CN106226165A - Beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation surveys experimental provision and the method for Young's modulus - Google Patents
Beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation surveys experimental provision and the method for Young's modulus Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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Abstract
Beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation surveys experimental provision and the method for Young's modulus, relate to a kind of young modulus measuring device and method, the present invention solves that the experimental principle of current Experiment of College Physics central sill bending method survey Young's modulus is single abstract, the problem that telescope adjustment difficulty is big.Apparatus of the present invention are included on pedestal and arrange two columns, beams of metal two ends, square-section freely ride upon on the edge of a knife of column upper end, a bronze medal framework is overlapped on beams of metal, lower end arranges force-sensing sensor and the metal framework of internal fixing iron block, lower section arranges electromagnet apparatus, and differential bridge, adjustable alternating-current voltage source, voltage amplification device and digital oscilloscope etc. that four capacitors that measurement apparatus is made up of fixed polar plate and movable polar plate are constituted are constituted；The inventive method surveys the cycle of periodically variable bridge output voltage waveform by digital oscilloscope, obtains beams of metal spring oscillator and does the cycle of simple harmonic oscillation, substitutes into formula and calculates Young's modulus.The present invention is applicable to the measurement of Young's modulus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Experiment of College Physics device, be specifically related to a kind of beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation and survey
The experimental provision of Young's modulus and method.
Background technology
Under external force, the change of shape that solid is occurred, referred to as deformation.It can be divided into elastic deformation and plastic deformation
Two classes.External force removes the complete restorable deformation of energy of rear object, referred to as elastic deformation.If the external force mistake being added on object
Greatly, so that after external force is removed, object can not restore to the original state completely, and leaves residual deformation, the most referred to as plastic deformation.In this reality
In testing, only study elastic deformation.To this end, the size of external force should be controlled, with ensure this external force remove after object resilient.
Simplest deformation is bar-like object (or tinsel) by the elongation after external force and shortening.If an a length of L of object, sectional area is S,
Along its length after force F, object elongation (or shortening) is Δ L.Ratio F/S is the active force in unit are, is referred to as stressing,
Which determine the deformation of object；Ratios delta L/L is the specific elongation of object, referred to as strain, and it represents the size of object deformation.Press
According to Hooke's law, the elastic limit internal stress at object is directly proportional to strain, proportionality coefficientIt is referred to as poplar
Family name's modulus.
Experiment shows, Young's modulus is unrelated with the size of external force F, length L of object and sectional area S, and is solely dependent upon rod
The material of (or tinsel).Young's modulus is to describe an important mechanics parameter of solid material elastic deformation ability, is selected
One of foundation of mechanical component material, is parameter conventional in engineering.No matter it is elastomeric material, such as various metal materials,
Or fragile material, such as glass, pottery etc., or other various new materials, such as fiberglass, carbon fibre composite etc., for
Ensure the use of normal safe, will measure their Young's modulus.For a long time, the Young's modulus measuring material is generally adopted
Use static stretch method, typically carry out on universal testing machine.This method load is big, and loading velocity is slow, there is relaxation mistake
Journey, can increase measurement error, and be difficult to fragile material measure, and measures also inconvenient under condition of different temperatures.20th century
The eighties, there are people's laser-holographic interferometry and laser speckle photography method that the Young's modulus of the carbon composite of aerospace field is entered
Row is measured, and carrys out the impact on Young's modulus of the research material defect with this, achieves good effect.The nineties in 20th century, power
Learn Young's modulus measuring method i.e. hang wire flexural resonance method to recommend to perform as national technical standard.This method can be
Measure the Young's modulus of various material in the range of bigger high/low temperature, and certainty of measurement is higher.Static method except static stretch method,
Also have static twist method, the method for Static bending etc.；Dynamic method except lateral resonance, also longitudinal resonance, torsional resonance etc..Additionally also
Wave speed measurement method can be used, utilize continuous wave or impulse wave to measure Young's modulus.
Although kinetics Young's modulus measuring method i.e. hang wire flexural resonance method has many good qualities, but due to theory
Formula is complicated, and principle is the most readily understood, and equipment is the most more complicated, and experiment difficulty is big, therefore in Experiment of College Physics at present frequently with
Beam deflection method, measures the Young's modulus of metal material according to optical lever amplification principle.Optical lever amplification principle extensively should
It is used in measurement technology, as low-angle change measured by ballistic galvanometer and light spot galvanometer.The most also have employing other one
The most more advanced micro-displacement measurement method, such as current vortex sensor method, Michelson's interferometer method, method using in optic fiber displacement sensor
Device method etc. measures the Young's modulus of metal material.Experiment of College Physics central sill bending method surveys metal material Young's modulus at present
Experimental provision is primarily present following deficiency:
One, generally uses static stretch method to survey metal material Young's modulus, and principle is more single.
