CN106224124A - A kind of heat engine device based on Seebeck effect - Google Patents
A kind of heat engine device based on Seebeck effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN106224124A CN106224124A CN201610810783.9A CN201610810783A CN106224124A CN 106224124 A CN106224124 A CN 106224124A CN 201610810783 A CN201610810783 A CN 201610810783A CN 106224124 A CN106224124 A CN 106224124A
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- heat engine
- temperature
- engine device
- peltier
- quasiconductor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/045—Controlling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Temperature (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to new forms of energy application, a kind of heat engine device based on Seebeck effect.The present invention includes heat engine device internal core structure, heat engine device guidance panel and heat engine device circuit；Heat engine device internal core structure includes a hot junction heating plate, two Peltier quasiconductors, a heat-pipe radiator and two fans；Heat engine device guidance panel includes that cold junction temperature shows, the load both end voltage of Peltier quasiconductor 1 shows, hot-side temperature shows, heat engine fundamental diagram, ohmic load, supply hub；Heat engine device circuit includes display circuit, temperature collection circuit, voltage collection circuit, thermoregulator.The present invention uses pid algorithm to realize the constant control to cold junction temperature.The output voltage of regulation hot junction external power supply realizes the control of hot-side temperature.Can study the relation of efficiency of heat engine and temperature difference, hot-side temperature and cold junction temperature can be directly displayed on guidance panel, simple to operate, intuitive display.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new forms of energy application, a kind of heat engine device based on Seebeck effect.
Background technology
World today's energy shortage, people are constantly searching for the new energy always.Development and technology along with science and technology
Progressive, the heat engine of various new-generation modes is arisen at the historic moment.
Most heat engines is used to surely belong to internal combustion engine in the market, by acting by the interior mechanical energy that can be converted into, but structure
More complicated, volume is relatively big, and parts machining required precision is higher.Many utilization is had to clean in published Chinese patent literature
The technical information of energy design heat engine, Authorization Notice No. is " solar thermal machine " of CN101994666A, and this patent formula proposes
A kind of machinery with solar energy as power source, solves the pollution problem of conventional heat engines, but at night with overcast and rainy
This heat engine can quit work.Authorization Notice No. is " the sail heat supply machine " of CN103062889A, and this patent proposes to turn wind energy
Turn to the heat engine of heat energy, but its purposes regional extent is narrower, need to be used in the area that wind-force is the strongest.
Being different from principle and the application of above heat engine, the present invention uses Peltier quasiconductor to build nothing according to Seebeck effect
Noise, pollution-free, the heat engine device of delicate structure, be converted directly into electric energy by heat energy, for load supplying.Loaded by measurement
The power of power and external power supply can record the efficiency of heat engine device.The physics that this heat engine device is applied to institution of higher learning is real
Test teaching, student can be made fully to grasp principle and the Seebeck effect of heat engine.According to the principle of the present invention, available Ground Heat
Source or steel mill's hot waste water waste gas generate electricity.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of heat engine device based on Seebeck effect.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of heat engine device based on Seebeck effect, including heat engine device internal core structure, heat engine device operating surface
Plate and heat engine device circuit；Heat engine device internal core structure include a hot junction heating plate, two Peltier quasiconductors, one
Heat-pipe radiator and two fans；Heat engine device guidance panel include cold junction temperature show, the load two of Peltier quasiconductor (1)
Terminal voltage shows, hot-side temperature shows, heat engine fundamental diagram, ohmic load, supply hub；Heat engine device circuit includes display
Circuit, temperature collection circuit, voltage collection circuit, thermoregulator；
Heat engine device internal core structure, hot junction heating plate generates high temperature as Peltier half under the effect of external power supply
The hot junction of conductor 1；Peltier quasiconductor 2 produces paltie effect and makes Peltier quasiconductor 2 one side temperature when energising
Degree reduces, and another side temperature raises；The low one side of temperature is as the cold end of Peltier quasiconductor 1；Heat-pipe radiator and two wind
Fan composition cooling system is close to the one side that Peltier quasiconductor 2 temperature is high, carries out radiating treatment, it is ensured that cold junction temperature is controlled；
The hot junction of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor is coupled together formation P-N pair by sheet metal by Peltier quasiconductor 1,
Then at cold end and the cold end output DC current of N-type semiconductor of P-type semiconductor；
Single-chip microcomputer is used to run pid algorithm by the temperature constant of actuator control refrigeration end at 1 DEG C；Single-chip microcomputer is to cold end temperature
The magnitude of voltage Real-time Collection at the load two ends of degree, hot-side temperature and Peltier quasiconductor 1 shows；
Panel integrated resistor has 1.2 Ω, 3.0 Ω, 5.1 Ω, 10 Ω, by resistance is combined loading by external wire
Output to Peltier quasiconductor 1, it is achieved the external different resistances loads of heat engine device, is used for measuring load consuming power, optimal
Load, pyroconductivity, the efficiency of heat engine；
Guidance panel showing, cold junction temperature, hot-side temperature and Peltier quasiconductor 1 load the magnitude of voltage at two ends.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
It is different from existing heat engine, uses Seebeck effect that heat energy is directly changed into electric energy.
