CN106211791B - 用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的塔,包括这样的塔的空气分离设备以及用于生产这样的塔的方法 - Google Patents

用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的塔,包括这样的塔的空气分离设备以及用于生产这样的塔的方法 Download PDF

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CN106211791B
CN106211791B CN201580007704.4A CN201580007704A CN106211791B CN 106211791 B CN106211791 B CN 106211791B CN 201580007704 A CN201580007704 A CN 201580007704A CN 106211791 B CN106211791 B CN 106211791B
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intermediate distillation
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P·卡瓦涅
O·德卡鲁斯
N·艾克-贝劳德
N·史密特
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George Lode Methodology Research And Development Liquefied Air Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的塔(2),所述塔包括一个壳体和至少四个蒸馏区段(24,25,26,27,28),这些蒸馏区段至少包括该低压塔的第一中间蒸馏区段(25),该第一中间蒸馏区段由辅助外壳包围,在该塔的径向方向上围绕该辅助外壳限定了空间,所述空间被划分成下部部段和上部部段,这个或这些中间区段被定位在该低压塔的中间部分中,该第一中间区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段(24,26)的容量,并且在该外壳中在两个相邻区段之间布置了开口,如果该塔要形成氩生产设备的一部分则可以密封该开口。

Description

用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的塔,包括这样的塔的空气分 离设备以及用于生产这样的塔的方法
本发明涉及一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的塔,一种包括这样的塔的空气分离设备以及一种用于生产这样的塔的方法。
有时需要在设计阶段根据不断改变的客户需求来改变空气分离设备的设计。例如,客户可以决定需要生产氩,即使该设备已经被设计成不提供用于氩生产或没有氩塔。
解决该问题的一种方式是设计具有能够生产氩但如果不需要氩则将富氩气体排放到废氮中的塔的设备。另外,还可能增大低压塔的尺寸。这两种解决方案必然会增加投资成本。
能够进行氩生产的空气蒸馏设施通常包括中压塔,该中压塔通常在约6巴的绝对压力下运行、上部安装了通常在稍微高于大气压下运行的低压塔包围并且被联接到不纯氩生产塔。蒸发器-冷凝器在基本上包括纯氮的中压塔的塔顶蒸汽与来自该低压塔的基本上包括纯氧的釜液之间产生热交换关系。
该低压塔包括蒸馏区段和正好在其上方的第一中间蒸馏区段以及在该第一个中间蒸馏区段上方的若干(通常为两个或三个)区段。
这些蒸馏区段各自是由多个交叉波纹结构填料块制成的。
如众所周知的,交叉波纹填料块是由一捆波纹塔板制成的,这些波纹塔板各自被安排在基本上竖直的平面中并且彼此相接触,每个塔板具有基本上矩形的形状。这些塔板是倾斜成波纹状的,并且这些波纹的倾斜方向从一个塔板到下一个塔板反转。所有这些塔板都具有相同的高度,而所有这些塔板的长度或水平尺寸从一端塔板的最小值增大至中间塔板的最大值再减小至另一端塔板的相同最小值。
