CN106242579B - 一种防弹陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防弹陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106242579B
CN106242579B CN201610624627.3A CN201610624627A CN106242579B CN 106242579 B CN106242579 B CN 106242579B CN 201610624627 A CN201610624627 A CN 201610624627A CN 106242579 B CN106242579 B CN 106242579B
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陈流安
史卫南
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Zhongshan Beidouxing Navigation Innovative Application Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防弹陶瓷及其制备方法，本发明的防弹陶瓷由氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、纳米硅粉、二氧化硅粉末、氧化镁、膨润土组成，其制备方法为：将氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、膨润土混匀，水热反应充分混匀，脱水后湿磨，然后烘干研磨至100目，再压制成型后投入烧结炉中焙烧得到成品，本发明的防弹陶瓷成本低，制备方法简便，且具有较低的密度与较高的硬度，抗撞击能力更强，制得的防弹衣的防御效果更好。

Description

一种防弹陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域，具体涉及一种防弹陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
防弹陶瓷和金属防弹层是现代比较常用的两种防弹衣的防弹材料，陶瓷的防弹原理是由于其破裂而吸收子弹的动能，同时，由于防弹衣作为特殊衣物的特性，因此除了其防弹性能之外，还要有较低的密度，便于穿着者的活动，另外，从大范围推广应用的角度，还需要考虑到制作成本与维护成本。
传统的防弹陶瓷应用了大量的碳化硼作为原料，其密度较小，制得的防弹陶瓷成品硬度高，具有优异的防弹性能，但是碳化硼的成本过高，因此导致最终制得的防弹衣价格昂贵。
中国发明专利申请CN104329988公开了一种防弹陶瓷片及其制备方法，降低了碳化硼的用量，降低了成本，但是该方案的防弹陶瓷片的制备方法复杂，工艺繁琐，生产成本高，仍然不能解决最终产品的成本问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提供一种防弹效果好，工艺简单，原料成本低的防弹陶瓷及其制备方法。
本发明的防弹陶瓷，由以下质量份数的成分组成：
本发明的防弹陶瓷的制备方法为：
(1)取料，将氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、膨润土混匀后加入反应釜中，加水后进行水热反应6～8h，所加入水的质量与物料质量比为1：1～3：1；
(2)料浆脱水，分离出浆状物，湿磨后烘干；
(3)向烘干后的粉料加入氧化镁、纳米硅粉和二氧化硅粉末，然后将物料加入到球磨罐中球磨5～7小时后，过筛，得到生料；
(4)将生料放在压片机内加压，压制成型，得到坯板；
(5)将坯板加入到烧结炉中，升温至1400～1600℃，焙烧5～7h后，降温至1000～1200℃，焙烧9～15h，然后自然降温，得到成品。
作为本发明的一种改进，步骤(1)中水热反应温度为120～160℃。
作为本发明的另一种改进，步骤(2)中的烘干温度不超过110摄氏度。
作为本发明的更进一步改进，步骤(3)过筛所用筛网为100目。
本发明的防弹陶瓷，减少了传统防弹陶瓷中的碳化硼的使用量，改用成本较低的氮化铝，使得成本降低了30％，另外，在防弹陶瓷的制备过程中，添加了少量的膨润土，通过水热反应使之与原料充分混合，并在水热条件下进行膨胀，使得最终制得的防弹陶瓷中存在着稍多于传统陶瓷的细密的空隙，这样，一方面降低了防弹陶瓷的密度，使得防弹衣整体质量减少，便于穿着者的活动，另一方面，多孔的结构，硬度更大，抗撞击能力更强，使得防弹衣的防御效果更好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的防弹陶瓷及其制备方法做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
取料，各原料质量份数为：
(1)取料，将氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、膨润土混匀后加入反应釜中，加水后160℃进行水热反应8h，所加入水的质量与物料质量比为1：1；
(2)料浆脱水，分离出浆状物，湿磨后110℃烘干；
(3)向烘干后的粉料加入氧化镁、纳米硅粉和二氧化硅粉末，然后将物料加入到球磨罐中球磨5小时后，过100目筛，得到生料；