Its two, according to optical lever amplification principle, the amplification system consisted of optical lever, telescope and scale measures rectangle
Sag curved under cross section metal beam midpoint, although method is ingenious, but principle is more abstract, the most readily understood, telescopical regulation
Difficulty is bigger, and points for attention are the most, and directly utilizes telescope to carry out observing measurement by human eye, is very easy to tired
Data are easily mistaken by labor, affect the accuracy of measurement result.
Its three, general use counterweight to apply pulling force to beams of metal, calculate pulling force with the nominal mass of counterweight inaccurate, thus
Affect the accuracy of experimental result.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation and surveys Young
The experimental provision of modulus and method, experimental principle of the present invention is easily understood, and beams of metal spring oscillator is done letter by described experimental provision
The cycle T of harmonic motion, is converted to the cycle T of periodically variable bridge output voltage, amplified dress by the change of capacitance
After putting greatly, waveform shows on digital oscilloscope, observes the waveform of bridge output voltage, measures its cycle T, and experiment is existing
As intuitively, observe with measure more convenient.Electromagnet apparatus is used to make beams of metal spring oscillator do simple harmonic oscillation, easy to operate.
The experimental provision of the survey Young's modulus of the beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation that the present invention solves its technical problem is:
Arranging two columns on pedestal, each two column upper ends fix a steel edge of a knife, the blade of two edges of a knife is parallel to each other, a square
Tee section beams of metal two ends freely ride upon on the edge of a knife of two column upper ends, overlap a copper frame on the beams of metal of square-section
Frame, copper framework and beams of metal contact position, square-section are also edges of a knife, and the copper framework edge of a knife is located exactly on two columns
The edge of a knife middle of end, arranges force-sensing sensor in copper framework lower end, and force-sensing sensor is by attachment means and a metal framework
It is connected, fixes an iron block inside metal framework, electromagnet apparatus is set below metal framework.Force-sensing sensor passes through interface and power
Dependent sensor Mersure Controler is connected, and force-sensing sensor is used for measuring pulling force size suffered by copper framework, namely square-section gold
Belong to pulling force size suffered by beam midpoint, and can be shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen.Electromagnet apparatus is used for leading to
Cross magneticaction and apply pulling force in iron block to square-section beams of metal, then discharge, so that copper framework, iron block, metal framework
Simple harmonic oscillation is done under the beams of metal effect of square-section, and can be big by electromagnet apparatus operating current adjusting knob regulation pulling force
Little.The two identical movable polar plates of block specifications are separately positioned on metal framework two sides, can move up and down with metal framework, four
The identical fixed polar plate of block specifications is separately positioned on four fixtures, and fixture is arranged on column, and fixture can move along column
Dynamic to change position.The four identical fixed polar plates of block specifications and the identical movable polar plate of two block specifications constitute four electricity
Container, thus four capacitors are respectively as four brachium pontis of electric bridge, constitute a differential bridge, adjustable alternating-current voltage source give
Electric bridge provides power supply, and sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and the frequency size of the output of adjustable alternating-current voltage source can be adjusted by knob
Joint, and can show on adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screen.The outfan concatenation operation amplifier one of electric bridge, as one
Backward voltage amplifier, voltage amplification factor can be adjusted by the size changing adjustable feedback resistance and adjustable input resistance
Joint, amplifies the output voltage of electric bridge, then exports through the operational amplifier two as output buffer, and operational amplifier two passes through
Interface is connected with digital oscilloscope, and the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplifying can be shown by digital oscilloscope, carries out
Observe and measure.
Beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation of the present invention is surveyed the experimental provision of Young's modulus and is surveyed metal material Young
The experimental technique of modulus, the detailed process of the method comprises the following steps:
Step one, by observing pedestal level gauge, adjust the pedestal leveling serew on pedestal, make square-section beams of metal water
Flat；
Step 2, along column movable clamp, make movable polar plate one be positioned in the middle of fixed polar plate one and fixed polar plate two, movable
It is middle with fixed polar plate four that pole plate two is positioned at fixed polar plate three, by adjustable alternating-current voltage source function switching key, in adjustable friendship
The sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and frequency size that adjustable alternating-current voltage source exports is shown respectively, by can on stream voltage source display screen
Alternating-current voltage source voltage-regulation knob and adjustable alternating voltage source frequency adjusting knob is adjusted to be adjusted, by adjustable alternating-current voltage source
The sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude of output and frequency regulation are suitable；By changing adjustable feedback resistance and the size of adjustable input resistance
It is suitable the voltage amplification factor of operational amplifier one to be regulated, the ripple of the bridge output voltage after being amplified by digital oscilloscope
Shape shows, is observed the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplifying by digital oscilloscope display screen, moves along column further
Dynamic fixture, carefully adjusts fixed polar plate one, fixed polar plate two, fixed polar plate three and the position of fixed polar plate four, makes electric bridge export
Voltage is zero, and now movable polar plate one is positioned at the middle of fixed polar plate one and fixed polar plate two, and movable polar plate two is positioned at fixing
Pole plate three and the middle of fixed polar plate four；
Step 3, electromagnet apparatus is made to work by electromagnet apparatus switch key, by magneticaction in iron block to square
Tee section beams of metal applies pulling force, and it is big to measure pulling force suffered by the beams of metal of display screen observation square-section by force-sensing sensor
Little, by the operating current of regulating magnet device operating current adjusting knob regulating magnet device, make pulling force size to fit,
Then electromagnet apparatus is made to quit work by electromagnet apparatus switch key, so that square-section beams of metal and copper framework,
The beams of metal spring oscillator that iron block, metal framework are constituted starts to do simple harmonic oscillation；Under iron block and metal framework drive, movable pole
Plate one and movable polar plate two do simple harmonic oscillation, therefore fixed polar plate one and the capacitor one of movable polar plate one composition the most up and down,
The capacitor two that fixed polar plate two is constituted with movable polar plate one, the capacitor three that fixed polar plate three is constituted with movable polar plate two, Gu
The change of the capacitance generating period therewith of the capacitor four that fixed plate four is constituted with movable polar plate two, so that electric bridge output
Voltage the most periodically changes；
Step 4, this periodically variable bridge output voltage are after operational amplifier one amplifies, then through slow as output
Rushing operational amplifier two output of device, waveform shows on digital oscilloscope, observes and put on digital oscilloscope display screen
The waveform of the bridge output voltage after great, measures its cycle T, i.e. square-section beams of metal and copper framework, iron block, metal frame framework
The beams of metal spring oscillator become does the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation；
Step 5, treat beams of metal spring oscillator stop vibration, measure copper framework, iron block, metal framework and movable polar plate
Gross mass m, i.e. quality m of beams of metal spring oscillator beams of metal midpoint hanging object；
Step 6, measure the effective length of square-section beams of metal with meter ruler, namely lay on two columns of this beam
Distance l in the middle of two edges of a knife of end, measures the width b and height d of beams of metal square-section, square-section with slide gauge；
Step 7, by length l of square-section beams of metal, width b, highly d, quality m of beams of metal midpoint hanging object,
And the cycle T that beams of metal spring oscillator is when doing simple harmonic oscillation substitutes into formulaThe poplar of beams of metal material can be obtained
Family name's modulus Y.
The theoretical basis of the beam deflection method survey Young's modulus according to simple harmonic oscillation:
If the square-section beams of metal that an a length of l, width are b, height is d, when its two ends freely ride upon a pair
On the parallel horizontal edge of a knife, when midpoint is by downward pulling force F effect, beam will be bent downwardly, if sag curved under beam midpoint is
H, if the Young's modulus of beams of metal material is Y, if disregarding the weight of beam, and bending in elastic limit, as h ＜ ＜ l, having
(1) formula is become
According to (2) formula as, this square-section beams of metal can be regarded a coefficient of elasticitySpring.At this
Square-section beams of metal midpoint hangs the object that a mass is m, then beams of metal spring and this object constitute a beams of metal spring
Oscillator, applies certain pulling force to this system, then discharges, then in the vertical direction is done simple harmonic oscillation by object, and its cycle can be by
The Period Formula of spring oscillator is obtained, i.e.