这些区段各自是连续的填料区段,即是包括直接堆叠在彼此上的多个基本块而没有中间流体再分配设备的区段,每个基本块绕该塔的轴线相对于两个相邻层旋转90°。
如EP-A-0664144中描述的第一中间蒸馏区段具有比其他区段更小的截面并且因此在该低压塔的中间在该区段的边缘与该塔的主要外壳之间具有一个环形截面的空间。该塔被设计成使得可以将富氩蒸汽抽出在该环形截面的空间中的挡板下方,该挡板将该空间划分成下部部段和竖直方向上部部段。然后该蒸汽被供给至氩塔中。还使该氩塔中的釜液返回到该下部部段,在该下部部段大部分富氩蒸汽被抽出。来自该氩塔的顶部冷凝器的汽化富液被输送到该空间的上部部段。
该第一中间蒸馏区段是通过多个分配器与相邻区段分离开的。
因此,该塔中与氩生产相关的气体提取和供给不增加塔的高度。
可以减小该第一中间蒸馏区段的直径,而不增加塔的直径,因为该区段不是关键设计。实际上,非常大量的气体流动到该氩塔中,并且因此不通过这一区段。
根据现有技术,如果该设施被设计成不生产氩,则不安装该截面减小的区段。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种设计成用于生产和不生产氩的低压塔。理念是使用具有截面减小的第一中间蒸馏区段、带或不带氩生产的塔,并且更改这一区段中的填料的密度,如果不需要氩生产则密度较低并且如果需要氩生产则密度较高。
本发明使得有可能使用用于带或不带氩生产的低压塔的标准模型。这使得有可能使包括流体供应管线的冷箱的架构标准化。因此,能够减少递送至客户的时间,因为可以在决定是否需要生产氩之前制造塔。
已知通过改变填料的几何形状来增加填料区段的容量,如文件EP-A-0707885所述。
根据本发明的一个目的,提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的塔,该塔具有一个壳体和至少四个蒸馏区段,每个区段包括交叉波纹结构填料块的叠堆,每个块包括一捆矩形波纹塔板,至少该塔的第一中间蒸馏区段由一个辅助外壳包围、该辅助外壳进而由在该塔的径向方向上划分成下部部段和上部部段的空间所包围,这个或这些中间区段被定位在该塔的中间部分中,其特征在于,该第一中间区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段的容量、或该塔的其他区段的容量,并且在于第二和第三中间蒸馏区段被安排成使得在使用时该第二区段位于该第一中间区段上方并且该第三中间区段位于该第二中间区段上方,并且包括处于该第一和第二中间区段之间的空间内的第一开口、处于该第二和第三中间区段之间的空间内的第二开口以及处于该第三区段上方的空间内的第三开口,该第一、第二和第三开口被设计成连接到一个液体输入管,该第一或第三开口是关闭的并且该第二开口是打开的。
根据本发明的任选的另一目的,该塔包括:
-提供在该外壳中以将该上部部段和该下部部段与该塔的外部联通的多个开口,所述开口是关闭的,
-该第一中间区段中的填料比这些相邻区段中的至少一者密度小至少50m2/m3,
-该第一个中间区段中的填料的几何形状不同于相邻区段中的至少一者的几何形状。
根据本发明的另一目的,提供了一种空气分离设备,该空气分离设备包括与如上所述的低压塔热联通的一个中压塔,该中压塔不包括用于将一种流体从该低压塔的中间高度输送至另一塔以进行分离的装置。
根据本发明的另一目的,提供了一种用于生产空气分离设备的塔的方法,在该空气分离设备中一个塔被构建成具有一个主要外壳并且若干蒸馏区段被安排在该主要外壳中,每个区段包括交叉波纹结构填料块的叠堆,每个块包括一捆矩形波纹塔板,至少该低压塔的第一中间蒸馏区段由一个辅助外壳包围、进而由在该塔的径向方向上划分成下部部段和上部部段的一个空间包围,这个或这些中间区段被定位在该低压塔的中间部分中,其特征在于,