Pid algorithm is used to realize the constant control to cold junction temperature.The output voltage of regulation hot junction external power supply realizes heat
The control of end temperature.Can study the relation of efficiency of heat engine and temperature difference, hot-side temperature can be directly displayed at cold junction temperature
On guidance panel, simple to operate, intuitive display.
Resistance on heat engine device guidance panel can be combined conversion, research efficiency of heat engine and the relation of load.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Seebeck effect schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 heat engine device circuit function block diagram；
Fig. 3 pid algorithm program work flow process；
Fig. 4 heat engine device operation principle；
Fig. 5 heat engine device internal core structure；
Fig. 6 heat engine device workflow；
Fig. 7 heat engine device guidance panel.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of and utilizes, according to Seebeck effect, the heat engine device that Peltier quasiconductor designs, in order to make specially
Profit office auditor and the public are well understood to the technical spirit of the present invention, carry out the specific embodiment of the invention specifically below
Bright:
This invention main device comprises following aspect:
Heat engine device the most of the present invention uses Peltier quasiconductor built-up according to Seebeck effect.
Design principle of the present invention application is Seebeck effect, Seebeck effect refer at two kinds of different metallic conductors or
In the closed-loop path of person's quasiconductor composition, when there is temperature contrast between the contact point of two kinds of different conductive materials, in loop
The phenomenon of electric current will be produced.Peltier quasiconductor utilizes Seebeck effect to convert heat into electric energy, Seebeck effect principle
As shown in Figure 1.Peltier quasiconductor internal structure unit is the P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor being together in series by sheet metal, logical
Cross and a lot of such basic structural units are coupled together, then they are encapsulated in ceramic package, draw two the most again
Lead-in wire just constitutes a Paar paster respectively as positive pole and negative pole.When its two ends exist temperature difference, in N-type semiconductor
Electronics is spread to cold end by hot junction, and the cold end making N-type semiconductor is electronegative and hot junction positively charged；Sky in P-type semiconductor simultaneously
Cave is also spread to cold end by hot junction, makes the cold end positively charged of P-type semiconductor and hot junction positively charged, p-type is partly led by sheet metal
The hot junction of body and N-type semiconductor couples together and forms P-N pair, then in cold end and the cold end output of N-type semiconductor of P-type semiconductor
Multiple P-N in Peltier quasiconductor be can be obtained by bigger electric current output by electric current to being together in series.
The heating power that the hot junction of heat engine device the most of the present invention uses regulated power supply to control power resistor realizes, and low-temperature receiver uses
Pid algorithm by temperature constant at 1 DEG C.The temperature difference that cold and hot end produces acts on Peltier quasiconductor 1, thus produces electric energy.
The electric energy produced is that load resistance is powered, and the voltage signal at load two ends is acquired by single-chip microcomputer, and operates at heat engine device
Show on panel.Use pt100 micro temperature sensor to be embedded into hot junction and cold end, carry out temperature survey, by temperature pick-up
Temperature signal is converted to 4-20mA current signal by device, and single-chip microcomputer is acquired conversion to current signal, is shown by temperature value
On panel.Single-chip microcomputer, according to the temperature signal of cold end, makes cold junction temperature constant at 1 DEG C by pid algorithm control refrigeration end actuator.
Its circuit function block diagram is as shown in Figure 2.Deviation between actual value and the setting value 1 DEG C of cold junction temperature is compared by pid algorithm
Example, integration and differentiate, operation result acts on the temperature controlling refrigeration end on cold end actuator, and temperature control precision reaches 0.25
℃。
Pid algorithm expression formula is:
U (k)=P e (k)+I [e (k)+e (k-1)+...+e (0)]+D [e (k)-e (k-1)] (1)
In formula: U (k) is the controlled quentity controlled variable of the single-chip microcomputer calculating of kth time sampling instant；P is proportionality coefficient；I is integral coefficient；
D is differential coefficient；E (k) is this deviation；
The workflow diagram of pid algorithm program as it is shown on figure 3, first each variable is defined, then to deviation value with
Institute is devious and carries out initializing clearing, calculates the deviation value of this sampling, namely cold junction temperature actual value and setting value 1
DEG C deviation.Whether the value of judgment bias is 0.If deviation is not 0, then calculate the value of P, it is judged that whether this deviation value is less than setting
Fixed maximum deflection difference value (0.25 DEG C), if less than maximum deflection difference value, then calculate all deviations and, calculate the value of I, if more than maximum
Deviation value (0.25 DEG C), then I=0；Calculate the difference of this deviation and preceding deviation, before then this deviation value being assigned to simultaneously
Secondary deviation value, calculates the value of D.If this deviation is 0, then regulation terminates.
