CN106254101B - RS485 serial port equipment communication state detection method and device - Google Patents
RS485 serial port equipment communication state detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106254101B CN106254101B CN201610605134.5A CN201610605134A CN106254101B CN 106254101 B CN106254101 B CN 106254101B CN 201610605134 A CN201610605134 A CN 201610605134A CN 106254101 B CN106254101 B CN 106254101B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0677—Localisation of faults
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Abstract
A communication state detection method for RS485 serial port equipment comprises the following steps: acquiring the communication failure times of the serial device to be tested in one communication process; judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a first preset value or not; when the communication failure times are larger than a first preset value, determining equipment faults and generating equipment alarm events; when the communication failure times are smaller than a first preset value, judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a second preset value, wherein the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value; when the communication failure times are larger than the second preset value, judging whether the communication failure times of another device connected with the same serial port are larger than the second preset value; and when the communication failure times of the other device is greater than a second preset value, determining the serial port fault and generating a serial port alarm event. The application also provides a device for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port equipment. By comparing the communication failure times with different preset values, the fault event can be quickly determined and the fault reason can be reflected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a communication state detection method and device of RS485 serial port communication equipment.
Background
The development of communication technology is benefited, various communication devices are more and more popular, the communication devices are usually connected with the same serial port such as an RS-485 serial port for use, communication failure may occur in the use process of the communication devices, and in order to quickly find out the reason of the communication failure, the communication state needs to be detected.
The existing detection of communication state of equipment is to count the communication failure times of equipment connected to a serial port respectively, when the communication failure times of each equipment reaches a preset value, an alarm event of corresponding equipment is generated, taking M (a1, a2 … am) equipment connected to the same serial port as an example, when the communication failure times of a1 reach the preset value, an alarm of 'a 1 equipment communication interruption' is generated, when the communication failure times of a2 reach the preset value, an alarm of 'a 2 equipment communication interruption' is generated, and so on, when the communication failure times of am reach the preset value, an alarm of 'am equipment communication interruption' is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, a communication state detection method and device for the RS485 serial port device, which can quickly determine a fault event in the communication process of the device and reflect the fault reason, are needed.
A communication state detection method for RS485 serial port equipment comprises the following steps: acquiring the communication failure times of the serial device to be tested in one communication process; judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a first preset value or not; when the communication failure times are larger than or equal to the first preset value, determining the equipment fault and generating an equipment alarm event; when the communication failure times are smaller than the first preset value, judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a second preset value; when the communication failure times are larger than or equal to the second preset value, judging whether the communication failure times of another device connected with the same serial port are larger than the second preset value; and when the communication failure times of the other device are greater than or equal to the second preset value, determining the serial port fault and generating a serial port alarm event, wherein the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value.
The utility model provides a RS485 serial devices communication status detection device, includes: the interrupt acquisition module is used for acquiring the communication failure times of the serial device to be detected in one communication process; the first judgment module is used for judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a first preset value or not; the equipment failure module is used for determining the equipment failure and generating an equipment alarm event when the communication failure times are greater than or equal to the first preset value; the second judging module is used for judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a second preset value or not when the communication failure times are smaller than the first preset value; the second judging module is used for judging whether the communication failure times of another device connected with the same serial port are larger than a second preset value or not when the communication failure times are larger than or equal to the second preset value; and the serial port fault module is used for determining the serial port fault and generating a serial port alarm event when the communication failure frequency of the other device is greater than or equal to a second preset value, wherein the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value.
According to the RS485 serial port equipment communication state detection method and device, the communication failure times of the serial port equipment to be detected in the primary communication process are obtained and compared with different preset values, the equipment fault and the serial port fault are determined through three-time comparison, the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value, and the communication failure times of other equipment connected with the same serial port are combined, so that the fault reason can be rapidly determined and a corresponding fault alarm event can be generated when the serial port fault occurs, the determination efficiency of the fault event and the fault reason in the equipment communication process is greatly improved, and the detection efficiency of the communication state is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a communication state detection method of an RS485 serial device in an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a communication state detection method of an RS485 serial device in a second embodiment;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a communication state detection method of an RS485 serial device in the third embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication state detection device of an RS485 serial port device in an embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication state detection device of an RS485 serial port device in a second embodiment;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication state detection device of an RS485 serial device in a third embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, a method for detecting a communication state of an RS485 serial device is provided, which specifically includes the following steps.