i)如果该塔被设计成是不生产富氩流的设备的一部分,则对于该第一中间区段安装填料,该填料被选定成使该第一中间区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段的容量或该塔的其他区段的容量,并且在该主要外壳中两个相邻区段之间的一个点处、在该第一中间区段与该塔的头部之间的一个高度形成至少一个回流开口,并且
ii)如果该塔被设计成是生产富氩流的设备的一部分,则该回流开口被封堵。
根据任选的其他方面:
-在该主要外壳中形成提供通向该下部部段和/或该上部部段的入口的至少一个开口,并且如果该塔被设计成是不生产富氩流的设备的一部分则至少一个开口被封堵。
-在该主要外壳中两个相邻区段之间的一个点处、在该第一中间区段与该塔的头部之间的一个高度形成至少一个回流开口,并且如果该塔被设计成是不生产富氩流的设备的一部分则该回流开口被封堵。
-在该主要外壳中两个相邻区段之间的一个点处、在该第一中间区段与该塔的头部之间的一个高度形成至少一个回流开口,并且如果该塔被设计成是生产富氩流的设备的一部分则该回流开口被封堵。
在此所使用的术语“富液”是专业术语,是指一种与空气相比富氧的液体。
在一般情况下,有用的是设计中压塔和低压塔的底部(至少一个区段)的标准版本,而不管所要求的产品,并且根据客户要求来设计该低压塔的其余部分。
以下参照附图来描述本发明的示例性实施例,在附图中:
-图1是根据本发明的设计成不用于氩生产的空气蒸馏设备的低压塔的示意图
-图2是根据本发明的设计成用于氩生产的空气蒸馏设备的低压塔的示意图。
空气蒸馏设施(在图1中示出其低压塔)包括中压塔1,该中压塔典型地在约6巴的绝对压力下运行、上部安装了典型地在稍微高于大气压下运行的低压塔2。可以看出,不存在用于产生纯的或不纯的氩的塔。蒸发器-冷凝器4在基本上包括纯氮的塔1的塔顶蒸汽与来自塔2的基本上包括纯氧的釜液之间产生热交换关系。
塔1接收有待分离的加压净化空气并且产生富氧液体流和富氮液体流,这两者都被输送至低压塔2。
图1中的非常示意性的图示本质上旨在示出在该设施中的流体输入/输出,以及由该设施限定的这些蒸馏区段。
低压塔2的主要外壳包括六个蒸馏区段,具体如下:
·该塔的具有其液体输出端10的基底与中间蒸馏区段25之间的下部蒸馏区段24
·正好在区段24上方的第一中间蒸馏区段25,两者之间具有分配器(未示出),该第一中间蒸馏区段在液体输入端6的下方,第一中间蒸馏区段的截面小于下部区段的截面
·第一和第三中间蒸馏区段之间的第二中间蒸馏区段26
·第二中间蒸馏区段与上部蒸馏区段28之间的第三中间蒸馏区段27,
·第三中间蒸馏区段与尖塔区段之间的上部蒸馏区段28
·尖塔区段29,其截面小于上部蒸馏区段的截面。
该第一中间蒸馏区段的截面小于下部区段、上部区段以及第二和第三中间区段的截面。区段29是使用虚线示出的,因为该区段的存在不是必需的。
第一中间区段25是包括由辅助外壳包围的填料的圆柱体,该辅助外壳具有比该塔的外壳更小的直径。该第一中间区段被安排在该塔的外壳内并且被由该塔的外壳和包围填料的辅助外壳所界定的环形截面空间所包围。环形密封构件71密封地连结该塔的外壳和辅助外壳,并且区段26的顶部通过多个间隔件72与分配器29C分离。
这些蒸馏区段23至29各自是由多个交叉波纹结构填料块制成的。
如众所周知的,交叉波纹填料块是由一捆波纹塔板制成的,这些波纹塔板各自被安排在基本上竖直的平面中并且彼此相接触,每个塔板具有基本上矩形的形状。这些塔板是倾斜成波纹状的,并且这些波纹的倾斜方向从一个塔板到下一个塔板反转。所有这些塔板都具有相同的高度,而所有这些塔板的长度或水平尺寸从一端塔板的最小值增大至中间塔板的最大值再减小至另一端塔板的相同最小值。
这些区段23至29各自是连续的填料区段,即包括直接堆叠在彼此上的多个基本叠组(pack)而没有中间流体再分配设备的区段,每个基本叠组绕该塔的轴线相对于两个相邻层旋转90°。由于以下列出的多个特征,这是可能的,尽管某些区段的高度大,尤其是可以包括分别为40、38和50个理论塔板的区段23、24和28。
一方面蒸馏区段24和25、另一方面25和26、26和27、27和28、最后28和29是通过分配器而彼此分离的。
