CN106248728A - Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton and control method thereof - Google Patents
Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106248728A CN106248728A CN201610593153.0A CN201610593153A CN106248728A CN 106248728 A CN106248728 A CN 106248728A CN 201610593153 A CN201610593153 A CN 201610593153A CN 106248728 A CN106248728 A CN 106248728A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/18—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/30—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
- G05D23/32—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature with provision for adjustment of the effect of the auxiliary heating device, e.g. a function of time
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton and control method thereof, device includes the coated internal layer heat-insulation layer at experiment pipeline section outer wall, the thermal compensation silk being wrapped in outside internal layer heat-insulation layer, the outer layer heat-insulation layer being coated on outside thermal compensation silk, the thermal compensation power supply powered to thermal compensation silk, gather experiment pipeline section outside wall temperature signal and two thermocouples of internal layer heat-insulation layer outside wall temperature signal, the temperature signal gathered according to two thermocouples adjusts the feedback circuit of the heating power of thermal compensation silk, thermal compensation power supply constitutes a series loop with thermal compensation silk, feedback circuit is connected in series loop.Thermal compensation silk of the present invention uses electrically heated mode to carry out thermal compensation, thermal compensation silk power can be automatically adjusted by experiment pipeline section outside wall temperature and internal layer heat-insulation layer outside wall temperature, reach thermal equilibrium condition, realize the Accurate Determining of fluid heating power, there is provided Reliable guarantee for accurately analyzing of further experiment data, improve precision and the reliability of Experiment of Thermophysics.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Experiment of Thermophysics technical field, in particular it relates to a kind of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automatically controls
Device and control method thereof.
Background technology
It is frequently encountered by solid wall surface both sides in the industrial circles such as energy source and power, nuclear energy, refrigeration, petrochemical industry and Aero-Space
Heat exchange between fluid, the research to this diabatic process tends to rely on Experiment of Thermophysics, therefore, scientific research and industry
Frequently involving a large amount of Experiment of Thermophysics problem in design work, how obtaining stable thermal equilibrium condition in experimentation is to obtain standard
The really key of experimental result, is also to study flowing heat transfer rule and the basis of related physical mechanism further.Therefore, real to thermal technology
Test the research of thermal equilibrium analysis method for improving experimental procedure, obtaining accurate experiment result, grasp accurate experiment law and all have
Significant.
According to thermodynamic (al) definition, poised state refers in the case of not having external influence, working medium (or system)
The invariant in time state of macroscopic property.When the temperature and pressure of system components is inconsistent, will deposit between each several part
In transmission and the relative displacement of energy, its state will change over, and this state is referred to as nonequilibrium condition.To Experiment of Thermophysics
For, the often flowing heat transfer process of Study of Fluid, wherein thermal equilibrium condition is the most crucial.The thermal equilibrium state that thermodynamics is given
It is defined as follows: when the object that two temperature are different contacts with each other, by there is the transmission of heat between them, if not by other
Physical influence, then after the long enough time, they are up to identical temperature and no longer carry out heat transmission, i.e. reach heat
Poised state.
At present, for making experiment body can be in thermal balance environment during Experiment of Thermophysics, coated insulation is often taked
The means of layer, heat-insulation layer is to select the material that heat conductivity is the least to make, and according to thermal conduction study knowledge, now can reduce reality
Test the heat dissipation capacity between working medium and external environment so that add heat most by absorption of fluids, but this laboratory facilities show
So can not obtain absolute thermal balance environment, the size in different experiment condition heat dissipation capacities there is also the biggest difference, and can
Thering is provided thermal balance environment is that experimental provision lacks the most very much.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that the shortcoming and defect overcoming above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance
Environment automaton, this device can be automatically adjusted thermal balance environment in Experiment of Thermophysics, present invention also offers this device
Autocontrol method.