3. the heat engine device that the present invention builds can measure its actual efficiency and Carnot efficiency.Heat engine device operation principle is such as
Shown in Fig. 4, according to law of conservation of energy, heat engine input energy, obtains plus to the heat exhaust of cold end equal to heat engine work done
QH=W+QC (2)
In formula: QHRepresenting the total amount of heat absorbed from hot junction, W represents heat engine work done, QCRepresent the heat of Xiang Leng end discharge
Amount.
Conversion efficiency e is calculated as follows:
Due to heat engine device measurement is power rather than energy, so formula (2) can be expressed as:
PH=PW+PC (4)
In formula: PHRepresent the general power in hot junction, PWRepresent the power of heat engine acting, PCRepresent the power of Xiang Leng end transmission；Merit
Rate PWRefer to the power of load acting, obtained by load both end voltage value and load computing the resistor value；Power PHRefer to external
The general power of power supply, can read current value from power supply and magnitude of voltage is calculated.
Efficiency e of heat engine can be rewritten as:
Carnot efficiency eCarnotOnly relevant with the temperature difference between hot junction and cold end, computing formula is as follows:
In formula: THRepresent hot-side temperature, TCRepresent cold junction temperature, directly read from heat engine device guidance panel, need to change
It is counted as thermodynamic temperature.
1. the realization of heat engine device generating function
Heat engine device specifically includes: heat engine device internal core structure, heat engine device circuit, heat engine device guidance panel.
(1) heat engine device internal core structure
As it is shown in figure 5, include: hot junction heating plate, Peltier quasiconductor 1, Peltier quasiconductor 2, heat-pipe radiator and two
Individual fan.Hot junction heating plate produces the high temperature hot junction as Peltier quasiconductor 1 under the effect of external power supply.Peltier is partly led
Body 2 produces paltie effect when energising and Peltier quasiconductor 2 one surface temperature is reduced, and another side temperature raises.
The low one side of temperature is as the cold end of Peltier quasiconductor 1.Heat-pipe radiator and two fan composition cooling systems are close to Paar
The one side that patch quasiconductor 2 temperature is high, carries out radiating treatment, it is ensured that cold junction temperature is controlled.Peltier quasiconductor 1 is at hot junction and cold end
Effect under produce Seebeck effect, thus export electric energy.
(2) heat engine device circuit
Including display circuit, temperature collection circuit, voltage collection circuit, thermoregulator.The heating plate in hot junction is external
Producing high temperature action under the effect of source of stable pressure on Peltier quasiconductor 1, the temperature in single-chip microcomputer Real-time Collection hot junction also send display.
Single-chip microcomputer run pid algorithm by the temperature of actuator control refrigeration end make temperature constant at 1 DEG C, to cold junction temperature Real-time Collection also
Send display.Peltier quasiconductor 1 produces Seebeck effect output electric current, single-chip microcomputer collection load two ends under the effect of temperature difference
Magnitude of voltage also send display.Heat engine device workflow is as shown in Figure 6.
(3) heat engine device guidance panel
As it is shown in fig. 7, comprises cold junction temperature shows, Peltier quasiconductor 1 output voltage shows, hot-side temperature shows, heat
Machine fundamental diagram, ohmic load, supply hub.Heat engine just can be given when external power supply receives guidance panel power source jack
Heating plate heats.Resistance on guidance panel has 1.2 Ω, 3.0 Ω, 5.1 Ω, 10 Ω, by external wire, resistance is carried out group
Close the output being loaded into Peltier quasiconductor 1.Peltier quasiconductor 1 optimum load resistance is 6.3 Ω.