虽然低压塔不是被设计成连接到氩生产塔,但该低压塔仍然含有截面减小的区段25,该区段通常用于供应氩生产塔的低压塔。
虽然用于这五个区段24至28的填料在供给该氩生产塔的低压塔中是相同的,但用于第一中间区段25的填料比用于区段24、26、27、28和可能的29的填料密度更小。区段29的存在不是必须的。
这意味着,在构建该塔时,可以非常晚地在一旦已经作出生产氩或不生产氩的决定时作出关于有待安装在该第一中间区段中的填料容量的决定。可以制造该主外壳和这些外部连接件,并且有待作出的塔2的最终用途仅取决于区段25的安装。
有改变区段25的容量的若干种不同的方式。如文件EP-A-0707885中提出的,可以修改该填料区段的边缘,以减少在该区段的下部和/或上部部分的气体流动相对于该区段内部的阻力。
还可以选定用于区段25的填料使其比用于区段24和26的密度小至少50m2/m3。因此,用于区段25的填料可以具有350m2/m3的密度,而用于区段24和26的填料的平均密度为500m2/m3
目的是如果不需要氩生产则选定比如果需要氩生产时具有更高液泛极限的区段。这种极限的差异可以通过不同的方式获得,例如通过选择由具有不同几何形状的填料制成的区段,带或不带设计成减少对气体流动的阻力的经修改的下部边缘等。
第一和第二中间区段之间提供了富液(富氧液体)的输入端。在该塔的上游,该液体经膨胀以部分汽化,并且液体流6和气体流6A被输送到这两个区段之间的空间。
第二和第三中间蒸馏区段之间提供了液化空气输入端。在该塔的上游,该液体经膨胀以部分汽化,并且液体流8和气体流8A被输送到这两个区段之间的空间。
上部区段28和尖塔区段29(任选)之间提供了液氮输入端17,与其一道提供的是在该尖塔区段的顶部的液氮输入端18。如果没有尖塔,将液氮输送到塔头部。
图1示出了连接成以无氩生产的双塔的低压塔运行的标准塔2。
如果决定将相同的塔2用作供给氩生产塔的塔,则区段25的填料将具有与用于区段24、26、27、28和潜在的29的填料相同的密度(例如500m2/m3)。另一方面,需要在该塔中形成多个开口,如图2所示。
该塔的内部因此是等同于图1所示的塔的内部的,除了区段25的容量。在区段25中,将管联通到隔板71下方的下部部段,以将富氩气体携送至该氩分离塔。来自该塔的釜液穿过管21达到该下部部段。该氩塔的头部冷凝器中的汽化富液穿过管13达到该上部区段。
为回流,富液6和汽化富氧液体6A进入第二和第三中间区段26、27,并且液化空气8和经汽化的液化空气8A进入第三中间区段27与上部区段28之间。这些氮输入端等同于图1中的输入端。
因此,在决定塔2是否将被用于生产氩之前,可以在第一和第二中间区段25、26中,在第二和第三中间区段26、27中以及在第三中间区段27和上部区段28之间形成开口。于是该塔被制造成具有能够后续连接引导至或来自该氩塔的流体管并且能够不论是否要求氩生产都连接该中压塔的多个开口。
然后,如果不要求氩生产则使用盲凸缘或另一***来关闭未使用的输入端和输出端,并且如果要求氩生产则关闭其他未使用的输入端和输出端。
如果要求氩生产,则第一和第二中间区段25、26之间的开口被封堵,第二和第三间中间区段26、27之间的开口使富液能够进入,并且第三中间区段27和另一区段28之间的开口使液化空气能够进入。
如果不要求氩生产,则第一和第二中间区段25、26之间的开口使富液能够进入,第二和第三间中间区段26、27之间的开口使液化空气能够进入,并且第三中间区段27和上部区段28之间的开口被封堵。
