CN106248325A - Extraordinary probing component wear detection method and detection equipment under a kind of liquid medium - Google Patents
Extraordinary probing component wear detection method and detection equipment under a kind of liquid medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN106248325A CN106248325A CN201610544489.8A CN201610544489A CN106248325A CN 106248325 A CN106248325 A CN 106248325A CN 201610544489 A CN201610544489 A CN 201610544489A CN 106248325 A CN106248325 A CN 106248325A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
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Abstract
The invention discloses extraordinary probing component wear detection method and detection equipment under a kind of liquid medium.Described detection method comprises the following steps: 1) reequip existing experimental machine with typical component for detection object, and design ensures the mechanism of liquid Work condition analogue, design organization is carried out strength check and structure optimization；2) for foundation design wear test and wear reason is illustrated with the wear factor affecting parts；3) according to wear reason, solution is proposed.Described detection equipment is made up of liquid environment testing agency and rotation monitor station, and described rotation monitor station is existing equipment；Described liquid environment testing agency is newly-designed equipment, including upper cover, sleeve and workbench；Described testing agency is connected on described rotation monitor station by described workbench.By using described method and apparatus, liquid environment abrasion detection can be effectively realized, analyze abrasion mechanism and influence factor and formulate solution targetedly, reduce special type probing component failure probability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geological prospecting equipment technical field, be specifically related to extraordinary probing component wear under a kind of liquid medium
Detection method and detection equipment.
Background technology
Extraordinary probing refers to the extraordinary geological drilling operation implemented in the liquid medium such as mortar or drilling fluid, such as mohole
Visit and polar drilling etc..Liquid medium high speed fluid and hard particles cause movable part wear out failure, as screw motor loses
Effect.Component failure often causes probing task to be delayed even several weeks a few days, as a example by ultra-deep is drilled, only stops to bore, overhaul every day all
Hundreds of thousands of dollars will be expended.Extraordinary probing is directly to obtain the important geological information such as objective area stratigraphic structure and distribution of mineral deposits
The only resource, regrettably, the most not yet has a kind of generally acknowledged method to detect extraordinary probing component wear and lost efficacy.
Detection method is to disclose its failure cause by component wear experiment and propose the prefered method of solution.Existing
Method can only detect the abrasion of parts under the conditions of dry friction, oil film and Water film lubricating, but cannot detect and be immersed in liquid medium work
Make the component wear situation in environment.Therefore, explore the wear detecting method of extraordinary probing parts be applicable to liquid medium to become
Advanced subject for this field.
Detection method is the prefered method occurred by understanding fully component failure reason to prevent accident.Complete detection method
Three links should be included: testing agency designs and checks, typical component lost efficacy checking and proposes solution.Utilize testing agency
Carrying out wear test, analysis abrasion mechanism and influence factor is to prevent the effective means again occurred that lost efficacy.But seldom see phase
The system closed is reported: 1) how filmlubrication testing agency solves mismatch problem, such as liquid splash；2) by component failure pair
As verifying testing agency；3) solution of its failure mechanism it is proposed for.Owing to testing agency and checking of losing efficacy are in detection
Effect in method is different, investigates mechanism's design and abrasion confirmatory experiment the most respectively, just can disclose under liquid medium extraordinary
The truth that probing component wear lost efficacy.
Therefore, this work is attempted systematically proposing the wear detecting method of extraordinary probing parts in a kind of liquid medium.With
Under liquid medium, the wear detecting method of extraordinary probing parts is object of study, in conjunction with conventional ball-dish friction and wear tester
Carry out body modification；Design and optimization testing agency, by typical component testing agency, illustrate the wear reason of parts, thus
Total solution is proposed.
1. material and method
1.1. detection method
This detection method has Trinitarian feature: mechanism's design and optimization, typical component are verified and solution.(1) with
Typical component reequips existing experimental machine for detection object, and design organization is carried out strength check and structure optimization；(2) to affect portion
The wear factor of part is for according to designing wear test and illustrating wear reason；(3) according to wear reason, solution is proposed.
1.2. testing agency's design
With special type probing parts screw motor for detection object, design inspection based on MS-T3000 ball-dish friction and wear tester
Survey mechanism.
1.2.1 wear tester is selected
1) wearing terrain: screw motor rotor
Screw motor is a kind of drilling activities parts that wear out failure easily occurs in probing.Mud flows through cavity, in cavity
Forming pressure differential drive rotor to rotate, kinetic energy is passed to drill bit by universal drive shaft by rotor.Produce between the rotor rotated and stator
Skimming wear, causes rotor cervical region failure fracture, and drill bit stops brill causes mission failure, even causes drilling accident.
Conventional solution is for changing parts and cervical region heat treatment, but has the disadvantage that 1) change parts and cannot investigate thoroughly abrasion
Reason, it is impossible to avoiding losing efficacy occurs again；2) heat treatment can only strengthen case hardness to a certain extent, it is impossible to solve to lose efficacy at all
Abrasion.And utilize detection method to carry out rotor wear test, the reason that liquid medium lower rotor part lost efficacy can be investigated thoroughly, make for
The solution of abrasion affectingfactor, prevents rotor fails.Therefore with screw motor for detection object choice frictional wear experiment
Testing agency's design is carried out based on machine.