Coefficient of elasticity by beams of metal spring(3) formula of substitution, can do simple harmonic quantity and shakes by this beams of metal spring oscillator
Cycle time dynamic
According to (4) formula, Young's modulus Y of beams of metal material can be obtained, i.e.
According to (5) formula, as long as measuring length l of square-section beams of metal, width b, highly d, beams of metal spring vibration interest
Belong to quality m of beam midpoint hanging object, and cycle T when beams of metal spring oscillator does simple harmonic oscillation, it is possible to substitute into formula
Obtain Young's modulus Y of beams of metal material.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, the present invention proposes a kind of method that new beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation surveys Young's modulus, the method
The method surveying metal material Young's modulus from the beam deflection method generally used in Physical Experiments also exists essential different, and
And the experimental principle of the method institute foundation is the simplest, it is simply that common mass-spring model, high school physics class just has been directed to
To correlation formula, course of University Physics also has detailed analysis, is easily understood.If therefore this invention being incorporated into College Physics
In laboratory, it is remarkably contributing to abundant Experiment of College Physics content, the thinking of open student, the initiative spirit of training student, increases
Strong student uses knowledge problem-solving ability flexibly.
Its two, the present invention propose the beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation survey Young's modulus experimental provision the most uncomplicated,
Improve a little on the basis of existing experimental provision, be easier to realize.
Its three, beams of metal spring oscillator is done the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation by the experimental provision that the present invention proposes, and passes through capacitance
Change be converted to the cycle T of periodically variable bridge output voltage, after amplified device amplifies, waveform is at digital oscilloscope
On show, observing the waveform of bridge output voltage, measure its cycle T, experimental phenomena is directly perceived, observes and measures the side of comparison
Just.
Its four, the experimental provision that the present invention proposes use electromagnet apparatus make square-section beams of metal and copper framework, iron block,
The beams of metal spring oscillator that metal framework is constituted does simple harmonic oscillation, easy to operate.
Its five, the experimental provision that the present invention proposes measures pulling force suffered by square-section beams of metal by force-sensing sensor big
Little, and shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen, can conveniently monitor pulling force suffered by beams of metal, it is to avoid exceed elastic limit
Degree.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation one of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation two of the present invention.
1. pedestal in figure, 2. pedestal level gauge, 3. pedestal leveling serew, 4. column, 5. the column edge of a knife, 6. square-section gold
Belong to beam, 7. copper framework, 8. the copper framework edge of a knife, 9. force-sensing sensor, 10. metal framework, 11. electromagnet apparatus, 12. electric magnet dresses
Put operating current adjusting knob, 13. electromagnet apparatus switch keys, 14. force-sensing sensor Mersure Controlers, the 15. quick sensings of power
Device measurement display screen, 16. zeroing knobs, 17. measurement startup buttons, 18. iron blocks, 19. fixed polar plates one, 20. fixed polar plates two,
21. fixed polar plates three, 22. fixed polar plates four, 23. movable polar plates one, 24. movable polar plates two, 25. capacitors one, 26. capacitors
Two, 27. capacitors three, 28. capacitors four, 29. adjustable alternating-current voltage sources, 30. adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screens, 31. is adjustable
Alternating-current voltage source voltage-regulation knob, 32. adjustable alternating voltage source frequency adjusting knobs, 33. adjustable alternating-current voltage source functions are cut
Change button, 34. adjustable feedback resistance, 35. operational amplifiers one, 36. adjustable input resistances, 37. operational amplifiers two, 38. numbers
Word oscillograph, 39. digital oscilloscope display screens, 40. digital oscilloscope switch keys.