The present invention solves the problems referred to above and be the technical scheme is that
Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton, including the coated internal layer heat-insulation layer at experiment pipeline section outer wall, is wrapped in
Thermal compensation silk outside internal layer heat-insulation layer, the outer layer heat-insulation layer being coated on outside thermal compensation silk, the thermal compensation electricity powered to thermal compensation silk
Source, described thermal compensation power supply constitutes a series loop with thermal compensation silk.In prior art, in order to make experiment pipeline section can be in heat
In balance environment, often taking the means of coated heat-insulation layer, coated heat-insulation layer can not stop heat to scatter and disappear completely, and different
The size of experiment condition heat dissipation capacity there is also the biggest difference, it is impossible to provides experimental data accurately, and in this programme, thermal compensation silk
Use electrically heated mode to carry out thermal compensation, utilize the heat distributed of thermal compensation silk to make around region residing for experiment pipeline section outer wall
Temperature equal, form adiabatic condition, the heat so tested in pipeline section would not outwards scatter and disappear, and the power of heating can basis
Different experiment conditions adjusts, and it also avoid the difference that heat dissipation capacity size causes because of condition difference.Inventor changes traditional preventing
The thinking that only heat scatters and disappears, it is proposed that prevent the scheme of heat radiation by the way of heating compensation, there is prominent feature.Two guarantors
Temperature layer selects the material that heat conductivity is the least, such as but not limited to heat-preservation cotton.
As a further improvement on the present invention, above-mentioned Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton also includes using respectively
In gather experiment pipeline section outside wall temperature signal and two thermocouples of internal layer heat-insulation layer outside wall temperature signal, according to two thermocouples
The temperature signal gathered adjusts the feedback circuit of the heating power of thermal compensation silk, and this feedback circuit is connected in series loop.This
In scheme, two thermocouple measurement experiment pipeline section outside wall temperatures and internal layer heat-insulation layer outside wall temperature are set further, to reach real
The temperature testing around region residing for pipeline section outside wall surface the i.e. region of internal layer heat-insulation layer is identical, forms thermal insulation reaching thermal balance
Condition；Once temperature is variant, adjusted the heating power of thermal compensation silk by feedback circuit, control more accurate, can be by thermal technology
It is adjusted to thermal balance environment thermal nonequilibrium environment more fast and stable in experiment, and keeps stablizing of thermal balance environment,
For Accurate Determining flow working medium caloric receptivity, obtain reliable experimental data and provide support, improve vehicle repair major Experiment of Thermophysics
Precision and reliability.
Further, described feedback circuit includes comparing the temperature signal gathered and controlling according to comparative result output
The arithmetic and control unit of signal, control signal according to arithmetic and control unit adjust the ultramagnifier of series loop current, described ultramagnifier
It is connected between thermal compensation power supply and thermal compensation silk；Two thermocouples are all connected with the input of arithmetic and control unit, operation control
The outfan of device connects ultramagnifier.In the present embodiment, ultramagnifier adjusts string by adjusting the resistance self accessing series loop
The electric current in connection loop, accesses resistance the biggest, and the electric current of series loop is the least, and the heating power of thermal compensation silk is the least, otherwise vulcanizes
The heating power repaying silk is the biggest.
Further, described series loop is also in series with current-limiting resistance, prevents the electric current in series loop excessive, damage electricity
Device in road, the heating power being also prevented from thermal compensation silk is excessive.
Further, the outer wall of described experiment pipeline section is provided with the first measuring point, and the outer wall of described internal layer heat-insulation layer is provided with
Two measuring points, the first measuring point and the second measuring point respectively connect a thermocouple.
Further, the altitude range of described first measuring point and the second measuring point is 1/3 height-2/3 height of experiment pipeline section, makes
Experiment pipeline section outside wall temperature in the middle part of the experiment with measuring pipeline section of two thermocouples and internal layer heat-insulation layer outside wall temperature, the temperature recorded
Data have more the representativeness of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment.
The control method of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton, comprises the following steps:
S11, two thermocouples experiments of measuring pipeline section outside wall temperature Tw1 and temperature Tw2 of internal layer heat-insulation layer outer wall respectively, record
Temperature signal is sent to arithmetic and control unit；
S12, arithmetic and control unit compare the size of Tw1, Tw2, if Tw1 > Tw2 jumps to step S13；If Tw1 < Tw2, jump
Forward step S14 to；If Tw1=Tw2, jump to step S11；
S13, the thermal compensation heating power of raising thermal compensation silk, jump to step S11；
S14, the thermal compensation heating power of reduction thermal compensation silk, jump to step S11.
The main thought of above-mentioned control method is during Experiment of Thermophysics, remains by the way of thermal compensation is heated
Experiment pipeline section outside wall surface is identical with the temperature of the outside wall surface of internal layer heat-insulation layer, to form adiabatic condition.
Further, in step S13, the method for the thermal compensation heating power improving thermal compensation silk is: ultramagnifier reduces access
The resistance of series loop, improves the electric current of series loop.
