CN106211260B - Position information self-adaptive opportunistic routing method in Internet of vehicles - Google Patents
Position information self-adaptive opportunistic routing method in Internet of vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
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- H04W40/20—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on geographic position or location
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Abstract
the invention discloses a position information self-adaptive opportunistic routing method in an internet of vehicles, which comprises the steps of partitioning a network according to the distance between a vehicle carried by a message and a target vehicle; executing corresponding routing strategies according to different areas where the vehicle nodes are located, increasing message copies in an opportunity forwarding area, executing a minimum copy mechanism to ensure the forwarding opportunity of the messages in a greedy forwarding area and a limited forwarding area, and executing greedy forwarding and limited forwarding on the basis of ensuring the forwarding opportunity of the messages, so that the diffusion of the copies is limited to a certain degree; when the forwarding node is selected, the candidate node is selected firstly, the priority of the candidate node is calculated, and the candidate node is forwarded to the candidate node with high priority preferentially. The invention divides the network, increases the forwarding chance for the message with high transmission success probability and low cost, improves the delivery rate and reduces the time delay; for the messages with low transmission success probability and high cost, a minimum copy mechanism is used to ensure a certain forwarding opportunity, and meanwhile, the forwarding opportunity is limited, and the waste of network resources is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication of Internet of vehicles, in particular to an adaptive opportunistic routing method based on position information in the Internet of vehicles.
Background
a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an important component in ITS, and generally consists of an On Board Unit (OBU) and a roadside unit (RSU), and Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication (V2V) and communication between a Vehicle and roadside fixed Infrastructure (V2I) are supported in the VANET, so that services such as intelligent driving, road condition prediction, safety warning, resource sharing and the like can be realized.
under urban environment, the VANET nodes are influenced by practical conditions such as obstacles, road topology, traffic rules, time periods and the like, so that the nodes in the VANET are unevenly distributed and have different speeds, the vehicle running speed is high, the network topology structure changes violently and is in an intermittent communication state for a long time, and the VANET nodes are difficult to establish stable and effective links. An opportunity Network (Opportunistic Network) is an ad hoc Network which does not need a complete path between a source node and a destination node and realizes communication by using meeting opportunities of mobile nodes, and the characteristics are consistent with the characteristics of a vehicle-mounted ad hoc Network.
the routing is a key for realizing reliable multi-hop transmission in a vehicle-mounted network, vehicles need to travel along fixed roads when traveling in urban roads, and information such as road topology, node positions, speed and direction can be used for assisting routing decision, so that the routing is a research hotspot. Typical geographical opportunistic routing in vehicular ad hoc networks are GPSR, GPCR, geopops, GeoDTN + Nav, and the like.
however, the currently existing opportunistic routing based on geographical location information is to spread messages to the maximum capacity of all nodes, so that all messages are transmitted to the destination node to the maximum possible extent, and the negative effect of forwarding messages to the network to the maximum possible extent is not considered. Considering the difference between the success rate of different message transmissions and the network overhead, how to limit the messages with low delivery success probability and high network overhead to a certain extent on the basis of ensuring certain fairness, and using network resources to transmit the most needed messages to improve the network performance is a problem that needs to be solved.
disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a position information self-adaptive opportunistic routing method in an internet of vehicles, and aims to solve the problems of low network delivery rate, high transmission delay and overhead and low network resource efficiency.
in order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
an opportunistic routing method based on position information self-adaptation in the Internet of vehicles comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the difference of the distance between the message carrying vehicle and the target vehicle, the target vehicle is taken as the center of a circle, RiFor the radius, the network is divided into an opportunistic forwarding region, a greedy forwarding region and a limited forwarding regionAn area;
(2) the method comprises the following steps that a message carrying vehicle executes a corresponding routing strategy according to different regions, and the routing strategy is adjusted along with the fact that the vehicle runs to different regions, and specifically comprises the following substeps:
(2.1) increasing the number of message copies in the network by the vehicle nodes in the opportunity forwarding area, and preferentially forwarding the message copies to the transfer node with the highest priority from the candidate nodes;
(2.2) the vehicle nodes in the greedy forwarding area and the limited forwarding area firstly judge the number of copies, the number of copies is insufficient, a minimum copy mechanism is executed, and the copies are preferentially forwarded to the transfer node with the highest priority from the candidate nodes to ensure the number of message copies in the network;
(2.3) maintaining the current message copy number by the vehicle nodes in the greedy forwarding area, and forwarding the message to the transfer node with the highest priority in the candidate nodes;
(2.4) limiting message forwarding opportunities by the vehicle nodes in the limited forwarding areas;
The network area is divided by taking a target vehicle as a circle center, RiDividing an area within the 2R radius into opportunity forwarding areas, dividing an area outside the 6R radius into limited forwarding areas and dividing a middle area into greedy forwarding areas, wherein the area is multiple of a communication range R of the vehicle node;
When the node is in the opportunistic forwarding area, the upper limit L of the number of the forwarded message copies is 32, when the destination node receives the message, the destination node broadcasts a confirmation message, the node receiving the confirmation message does not forward the message any more, records the confirmation message in the database, and discards the subsequently arrived message copies.