2) ball-dish friction and wear tester
Friction wear testing machine is that component materials carries out frictional behaviour and the detecting system of wear-resisting quantification of intensities evaluation.For design
The testing agency matched with liquid environment, the condition that need to consider is: 1) in liquid environment, the factor such as contact stress causes abrasion；
2) there is sliding contact between rotor and stator；3) rotor motion form is for rotating.Select in skimming wear experiment logical in sum
MS-T3000 ball-dish friction and wear tester based on carry out testing agency's design, to drilling activities parts liquid be situated between
Abrasional behavior under matter detects.
Friction and wear tester principle is: (1) uses tribology principle and microcomputer automatic control technology between ball-dish, passes through
Load is added to, on steel ball, act on specimen surface by counterweight load maintainer；(2) rotor is fixed in detection platform, and with platform
Rotate with certain speed, make ball friction sample surface；(3) frictional force signal during sensor acquisition friction, amplified process, defeated
Enter computer and be converted to digital signal through A/D(analogue to-digital, analogue signal) change and frictional force signal is passed through
Computing obtains friction coefficient curve；(4) can get the frictional behaviour of material and wear-resisting intensity by analysis friction coefficient curve.
1.2.2 mechanical defect and improvement
Existing testing agency defect: (1) filmlubrication testing agency does not mates with liquid operating mode；(2) mechanism's design lays particular emphasis on knot
Structure designs, and lacks and checks and optimize；(3) lack typical component and mechanism is carried out functional verification.
Mechanism's design improves: (1) design ensures the mechanism of liquid Work condition analogue, and effectively control such as to slide in liquid operating mode speed
Degree, load, the influence factor such as hard particles；(2) mechanism of design is carried out strength check and structure optimization, it is ensured that mechanism's selection
Rationally, structure is efficient；(3) screw motor rotor abrasion experimental verification body function is used.
1.3 check optimization
On the basis of mechanism designs, (1) is that the mechanism's selection ensureing design rationally and runs safety, carries out strength check；(2)
Optimum for realizing structure under meeting strength condition, carry out structure optimization.
1.3.1 strength check
ANSYS finite element software is used to check and process, mainly investigate platform perigee and apogee stress and strain
Whether in the strength of materials and range of strain.Concretely comprise the following steps: (1) sets up model；(2) material properties is arranged；(3) cell type
Arrange；(4) stress and strain model；(5) contact is arranged；(6) loading solves；(7) post processing.Experiment uses used by screw motor rotor
Hardmetal materials, with reference to the association attributes of experimental conditions definition material: test piece elastic modelling quantityPoisson's ratio。
1.3.2 structure optimization
Use zeroth order method that testing agency is carried out structure optimization.Zeroth order method is a kind of general method for optimization analysis, and it leads to
Cross and object function is added penalty function problem is converted into unrestricted optimization problem, then set up object function with curve matching
With the relation between design variable realizes approaching, every suboptimization circulation can generate a new data point, can effectively process
Most of engineering problems.
The structural optimization problems of testing agency can be summarized as: under the conditions of meeting stress constraint, selects testing agency's work
The size of platform i.e. convex platform thickness T1, halfpace thickness T2, boss blind hole and through-hole aperture Φ etc., as design variable, make reality
Testing platform overall volume minimum, its mathematical model is:
；
Objective optimization function:
In formula:Volume/the m of single unit body is extracted for ANSYS3; For cell cube cumulative volume and/m3。
Strength constraint equationFor:
In formula:Allowable stress 178MPa for material；N is real work load/N；For reduction coefficient；For unit
Body section area/m2.
WhereinFor target volume function,For design variable；For constraint equation.
1.4. wear and tear confirmatory experiment
Using screw motor rotor wear test that detection method carries out functional verification, experiment is equipped with designed testing agency
Carry out on ball-dish wear tester.The material that experiment is used, condition and test are as shown in table 1.
2. result and discussion
For ensureing the safe operation of movable part under liquid medium, propose to be applicable under liquid medium extraordinary drilling activities parts
Wear detecting method.Complete testing agency's design, on the basis of checking and optimizing, utilize screw motor rotor wear test to test
Card detection method, illustrates rotor fails mechanism and proposes solution.
The design of 2.1 testing agencies
For solving existing testing agency and the unmatched problem of liquid environment.The testing agency of design will be provided with following functions: (1)
Design ensures the sleeve of liquid environment simulation, superstructure, solves liquid splash problem；(2) design carrying liquid environment side
The workbench that civilian dress carries；3) suitable parts connected mode is selected, convenient connection and dismounting.
2.1.1 structure design
Testing agency includes upper cover, sleeve and workbench.Wherein upper cover is installed on the top of sleeve, and sleeve is installed on workbench
On, between upper cover, sleeve and workbench, it is separately installed with O type rubber seal.Whole testing agency is connected by workbench
On former rotation monitor station, rubber seal is used to connect therebetween.