Detailed description of the invention
In figure, pedestal 1 arranges two columns 4, each two column 4 upper ends fix the steel edge of a knife, i.e. a column
The edge of a knife 5, the blade of two edges of a knife is parallel to each other, and square-section beams of metal 6 two ends freely ride upon the cutter of two column 4 upper ends
On mouth, overlapping a copper framework 7 on square-section beams of metal 6, copper framework 7 and square-section beams of metal 6 contact position are also one
The edge of a knife, i.e. the copper framework edge of a knife 8, and the copper framework edge of a knife 8 is located exactly at the edge of a knife middle of two column upper ends, at copper framework 7
Lower end arranges force-sensing sensor 9, and force-sensing sensor 9 is connected with a metal framework 10 by attachment means, and metal framework 10 is internal
Fix an iron block 18, electromagnet apparatus 11 is set below metal framework 10.Force-sensing sensor 9 is surveyed with force-sensing sensor by interface
Amount controller 14 is connected, and force-sensing sensor 9 is used for measuring pulling force size suffered by copper framework 7, namely in square-section beams of metal 6
Point place is by pulling force size, and can be shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen 15.Electromagnet apparatus 11 is used for passing through
Magneticaction applies pulling force to square-section beams of metal 6 in iron block 18, then discharges, so that copper framework 7, iron block 18, metal
Framework 10 does simple harmonic oscillation under square-section beams of metal 6 acts on, and can pass through electromagnet apparatus operating current adjusting knob 12
Regulation pulling force size.The two i.e. movable polar plates 1 of the identical movable polar plate of block specifications and movable polar plate 2 24 are separately positioned on
Metal framework 10 two sides, can move up and down with metal framework 10, the four block specifications i.e. fixed polar plate of identical fixed polar plate
One 19, fixed polar plate 2 20, fixed polar plate 3 21 and fixed polar plate 4 22 are separately positioned on four fixtures, and fixture is arranged on vertical
On post 4, fixture can move to change position along column 4.The four identical fixed polar plates of block specifications and the complete phase of two block specifications
Same movable polar plate constitutes four capacitors, is the capacitor 1 of fixed polar plate 1 and movable polar plate 1 composition respectively,
The capacitor 2 26 that fixed polar plate 2 20 is constituted with movable polar plate 1, the electricity that fixed polar plate 3 21 is constituted with movable polar plate 2 24
Container 3 27, the capacitor 4 28 that fixed polar plate 4 22 is constituted with movable polar plate 2 24, thus four capacitors are respectively as electricity
Four brachium pontis of bridge, constitute a differential bridge.Sinusoidal signal, adjustable alternating current is provided to electric bridge by adjustable alternating-current voltage source 29
Sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and the frequency size of potential source 29 output can be respectively by adjustable alternating-current voltage source voltage-regulation knobs
31 and adjustable alternating voltage source frequency adjusting knob 32 be adjusted, and can demonstrate on adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screen 30
Come.The outfan concatenation operation amplifier 1 of electric bridge, operational amplifier 1 is as a backward voltage amplifier, and voltage is put
Big multiple can be adjusted by the size changing adjustable feedback resistance 34 and adjustable input resistance 36, by the output electricity of electric bridge
Pressing big, then export through the operational amplifier 2 37 as output buffer, operational amplifier 2 37 is shown with numeral by interface
Ripple device 38 is connected, and the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplifying can be shown by digital oscilloscope 38, observes and surveys
Amount.
Specific experiment operating procedure is:
(1) by observing pedestal level gauge 2, adjust the pedestal leveling serew 3 on pedestal 1, make square-section beams of metal 6 water
Flat.
(2) along column 4 movable clamp, movable polar plate 1 is made to be positioned at fixed polar plate 1 middle with fixed polar plate 2 20,
It is middle with fixed polar plate 4 22 that movable polar plate 2 24 is positioned at fixed polar plate 3 21, by adjustable alternating-current voltage source function switching key
33, adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screen 30 shows respectively sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude that adjustable alternating-current voltage source 29 exports and
Frequency size, is adjusted by adjustable alternating-current voltage source voltage-regulation knob 31 and adjustable alternating voltage source frequency adjusting knob 32
Joint, the sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude exported by adjustable alternating-current voltage source 29 and frequency regulation are suitable.By changing adjustable feedback electricity
It is suitable that the voltage amplification factor of operational amplifier 1 is regulated by the size of resistance 34 and adjustable input resistance 36, by numeral oscillography
The waveform of bridge output voltage after device 38 will amplify shows.The electricity after amplifying is observed by digital oscilloscope display screen 39
The waveform of bridge output voltage, further along column 4 movable clamp, carefully adjusts fixed polar plate 1, fixed polar plate 2 20, fixes
Pole plate 3 21 and the position of fixed polar plate 4 22, making bridge output voltage is zero, and now movable polar plate 1 is positioned at fixed polar plate
One 19 are positioned at the center of fixed polar plate 3 21 and fixed polar plate 4 22 with the middle of fixed polar plate 2 20, movable polar plate 2 24
Between.