The forwarding times of the message are recorded in each message forwarding, the number of copies of the message in the network can be judged according to the forwarding times, the number of message copies is judged by vehicle nodes in a greedy forwarding area and a limited forwarding area at first, if the number of copies is insufficient, a minimum copy mechanism is executed, the message is forwarded by the nodes, at least 4 message copies in the network are ensured, and the situation that the message newly generated in the greedy forwarding area and the limited forwarding area cannot obtain enough forwarding opportunities is avoided.
Firstly, the methodMarking nodes with the distance from the target node being reduced in all the neighbor nodes as candidate nodes, and calculating the level S of the distance between each node and the target node in all the candidate nodesithe expression is:
Calculating the level W of the speed of each node in all the candidate nodes in the candidate nodesithe expression is:
the priority expression of the node is as follows:
Pi＝αSi+βWi
Wherein alpha + beta is 1, alpha is not less than 0, beta is not less than 0, Pi∈[0,1]。
In an opportunistic forwarding area and a minimum copy mechanism, when the priority of a node is calculated, setting parameters to be alpha-0.6 and beta-0.4, preferentially forwarding a message to a node with the highest priority, and then sequentially forwarding the message to nodes with the highest priority in the rest nodes;
in the greedy forwarding area, when the node priority is calculated, the parameters are set to be alpha-1 and beta-0, and the message is forwarded to the node with the highest priority in all the candidate nodes.
compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects that:
1. According to the difference of the distance between the message and the destination node and the difference of the cost of the message transmission network, the network is partitioned, the forwarding opportunity is increased for the message with high transmission success probability and low cost, the delivery rate is improved, and the time delay is reduced; for the messages with low transmission success probability and high cost, a minimum copy mechanism is used to ensure a certain forwarding opportunity, and meanwhile, the forwarding opportunity is limited, and the waste of network resources is avoided.
2. The method is simple and convenient to implement, only the distance between the target node and the target node needs to be calculated, the corresponding routing strategy is switched, and the message forwarding opportunity is increased or limited.
3. for the nodes, the distances from the target nodes carrying different messages are different, namely, the nodes increase forwarding opportunities for partial messages, limit the forwarding opportunities to some extent for the partial messages, do not increase the load of the areas where the nodes are located, and have higher utilization efficiency for network resources.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a message forwarding scenario of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an adaptive opportunistic routing method based on location information in the Internet of vehicles according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the network region partitioning of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a candidate node.
Detailed Description
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the objects, technical solutions and priorities of the present invention clearer, the above solutions are further described below with reference to a preferred embodiment; it should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a scene of forwarding a message by a vehicle in an area is constructed, the message carrying vehicles carry messages a, b, and c, are close to a target vehicle of the message a, and are in an opportunity forwarding area of the target vehicle of the message a, and at this time, opportunity forwarding is started for the message a; the method comprises the steps that a greedy forwarding area of a target vehicle of a message b is located in a greedy forwarding area of the target vehicle of the message b, whether a minimum copy mechanism needs to be executed or not is judged, and if not, greedy forwarding is started on the message b; and if the message c is not needed, the message c is started to be forwarded in a limited mode. For the area where the message carrying vehicles are located, more network resources are used for forwarding the message a with higher delivery probability, the number of copies and the network overhead of the message b forwarded in a greedy manner and the message c forwarded in a limited manner are limited to a certain extent, the network load of the area can still be kept balanced, and after the destination vehicle of a receives the message a, the destination vehicle of a can immediately reply the confirmation message of the message a.