Step 101, obtaining the communication failure times of the serial device to be tested in one communication process.
Step 102, determining whether the communication failure times is greater than a first preset value.
And 103, when the communication failure times are greater than or equal to the first preset value, determining equipment faults and generating equipment alarm events.
And 104, judging whether the communication failure times are greater than a second preset value or not when the communication failure times are less than the first preset value.
And 105, when the communication failure times are larger than or equal to a second preset value, judging whether the communication failure times of another device connected with the same serial port are larger than the second preset value.
And step 106, when the communication failure times of the other device is greater than or equal to a second preset value, determining the serial port fault and generating a serial port alarm event, wherein the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value.
The serial port device is a communication device which communicates by being connected to the same serial port, the common serial port comprises an RS-485 serial port, and the number of devices connected to the same serial port is usually multiple. The serial port equipment to be detected refers to the communication equipment to be detected connected to the RS-485 serial port to be detected, and the communication equipment to be detected can be any equipment connected to the serial port when the communication state detection method of the serial port equipment is implemented. The communication failure times in one communication process refer to the times of receiving and sending failures in one message receiving or sending process in the process of message receiving and sending communication between the serial port device to be tested and other communication devices.
The equipment fault alarm event and the serial port alarm event respectively comprise modes of character display, light or sound, and the like, wherein the alarm specific mode of the equipment fault alarm event is different from the specific mode of the serial port alarm event so as to distinguish different faults from each other, such as different colors of light, different frequencies of sound or different characters, and the like.
The communication failure times in one-time communication process of serial port equipment to be detected are obtained and compared with different preset values, equipment faults and serial port faults can be respectively determined through three-time comparison, wherein the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value, when the communication failure times of the serial port equipment to be detected are smaller than the first preset value and are larger than or equal to the second preset value, the communication failure times of other equipment connected with the same serial port are compared with the second preset value in combination, the characteristic that the equipment connected with the serial port can generate communication failures at the same time can be reflected through analyzing the serial port faults, so that the equipment communication interruption caused by the serial port faults can be quickly determined, the fault reasons can be quickly determined and corresponding fault alarm events can be generated through the communication state detection method when the serial port faults occur, and different fault reasons of equipment faults or serial port faults can be distinguished, the method greatly improves the determination efficiency of the fault event in the communication process of the equipment and improves the detection efficiency of the communication state.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, before the step of obtaining the number of communication failures in one communication process of the serial device to be tested in step 101, the method further includes:
step 201, acquiring the number of devices connected with the same serial port, and determining the judgment level of the serial port device to be tested according to the number of the devices;
step 202, determining a first preset value and a second preset value according to the judgment grade, wherein the second preset value is K × the first preset value/the number of devices, and K is a constant.
Through analysis, for the condition that a plurality of devices are connected with the same serial port, the device fault and the serial port fault are different in performance, the device fault is shown in the fact that one device fails in continuous communication, the device connected with the same serial port normally communicates, and the serial port fault is shown in the fact that the devices connected with the same serial port all fail in communication at the same time. According to the characteristics of serial port communication, the communication state detection is divided into different judgment levels by combining the difference generated by the difference of the number of the same serial port connection equipment, the number of the equipment connected with the same serial port is larger, the number of times of communication failure of the serial port equipment to be detected can be relatively smaller according to the generation of the failure reason of the serial port failure, the second preset value is set to be the set multiple of the ratio of the first preset value to the number of the equipment, and the determination efficiency of the failure event in the equipment communication process is improved. During specific implementation, the corresponding relation between the number of the devices and the judgment level is prestored, the sizes of the first preset value and the second preset value in the corresponding judgment level are determined, during detection, the number of the communication devices connected with the serial port device to be detected to the same serial port is obtained, and the corresponding relation is searched to determine the judgment level and the corresponding preset value.
Preferably, in step 201, the step of obtaining the number of devices connected to the same serial port, and determining the judgment level of the serial port device to be tested according to the number of the devices includes:
when the number of the devices is not more than 2, determining that the serial port device to be tested is at a first judgment level;
when the number of the devices is more than 2 and not more than 4, determining that the serial device to be tested is in a second judgment level;
when the number of the devices is more than 4, determining that the serial device to be tested is in a third judgment level;
the first preset value in the first judgment grade, the second judgment grade and the third judgment grade are equal, and the K value is 0.8-1.2.
