CN106246269B - A kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system and its optimal control method - Google Patents
A kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system and its optimal control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system and its optimal control method, the present invention can adjust gas circuit structure according to current working, change access system compression connection in series-parallel relation between turbine set quantity and unit, the system is directed to simultaneously, proposes a kind of double-deck prediction optimization control strategy.Solve the problems, such as the fixed flowage structure of tradition with gas storage pressure change and compressed-air energy-storage system input-output power need during wide variation caused compression bloating plant off-design operating mode, effectively increase overall cycle efficieny and the control flexibility of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system and its optimal control method.
Background technology
Conventional energy resource increasingly depleted and environmental pollution are on the rise so that the renewable energy power generation such as wind energy, solar energy obtains
Great concern and development.But its power can be caused in discontinuous, unstable, uncontrollable Unsteady characteristics of the raw energy
It is difficult to effectively prediction, scheduling and control, seriously restricts its development and utilize.Energy storage technology can carry out space-time translation to electric energy,
One kind is provided to stabilize regenerative resource power swing, the improvement quality of power supply, improving the stability of a system and reliability etc. effectively
Means, indispensable part and vital technical support were utilized on a large scale as regenerative resource already.
Compressed air energy storage technology because its have energy storage cost it is low, it is environment-friendly, be lost without phase transformation the advantages of and turn near
The extensive energy storage technology to be received much concern over year.In order to improve the energy density of compressed-air energy-storage system and power density, mesh
Preceding most compressed-air energy-storage system all takes multi-stage compression, the cascaded structure of multiple expansion, but compressed-air energy storage
During system charge or discharge, the air pressure of air accumulator will constantly change, compressor expanding machine real work compression ratio
The ratio of expansion ratio off-design, this causes compressor, expansion unit most of time to be operated under conditions of off-design behaviour,
Even exceed working range, cause system circulation efficiency and economy to be greatly lowered, whole system is in unstable operation shape
State.
In order to overcome above mentioned problem, many compressed-air energy-storage systems are using the method for limitation gas storage pressure change, gas storage
Pressure, which is limited in the excursion of very little, to be run, to prevent compression, turbine plant from deviateing rated designs operating mode on a large scale, such as
Germany Hunterf power stations air storage chamber nominal pressure 72bar, but during normal operation pressure limit be only 46bar~
66bar, cause compressed-air energy-storage system air accumulator capacity utilization very low, waste serious.In addition some compressed-air energy storages
System maintains turbine plant admission pressure constant during turbine power generation using the method for throttling, guaranteed efficiency and output work
Rate, but the process to throttle can cause part energy to be lost, and reduce system effectiveness.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that a kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system and its optimal control side
Method, the present invention can according to current working adjust gas circuit structure, change access system compression turbine set quantity and unit
Between connection in series-parallel relation, self-adapted adjustment system compression, expansion rate, as far as possible close to real work pressure under current gas tank pressure
Power ratio, to avoid long-time, a wide range of off-design operating mode, so as to effectively increase the overall cycle efficieny of system.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system, including compressed-air energy storage unit and restructural air-channel system, wherein：
The compressed-air energy storage unit includes some compression devices, and the compression device, which is respectively connected with, drives its work
Electrical equipment, the input port of the output end connection caisson of the compression device, the delivery outlet of the caisson are connected with
Several bloating plants, each bloating plant are connected with a generating equipment；
The restructural air-channel system, including multiple airflow pipelines, the airflow pipeline include compression device, bloating plant
Between connecting line, and the connecting line of each compression device and caisson, each bloating plant and caisson
Connecting line, and it is provided with switch valve on each airflow pipeline；
By controlling cut-offfing for each switch valve, the string between adjustment each compression device or/and bloating plant is simultaneously
Connection relation and access quantity.
Preferably, cascaded between the compression device by airflow pipeline.
Preferably, cascaded between the bloating plant by airflow pipeline.
The input of the compression device connects air intake by airflow pipeline, and output end is connected by airflow pipeline
Connect caisson.