The specific process is as follows:
All nodes in the area forward the message carried by the node to other suitable nodes, and receive messages sent by other nodes, wherein the distances between all the messages and the target node are different, and the transmission network cost is different, so that different message forwarding strategies of each node are different; selecting vehicles carrying a, b and c from the vehicle shown in FIG. 1 as research objects, and explaining a routing method; when other nodes forward the message, the same flow is executed, and the flow in the node is shown in fig. 2; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) According to the difference of the distance between the message carrying vehicle and the target vehicle, taking the target vehicle of the message as the center of a circle, RiFor the radius, messages are transmitted in the network in a multi-hop forwarding manner, so Riis a multiple of the vehicle node communication range R; dividing an area inside the 2R radius into opportunity forwarding areas, dividing an area outside the 6R radius into limited forwarding areas, and dividing a middle area into greedy forwarding areas; for example, as shown in fig. 3, a network divides a target vehicle into 3 regions, which are an opportunistic forwarding region, a greedy forwarding region, and a restricted forwarding region, with a multiple of an effective communication range of the vehicle as a radius, and vehicle nodes in each region need to forward a message to the target node, and then step 2 is performed;
(2) the message carrying vehicle needs to execute a corresponding routing strategy according to different areas, and the routing strategy needs to be automatically adjusted along with the driving of the vehicle to different areas; specifically, this step includes the following substeps:
(2.1) vehicle nodes in the opportunity forwarding area are at most two hops away from a target node, in order to improve the delivery rate and reduce the delivery time delay, the message is forwarded to a plurality of relay nodes and the number of message copies in the network is increased, wherein the upper limit L of the number of the forwarded message copies is 32; in the communication range of the area, firstly, marking the nodes with the decreasing distance from the target node in all the neighbor nodes as candidate nodes, calculating the priority of the candidate nodes, and preferentially forwarding the candidate nodes to the transfer node with the highest priority; the selection of candidate nodes is specifically illustrated in figure 4,
the initial position of the node O is (x)i,yi) The initial position of the node P is (x)j,yj) The moving speed of two nodes is divided into (v)ix,viy)、(vjx,vjy) When two nodes are approaching and node O is considered to be stationary, the relative movement direction of P isThe vehicle runs on the road, the moving direction and speed are kept within a certain range within a certain time, and according to the position and moving direction of the current node, the following can be calculated:
when node P moves to point A in a unit of time, because the node is approaching, then there is
order to
a＝vjx-vix,b＝xj-xi
c＝vjy-viy,d＝yj-yi
wherein
Then the formula (1) can be converted into
namely:
the method is simplified and can be obtained: a is2+c2+2ab+2cd≤0 (4)
All candidate nodes are selected according to the formula (4), and the level S of the distance between each node and the destination node in all the candidate nodes is calculatedithe expression is:
Calculating the level W of the speed of each node in all the candidate nodes in the candidate nodesithe expression is:
the priority expression of the node is as follows:
Pi＝αSi+βWi (7)
Wherein alpha + beta is 1, alpha is not less than 0, beta is not less than 0, Pi∈[0,1]。
in an airport forwarding area, when the priority of nodes is calculated, the parameters are set to be alpha 0.6 and beta 0.4, messages are preferentially forwarded to the nodes with the highest priority, and then the messages are sequentially forwarded to the nodes with the highest priority in the rest nodes;
(2.2) the vehicle nodes in the greedy forwarding area and the limited forwarding area firstly judge the number of copies, because the forwarding times of the message are recorded in each message forwarding, the number of copies of the message in the network can be judged according to the forwarding times, and if the number of copies is insufficient, a minimum copy mechanism is executed; the minimal copy mechanism selects a candidate node according to the formula (4), and calculates the priority of the node according to the formulas (5), (6) and (7), wherein the parameters are set to be 0.6 and 0.4; in order to ensure that at least 4 message copies exist in the network and avoid that newly generated messages in a greedy forwarding area and a limited forwarding area cannot obtain enough forwarding opportunities, a minimum copy mechanism may forward one or more relay nodes;
(2.3) vehicle nodes in a greedy forwarding area, because the vehicle driving track is unknown and a certain distance is kept, the message delivery effect of spreading too many message copies is still limited, and the area resources are consumed, so that the current message copy number is maintained, and a greedy forwarding strategy is improved; firstly, candidate nodes are selected according to the formula (4), the priorities of the nodes are calculated according to the formulas (5) and (7), parameters are set to be alpha-1 and beta-0, the message is forwarded to a transfer node with the highest priority in the candidate nodes, the message can be quickly forwarded to an opportunity forwarding area, and resource consumption caused by massive forwarding of the message is reduced;
and (2.4) the vehicle nodes in the limited forwarding area transmit the message to the target vehicle, because the vehicle running track is uncertain and the distance between the vehicle nodes and the target vehicle is far, more resources are consumed for forwarding the message to the target vehicle, the delivery probability is small, a minimum copy mechanism is executed to ensure the copy number of the message in the network, the vehicle carrying the same message is possibly in the opportunity forwarding area or the limited forwarding area, and the message is delivered with a larger opportunity, so that the message forwarding opportunity is limited in the limited forwarding area.