Further, in step S14, the method for the thermal compensation heating power reducing thermal compensation silk is: ultramagnifier increases access
The resistance of series loop, reduces the electric current of series loop.
To sum up, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, thermal compensation silk of the present invention uses electrically heated mode to carry out thermal compensation, utilizes the heat distributed of thermal compensation silk to make experiment
Temperature around region residing for pipeline section outer wall is equal, reaches thermal equilibrium condition, it is to avoid the heat in experiment pipeline section outwards scatters and disappears；Add
The power of heat can adjust according to different experiment conditions, it also avoid the difference that heat dissipation capacity size causes because of experiment condition difference
Different, provide stable thermal balance environment for Experiment of Thermophysics.
2, the present invention is also provided with two thermocouple measurement experiment pipeline section outside wall temperatures and internal layer heat-insulation layer outside wall temperature, and
Thermal compensation silk heating power is regulated by feedback circuit, identical to reach area ambient temperature residing for experiment pipeline section outside wall surface, with
Reach thermal balance and form adiabatic condition；Once temperature is variant, adjusted the heating power of thermal compensation silk, control by feedback circuit
System is more accurate, the thermal nonequilibrium environment more fast and stable in Experiment of Thermophysics can be adjusted to thermal balance environment, Yi Jibao
Hold stablizing of thermal balance environment, for Accurate Determining flow working medium caloric receptivity, obtain reliable experimental data and provide support, improve
The precision of vehicle repair major Experiment of Thermophysics and reliability.
3, present configuration is the compactest, easy to use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of embodiment schematic diagram of the ultramagnifier in embodiment 4.
In accompanying drawing, labelling and corresponding parts title: 1-test pipeline section；2-internal layer heat-insulation layer；3-outer layer heat-insulation layer；
4-the first measuring point；5-the second measuring point；6-thermal compensation silk；7-thermocouple；8-thermal compensation power supply；9-arithmetic and control unit； 10-
Ultramagnifier；11-couples flange.
Detailed description of the invention
During Experiment of Thermophysics, for obtaining experiment pipeline section 1 outside wall surface adiabatic condition, Accurate Determining fluid caloric receptivity, must make
Experiment pipeline section 1 is in thermal balance environment, and the present invention provides a kind of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton, to accurately
Experiments of measuring data, Study of Fluid flowing heat transfer characteristic provide and ensure.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, to the detailed description further of present invention work, but embodiments of the present invention
It is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1:
As it is shown in figure 1, in Experiment of Thermophysics, experiment pipeline section 1 two ends typically by coupling flange 11 link circuit, make the working fluid from
Loop flows into loop after flowing through experiment pipeline section 1 again.
Fig. 1 is to test pipeline section 1 and Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton along testing the cross section that pipeline section 1 is axial
Figure, the Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton in the present embodiment includes internal layer heat-insulation layer 2, outer layer heat-insulation layer 3, vulcanizes
Repay silk 6, wherein:
Internal layer heat-insulation layer 2 is coated at experiment pipeline section 1 outer wall, and thermal compensation silk 6 uniform winding is outside internal layer heat-insulation layer 2, and outer layer is incubated
Layer 3 is coated on outside thermal compensation silk 6, and such thermal compensation silk 6 is between internal layer heat-insulation layer 2 and outer layer heat-insulation layer 3.Thermal compensation power supply
8 constitute a series loop with thermal compensation silk 6, and for powering to thermal compensation silk 6, in the present embodiment, thermal compensation power supply 8 is direct current
Power supply, thermal compensation silk 6 is heating wire, under the power supply of thermal compensation power supply 8, electrothermal wire heating, protects at internal layer heat-insulation layer 2 and outer layer
Generate heat between temperature layer 3, the heat-insulation layer of this subregion is heated, make temperature between experiment pipeline section 1 outer wall and internal layer heat-insulation layer 2
Degree tends to equal, sets up thermal balance environment during Experiment of Thermophysics, for Accurate Determining flow working medium caloric receptivity, obtains reliable experiment
Data provide and support, and promote precision and the reliability of vehicle repair major Experiment of Thermophysics.
To sum up, the Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton in the present embodiment can realize fluidic heat exchange of fluids experiment
During adiabatic boundary condition, make experimental situation reach thermal equilibrium state, it is adaptable to colleges and universities, the scientific research of R&D institution and work
Industry field devices design work.