The input of the bloating plant connects caisson, output end connection exhaust passage by airflow pipeline.
Switch valve on the airflow pipeline of the compression device side is magnetic valve, the gas flow tube of the bloating plant side
Switch valve on road is choke valve.
Preferably, surge tank is connected between adjacent compression device, between bloating plant, to stablize air pressure.
The compression device side is the compressibility of energy-storage system, and bloating plant side is the turbine system of energy-storage system
System.
A kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system optimal control method based on double-deck PREDICTIVE CONTROL, including following step
Suddenly：
(1) dynamical equation of each compression device and bloating plant is determined, establishes compressed-air energy-storage system PREDICTIVE CONTROL
Model；
(2) according to current input or output operating mode, it is up to target with energy storage or exoergic process efficiency, determines in system
Layer object function；
(3) according to the system goal function and constraints of setting, upper strata constraints is set, completes upper strata optimization, really
Fixed optimal reconfigured geometry, while the input for providing the dynamic optimization of lower floor gives；
(4) on-line optimization is solved, and the solution of Model Predictive Control is converted into a MINLP model problem, is led to
Cross solving-optimizing problem and obtain excellent control sequence, continuous rolling optimization.
In the step (1), the dynamical equation of each mode is determined according to physical laws such as the conservation of mass and the conservation of energys,
It is easy to measure and need input of the variable controlled as whole system dynamical equation, output variable in preference pattern, for mould
The variable that is difficult to measure in type or can not measure uses empirical value or estimated by experimental data, obtains each individually pressure
Contracting, the dynamical equation of bloating plant.
In the step (1), the input, output variable include torque, rotating speed, air pressure and/or flow.
In the step (1), the variable that is difficult to measure or can not measure includes leakage-gap, discharge coefficient and/
Or coefficient of friction.
In the step (2), the specific steps of the object function setting up procedure of the thermal energy storage process include：
(2-1) determines an independent compression device energy storage efficiency during compressed energy-storage；
(2-3) according in restructural compressed-air energy storage in component characteristic and outside use environment to the defeated of energy-storage system
Enter, demanded power output, and the physical condition limitation of energy-storage system itself, divide all possible reconfiguration mode；
(2-3) calculates each reconfiguration mode compressed air energy-storage system whole efficiency；
(2-4) selects optimal reconfiguration mode according to current air pressure and power requirement.
In the step (2), the specific steps of the object function setting up procedure of the exoergic process include：
(2-a) determines the efficiency of turbine of an independent bloating plant in expansion exoergic process；
(2-3) according in restructural compressed-air energy storage in component characteristic and outside use environment to the defeated of energy-storage system
Enter, demanded power output, and the physical condition limitation of energy-storage system itself, divide all possible reconfiguration mode；
(2-3) calculates turbine systems whole efficiency under each reconfiguration mode；
(2-4) selects optimal reconfiguration mode according to current air pressure and power requirement.
In the step (3), constraints includes the constraint of work pressure ratio, power constraint and the air pressure of whole energy-storage system
Constrained with rotating speed.