设计成用于氩生产的塔2和设计成不用于氩生产的塔2之间仍然可以存在差异。特别是,分配器的类型或尺寸可以塔与塔之间变化。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的塔(2),该塔具有一个主要外壳和至少四个蒸馏区段(24,25,26,27,28,29),每个区段包括交叉波纹结构填料块的叠堆,每个块包括一捆矩形波纹塔板,至少该塔的第一中间蒸馏区段(25)由辅助外壳包围、该辅助外壳进而由在该塔的径向方向上划分成下部部段和上部部段的空间所包围,这个或这些中间蒸馏区段被定位在该塔的中间部分中,其特征在于,该第一中间蒸馏区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段的容量、或该塔的其他区段的容量,并且在于,该塔包括第二和第三中间蒸馏区段,第二和第三中间蒸馏区段被安排成使得在使用时该第二中间蒸馏区段(26)位于该第一中间蒸馏区段上方并且该第三中间蒸馏区段(27)位于该第二中间蒸馏区段上方,并且包括处于该第一和第二中间蒸馏区段之间的空间内的第一开口、处于该第二和第三中间蒸馏区段之间的空间内的第二开口以及处于该第三中间蒸馏区段上方的空间内的第三开口,该第一、第二和第三开口被设计成连接到液体输入管,该第一或第三开口是关闭的并且该第二开口是打开的,
其中,所述塔包括提供在该主要外壳中以将该上部部段和该下部部段与该塔的外部联通的多个开口,所述多个开口是关闭的。
2.如权利要求1所述的塔,其特征在于,该第一中间蒸馏区段(25)中的填料比这些相邻区段(24,26)中的至少一者的密度小至少50m2/m3
3.空气分离设备,包括与低压塔(2)热联通的中压塔(1),该低压塔(2)是如权利要求1或2所述的塔,该空气分离设备不包括用于将流体从该低压塔的中间高度输送至另一塔以进行分离的装置。
4.一种用于生产空气分离设备的低压塔(2)的方法,在该空气分离设备中,
(a)塔被构建成具有主要外壳,
(b)至少四个蒸馏区段(24,25,26,27,28,29)被安排在该主要外壳中,每个区段包括交叉波纹结构填料块的叠堆,每个块包括一捆矩形波纹塔板,至少该低压塔的第一中间蒸馏区段(25)由辅助外壳包围、进而由在该塔的径向方向上划分成下部部段和上部部段的空间包围,这个或这些中间蒸馏区段被定位在该低压塔的中间部分中,第二中间蒸馏区段(26)和第三中间蒸馏区段(27)被定位成使得在使用中,第二中间蒸馏区段位于第一中间蒸馏区段上方,第三中间蒸馏区段位于第二中间蒸馏区段上方,
(c)在该塔的主要外壳中形成第一开口、第二开口和第三开口,第一开口处于第一和第二中间蒸馏区段之间的空间内,第二开口处于第二和第三中间蒸馏区段之间的空间内,第三开口形成于第三和第四中间蒸馏区段之间,第一、第二和第三开口能够各自连接到不同的液体输送管道,
其特征在于
i)如果该塔不连接到氩生产塔,则对于该第一中间蒸馏区段安装填料,该填料被选定成使该第一中间蒸馏区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段(24,26)的容量或该塔的其他区段的容量,并且第三开口被封堵,且第二开口保持打开,并且
ii)如果该塔被连接到氩生产塔,则对于该第一中间蒸馏区段安装填料,该填料被选定成使该第一中间蒸馏区段的密度与该塔的其他区段的密度相同,第一开口被封堵,并且第二开口打开。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在该主要外壳中形成提供通向该下部部段和/或该上部部段的入口的至少一个开口,并且如果该塔被设计成是不生产富氩流的设备的一部分则至少一个开口被封堵。
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FR3017698B1 (fr) 2019-03-29
CN105992923A (zh) 2016-10-05
CN105992923B (zh) 2019-07-02
EP3105520B1 (fr) 2022-01-26
US10473392B2 (en) 2019-11-12
FR3017698A1 (fr) 2015-08-21
EP3105520A2 (fr) 2016-12-21
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US20170023296A1 (en) 2017-01-26
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