Embodiment 2:
On the basis of embodiment 1, the controllability of heating, the Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance in the present embodiment during in order to improve thermal compensation
Environment automaton also includes two thermocouples 7, the temperature signal adjustment thermal compensation silk 6 gathered according to two thermocouples 7
The feedback circuit of heating power, this feedback circuit is connected in series loop.
The outer wall of described experiment pipeline section 1 is provided with the first measuring point 4, the outer wall of described internal layer heat-insulation layer 2 is provided with the second survey
Point 5, the first measuring point 4 and the second measuring point 5 respectively connect a thermocouple 7, and two thermocouples 7 connect feedback circuit, two thermocouples 7
It is respectively used to gather temperature signal and the temperature signal of internal layer heat-insulation layer 2 outer wall, the temperature signal of collection of experiment pipeline section 1 outer wall
Being sent to feedback circuit, feedback circuit adjusts the heating power of thermal compensation silk 6, specifically, experiment according to the temperature signal gathered
When temperature Tw1 of pipeline section 1 outer wall is more than temperature Tw2 of heat-insulation layer 2 outer wall, feedback circuit improves the heating power of thermal compensation silk 6；
When temperature Tw1 of experiment pipeline section 1 outer wall is less than temperature Tw2 of heat-insulation layer 2 outer wall, feedback circuit reduces the heating of thermal compensation silk 6
Power；Temperature Tw1 of experiment pipeline section 1 outer wall is made to tend to equal with temperature Tw2 of heat-insulation layer 2 outer wall, shape at experiment pipeline section 1 wall
Becoming adiabatic condition, experimental situation reaches thermal equilibrium state.
Further, the altitude range of described first measuring point 4 and the second measuring point 5 is 1/3 height-2/3 height of experiment pipeline section 1
Degree, by thermocouple 7 point layout at the medium position of test section 1, the data reliability of collection is higher.
Embodiment 3:
On the basis of embodiment 2, feedback circuit is further improved in the present embodiment:
Described feedback circuit includes arithmetic and control unit 9 and ultramagnifier 10, and arithmetic and control unit 9 has two inputs, and two is defeated
Entering to hold one thermocouple 7 of each connection, outfan connects ultramagnifier 10, the temperature letter that two thermocouples 7 are gathered by arithmetic and control unit 9
Number compare, export control signal according to comparative result to ultramagnifier；Ultramagnifier 10 is connected on thermal compensation power supply 8 and thermal compensation
Between silk 6, adjust the electric current of series loop according to the control signal of arithmetic and control unit 9.
Further, in order to prevent the electric current in series loop excessive, described series loop is also in series with current-limiting resistance,
At thermal compensation silk 6 two ends difference series limiting resistor R1 and current-limiting resistance R2 in the present embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the resistance that the electric current of regulation series loop mainly accesses series loop by regulation ultramagnifier 10 is real
Existing, its resistance accessing series loop is the biggest, and the electric current of series loop is the least, and the heating power of thermal compensation silk 6 is the least, instead
The resistance of access series loop the least, the heating power of thermal compensation silk 6 is the biggest.
The control method of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton, comprises the following steps:
S11, two thermocouples 7 experiments of measuring pipeline section 1 outside wall temperature Tw1 and temperature Tw2 of internal layer heat-insulation layer 2 outer wall respectively, survey
The temperature signal obtained is sent to arithmetic and control unit 9；
S12, arithmetic and control unit 9 compare the size of Tw1, Tw2, if Tw1 > Tw2 jumps to step S13；If Tw1 < Tw2, jump
Forward step S14 to；If Tw1=Tw2, jump to step S11；
S13, the thermal compensation heating power of raising thermal compensation silk 6, jump to step S11；
S14, the thermal compensation heating power of reduction thermal compensation silk 6, jump to step S11.
In step S13, the method for the thermal compensation heating power improving thermal compensation silk 6 is: ultramagnifier 10 reduces to access connects
The resistance in loop, improves the electric current of series loop.
In step S14, the method for the thermal compensation heating power reducing thermal compensation silk 6 is: ultramagnifier 10 increases to access connects
The resistance in loop, reduces the electric current of series loop.
Embodiment 4:
On the basis of embodiment 2 or embodiment 3, the present embodiment provides the embodiment of a kind of ultramagnifier 10.Such as Fig. 2 institute
Showing, described ultramagnifier 10 is connected in parallel on resistance R3 two after including resistance R3, resistance R4 and relay K, resistance R4 and relay K series connection
End, resistance R3 is connected between thermal compensation silk 6 and thermal compensation power supply 8 or is connected between current-limiting resistance and thermal compensation power supply 8, continues
Electrical equipment K is in normally open.