2. specific works mode
Operating procedure is as follows:
(1) heat engine device guidance panel power source jack connects external power supply；
(2) by external wire, suitable load resistance is selected to Peltier quasiconductor 1；
(3) being energized to instrument, the voltage regulating external source of stable pressure makes hot-side temperature reach requirement；
(4), when cold junction temperature is stabilized to 1 DEG C under PID regulation controls, cold junction temperature, hot-side temperature, load resistance are recorded
Voltage in value and load；
(5) heat engine actual efficiency and Carnot efficiency are calculated by formula (4) and (5)；
(6) regulation external power supply voltage change temperature difference, change outer meeting resistance just can study different temperatures difference with not
With the efficiency of heat engine under loading condition.
Claims (1)
1. a heat engine device based on Seebeck effect, it is characterised in that: include that heat engine device internal core structure, heat engine fill
Put guidance panel and heat engine device circuit；Heat engine device internal core structure includes a hot junction heating plate, two Peltiers half
Conductor, a heat-pipe radiator and two fans；Heat engine device guidance panel include cold junction temperature show, Peltier quasiconductor
(1) load both end voltage shows, hot-side temperature shows, heat engine fundamental diagram, ohmic load, supply hub；Heat engine device
Circuit includes display circuit, temperature collection circuit, voltage collection circuit, thermoregulator；
Heat engine device internal core structure, hot junction heating plate generates high temperature as Peltier quasiconductor under the effect of external power supply
(1) hot junction；Peltier quasiconductor (2) produces paltie effect when energising and makes Peltier quasiconductor (2) simultaneously
Temperature reduces, and another side temperature raises；The low one side of temperature is as the cold end of Peltier quasiconductor (1)；Heat-pipe radiator and two
Individual fan composition cooling system is close to the one side that Peltier quasiconductor (2) temperature is high, carries out radiating treatment, it is ensured that cold junction temperature can
Control；
The hot junction of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor is coupled together formation P-N pair by sheet metal by Peltier quasiconductor (1), then
Cold end and the cold end output DC current of N-type semiconductor at P-type semiconductor；
Single-chip microcomputer is used to run pid algorithm by the temperature constant of actuator control refrigeration end at 1 DEG C；Single-chip microcomputer to cold junction temperature,
The magnitude of voltage Real-time Collection at the load two ends of hot-side temperature and Peltier quasiconductor 1 shows；
Panel integrated resistor has 1.2 Ω, 3.0 Ω, 5.1 Ω, 10 Ω, by being combined being loaded into handkerchief to resistance by external wire
The output of your patch quasiconductor 1, it is achieved the external different resistances loads of heat engine device, be used for measuring load consuming power, optimum load,
Pyroconductivity, the efficiency of heat engine；
Guidance panel showing, cold junction temperature, hot-side temperature and Peltier quasiconductor 1 load the magnitude of voltage at two ends.
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| CN201610810783.9A CN106224124B (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2016-09-08 | A kind of heat engine device based on Seebeck effect |
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| CN201610810783.9A CN106224124B (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2016-09-08 | A kind of heat engine device based on Seebeck effect |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110718624A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2020-01-21 | 天津大学 | Peltier effect cooling device and method for TDC chip |
| CN112004312A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-11-27 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | Printed circuit board and overcurrent upper limit adjusting method of printed circuit board |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2419479A1 (en) * | 1978-03-07 | 1979-10-05 | Comp Generale Electricite | Heat pump for air conditioning system - has thermal semi-conductor units in contact with electrically conducting heat exchanger bodies |
| US20060137359A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Nanocoolers, Inc. | Counterflow thermoelectric configuration employing thermal transfer fluid in closed cycle |
| CN1849714A (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2006-10-18 | Bsst有限责任公司 | High power density thermoelectric systems |
| US20060266402A1 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | An-Ping Zhang | Thermal transfer and power generation devices and methods of making the same |
-
2016
- 2016-09-08 CN CN201610810783.9A patent/CN106224124B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2419479A1 (en) * | 1978-03-07 | 1979-10-05 | Comp Generale Electricite | Heat pump for air conditioning system - has thermal semi-conductor units in contact with electrically conducting heat exchanger bodies |
| CN1849714A (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2006-10-18 | Bsst有限责任公司 | High power density thermoelectric systems |
| US20060137359A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Nanocoolers, Inc. | Counterflow thermoelectric configuration employing thermal transfer fluid in closed cycle |
| US20060266402A1 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | An-Ping Zhang | Thermal transfer and power generation devices and methods of making the same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陈国庆等: "半导体温差发电实验仪器的研制", 《电子器件》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110718624A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2020-01-21 | 天津大学 | Peltier effect cooling device and method for TDC chip |
| CN112004312A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-11-27 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | Printed circuit board and overcurrent upper limit adjusting method of printed circuit board |
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| CN106224124B (en) | 2018-01-19 |
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