Claims (6)
1. a position information self-adaptive opportunistic routing method in the Internet of vehicles is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the difference of the distance between the message carrying vehicle and the target vehicle, the target vehicle is taken as the center of a circle, RiDividing the network into an opportunity forwarding area, a greedy forwarding area and a limited forwarding area for the radius; particularly using the target vehicle as the center of a circle, RiDividing an area within the 2R radius into opportunity forwarding areas, dividing an area outside the 6R radius into limited forwarding areas and dividing a middle area into greedy forwarding areas, wherein the area is multiple of a communication range R of the vehicle node;
(2) The method comprises the following steps that a message carrying vehicle executes a corresponding routing strategy according to different regions, and the routing strategy is adjusted along with the fact that the vehicle runs to different regions, and specifically comprises the following substeps:
(2.1) increasing the number of message copies in the network by the vehicle nodes in the opportunity forwarding area, and preferentially forwarding the message copies to the transfer node with the highest priority from the candidate nodes;
(2.2) the vehicle nodes in the greedy forwarding area and the limited forwarding area firstly judge the number of copies, the number of copies is insufficient, a minimum copy mechanism is executed, and the copies are preferentially forwarded to the transfer node with the highest priority from the candidate nodes to ensure the number of message copies in the network;
(2.3) maintaining the current message copy number by the vehicle nodes in the greedy forwarding area, and forwarding the message to the transfer node with the highest priority in the candidate nodes;
And (2.4) limiting message forwarding opportunities by the vehicle nodes in the limited forwarding areas.
2. the opportunistic routing method based on location information adaptation in the internet of vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the node is in the opportunistic forwarding area, the upper limit L of the number of the forwarded message copies is 32, when the destination node receives the message, the destination node broadcasts a confirmation message, the node receiving the confirmation message does not forward the message any more, records the confirmation message in the database, and discards the subsequently arrived message copies.
3. The opportunistic routing method based on location information adaptation in the internet of vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: the forwarding times of the message are recorded in each message forwarding, the number of copies of the message in the network can be judged according to the forwarding times, the number of message copies is judged by vehicle nodes in a greedy forwarding area and a limited forwarding area at first, if the number of copies is insufficient, a minimum copy mechanism is executed, the message is forwarded by the nodes, at least 4 message copies in the network are ensured, and the situation that the message newly generated in the greedy forwarding area and the limited forwarding area cannot obtain enough forwarding opportunities is avoided.
4. The opportunistic routing method based on location information adaptation in the internet of vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: firstly, marking nodes with the distance from the target node to the target node becoming smaller in all the neighbor nodes as candidate nodes, and calculating the distance between each node and the target node in all the candidate nodesLevel SiThe expression is:
Calculating the level W of the speed of each node in all the candidate nodes in the candidate nodesiThe expression is:
The priority expression of the node is as follows:
Pi＝αSi+βWii
Wherein alpha + beta is 1, alpha is not less than 0, beta is not less than 0, Pi∈[0,1]。
5. The adaptive opportunistic routing method based on the location information in the internet of vehicles according to claim 4, wherein the opportunistic routing method comprises the following steps: in the opportunistic forwarding area and minimum copy mechanism, when the priority of a node is calculated, the parameters are set to be alpha-0.6 and beta-0.4, the message is preferentially forwarded to the node with the highest priority, and then the message is sequentially forwarded to the node with the highest priority in the rest nodes.
6. the adaptive opportunistic routing method based on the location information in the internet of vehicles according to claim 4, wherein the opportunistic routing method comprises the following steps: in the greedy forwarding area, when the node priority is calculated, the parameters are set to be alpha-1 and beta-0, and the message is forwarded to the node with the highest priority in all the candidate nodes.
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| CN107071817A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-18 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of mobile sensor network chance retransmission method towards fire rescue scene |
| CN107171957B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2020-05-08 | 南京大学 | Self-adaptive DTN routing algorithm based on resource limited condition |
| CN107277885A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-20 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of vehicle self-organizing network method for routing |
| CN109067655B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-08-06 | 长安大学 | A kind of car networking mixed logic dynamic retransmission method based on name data network |
| CN110248392B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-09-01 | 长安大学 | Opportunity forwarding method based on node efficiency in Internet of vehicles |
| DE102020131210A1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-25 | Meshmerize GmbH | Network nodes, wireless network and method of controlling them |
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