The temperature signal that two thermocouples 7 are gathered by arithmetic and control unit 9 compares, if Tw1 > Tw2, arithmetic and control unit
9 output high level signals, relay K closes, and resistance R3, resistance R4 are in parallel, and the resistance of ultramagnifier 10 reduces, series circuit current
Increasing, the thermal compensation heating power of thermal compensation silk 6 improves；If Tw1 < Tw2, arithmetic and control unit 9 output low level signal, relay
Device K disconnects, and only resistance R3 accesses series loop, and the resistance of ultramagnifier 10 increases, and series circuit current reduces, thermal compensation silk 6
Thermal compensation heating power reduces；It is achieved thereby that the automatically controlling of thermal balance environment, final experimental situation reaches thermal equilibrium state.
In actual application, it is also possible to using other mode to implement ultramagnifier 10 and arithmetic and control unit 9, arithmetic and control unit 9 uses such as
But it is not limited to the devices such as PLC, FPGA, CPLD.
Below being only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical schemes belonged under thinking of the present invention belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that, for the art
For those of ordinary skill, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, should be regarded as the protection of the present invention
Scope.
Claims (9)
1. Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton, it is characterised in that include coated experiment pipeline section (1) outer wall interior
Layer heat-insulation layer (2), it is wrapped in the outer thermal compensation silk (6) of internal layer heat-insulation layer (2), is coated on thermal compensation silk (6) outer layer insulation outward
Layer (3), the thermal compensation power supply (8) powered to thermal compensation silk (6), described thermal compensation power supply (8) constitutes one with thermal compensation silk (6)
Series loop.
Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include respectively
For gathering experiment pipeline section (1) outside wall temperature signal and two thermocouples (7), roots of internal layer heat-insulation layer (2) outside wall temperature signal
The temperature signal gathered according to two thermocouples (7) adjusts the feedback circuit of the heating power of thermal compensation silk (6), and this feedback circuit is even
Receive in series loop.
Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described feedback electricity
Road includes comparing the temperature signal gathered and exporting the arithmetic and control unit (9) of control signal, basis according to comparative result
The control signal of arithmetic and control unit (9) adjusts the ultramagnifier (10) of series loop current, and described ultramagnifier (10) is connected on to be vulcanized
Repay between power supply (8) and thermal compensation silk (6)；Two thermocouples (7) all inputs with arithmetic and control unit (9) are connected, computing control
The outfan of device processed (9) connects ultramagnifier (10).
4. according to the arbitrary described Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that institute
State and in series loop, be also in series with current-limiting resistance.
5. according to the arbitrary described Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton of claim 2 to 3, it is characterised in that institute
The outer wall stating experiment pipeline section (1) is provided with the first measuring point (4), and the outer wall of described internal layer heat-insulation layer (2) is provided with the second measuring point
(5), the first measuring point (4) and the second measuring point (5) respectively connect a thermocouple (7).
Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described first surveys
The altitude range of point (4) and the second measuring point (5) is 1/3 height-2/3 height of experiment pipeline section (1).
7. the control method of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S11, two thermocouples (7) experiments of measuring pipeline section (1) outside wall temperature Tw1 and the temperature of internal layer heat-insulation layer (2) outer wall respectively
Tw2, the temperature signal recorded is sent to arithmetic and control unit (9)；
S12, arithmetic and control unit (9) compare the size of Tw1, Tw2, if Tw1 > Tw2 jumps to step S13；If Tw1 < Tw2,
Jump to step S14；If Tw1=Tw2, jump to step S11；
S13, the thermal compensation heating power of raising thermal compensation silk (6), jump to step S11；
S14, the thermal compensation heating power of reduction thermal compensation silk (6), jump to step S11.
The control method of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
In step S13, the method for the thermal compensation heating power improving thermal compensation silk (6) is: ultramagnifier (10) reduces access series loop
Resistance, improve series loop electric current.
The control method of Experiment of Thermophysics thermal balance environment automaton the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
In step S14, the method for the thermal compensation heating power reducing thermal compensation silk (6) is: ultramagnifier (10) increases access series loop
Resistance, reduce series loop electric current.
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| CN108153347A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-12 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of core model inside pipe wall face thermal insulation control device and method |
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