CN106205303B - Teaching device for structural mechanics experiment and using method thereof - Google Patents
Teaching device for structural mechanics experiment and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106205303B CN106205303B CN201610864479.2A CN201610864479A CN106205303B CN 106205303 B CN106205303 B CN 106205303B CN 201610864479 A CN201610864479 A CN 201610864479A CN 106205303 B CN106205303 B CN 106205303B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a teaching device for a structural mechanics experiment, which comprises a door-shaped rigid frame and a base, wherein the door-shaped rigid frame comprises a side plate A, a top beam B and a side plate C, and a strain gauge B is adhered to the top beam B; the invention has the advantages of simple structure and use method, and can be used for structural mechanics course teaching experiments. Through the structural mechanics experimental device and the experimental method thereof provided by the patent, students who learn structural mechanics can be helped to deepen understanding of different mechanical characteristics of the statically determinate structure and the statically indeterminate structure under the action of non-load factors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of teaching aids, in particular to an experimental device for structural mechanics experiment teaching.
Background
At present, the experimental devices commonly used for teaching related to structural mechanics experiments are common, and the experimental devices related to a rigid frame or a truss are common, but most of the experimental devices are used for measuring the internal force and the displacement of a structure under the action of load, and have no corresponding functions of measuring the internal force and the displacement of the structure under the action of non-load factors, so that the teaching requirements of the structural mechanics experiments can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of realizing an experimental teaching device for measuring the internal force and displacement of a structure under the action of non-load factors. The experimental device can realize the quick switching between the statically determinate structure and the statically indeterminate structure and show that the statically indeterminate structure and the statically indeterminate structure show different mechanical properties under the action of non-load factors.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the teaching device for the structural mechanics experiment comprises a door-shaped rigid frame and a base, wherein the door-shaped rigid frame comprises a side plate A, a top beam B and a side plate C, and a strain gauge B is adhered to the top beam B;
the C side plate comprises an upper plug-in fixedly connected with the B top beam and a lower plug-in sleeve which is matched and sleeved with the upper plug-in, a rotating shaft is fixed on the base, chain rods are fixedly connected to two sides of the bottom end of the lower plug-in sleeve, the chain rods are fixed on the rotating shaft, a baffle is arranged on the base beside each chain rod, matched pin holes are formed in the baffle and the chain rods, when second pins are inserted into the pin holes of the baffle and the chain rods, the rotating shaft is locked, a first hand wheel is arranged at the top end of the upper plug-in, a top rod which is driven by the first hand wheel and has a thread section penetrates through the upper plug-in and is supported on the lower plug-in sleeve, and a C strain gauge is adhered on the C side plate;
the movable platform is placed in the sliding groove of the base, the side plate A is placed above the movable platform, bearing seats are arranged on the movable platforms on two sides of the side plate A, support shafts extending from two sides of the bottom end of the side plate A are fixed in the shaft seats respectively, the axis direction of each support shaft is the same as the relative sliding direction of the movable platform and the base, a pin hole is formed in one support shaft and is locked in the pin hole of the movable platform through an inserted first pin, the other support shaft is connected with a transmission shaft through a coupler, the transmission shaft is driven to rotate by a worm gear assembly fixed on the movable platform, the worm gear assembly is driven by a third hand wheel, a lock hole is formed in the sliding groove of the base, a lock rod for locking the movable platform through extrusion is arranged in the lock hole, a thread section is formed in the lock rod and is driven to stretch by a second hand wheel, and a hand wheel support is fixed on the base, a gear driven to rotate by a fourth hand wheel is arranged on the hand wheel support and meshed with a rack on the side plate A, the rack is parallel to the axial direction of the support shaft, and an A strain gauge is adhered on the side plate A; and the A strain gauge, the B strain gauge and the C strain gauge output signals to the strain gauge.
The height of A curb plate and C curb plate is d, the A foil gage is pasted on the A curb plate apart from base d/4 high position, the C foil gage is pasted on the C curb plate apart from base d/4 high position, B back timber length is L, the B foil gage is pasted on the B back timber apart from A curb plate L/4 position.
And the C strain gauge is stuck on the lower plug bush of the C side plate.
1/2.
The application method of the teaching device for the structural mechanics experiment comprises the following steps of:
the first pin and the second pin are pulled out, the three strain gauges are connected in a three-group double-arm half-bridge connection mode, and the resistance strain gauge is set to be 0;
1) rotating a third hand wheel, transmitting the rotating force to a support shaft of the rigid frame through a worm gear and a worm, and acquiring the numerical values of the three strain gauges;
2) loosening the third hand wheel and the fourth hand wheel, and moving the movable platform to obtain the numerical values of the three strain gauges;
3) and rotating the first hand wheel to enable the components of the side plate C of the rigid frame to generate relative displacement, and acquiring the numerical values of the three strain gauges.