In testing agency: (1), in order to easy for installation and firm, upper cover is threaded connection and is installed on sleeve, and sleeve passes through
Screw is connected and installed on workbench；(2) in order to prevent liquid splash, keep good sealing and anti-interference, upper cover and
Between sleeve, O type rubber seal is installed between sleeve and workbench；(3) in order to prevent testing agency and original rotation inspection
Occur between scaffold tower relatively to slide, use the rubber seal coupling fastening and easy accessibility to connect therebetween；(4) real for convenience
Testing personnel's observation, the sleeve of this testing agency uses visual strong PC material.The convex platform of workbench is provided with multiple screw thread
Blind hole is used for rotor material clamping.
2.1.2 operation principle
Testing agency's operation principle is: the testing agency adding experimental liquid is connected to rotate monitor station by (1) by sealing ring
On, adjust counterweight location bar, make friction ball contact with lower friction material；(2) testing agency will rotate with rotation test platform, can
Record rotor friction and wear behavior under different liquid mediums；(3) experiment terminate after, adnexa testing agency can easily from
Take off on rotation test platform, liquid splash will not occur and to phenomenons such as the pollutions of experimental machine.
2.2 finite elements are checked and are optimized
For ensureing that testing agency has enough intensity and optimum structure.After completing testing agency's design, two pieces thing to be done
Feelings: (1) combines finite element static analysis method and testing agency is carried out strength check；(2) use zeroth order method to testing agency
Carry out structure optimization.
2.2.1 model is set up and simplifies
In the design, workbench is the force part of testing agency, uses finite element software that workbench is carried out static numerical simulation
Analyze, verify its structural safety and stability.It is as follows that parameter checked by workbench: material 45 steel, density is 7.8 g/cm3, bullet
Property modulus 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3, yield strength be not less than 355 MPa.Safety coefficient takes 2, and therefore allowable stress [σ] is
178 MPa
When complicated entity being set up model according to finite element analysis requirement and actual loading condition, stress need to be retained as far as possible
Position, simplifies and does not stresses or force analysis is affected small part.Mainly include two aspects that
(1) check workbench: the workbench of 45 steel is connected by screw with the sleeve of PC material, when experiment, be carried in work
Load on platform, is even negligible the impact of sleeve and upper cover is the least.Therefore the finite element of testing agency is tied
Structure analysis can be reduced to only analysis to workbench.
(2) load acts on workbench: when experiment, and load is carried in by the fixing test specimen on the table of fixture
On.But consider that its test specimen is generally sheeting, the load transmission between test specimen and workbench can be ignored when finite element analysis.
Therefore both can be regarded as an entirety.So load assume that as acting directly on workbench.
2.2.2 divide emulation grid
Computational accuracy and calculating scale will be had a direct impact by solid element workbench stress and strain model form.Number of grid affects
The precision of result of calculation and the size of the scale of calculating, the density of grid distribution affects the accuracy of computational analysis.Therefore, in conjunction with work
The actual loading situation of station, keep number of grid appropriateness and workbench different parts use the different zoned format of density with
Ensure precision and the computational efficiency of result of calculation.Solid 95 unit using finite element software to provide carries out tetrahedral grid and draws
Point.
2.2.3 boundary condition and check result
The boundary condition analysis of workbench: in wear test, acts on abrading-ball on the sample being installed in workbench.According to upper
State analysis, abrading-ball be may be assumed that for acting directly on workbench, be fixed on experimental machine simultaneously bottom workbench and rotate monitor station
On, application point apart from minimum 10 mm, is 25 mm away from table core to the maximum, and effect maximum load is 100 N.
(1) when the load of 100N acts on distance table core 10 mm, the maximum strain of generation is about 4.8e-4, work
The least deformation of station is in the safety range of material；The maximum stress produced is about 59 MPa, and allowable much smaller than material should
Power 178 MPa, in the range of material safety.
(2) when the load of 100 N acts at distance table core 25 mm, the maximum strain of generation is about 8.7e-4, strain the least, in the safety range of material；The maximum stress produced is about 111 MPa, less than the allowable stress 178 of material
MPa, in the safety range of material.
In sum, by relative analysis, at remote node, stress and strain are about the most closely twice at node.
Due to this 2 maximums representing stress respectively and minima, so the ess-strain at other nodes is also interval at this
In.Therefore, workbench is to run in a safety range.Therefore use the workbench of 45 steel processing to meet design requirement, it is ensured that
Safety that testing agency runs and stability.
From workbench static numerical simulation analysis, the workbench of design disclosure satisfy that working strength and uses requirement.But
There is problems of, make Working table structure optimum the most on this basis.To this end, utilize finite element software APDL language and
Optimizing design module and its volume is optimized design, optimizing purpose is on the premise of meeting working strength requirement so that
Structure is optimum, and volume is minimum.
