够以相对较少的投资和能量消耗生产任意选择纯度和压力的不纯氧，如需要的话生产高纯氧。
为此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种使用一个联接有一个混合塔的双蒸馏塔来蒸馏空气的方法，在该方法中由空气气体混合物组成的辅助气体从混合塔的底部输入，从低压塔低段排出的比辅助气体含氧量较高的液体从混合塔的顶部输入，构成产品气的不纯氧从混合塔的顶部排出，输入混合塔的辅助气和液体压缩至相同的压力，这压力与均压塔的压力不同，一般来说要比后者高，最好至少高至2×105Pa。
所述的液体可以是低压塔底部的液体，例如基本上无氮的氧，或是低压塔底部几层塔盘口排出的液体。
在本方法的范围中，还可以通过利用联接在低压塔上的生产氩的附加蒸馏塔来生产不纯氩。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种适合实施上述定义方法的蒸馏空气的设备，该装置包括一个双蒸馏塔，一个混合塔，一条热交换管线，一个由空气混合物组成的辅助气体源，将辅助气体输入混合塔底部的装置，将一种比辅助气含较多氧的液体从低压塔下部排出的装置，将这种液体泵压并将其输入混合塔顶部的装置，以及将不纯氧作为本设备产品气从混合塔顶部排出的装置，其特征在于本设备包括将辅助气压缩至给定的与均压塔压力不同压力的装置，在热交换管线中输送这种被压缩的辅助气体的管道和在管道中以所述给定压力输送该液体的泵送装置。
本发明还有一个目的是将上述定义的方法应用在向轧钢厂输送气体中，所述产出的不纯氧压力是高炉的压力并被送入高炉中。
当所述液体是基本上无氮的氧时，最好是将所述基本无氮的氧送至轧钢厂的转炉。
现在参考附图对本发明的实施例加以说明，其中：
图1至图3是根据本发明的蒸馏空气设备的三种实施方案的示意图。
图1所示的空气蒸馏装置适于生产不纯氧，例如纯度为80至97％，最好是85至95％，其压力在给定压力P6×105Pa绝对大气压上下范围，例如2至5×105Pa或较好为至少2×105Pa其压力可以高达大约10×105pa，较好是在8×105Pa和15×105Pa之间。该设备实质上包括一个热交换管线1，一个自身包括一个均压塔3，一个低压塔4和一个主冷凝-蒸发器5的双蒸馏塔2，和一个混合塔6。塔3和4一般分别在大约6×105pa和1×105Pa下操作。
如美国专利文献US-A4，022，030中详细描述的那样，混合塔是一个与蒸馏塔有相同结构的塔，但它是用来以接近可逆的方式将一种从其底部输入的相对较高挥发性的气体与一种从顶部输入的较小挥发性液体混合的塔。
这种混合产生冷冻能并因此能够减少与蒸馏有关的能量消耗。在本例情况中，这种混合物如下面将要说明的那样是用来在压力P下直接生产不纯氧的。
将压缩至6×105Pa和适当净化的欲蒸馏分离的空气通过管路7送至均压塔3的底部。该空气的大部分在热交换线1中冷却并从均压塔3的底部输入，在8处过压缩并冷却的其余部分空气在一个与增压器8联接的汽轮机9中膨胀为低压，然后在低压塔4的中部喷入。从塔3底部排出的“富液”(富氧空气)在膨胀阀10膨胀之后在靠近喷入空气的地方输入到塔4中。从塔3的中点11排出的“贫液”(不纯氧)经膨胀阀12膨胀后由塔4的顶部输入，其构成本设备的残气，并与在塔3顶部产出的中压纯氮气一起在热交换线1中加热，然后一起从本设备中排出。在图1中两种气体分别由NI和NG表示。
纯净度取决于双塔2的构造的液氧从塔4的底部排出，由一个泵13加压至压力P1，然后从塔6的顶部输入，由于装料损失P1比上述压力P略高(P1-P小于1×105pa)。因此P1较好在8×105pa和30×105pa之间，最好在8×105pa和16×105pa之间。由辅助压缩机14加压到同样的压力P1并在热交换线1中冷却的辅助空气由顶部输入混合塔6。有三种流体从混合塔6排出：在底部排出一种近似于富液的液体，它通过带一个膨胀阀15A的管路15与富液汇合；在中部，排出一种基本上由氧和氮组成的混合物，它通过带膨胀阀17的管路16输入低压塔4的中部；在顶部，排出不纯氧，它在热交换线中加热后实际压力为P，作为产品气OI经由管路18从本设备中排出。
图1还示出了辅助热交换器19，20，21，它们用于保证回收可用于在本设备中循环流体的冷。
应当理解，由于输入塔6辅助空气的分离回路的存在，使产出的不纯氧的压力P可以任意选择。而且如上所述，双塔的构造使获得各种纯净程度的这种气体成为可能。
如图2所示，另一种决定这种纯净度的方法是在低压塔4中选择塔6输入液的排出水平，例如，通过在排出点如塔4底之间保留几个蒸馏塔盘的方法。
图2还显示，本设备在塔6产出不纯氧的同时，可通过从塔4底部排出的手段来生产不同纯度和压力的氧，例如基本上纯净的氧。这种氧可以由经过热交换线1的管路22以气态形式供应，其压力可以是如低压塔4的低压或是高压，例如经热交换线加热之前，在23处泵压液体；也可以将其液化后送至贮存器24。
图3的设备与图2的不同点在于它包括一个附加的塔25，用来生产不纯氩，这附加塔25以已知的方式联接在低压塔4上。
不纯氧不是由低压塔4产生而是由混合塔6产出这一事实能够使生产出的不纯氧只含很少量的氩，并且还使生产氩成为可能，当然只要是在13处排出并泵压的液氧足够纯净，例如纯净度至少达到98％。
压力为P1的辅助空气可以是适当净化过的大气空气，但也可以来自包括一个空压机的附加处理过程。例如它可以是由一个汽轮机进气口排出的空气构成，其压力能够通过增压器或膨胀汽轮机进行调节。更为一般的是，向混合塔6底部输入的辅助空气，可以利用一种含氧量少于从低压塔下部排出液体的空气混合物，例如可以是来自设备本身的不纯氮。
因此，本发明可在特别经济的投资和能量消耗条件下同时生产纯净或基本纯净的氧，不纯氧和氩。
应特别指出，塔4中产出的氧基本不含氮，因此可以用于轧钢厂的转炉。因此图2所示的设备可以同时向转炉供应纯氧并向轧钢厂高炉供应高炉鼓风压力的不纯氧；图3所示的本装置可以附带向轧钢厂供应氩。