In the step (4), specific method is：The solution of Model Predictive Control is converted into the secondary rule of MIXED INTEGER
MIQP (the Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming) problem of drawing, excellent control sequence is obtained by solving-optimizing problem
Row, controlled quentity controlled variable of first control signal as current time is selected, continue to repeat said process, constantly rolling at next moment
Dynamic optimization.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) present invention proposes a kind of new restructural compressed-air energy-storage system, is relatively fixed the compression of flowage structure
Air energy storage systems, present system can flexibly recombinate series parallel structure according to reservoir pressure excursion, so as to change
The real work pressure ratio of single compression-expansion equipment, avoids it from being operated under conditions of off-design behaviour, is followed so as to improve system
Ring efficiency and economy；
(2) present invention reasonably can cut out equipment component according to real system to energy storage device power requirement, from
And friction, the leakage damage of equipment under the conditions of power, low flow state are further reduced, system effectiveness is improved, while effectively open up
The working range and power boundary condition of energy-storage system have been opened up, has improved its flexibility；
(3) present invention proposes a kind of dual-layer optimization predictive control strategy for restructural compressed-air energy-storage system,
Effective reconfigured geometry selection and the single compression-expansion equipment of solving is controlled to controller time scale, precision etc. no in real time
With requirement, there is very strong engineering practicability；
(4) present invention can according to current working adjust gas circuit structure, change access system compression turbine set quantity
And the connection in series-parallel relation between unit, the fixed flowage structure of tradition is efficiently solved as gas storage pressure changes and it is empty to compress
Gas energy storage system input-output power need caused compression during wide variation bloating plant off-design operating mode ask
Topic, effectively increase overall cycle efficieny and the control flexibility of system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional fixed structure multi-stage compression air energy storage systems schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the restructural compressed-air energy-storage system principle schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the double-deck PREDICTIVE CONTROL schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 (a) is the simulation result figure of the effect of fixed paralleling model；
Fig. 4 (b) is the simulation result figure of the effect of fixed series model；
Fig. 4 (c) is the simulation result figure of the effect of restructural pattern of the present invention；
Wherein, 1, compression device, 2, bloating plant, 3, gas storage equipment, 4, electrical equipment, 5, generating equipment, 6, magnetic valve,
7th, choke valve.
Embodiment：
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 is a kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system provided by the invention and the fixed flow of tradition as shown in Figure 1
The principle row contrast of structure.Compressed-air energy-storage system of the present invention includes compressed-air energy storage unit and restructural gas circuit
Two parts：
Wherein compressed-air energy storage unit includes some compression devices (1), bloating plant (2), surge tank, gas storage equipment
(3), generating equipment (5), electrical equipment (4) etc., compression device is connected by axle with electrical equipment；Described bloating plant passes through
Axle connects with electrical equipment；Surge tank is connected between adjacent compression or bloating plant, plays a part of stable air pressure.
Restructural gas circuit structure includes the valves such as some choke valves (7), magnetic valve (6), can be open-minded by control valve
Shut-off changes the connected mode of gas circuit.
Compressed-air energy storage unit proposed by the present invention and restructural gas circuit combine, thus it is possible to vary compression or bloating plant
Between connection in series-parallel relation, can also be cut by adjusting gas circuit, cut-out compression-expansion equipment, change the pressure of access system
Contracting, bloating plant quantity.
The workflow of above-mentioned reconfigurable system is as follows：
A kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system optimal control method based on double-deck PREDICTIVE CONTROL, its general principle is such as
Shown in Fig. 3, comprise the following steps：
Step (1)：Initially set up compressed-air energy-storage system predictive control model；
Step (2)：It is up to target with energy storage (releasing energy) process efficiency according to current input or output operating mode, it is determined that
System upper strata object function；
Step (3)：Upper strata constraints is set, according to the system goal function and constraints of step (2).The constraint
Condition includes electric load Constraints of Equilibrium, compression, bloating plant maximum input-output power restriction, compressed-air energy-storage system
Gas storage capacity-constrained；
Step (4) completes upper strata optimization, determines optimal reconfigured geometry, while provide inputing to for the dynamic optimization of lower floor
It is fixed.