2.2.4 Optimal Structure Designing
Testing agency optimizes and can be summarized as: under the conditions of meeting stress constraint, selects the size i.e. epirelief of testing agency's workbench
Platform thickness, halfpace thickness, boss blind hole and through-hole aperture etc., as design variable, make experiment porch overall volume minimum,
Its mathematical model is:；
Objective optimization function:
In formula:Volume/the m of single unit body is extracted for ANSYS3;For cell cube cumulative volume and/m3。
Strength constraint equationFor:
In formula:Allowable stress 178MPa for material；N is real work load/N；For reduction coefficient；For unit
Body section area/m2。
WhereinFor target volume function,For design variable；For constraint equation.
Mechanism Optimization can choose the physical dimension of workbench as design variable, as workbench convex platform thickness, in
Between land thickness, the thickness of bottom annulus, workbench blind hole and through-hole aperture etc., but choose too many design variable and can make to receive
Hold back the probability in local minimum to increase, even cause when processing nonlinearity problem and do not restrain.
Therefore, in this model, it is contemplated that the size on volume impact, the convex platform thickness T1 of workbench, middle flat is chosen
Blind hole on platform thickness T2, workbench and the aperture Φ of through hole are as design variable.Design variable will be defined on a reasonable model
In enclosing, the excessive design space that can not have represented of scope, and the too small design that may eliminate of scope.Therefore, at the beginning of variable
Initial value is set as convex platform thickness T1=3mm, excursion ± 1.5mm；Halfpace thickness T2=6 mm, excursion ± 2mm；
Blind hole and through-hole aperture Φ=5mm, owing to screw is standard value, so diameter change Φ takes 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 6mm, 7mm
Several values.State variable is typically the dependent variable parameter of control design case variable, needs to select enough state variables to retrain and sets
Meter.In working model, the main strength condition considering to meet workbench, therefore extracts the maximum stress of workbench as shape
State variable, maximum stress is at distance convex platform center 25mm, and maximum is about 111 MPa, extracts maximum equivalent σ and sets
It is set to state variable.The final purpose of workbench optimization design is under conditions of satisfied giving, its weight to be minimized,
For the workbench of even density, workbench volume to be made minimizes, and therefore extracts the cumulative volume V of workbench and is set as
Object function.
During optimizing analysis, use APDL Parametric Language to write corresponding finite element optimum design subprogram, adjust
The finite element optimization analysis of workbench can be completed by program.
2.3 detection method abrasion confirmatory experiments
The reason that contrast rotor material is tested under dry friction, water and slurry environment is: (1) finds liquid medium lower rotor part
Wear characteristic, inquires into abrasion mechanism under its liquid medium.(2) contrast rotor material abrasion machine under unlubricated friction scrape along liquid medium
Reason, differentiates abrasion affectingfactor.
2.3.1 wear factor analysis
Fretting wear refers to occur between the contact surface of two mutual motions, the factor inputted cause according to physics and chemistry rule
Contact surface geometry and the process of change of component.Screw motor rotor wear out failure input factor be mainly surrounding medium,
Contact material physical characteristic and load.Particularly as follows: sliding speed, contact stress, hard particles, surface roughness, skin covering of the surface with
And electrolyte solution.
2.3.2 the wear test result of rotor
(A) Analysis of Friction Coefficient
Dry friction: in the starting stage, stator and rotor contact, cause surface fracture, abrasive dust produces, and shows as coefficient of friction progressively
Increase.Engagement stage, rotor surface is cut by the micro-peak of stator surface hard metal, cut is occurred, shows as roughness and increases,
Abrasive dust gradually accumulates, and coefficient of friction increases sharply.Stablizing wear stage, rotor surface rate of depreciation tends towards stability, and shows as
In stable surface roughness and coefficient of friction.
Water lubrication: form thin lubricating film between contact surface and reduce the CONTACT WITH FRICTION of micro-bulge.Water takes away frictional heat and mill
Bits, contact surface is the most smooth compared with dry friction, and therefore roughness and friction co-efficient value are the least compared with dry friction.But still have one
The granule ground off a bit and asperity contact, cause friction coefficient curve to produce certain fluctuation.
Mud lubrication: there is one layer of thicker lubricating film between rotor and stator, significantly reduce the two surface micro-bulge
Contact, surface roughness and coefficient of friction are decreased obviously.But because of the existence of granule in liquid medium so that rotor and hard particles
Contact, roughness and coefficient of friction periodically fluctuate up and down.
When load is 15 N, rotor is respectively as follows: at the average friction coefficient under dry friction, water lubrication, mud lubrication
0.28、0.17、0.13.Rotor roughness under three kinds of operating modes is respectively as follows: 26.58 nm, 18.92 nm, 13.86 nm.
(B) wear rate analysis
The wear rate that rotor is corresponding under the conditions of dry friction, water and mud is followed successively by 3.3 × 10-7 mm3/ N・m、1.5×10-7
mm3/ N・m、1.2×10-7 mm3/N・m。
(1) under DRY SLIDING: A) rotor, stator surface micro-bulge directly contact generation base plastic deformation；B) micro-
Mutually cutting between convex body, the hard particles ground off produces secondary cut to matrix；C) frictional heat accelerates surface oxide breakage.Knot
Really, compared to water and mud lubrication, under dry friction, wear rate is maximum.