(3) make electromagnet apparatus 11 work by electromagnet apparatus switch key 13, given in iron block 18 by magneticaction
Square-section beams of metal 6 applies pulling force, and observes 6 tensions of square-section beams of metal by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen 14
Power size, by the operating current of regulating magnet device operating current adjusting knob 12 regulating magnet device 11, makes pulling force
Size to fit, then makes electromagnet apparatus 11 quit work, so that square-section is golden by electromagnet apparatus switch key 13
Belong to beam 6 to start to do simple harmonic oscillation with copper framework 7, iron block 18, the beams of metal spring oscillator of metal framework 10 composition.Iron block 18 He
Under metal framework 10 drives, movable polar plate 1 and movable polar plate 2 24 are simple harmonic oscillation, therefore fixed polar plate one the most up and down
19 capacitors 1 constituted with movable polar plate 1, the capacitor 2 26 that fixed polar plate 2 20 is constituted with movable polar plate 1,
The capacitor 3 27 that fixed polar plate 3 21 is constituted with movable polar plate 2 24, the electricity that fixed polar plate 4 22 is constituted with movable polar plate 2 24
The change of the capacitance of container 4 28 generating period therewith, so that bridge output voltage the most periodically changes.
(4) this periodically variable bridge output voltage is after operational amplifier 1 amplifies, then through as output buffering
Operational amplifier 2 37 output of device, waveform shows on digital oscilloscope 38, sees on digital oscilloscope display screen 39
Examine the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplification, measure its cycle T, i.e. square-section beams of metal 6 and copper framework 7, iron block 18, gold
The beams of metal spring oscillator belonging to framework 10 composition does the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation.
(5) treat that beams of metal spring oscillator stops vibration, measure copper framework 7, iron block 18, metal framework 10 and movable polar plate
Gross mass m, i.e. quality m of beams of metal spring oscillator beams of metal midpoint hanging object.
(6) measure the effective length of square-section beams of metal 6 with meter ruler, namely lay two column 4 upper ends of this beam
Two distances l in the middle of the edges of a knife, measure the width b and height d of square-section beams of metal 6 square-section with slide gauge.
(7) by length l of square-section beams of metal 6, width b, highly d, quality m of beams of metal midpoint hanging object, with
And the cycle T that beams of metal spring oscillator is when doing simple harmonic oscillation substitutes into formulaThe Young of beams of metal material can be obtained
Modulus Y.
Above the present invention is set forth, but the most conditional intention of embodiment that the present invention is introduced, not
Deviating from the range of present subject matter, the present invention can have multiple changing and modifications.
Claims (2)
1. the beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation surveys the experimental provision of Young's modulus, it is characterised in that it is included on pedestal and sets
Putting two columns, each two column upper ends fix a steel edge of a knife, the blade of two edges of a knife is parallel to each other, a square-section gold
Belong to beam two ends and freely ride upon on the edge of a knife of two column upper ends, square-section beams of metal overlaps a copper framework, copper frame
Frame and beams of metal contact position, square-section are also edges of a knife, and the copper framework edge of a knife is located exactly at the edge of a knife of two column upper ends
Middle, arranges force-sensing sensor in copper framework lower end, and force-sensing sensor is connected with a metal framework by attachment means, metal
Lower portion fixes an iron block, arranges electromagnet apparatus below metal framework；Force-sensing sensor passes through interface and force-sensing sensor
Mersure Controler is connected, and force-sensing sensor is used for measuring pulling force size suffered by copper framework, namely square-section beams of metal midpoint
Place is by pulling force size, and can be shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen；Electromagnet apparatus is used for being made by magnetic force
Apply pulling force for iron block to square-section beams of metal, then discharge, so that copper framework, iron block, metal framework cut at rectangle
Do simple harmonic oscillation under the beams of metal effect of face, and pulling force size can be regulated by electromagnet apparatus operating current adjusting knob；
The two identical movable polar plates of block specifications are separately positioned on metal framework two sides, can move up and down with metal framework,
The four identical fixed polar plates of block specifications are separately positioned on four fixtures, and fixture is arranged on column, and fixture can be along column
Mobile to change position；The four identical fixed polar plates of block specifications and the identical movable polar plate of two block specifications constitute four
Capacitor, thus four capacitors are respectively as four brachium pontis of electric bridge, constitute a differential bridge, by adjustable alternating-current voltage source
Thering is provided power supply to electric bridge, sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and the frequency size of the output of adjustable alternating-current voltage source can be carried out by knob
Regulation, and can show on adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screen；The outfan concatenation operation amplifier one of electric bridge, as one
Individual backward voltage amplifier, voltage amplification factor can be carried out by the size changing adjustable feedback resistance and adjustable input resistance
Regulation, amplifies the output voltage of electric bridge, then exports through the operational amplifier two as output buffer, operational amplifier two-way
Crossing interface to be connected with digital oscilloscope, the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplifying can be shown by digital oscilloscope, enters
Row is observed and is measured.