Step (5)：On-line optimization is solved, and the solution of Model Predictive Control is converted into a MINLP model
MIQP (Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming) problem, excellent control sequence is obtained by solving-optimizing problem,
Controlled quentity controlled variable of first control signal as current time is selected, continues to repeat said process at next moment, constantly rolls
Optimization；
The step of step (1) is：
1st, the dynamical equation of each mode is determined according to physical laws such as the conservation of mass and the conservation of energys, side in preference pattern
Just measure and need input, output of the variable (such as torque, rotating speed, air pressure, flow) controlled as whole system dynamical equation
Variable, warp is used for the variable (such as leakage-gap, discharge coefficient, coefficient of friction) for being difficult to measure or can not measure in model
Test value or rationally estimated by experimental data, finally give each individually compression, the dynamical equation of bloating plant；
2nd, according to structure type requirement of the Model Predictive Control to model, standard is carried out to the modularization model of above-mentioned foundation
Change and handle and finally give following single compression, bloating plant flow, torque, the dynamical equation of delivery temperature：
Q=C1n-C2ξn-1-C3ξ2
M=C4ξ+C5n+C6
In formula：M is torque, and n is that rotating speed q is flow, and T is delivery temperature, cpAir specific heat ratio.ξ sets for single compression
Standby real work pressure ratio.C1To C9For fitting parameter, obtained by testing measurement and System Discrimination.
The step (2) comprises the following steps：
1st, during compressed energy-storage, the energy storage efficiency η of an independent compression deviceCom, iFor：
In formula：M is torque, and n is rotating speed, and ρ is atmospheric density under mark condition, and q is compression flow, and T is delivery temperature, cpAir
Specific heat ratio.ξ is the real work pressure ratio of single compression device.
2nd, according in restructural compressed-air energy storage in component characteristic and outside use environment to the inputting of energy-storage system, defeated
Go out power requirement, and the physical condition limitation of energy-storage system itself, all possible reconstitituted form of classifying rationally.
3rd, any reconfiguration mode compressed air energy-storage system whole efficiency ηCom_tot,σ can be expressed as：
M is the number of all compression devices in formula, and σ be all possible mode of system, and expression system is in kth during σ=k
Kind reconstruct mode.
4th, optimal reconfiguration mode σ is selected according to current air pressure and power requirement, sets object function as follows：
5th, it is identical with compression process to expand the setting of exoergic process object function, it is only necessary to by the energy storage of independent a compression device
Efficiency replaces with the efficiency of turbine expression η of an independent bloating plantExp, i：
In formula：M is torque, and n is rotating speed, and ρ is atmospheric density under mark condition, and q is compression flow, and T is delivery temperature, cpAir
Specific heat ratio.ξ is the real work pressure ratio of single compression device.
Constraints in the step (3) includes overall work pressure ratio constraint：
N σ are the series of all series devices in σ kind reconfiguration systems in formula.
Constraints in the step (3) also includes power constraint：
P in formulamax,nFor single compression/expansion equipment under a certain air pressure maximum input/output power, PgFor energy-storage system
The power being currently received gives.
Constraints in the step (3) also includes air pressure and rotating speed constrains：
P in formulakFor gas storage equipment current time pressure, q is the mass flow of individual equipment, RgIt is normal for perfect gas quality
Number, all compressions in parallel, the number of bloating plant under the reconfigured geometry of s positions, T are gas storage equipment temperature, p0 stor, p1 stor
Respectively gas storage equipment minimum and maximum allows pressure.