(2) under water lubrication and mud lubrication: A) there is lubricating film between contact surface, decrease stator and rotor surface micro-bulge
Directly contact；B) liquid washes away the hard particles ground off, it is to avoid secondary weares and teares.
So the wear rate of water lubrication and mud lubrication lower rotor part is significantly less than dry friction.Again because moistening within the specific limits
The thickness of synovial membrane is directly proportional to the ion concentration of solution, and therefore the thickness under mud is greater than water lubrication, surface micro-bulge and hard
The probability that matter granule contacts in film is less than water lubrication, so the wear rate under slurry environment is less than water lubrication.
2.3.3 abrasion mechanism model
Owing to rotor fails is the multi-form compound inefficacy of multifactor multi-mode.For building rotor fails mechanism, illustrate inefficacy
Reason, formulates step as follows: (1) analyzes abrasion affectingfactor；(2) according to wear morphology, failure type is determined；(3) according to rubbing
Wipe coefficient, surface roughness, wear rate, modification of surface morphology structure abrasion mechanism.
A) dry friction:
Under DRY SLIDING, the ditch dug with a plow that rotor surface occurs belongs to typical abrasive wear, simultaneous hole, crackle,
Belong to fatigue wear.Abrasion mechanism is: rotor surface abrasion is divided into four-stage.(1) contact: rotor connects with stator surface
Touching, now coefficient of friction is 0.18, along with sliding speed, contact stress and contact area are gradually increased, and rotor surface oxide-film
Rupturing, surface roughness and coefficient of friction are gradually increased；(2) plastic deformation: the direct stress applied at stator and horizontal cutting should
Under power and frictional heat effect, rotor surface crimp, cobalt is extruded surface, and part WC particle is exposed out, and coefficient of friction is bent
Line persistently rises, and increases to about 0.3, and rotor surface roughness is increased to 28nm；(3) ditch dug with a plow is formed: in contact stress effect
Under the WC particle that exposes gradually come off into abrasive dust with the cobalt being extruded, the WC particle simultaneously come off scratches rotor surface and forms hole
Hole and ditch dug with a plow；(4) crackle produces: along with rotor rotates, abrasive dust is gradually ground off, and fresh contact surface is exposed out, and ditch dug with a plow is following
Becoming formation of crack under Zernike annular polynomial effect, passage crackle produces and merges into macroscopic cracking over time, and abrasion is further exacerbated by.?
During dry friction, the inefficacy abrasion of rotor is abrasive wear and fatigue wear, and based on abrasive wear.
B) water lubrication:
Under water environment conditions, there is more crackle different in size and the hole of comparatively dense in rotor surface.Abrasion mechanism is: turn
Sub-surface inefficacy abrasion is divided into five stages.(1) contact: rotor contacts with stator, and frictional heat is taken away by current, without metal
Sticking together effect, coefficient of friction is about 0.16；(2) transfer membrane is formed: rotor surface reacts under aqueous medium, is formed very thin
, the transfer membrane of low shear strength, thus decrease and directly the contacting of stator surface；(3) plastic deformation: the souring of water
Make transfer membrane can not stable existence, simultaneously rotor surface asperity contact, coefficient of friction increase；At direct stress and the work of shearing stress
Under with, rotor surface generation plastic deformation, cohere phase Co and extruded between WC grain；(4) crackle produces: Co quilt between WC grain
Extrusion, produces intercrystalline crack, and the surface integrity of hard alloy is destroyed, and skeleton instability, in direct stress and shearing stress
The lower crackle of effect expands, and gradually converges as macroscopic cracking；(5) electrochemical corrosion: water enters into takes away abrasive dust in crackle, make fresh
Surface exposure, dissolves Cl simultaneously in water-Plasma, forms local galvanic element at exposed surface, occurs rotor matrix electrochemistry rotten
Erosion, forms pit and crackle.Therefore rotor abrasion under the conditions of water lubrication is mainly based on fatigue wear, along with micro-electrification
Learn corrosive wear.
C) mud lubrication:
Under the conditions of mud lubrication, it is less to there are some diameters in interface, and the pit that the degree of depth is bigger, interface is the most smooth simultaneously.Mill
Damage mechanism is: rotor surface abrasion is divided into five stages.(1) lubricating film is formed: mud has the existence of lubricant, the denseest
Degree is relatively big, forms lubrication thick film between rotor and stator, and its thickness is more than rotor and the nao-and micro relief of stator surface, greatly subtracts
The two surface asperity contact few, therefore, surface roughness is less than dry friction, and coefficient of friction is about 0.13；(2) plasticity becomes
Shape: with some hard particles in mud, with rotor and stator contact wear and tear, causes surface irregularity to increase, result
A small amount of asperity contact occurring in lubricating film, causes rotor surface local plastic deformation, cobalt is extruded；(3) pit is formed: cobalt
Forming microscopic pockets after being extruded, the WC particle of binder free is broken under contact stress effect simultaneously comes off, and locally pit converges
It is polymerized to macroscopic view pit；(4) heavy wear: the abrasive dust of WC particle and cobalt composition is scattered in mud, makes the unsalted surface in pit
Going round and beginning again and wear and tear, pit expands；(5) electrochemical corrosion: owing to a large amount of electrolyte in mud and pit provide relatively
Big contact surface so that on rotor matrix, quantity and the corrosion rate of galvanic element are significantly greater than aqueous medium, causes WC to dissolve and accelerates,
Pit depth is more than under the conditions of water lubrication.In mud, screw motor rotor with electrochemical corrosion be main exist simultaneously a small amount of
Abrasive wear.