(4)将生料放在压片机内加压，压制成型，得到坯板；
(5)将坯板加入到烧结炉中，升温至1500℃，焙烧7h后，降温至1200℃，焙烧13h，然后自然降温，得到防弹陶瓷。
实施例2
取料，各原料质量份数为：
(1)取料，将氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、膨润土混匀后加入反应釜中，加水后135℃进行水热反应6h，所加入水的质量与物料质量比为2：1；
(2)料浆脱水，分离出浆状物，湿磨后100℃烘干；
(3)向烘干后的粉料加入氧化镁、纳米硅粉和二氧化硅粉末，然后将物料加入到球磨罐中球磨7小时后，过100目筛，得到生料；
(4)将生料放在压片机内加压，压制成型，得到坯板；
(5)将坯板加入到烧结炉中，升温至1600℃，焙烧7h后，降温至1000℃，焙烧15h，然后自然降温，得到防弹陶瓷。
实施例3
取料，各原料质量份数为：
(1)取料，将氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、膨润土混匀后加入反应釜中，加水后120℃进行水热反应7h，所加入水的质量与物料质量比为2：1；
(2)料浆脱水，分离出浆状物，湿磨后95℃烘干；
(3)向烘干后的粉料加入氧化镁、纳米硅粉和二氧化硅粉末，然后将物料加入到球磨罐中球磨7小时后，过100目筛，得到生料；
(4)将生料放在压片机内加压，压制成型，得到坯板；
(5)将坯板加入到烧结炉中，升温至1400℃，焙烧7h后，降温至1100℃，焙烧9h，然后自然降温，得到防弹陶瓷。
实施例4
取料，各原料质量份数为：
(1)取料，将氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、膨润土混匀后加入反应釜中，加水后130℃进行水热反应8h，所加入水的质量与物料质量比为1：1；
(2)料浆脱水，分离出浆状物，湿磨后110℃烘干；
(3)向烘干后的粉料加入氧化镁、纳米硅粉和二氧化硅粉末，然后将物料加入到球磨罐中球磨5小时后，过100目筛，得到生料；
(4)将生料放在压片机内加压，压制成型，得到坯板；
(5)将坯板加入到烧结炉中，升温至1500℃，焙烧5h后，降温至1000℃，焙烧15h，然后自然降温，得到防弹陶瓷。
实施例5
取料，各原料质量份数为：
(1)取料，将氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、膨润土混匀后加入反应釜中，加水后120℃进行水热反应8h，所加入水的质量与物料质量比为2：1；
(2)料浆脱水，分离出浆状物，湿磨后100℃烘干；
(3)向烘干后的粉料加入氧化镁、纳米硅粉和二氧化硅粉末，然后将物料加入到球磨罐中球磨6小时后，过100目筛，得到生料；
(4)将生料放在压片机内加压，压制成型，得到坯板；
(5)将坯板加入到烧结炉中，升温至1600℃，焙烧5h后，降温至1000℃，焙烧15h，然后自然降温，得到防弹陶瓷。
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用于说明本申请的技术方案而非对其保护范围的限制,尽管参照上述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:本领域技术人员阅读本申请后依然可对申请的具体实施方式进行种种变更、修改或者等同替换，但这些变更、修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种防弹陶瓷，由以下质量份数的成分组成：
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防弹陶瓷的制备方法，制备步骤为：
(1)取料，将氮化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、膨润土混匀后加入反应釜中，加水后进行水热反应6～8h，所加入水的质量与物料质量比为1：1～3：1；
(2)料浆脱水，分离出浆状物，湿磨后烘干；
(3)向烘干后的粉料加入氧化镁、纳米硅粉和二氧化硅粉末，然后将物料加入到球磨罐中球磨5～7小时后，过筛，得到生料；
(4)将生料放在压片机内加压，压制成型，得到坯板；
(5)将坯板加入到烧结炉中，升温至1400～1600℃，焙烧5～7h后，降温至1000～1200℃，焙烧9～15h，然后自然降温，得到成品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种防弹陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中水热反应温度为120～160℃。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种防弹陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中的烘干温度不超过110摄氏度。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种防弹陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)过筛所用筛网为100目。
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