In simulation process using scroll compressor expanding machine be used as compression/expansion equipment, respectively test different structure push
Contracting air energy storage systems are from 1bar compressed-air energy storages to the system effectiveness of 10bar whole process.Fig. 4 a be 2 compression devices simultaneously
The efficiencies of connection, Fig. 4 b are the efficiency under 2 grades of cascaded structures, and Fig. 4 c are the results of reconfigurable structures, and 2 compression devices start
Using parallel-connection structure, when gas storage pressure reaches 5 bar, switching result is to series connection.Contrast understands that restructural result can be bright
The whole efficiency of aobvious raising system.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, model not is protected to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of restructural compressed-air energy-storage system optimal control method based on double-deck PREDICTIVE CONTROL, it is characterized in that：Including
Following steps：
(1) dynamical equation of each compression device and bloating plant is determined, establishes compressed-air energy-storage system predictive control model；
(2) according to current input or output operating mode, it is up to target with energy storage or exoergic process efficiency, determines system upper strata mesh
Scalar functions；
(3) according to the system goal function and constraints of setting, upper strata constraints is set, upper strata optimization is completed, it is determined that most
Excellent reconfigured geometry, while the input for providing the dynamic optimization of lower floor gives；
(4) on-line optimization solves, and the solution of Model Predictive Control is converted into a MINLP model problem, by asking
Solution optimization problem obtains excellent control sequence, continuous rolling optimization.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：In the step (1), according to the conservation of mass and conservation of energy physics
Law determines the dynamical equation of each mode, is easy to measure in preference pattern and needs the variable that controls as whole system dynamic
The input of equation, output variable, use empirical value for the variable that is difficult to measure in model or can not measure or pass through experiment
Data are estimated, obtain each individually compression, the dynamical equation of bloating plant.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：In the step (2), the object function of the thermal energy storage process is set
The specific steps of process include：
(2-1) determines an independent compression device energy storage efficiency during compressed energy-storage；
(2-2) according in restructural compressed-air energy storage in component characteristic and outside use environment to the inputting of energy-storage system, defeated
Go out power requirement, and the physical condition limitation of energy-storage system itself, divide all possible reconfiguration mode；
(2-3) calculates each reconfiguration mode compressed air energy-storage system whole efficiency；
(2-4) selects optimal reconfiguration mode according to current air pressure and power requirement.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：In the step (2), the object function of the exoergic process is set
The specific steps of process include：
(2-1) determines the efficiency of turbine of an independent bloating plant in expansion exoergic process；
(2-2) according in restructural compressed-air energy storage in component characteristic and outside use environment to the inputting of energy-storage system, defeated
Go out power requirement, and the physical condition limitation of energy-storage system itself, divide all possible reconfiguration mode；
(2-3) calculates turbine systems whole efficiency under each reconfiguration mode；
(2-4) selects optimal reconfiguration mode according to current air pressure and power requirement.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Work pressure ratio constraint of the constraints including whole energy-storage system,
Power constraint and the constraint of air pressure and rotating speed.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that：Power constraint in the step (3) is：
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P in formulamax,nFor single compression/expansion equipment under a certain air pressure maximum input/output power, PgIt is current for energy-storage system
The power received gives.
7. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：In the step (4), specific method is：By Model Predictive Control
Solution be converted to a MINLP model problem, excellent control sequence is obtained by solving-optimizing problem, selects first
Controlled quentity controlled variable of the individual control signal as current time, continue to repeat said process, continuous rolling optimization at next moment.
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| CN108062440A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-22 | 清华大学 | The generation method and device of the advanced full dynamic model of adiabatic compression air energy storage systems |
| CN109543214B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-14 | 清华大学 | Method and device for estimating capacity of air storage chamber of compressed air energy storage system |
| CN109386307B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-07-10 | 华中科技大学 | Energy-releasing power generation device and method of compressed air energy storage system |
| CN110714804B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2022-05-20 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Bypass control system suitable for CAES system expansion unit |
| CN113202572B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2023-01-24 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Power generation and energy storage dual-mode power system |
| CN114033730B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-08-09 | 西安交通大学 | Non-design working condition operation method of compressed air energy storage system |
| CN114961910A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Series-parallel connection combined type compressed air energy storage device system and method |
| CN114991886A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 北京全四维动力科技有限公司 | Air turbine system and method of operating the same |
| CN115199347A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-18 | 北京全四维动力科技有限公司 | Air turbine system and method of operating the same |
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| IL108546A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1997-01-10 | Israel Electric Corp Ltd | Compressed air energy storage method and system |
| US8863519B2 (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2014-10-21 | Powerphase Llc | High output modular CAES (HOMC) |
| CN103244215B (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2015-09-30 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 | Promote method and the device of compressed air energy storage technology energy conversion efficiency |
| CN103925216B (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2016-10-05 | 曲阜师范大学 | Flexible structure changes scroll machine compressed-air energy-storage system |
| CN104675458B (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2016-01-20 | 山东大学 | The cogeneration type compressed-air energy-storage system of back pressure type thermoelectricity unit and method |
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