2.3.4 wear and tear solution
Draw the most afterwards: the mechanism that under (1) liquid medium, screw motor lost efficacy is the abrasive particle mill between stator and rotor interface
Damage, fatigue wear and electrochemical corrosion abrasion；(2) concrete abrasion affectingfactor is sliding speed, contact stress, hard particles
And electrolyte corrosion.Therefore with concrete influence factor as foundation, the solution for different abrasion mechanisms is designed.
A: abrasive wear: the damaged surfaces form after method test is scratch after testing, scratches, ditch dug with a plow and pit；Impact
Wear factor is hard particles quantity and size in environmental liquids, the case hardness of hard alloy and contact stress.
Solution is: (1) slush pump installs drainage screen or centrifugal device additional and circulating liquid medium is carried out particle filtering；
(2) the hardness less hard alloy of higher binding agent is used；(3) for the formulation technological process of material allowable stress: reasonable arrangement
Accelerate, control hole deviation degree, prevent bigger stress mutation, reduce material eccentric wear.
B: fatigue wear: the damaged surfaces form after method test is spot corrosion, crackle and delamination after testing.Impact abrasion because of
Element is pulsating stress, surface roughness, fault in material.
Solution is: rotor is made annealing treatment by (1), reduces the hole of rotor itself, crack defect；(2) machinery
After processing rotor, rotor surface is polished, reduces surface roughness, prevent crack initiation (3) from preventing in drilling process
Speed and hole angle sudden change cause local stress excessive, and cracks can spread is accelerated.
C: electrochemical corrosion is worn and torn: the damaged surfaces form after method test is the pit that the degree of depth is bigger after testing.Impact
Wear factor is materials chemistry composition, corrosive medium, load and slurry erosion speed.
Solution is: (1) is changed faster than WC-Co hard alloy passivation speed, the WC-Ni-Mo that corrosion rate is low；(2)
At rotor surface hot spraying metal ceramic, such as Ti(C, N) based ceramic metal powder, improves the corrosion resistance of matrix.
Summary of the invention
For effectively investigating thoroughly extraordinary probing component failure reason under liquid medium, generation of preventing accident, the present invention provides one
Plant extraordinary probing component wear detection method and equipment under liquid medium.By using described method and apparatus, can be effectively
Realize liquid environment abrasion detection, analyze abrasion mechanism and influence factor and formulate solution targetedly, reduce special type and bore
Visit component failure probability.
For realizing above-mentioned target, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
Under a kind of liquid medium, extraordinary probing component wear detection method, said method comprising the steps of: (1) is with typical component
For detection object reequip existing experimental machine, design ensure liquid Work condition analogue mechanism, design organization is carried out strength check and
Structure optimization；(2) for foundation design wear test and wear reason is illustrated with the wear factor affecting parts；(3) according to abrasion
Reason proposes solution.
Preferably, the existing experimental machine in described step 1) refers to ball-dish friction and wear tester.
Strength check in described step 1) uses Finite Element Static Analysis method to check and process, and mainly investigates work
Whether station perigee and apogee stress and strain be in the strength of materials and range of strain.
Concretely comprising the following steps of described Finite Element Static Analysis method: (1) sets up model；(2) material properties is arranged；(3) single
Element type is arranged；(4) stress and strain model；(5) contact is arranged；(6) loading solves；(7) post processing.
Described step 1) use zeroth order method testing agency is carried out structure optimization.
Extraordinary probing component wear detection equipment under one liquid medium, by liquid environment testing agency and rotation monitor station
Composition, described rotation monitor station is existing equipment；Described liquid environment testing agency is newly-designed equipment, including upper cover, set
Cylinder and workbench.Described upper cover is installed on the top of described sleeve, and described sleeve is installed on described workbench, on described
Cover, between sleeve and workbench, be separately installed with O type rubber seal.Described testing agency is connected to institute by described workbench
State on rotation monitor station, between described workbench with described rotation monitor station, use rubber seal to be connected.
Described upper cover is threaded connection and is installed on described sleeve, and described sleeve is connected by screw and is installed on described workbench
On；O type rubber seal is installed between described upper cover and described sleeve, between described sleeve and described workbench, O is installed
Type rubber seal；Rubber seal is used to connect between described testing agency and described rotation monitor station；Described sleeve uses
Visual strong PC material；Described workbench includes convex platform, and described convex platform is provided with tapped blind hole.