In the embodiment of the application, the first preset value is used for comparing with the communication failure times of the equipment to determine the equipment failure, and whether the equipment fails or not has no influence on the number of the equipment connected with the same serial port, so that the first preset values in different judgment levels are equal, and the size of the first preset value can be determined according to the existing experience for determining whether the equipment fails or not. The judgment level is determined according to the number of different devices, the K value is preferably 0.8-1.2, the more the number of the devices is, the smaller the second preset value in the corresponding judgment level is, because the communication failure frequency required for judging the serial port fault is smaller than the communication failure frequency required for judging the device fault, and the more the devices connected with one serial port are, the larger the difference value between the first preset value and the second preset value is, when the serial port is in fault, the communication failure frequency required to be actually detected can be far smaller than the existing detection method for respectively counting the communication failure frequencies of the devices connected with the serial port, and the serial port fault and the device fault can be directly distinguished.
Further, in another embodiment, referring to fig. 3, before the step of obtaining the number of communication failures in one communication process of the serial device to be tested in step 101, the method further includes:
step 301, detecting whether the serial port equipment to be detected fails to communicate;
if yes, executing the step of obtaining the communication failure times in one communication process of the serial device to be tested;
if not, returning to the step of detecting whether the communication of the serial port equipment to be detected fails.
The communication equipment state detection firstly detects whether the serial port equipment has communication failure, if not, the communication state is normal, and therefore, whether equipment failure or serial port failure occurs does not need to be judged. Secondly, when the communication failure frequency is smaller than a second preset value or when the communication failure frequency of another device is smaller than the second preset value, the step 301 is returned to, and whether the communication of the serial device to be tested fails is detected. When the communication failure frequency is smaller than the second preset value or when the communication failure frequency of another device is smaller than the second preset value, the communication failure condition is shown in the communication process, but the communication state is normal due to the device or serial port failure.
In another embodiment, please refer to fig. 4, which provides an RS485 serial device communication status detection apparatus, including an interrupt obtaining module 10, a first determining module 20, a device failure module 30, a second determining module 40, a third determining module 50, and a serial failure module 60. The interruption obtaining module 10 is configured to obtain the number of communication failures of the serial device to be tested in one communication process. The first determining module 20 is configured to determine whether the number of communication failures is greater than a first preset value. The equipment failure module 30 is configured to determine an equipment failure and generate an equipment alarm event when the number of communication failures is greater than or equal to a first preset value. The second determining module 40 is configured to determine whether the communication failure frequency is greater than a second preset value when the communication failure frequency is less than the first preset value. The third disconnection module 50 is configured to determine whether the communication failure frequency of another device connected to the same serial port is greater than a second preset value when the communication failure frequency is greater than or equal to the second preset value. The serial port fault module 60 is configured to determine a serial port fault and generate a serial port alarm event when the number of communication failures of another device is greater than or equal to a second preset value, where the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value.
Referring to fig. 5, a communication state detection device of an RS485 serial device in a second embodiment further includes a level determination module 11 and a default value module 12. The level determining module 11 is configured to obtain the number of devices connected to the same serial port, and determine the judgment level of the serial port device to be tested according to the number of the devices and a preset rule. The preset value module 12 is configured to determine a first preset value and a second preset value according to the determination level, where the second preset value is K × the first preset value/the number of devices, and K is a constant. Through analysis, for the condition that a plurality of devices are connected with the same serial port, the representation forms of device faults and serial port faults are different, the device faults are represented by the fact that one device fails to continuously communicate, the devices connected with the same serial port normally communicate, and the serial port faults are represented by the fact that the devices connected with the same serial port fail to communicate at the same time. According to the characteristics of serial port communication, the communication state detection is divided into different judgment levels by combining the difference generated by the different number of the same serial port connection equipment, the more the equipment connected with the same serial port is, the more the number of times of communication failure of the serial port equipment to be detected can be relatively less according to the generation of the failure reason of the serial port failure, the second preset value is set to be the set multiple of the ratio of the first preset value to the number of the equipment, and the determination efficiency of the failure event in the equipment communication process is improved.