Beam deflection method according to simple harmonic oscillation the most according to claim 1 is surveyed the experimental provision of Young's modulus and is surveyed metal Young
The experimental technique of modulus, it is characterised in that the detailed process of the method comprises the following steps:
Step one, by observing pedestal level gauge, adjust the pedestal leveling serew on pedestal, make square-section beams of metal level；
Step 2, along column movable clamp, make movable polar plate one be positioned in the middle of fixed polar plate one and fixed polar plate two, movable polar plate
Two are positioned in the middle of fixed polar plate three and fixed polar plate four, by adjustable alternating-current voltage source function switching key, at adjustable alternating current
Sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and frequency size that adjustable alternating-current voltage source exports is shown respectively, by adjustable friendship on potential source display screen
Stream voltage source voltage-regulation knob and adjustable alternating voltage source frequency adjusting knob are adjusted, and are exported by adjustable alternating-current voltage source
Sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and frequency regulation suitable；Will fortune by the size changing adjustable feedback resistance and adjustable input resistance
The voltage amplification factor regulation calculating amplifier one is suitable, and the waveform of the bridge output voltage after being amplified by digital oscilloscope is shown
Illustrate, observed the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplifying by digital oscilloscope display screen, move folder along column further
Tool, carefully adjusts fixed polar plate one, fixed polar plate two, fixed polar plate three and the position of fixed polar plate four, makes bridge output voltage
Being zero, now movable polar plate one is positioned at the middle of fixed polar plate one and fixed polar plate two, and movable polar plate two is positioned at fixed polar plate
Three with the middle of fixed polar plate four；
Step 3, make electromagnet apparatus work by electromagnet apparatus switch key, cut to rectangle in iron block by magneticaction
Face beams of metal applies pulling force, and measures pulling force size suffered by the beams of metal of display screen observation square-section by force-sensing sensor, logical
Overregulate the operating current of electromagnet apparatus operating current adjusting knob regulating magnet device, make pulling force size to fit, then
Make electromagnet apparatus quit work by electromagnet apparatus switch key so that square-section beams of metal and copper framework, iron block,
The beams of metal spring oscillator that metal framework is constituted starts to do simple harmonic oscillation；Under iron block and metal framework drive, movable polar plate one
And movable polar plate two does simple harmonic oscillation, the capacitor one that therefore fixed polar plate one is constituted with movable polar plate one the most up and down, fix
The capacitor two that pole plate two is constituted with movable polar plate one, the capacitor three that fixed polar plate three is constituted with movable polar plate two, fixed pole
The change of the capacitance generating period therewith of the capacitor four that plate four is constituted with movable polar plate two, so that bridge output voltage
The most periodically change；
Step 4, this periodically variable bridge output voltage are after operational amplifier one amplifies, then through as output buffer
Operational amplifier two export, waveform shows on digital oscilloscope, on digital oscilloscope display screen observe amplify after
The waveform of bridge output voltage, measure its cycle T, i.e. square-section beams of metal and constitute with copper framework, iron block, metal framework
Beams of metal spring oscillator does the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation；
Step 5, treat beams of metal spring oscillator stop vibration, measure total matter of copper framework, iron block, metal framework and movable polar plate
Amount m, i.e. quality m of beams of metal spring oscillator beams of metal midpoint hanging object；
Step 6, measure the effective length of square-section beams of metal with meter ruler, namely lay two column upper ends of this beam
Distance l in the middle of two edges of a knife, measures the width b and height d of beams of metal square-section, square-section with slide gauge；
Step 7, by length l of square-section beams of metal, width b, highly d, quality m of beams of metal midpoint hanging object, and
Cycle T when beams of metal spring oscillator does simple harmonic oscillation substitutes into formulaThe Young mould of beams of metal material can be obtained
Amount Y.
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| CN109342575A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-02-15 | 北京大学 | Elastic wave polarized systems |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109342575A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-02-15 | 北京大学 | Elastic wave polarized systems |
| CN109342575B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2024-03-22 | 北京大学 | Elastic wave polarization system |
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