Advantages of the present invention and having the beneficial effect that
1) special type in a kind of liquid medium that proposes of system drills the wear detecting method of parts, including mechanism's design with excellent
Change, typical component is verified and solution, and described method has filled up the blank of the art；
2) described testing agency installs simple and convenient, and experiment is visual and interference resistance is strong, can be effectively realized liquid environment mill
Damage detection；
2) structure of described testing agency meets requirement of strength volume minimum simultaneously, reduces material consumption, extends the experimental machine life-span；
3) under liquid medium, the screw motor rotor abrasion described detection method function of experimental verification can be used, and rotor is at liquid medium
Lower abrasion is abrasive wear, corrosive wear and fatigue wear；
4) described detection method has been successfully applied to screw motor, and the wear-resistant solution of specific aim proposed can solve
The certainly wear out failure of screw motor, extends the life-span.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is extraordinary probing component wear assay device structures figure under a kind of liquid medium of the present invention.
In figure, 1 is upper cover, and 2 is sleeve, and 3 is workbench, and 4 is O type rubber seal, and 5 is the top view of testing agency, 6
Being the front view of testing agency, 7 is the side top view of testing agency.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment
Under a kind of liquid medium, extraordinary probing component wear detection method, said method comprising the steps of: (1) is with special type
As a example by probing parts screw motor, design liquid Work condition analogue testing machine based on MS-T3000 ball-dish friction and wear tester
Structure, carries out strength check and structure optimization to design organization；(2) wear test is designed with the wear factor affecting parts for foundation
And illustrate wear reason；(3) according to wear reason, solution is proposed.
Strength check in described step 1) uses ANSYS finite element software to check and process, and mainly investigates
Whether platform perigee and apogee stress and strain be in the strength of materials and range of strain.Concretely comprise the following steps: (1) sets up model；
(2) material properties is arranged；(3) cell type is arranged；(4) stress and strain model；(5) contact is arranged；(6) loading solves；(7) locate afterwards
Reason.
Experiment uses the Hardmetal materials used by screw motor rotor, with reference to the relevant genus of experimental conditions definition material
Property: material 45 steel, density is 7.8 g/cm3, elastic modelling quantity 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3, yield strength is not less than 355 MPa.
Safety coefficient takes 2, and therefore allowable stress [σ] is 178 Mpa.Solid 95 unit using finite element software to provide carries out four sides
Volume mesh divides.The boundary condition of workbench be application point away from table core apart from minimum 10 mm, be 25 mm to the maximum, make
It is 100 N by maximum load.
Check result is: (1) when the load of 100N act on distance table core 10 mm time, the maximum strain of generation
It is about 4.8e-4, the least deformation of workbench is in the safety range of material.Workbench maximum stress is about 59 MPa, is much smaller than
Allowable stress 178 MPa of material, in the range of material safety.(2) distance table core 25 is acted on when the load of 100 N
Time at mm, strain maximum is 8.7e-4, strain the least, in the safety range of material.Maximum stress is about 111 MPa, is less than
Allowable stress 178 MPa of material, in the safety range of material.Want so using the workbench of 45 steel processing to meet design
Ask, it is ensured that the safety of testing agency's operation and stability.
The APDL language and the optimization design module that utilize finite element software are optimized design to the volume of workbench, optimize
Purpose is on the premise of meeting working strength requirement so that structure is optimum, and volume is minimum.
Choose the blind hole on the convex platform thickness T1 of workbench, halfpace thickness T2, workbench and the aperture Φ of through hole
As design variable.Variable initial value is set as convex platform thickness T1=3 mm, excursion ± 1.5 mm；Halfpace thickness
T2=6 mm, excursion ± 2 mm；Blind hole and through-hole aperture Φ=5 mm, owing to screw is standard value, so diameter change Φ
Take 3.5 mm, 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 6 mm, the 7 several values of mm.Extract maximum equivalent σ of workbench and be set as that state becomes
Amount.Extract the cumulative volume V of workbench and be set as object function.
Final optimization pass result is blind hole and through-hole aperture chooses 5 mm, convex platform thickness T1=2.3420 mm, halfpace
Thickness T2=4.5706 mm, now workbench volume decreases about 23% compared with before optimization, it is achieved that workbench optimization design
Purpose.
In described step 2) in carry out wear test with screw motor rotor for detection part, and at dry friction, water and mud
Under slurry environment, rotor material is implemented contrast experiment.
Experimental result is: when load is 15 N, rotor is at the average friction under dry friction, water lubrication, mud lubrication
Coefficient is respectively as follows: 0.28,0.17,0.13.Rotor roughness under three kinds of operating modes be respectively as follows: 26.58 nm, 18.92 nm,
13.86 nm.Rotor wear rate under the conditions of dry friction, water and mud is followed successively by 3.3 × 10-7 mm3/ N・m、1.5×10-7
mm3/ N・m、1.2×10-7 mm3/N・m。
Conclude that the mechanism that under (1) liquid medium, screw motor lost efficacy is between stator and rotor interface the most afterwards
Abrasive wear, fatigue wear and electrochemical corrosion abrasion；(2) concrete abrasion affectingfactor be sliding speed, contact stress,
Hard particles and electrolyte corrosion.
With concrete influence factor for according to for different abrasion mechanisms, design solution is as follows:
A: abrasive wear: the damaged surfaces form after method test is scratch, scuffing, ditch dug with a plow and pit after testing；Impact abrasion
Factor is hard particles quantity and size in environmental liquids, the case hardness of hard alloy and contact stress.