The grade determination module includes a first grade unit, a second grade unit, and a third grade unit. The first grade unit is used for determining that the serial port equipment to be tested is in a first judgment grade when the number of the equipment is not more than 2. And the second grade unit is used for determining that the serial port equipment to be tested is in a second judgment grade when the number of the equipment is more than 2 and not more than 4. And when the number of the devices is more than 4, the third grade unit determines that the serial device to be tested is at a third judgment grade. The first preset value in the first judgment grade, the second judgment grade and the third judgment grade are equal, and the K value is 0.8-1.2. In the embodiment of the application, the first preset value is used for comparing with the communication failure times of the equipment to determine the equipment fault, and the equipment fault has no influence on the number of the equipment connected with the same serial port, so that the first preset values in different judgment levels are equal, and the size of the first preset value can be determined according to the existing experience for determining whether the equipment has the fault. The judgment level is determined according to the number of different devices, the K value is preferably 0.8-1.2, the more the number of the devices is, the smaller the second preset value in the corresponding judgment level is, because the communication failure frequency required for judging the serial port fault is smaller than the communication failure frequency required for judging the device fault, and the more the devices connected with one serial port are, the larger the difference value between the first preset value and the second preset value is, when the serial port is in fault, the communication failure frequency required to be actually detected can be far smaller than the existing detection method for respectively counting the communication failure frequencies of the devices connected with the serial port, and the serial port fault and the device fault can be directly distinguished.
Referring to fig. 6, it is a communication state detection device of an RS485 serial device in a third embodiment, and the communication state detection device of the serial device further includes a communication detection module 13. The communication detection module 13 is used for detecting whether the serial device to be detected fails in communication, when the serial device to be detected fails in communication, the communication detection module executes the steps of obtaining the number of times of communication failure in one-time communication process of the serial device to be detected, and when the serial device to be detected fails in communication, the communication detection module returns to the step of detecting whether the serial device to be detected fails in communication. Preferably, the communication device further comprises a returning module, configured to return to the step of detecting whether the serial device to be detected fails to communicate when the number of communication failures is smaller than a second preset value or when the number of communication failures of another device is smaller than the second preset value. The communication equipment state detection firstly detects whether the serial port equipment has communication failure, if not, the communication state is normal, and therefore, whether equipment failure or serial port failure occurs does not need to be judged. Secondly, when the communication failure frequency is smaller than a second preset value or when the communication failure frequency of another device is smaller than the second preset value, the step 301 is returned to, and whether the communication of the serial device to be tested fails is detected. When the communication failure frequency is smaller than the second preset value or when the communication failure frequency of another device is smaller than the second preset value, the communication failure condition is shown in the communication process, but the communication state is normal due to the device or serial port failure.
The RS485 serial port equipment communication detection device can determine equipment failure and serial port failure respectively through three comparisons by obtaining the communication failure times of the serial port equipment to be detected in one communication process and comparing the communication failure times with different preset values, wherein the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value, when the communication failure times of the serial port equipment to be detected are smaller than the first preset value and are larger than or equal to the second preset value, the communication failure times of other equipment connected with the same serial port are compared with the second preset value, the characteristic that the equipment connected with the serial port can generate communication failure at the same moment can be reflected by analyzing the serial port failure, so that the equipment communication interruption caused by the serial port failure can be rapidly determined, and the failure reason can be rapidly determined and corresponding failure alarm events can be generated when the serial port failure occurs through the communication state detection method, the method and the device can distinguish different fault reasons of equipment faults or serial port faults, greatly improve the efficiency of determining fault events and fault reasons in the communication process of the equipment, and improve the detection efficiency of communication states.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A communication state detection method for RS485 serial port equipment comprises the following steps:
acquiring the communication failure times of the serial device to be tested in one communication process;
judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a first preset value or not;
when the communication failure times are larger than or equal to the first preset value, determining the equipment fault and generating an equipment alarm event;
when the communication failure times are smaller than the first preset value, judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a second preset value;
when the communication failure times are larger than or equal to the second preset value, judging whether the communication failure times of another device connected with the same serial port are larger than the second preset value;
when the communication failure times of the other device are larger than or equal to a second preset value, determining the serial port fault and generating a serial port alarm event, wherein the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value; the alarm mode of the equipment alarm event is different from the alarm mode of the serial port alarm event.
2. The method for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before the step of obtaining the communication failure times in one communication process of the serial device to be tested, the method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring the number of devices connected with the same serial port, and determining the judgment level of the serial port device to be tested according to the number of the devices;
and determining a first preset value and a second preset value according to the judgment grade, wherein the second preset value is K, the first preset value/the equipment number is K, and K is a constant.