Claims (15)

1．一种利用联接有一个混合塔的双蒸馏塔来蒸馏空气的方法，其中从混合塔的底部输入由空气混合物组成的辅助气体，从顶部输入一种比辅助气体含氧量高的从低压塔下部排出的液体，构成产品气的不纯氧从混合塔的顶部排出，其特征在于输入混合塔的辅助气和液体加压至基本相同的且高于均压塔压力的第一压力。
2．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述液体是来自低压塔底部的液体。
3．如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述液体是基本不含氮的氧。
4．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述液体是从低压塔底部以上的几层塔盘上排出的。
5．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于氧是由低压塔底部排出而构成一种第二产品气。
6．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于利用一个联接在低压塔上的附加的不纯氩生产蒸馏塔附带生产氩。
7．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述第一压力至少比均压塔压力高2×105Pa。
8．如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于所述第一压力在8×105Pa和16×105Pa之间。
9．一种蒸馏空气的设备，它包括：一个双蒸馏塔，一个混合塔，一条热交换线，一个辅助气体源，将辅助气体输入混合塔底部的装置，将低压塔下部中的含氧量高于辅助气体的液体排出的装置，泵压并将该液体输入混合塔顶部的装置，将不纯氧作为本装置产品气从混合塔顶部排出的装置，和将压缩辅助气体供入热交换线的管路，其特征在于，本设备还包括将辅助气体压缩到一给定的高于均压塔的压力的装置，和使液体达到所述给定压力的泵压装置。
10．如权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于所述液体是由低压底部排出的。
11．如权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于所述液体是由低压塔底部以上的几层塔盘上排出的。
12．如权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于包括将氧作为本装置第二产品气从低压塔底部排出的装置。
13．如权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于包括一个联接在低压塔上的生产不纯氩的塔。
14．如权利要求1所述的方法应用于向设有高炉的钢厂供应气体；在高炉压力下生产不纯氧并将其送入高炉。
15．如权利要求14所述的应用，其特征在于将基本上不含氮的氧供给钢厂的转炉。
CN92110647A 1991-08-07 1992-08-07 蒸馏空气的方法和设备及其在向轧钢厂供气中的应用 Expired - Fee Related CN1062656C (zh)

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FR2680114B1 (fr) 1994-08-05
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DE69208412T3 (de) 2001-08-23
EP0531182B1 (fr) 1996-02-21
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DE69208412T2 (de) 1996-07-04
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FR2680114A1 (fr) 1993-02-12
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