Solution is: (1) slush pump installs drainage screen or centrifugal device additional and circulating liquid medium is carried out particle filtering；
(2) the hardness less hard alloy of higher binding agent is used；(3) for the formulation technological process of material allowable stress: reasonable arrangement
Accelerate, control hole deviation degree, prevent bigger stress mutation, reduce material eccentric wear.
B: fatigue wear: the damaged surfaces form after method test is spot corrosion, crackle and delamination after testing.Impact abrasion because of
Element is pulsating stress, surface roughness and fault in material.
Solution is: rotor is made annealing treatment by (1), reduces the hole of rotor itself, crack defect；(2) machinery
After processing rotor, rotor surface is polished, reduces surface roughness, prevent crack initiation；(3) prevent in drilling process
Speed and hole angle sudden change cause local stress excessive, and cracks can spread is accelerated.
C: electrochemical corrosion is worn and torn: the damaged surfaces form after method test is the pit that the degree of depth is bigger after testing.Impact
Wear factor is materials chemistry composition, corrosive medium, load and slurry erosion speed.
Solution is: (1) changes the WC-Ni-Mo faster than WC-Co hard alloy passivation speed, corrosion rate is low；(2)
At rotor surface hot spraying metal ceramic, such as Ti(C, N) based ceramic metal powder, improves the corrosion resistance of matrix.
See accompanying drawing 1, extraordinary probing component wear detection equipment under a kind of liquid medium, by liquid environment testing agency and
Rotation monitor station forms, and described rotation monitor station is existing equipment MS-T3000 ball-dish friction and wear tester；Described liquid ring
Border testing agency is newly-designed equipment, including upper cover (1), sleeve (2) and workbench (3).Described upper cover (1) is installed on described
The top of sleeve (2), described sleeve (2) is installed on described workbench (3), at described upper cover (1), sleeve (2) and workbench
(3) O type rubber seal (4) it is separately installed with between.Described testing agency is connected to described rotation by described workbench (3)
On monitor station, rubber seal (4) between described workbench (3) with described rotation monitor station, is used to be connected.
Described upper cover (1) is threaded connection and is installed on described sleeve (2), and described sleeve (2) is connected by screw and is installed on
On described workbench (3)；O type rubber seal (4), described sleeve are installed between described upper cover (1) and described sleeve (2)
And O type rubber seal (4) is installed between described workbench (3) (2)；Between described testing agency and described rotation monitor station
Rubber seal (4) is used to connect；Described sleeve (2) uses visual strong PC material；Described workbench (3) includes epirelief
Platform, described convex platform is provided with tapped blind hole.
It is last that it is noted that obviously above-described embodiment is only for clearly demonstrating example of the present invention, and also
The non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also do on the basis of the above description
Go out change or the variation of other multi-form.Here without also cannot all of embodiment be given exhaustive.And thus drawn
That stretches out obviously changes or changes among still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. extraordinary probing component wear detection method under a liquid medium, it is characterised in that described detection method includes following
Step: 1) reequip existing experimental machine with typical component for detection object, design ensures the mechanism of liquid Work condition analogue, to design machine
Structure carries out strength check and structure optimization；2) with the wear factor that affects parts for according to design wear test and to illustrate abrasion former
Cause；3) according to wear reason, solution is proposed.
2. extraordinary probing component wear detection method under a kind of liquid medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: preferably
Ground, the existing experimental machine in described step 1) refers to ball-dish friction and wear tester.
3. extraordinary probing component wear detection method under a kind of liquid medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Strength check in step 1) uses Finite Element Static Analysis method to check and process, mainly investigate platform perigee and
Whether apogee stress and strain be in the strength of materials and range of strain.
4. extraordinary probing component wear detection method under a kind of liquid medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Step 1) use zeroth order method testing agency is carried out structure optimization.
5. extraordinary probing component wear detection equipment under a liquid medium, it is characterised in that: described detection equipment is by liquid ring
Border testing agency and rotation monitor station composition, described rotation monitor station is existing equipment；Described liquid environment testing agency is new
The equipment of design, including upper cover, sleeve and workbench；Described upper cover is installed on the top of described sleeve, and described sleeve is installed on
On described workbench, between described upper cover, sleeve and workbench, it is separately installed with O type rubber seal；Described testing agency
It is connected on described rotation monitor station by described workbench, between described workbench and described rotation monitor station, uses rubber close
Seal connects.
6. extraordinary probing component wear detection equipment under a kind of liquid medium as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: described
Upper cover is threaded connection and is installed on described sleeve, and described sleeve is connected by screw and is installed on described workbench.
7. extraordinary probing component wear detection equipment under a kind of liquid medium as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: described
Sleeve uses visual strong PC material；Described workbench includes convex platform, and described convex platform is provided with tapped blind hole.
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| CN2241877Y (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1996-12-04 | 江西省交通科学技术研究所 | Cantilever hanging bridge beam detection and maintenance trail car |
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Application publication date: 20161221 |