3. The method for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the step of obtaining the number of devices connected with the same serial port and determining the judgment level of the serial port device to be tested according to the number of the devices comprises the following steps:
when the number of the devices is not more than 2, determining that the serial port device to be tested is at a first judgment level;
when the number of the devices is more than 2 and not more than 4, determining that the serial device to be tested is in a second judgment level;
when the number of the devices is more than 4, determining that the serial device to be tested is at a third judgment level;
the first preset value in the first judgment grade, the second judgment grade and the third judgment grade are equal, and the K value is 0.8-1.2.
4. The method for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before the step of obtaining the communication failure times in one communication process of the serial device to be tested, the method further comprises the following steps:
detecting whether the serial port equipment to be detected fails in communication;
if yes, executing the step of obtaining the communication failure times in one communication process of the serial device to be tested;
if not, returning to the step of detecting whether the communication of the serial port equipment to be detected fails.
5. The method for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and when the communication failure times are smaller than the second preset value or the communication failure times of the other equipment are smaller than the second preset value, returning to the step of detecting whether the serial port equipment to be detected fails in communication.
6. The utility model provides a RS485 serial devices communication status detection device, includes:
the interrupt acquisition module is used for acquiring the communication failure times of the serial device to be detected in one communication process;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a first preset value or not;
the equipment failure module is used for determining the equipment failure and generating an equipment alarm event when the communication failure times are greater than or equal to the first preset value;
the second judging module is used for judging whether the communication failure times are larger than a second preset value or not when the communication failure times are smaller than the first preset value;
the third disconnection module is used for judging whether the communication failure frequency of another device connected with the same serial port is greater than a second preset value or not when the communication failure frequency is greater than or equal to the second preset value;
the serial port fault module is used for determining the serial port fault and generating a serial port alarm event when the communication failure frequency of the other device is greater than or equal to a second preset value, wherein the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value; the alarm mode of the equipment alarm event is different from the alarm mode of the serial port alarm event.
7. The device for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port equipment according to claim 6, wherein: further comprising:
the grade determining module is used for acquiring the number of devices connected with the same serial port and determining the judgment grade of the serial port device to be detected according to the number of the devices;
and the preset value module is used for determining a first preset value and a second preset value according to the judgment grade, wherein the second preset value is K, the first preset value/the equipment number is K, and K is a constant.
8. The device for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port device as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the grade determination module comprises:
the first grade unit is used for determining that the serial port equipment to be tested is at a first judgment grade when the number of the equipment is not more than 2;
the second grade unit is used for determining that the serial port equipment to be tested is in a second judgment grade when the number of the equipment is more than 2 and not more than 4;
the third grade unit is used for determining that the serial port equipment to be tested is in a third judgment grade when the number of the equipment is more than 4;
the first preset value in the first judgment grade, the second judgment grade and the third judgment grade are equal, and the K value is 0.8-1.2.
9. The device for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port equipment according to claim 6, wherein: further comprising:
the communication detection module is used for detecting whether the serial port equipment to be detected fails in communication or not, and when the serial port equipment to be detected fails in communication, the step of acquiring the communication failure times of the serial port equipment to be detected in one communication process is executed; and when the serial port equipment to be detected does not generate communication failure, returning to the step of detecting whether the serial port equipment to be detected fails in communication.
10. The device for detecting the communication state of the RS485 serial port device as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the communication failure detection module is used for detecting whether the communication failure of the serial port equipment to be detected is detected or not according to the communication failure frequency of the other equipment, and the communication failure frequency is smaller than a second preset value.
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| CN102143073A (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2011-08-03 | 深圳创维数字技术股份有限公司 | Data transmission method and system |
| CN103227662A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-31 | 广东电网公司电力调度控制中心 | Safety detection method and system of electric power communication equipment based on state control |
| CN105703952A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-22 | 湖南方心科技有限公司 | Network fault monitoring method and apparatus |
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- 2016-07-28 CN CN201610605134.5A patent/CN106254101B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102143073A (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2011-08-03 | 深圳创维数字技术股份有限公司 | Data transmission method and system |
| CN103227662A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-31 | 广东电网公司电力调度控制中心 | Safety detection method and system of electric power communication equipment based on state control |
| CN105703952A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-22 | 湖南方心科技有限公司 | Network fault monitoring method and apparatus |
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