Also includes the statically indeterminate structure experiment:
inserting a first pin and a second pin, and changing a rigid frame in the experimental device into a statically indeterminate rigid frame;
1) rotating a first hand wheel to enable components of a side plate C of the rigid frame to generate relative displacement, and acquiring numerical values of three strain gauges;
2) rotating a first hand wheel to eliminate relative displacement between side plate members of a rigid frame C and set a strain gauge to be 0, rotating a fourth hand wheel of a hand, and moving a movable platform to obtain the numerical values of three strain gauges;
3) rotating a first hand wheel to eliminate relative displacement between side plate components of the rigid frame C, pulling out a first pin, rotating a fourth hand wheel to adjust the displacement of the moving platform to slide into the tail end of the stroke of the sliding groove of the base, then rotating a second hand wheel, locking the moving platform and setting the strain gauge to be 0; rotating a third hand wheel, and rotating a support shaft of the rigid frame through rotation of a worm and a worm wheel to obtain the numerical values of the three strain gauges;
4) the first hand wheel is rotated, the generation of relative displacement between C side plate components of the rigid frame is eliminated, the first pin is pulled out, the second pin is inserted, the fourth hand wheel is rotated to adjust the displacement of the moving platform to the tail end of the stroke of a sliding groove of the base, the strain gauge is arranged at 0, the fourth hand wheel is rotated, after the movable moving platform generates linear displacement delta, the moving platform is locked through the second hand wheel, the third hand wheel is rotated, the guide column of the rigid frame is rotated through the rotation of a worm and a worm wheel, the side plate angular displacement theta is generated, and the numerical values of three strain gauges are obtained.
The invention has the advantages of simple structure and use method, and can be used for structural mechanics course teaching experiments. Through the structural mechanics experimental device and the experimental method thereof provided by the patent, students who learn structural mechanics can be helped to deepen understanding of different mechanical characteristics of the statically determinate structure and the statically indeterminate structure under the action of non-load factors.
Drawings
The following is a brief description of the contents of each figure and the symbols in the figures in the description of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a teaching device for structural mechanics experiments;
FIGS. 2-4 are schematic views of a part of the experimental apparatus for teaching in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the rigid frame stress and the patch position;
the labels in the above figures are: 1. a rigid frame; 2. a strain gauge; 3. a first hand wheel; 4. a chain bar; 5. a baffle plate; 6. a base; 7. a worm gear assembly; 8. a second hand wheel; 9. a third hand wheel; 10. a mobile platform; 11. a hand wheel bracket; 12. a fourth hand wheel; 13. a bearing seat; 14. a first pin; 15. a second pin; 16. a coupling is provided.
Detailed Description
The patent provides a structural mechanics experimental apparatus, through measuring the internal force of statically determinate rigid frame 1 structure and statically indeterminate rigid frame 1 structure under the effect of non-load factor (like the curb plate removes, the material shrink, the temperature change, manufacturing error etc.), verify the mechanical behavior of the difference that statically determinate structure and statically indeterminate structure showed under the non-load factor effect, the internal force of statically determinate structure can not change under the non-load factor effect promptly, but the internal force of statically indeterminate structure can change under the non-load factor effect. This patent realizes the conversion between quiet decide and the hyperstatic structure through pinning or demolising the pin of being connected the hinge between rigid frame 1 and base 6. The experimental device that this patent provided can be used for structural mechanics course teaching experiment. Through the structural mechanics experimental device and the experimental method thereof provided by the patent, students who learn structural mechanics can be helped to deepen understanding of different characteristics of the statically determinate structure and the statically indeterminate structure under the action of non-load factors.
A teaching device for structural mechanics experiment, including rigid frame 1, foil gage 2, first hand wheel 3, chain pole 4, baffle 5, base 6, worm gear subassembly 7, second hand wheel 8, third hand wheel 9, moving platform 10, hand wheel support 11, fourth hand wheel 12, bearing frame 13, first pin 14, second pin 15, shaft coupling 16.
The rigid frame 1 is door-shaped and is formed by fixedly connecting a side plate A, a top beam B and a side plate C.
The C curb plate includes the last plug-in components with B back timber rigid coupling, and the lower plug bush that cup joints each other with last plug-in components cooperation, both constitute the grafting relation, and can relative motion, fixed rotating shaft on the base 6, the pivot level is fixed by the bearing, can rotate on base 6, the bottom both sides of plug bush are fixed with chain pole 4 down, two chain poles 4 are all fixed in the pivot, then the plug bush can rotate along with the pivot down, be equipped with baffle 5 on the other base 6 of chain pole, it corresponds two chain poles 4 respectively to preferentially set up two baffle 5, be equipped with the matched with pinhole on baffle 5 and the chain pole 4, when inserting second pin 15 in the pinhole of baffle 5 and chain pole 4, the pivot is locked.
The top end of the upper plug-in component is provided with a first hand wheel 3, a mandril which is driven by the first hand wheel 3 and has a threaded section penetrates through the upper plug-in component and is supported on the lower plug-in component, and therefore the upper plug-in component and the lower plug-in component can slide relatively by rotating the first hand wheel 3.
Moving platform 10 has been placed in the spout of base 6, the A curb plate is placed in moving platform 10 top, only contact is disconnected, be equipped with bearing frame 13 on the moving platform 10 of A curb plate both sides, the back shaft that extends respectively in the both sides of A curb plate bottom is fixed respectively on bearing frame 13, the axis direction of back shaft is the same with moving platform 10 and base 6 relative slip's direction, be equipped with the pinhole on one of it back shaft and lead to the pinhole of inserted first pin 14 locking at moving platform 10, another back shaft passes through shaft coupling 16 and connects the transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is rotatory by fixing the worm gear subassembly 7 drive on moving platform 10, worm gear subassembly 7 is driven by third hand wheel 9, rotatory third hand wheel 9 like this, the transmission shaft then can transmit revolving force to the back shaft.
The sliding groove of the base 6 is provided with a locking hole, a locking rod for locking the movable platform 10 by extrusion is arranged in the locking hole, the locking rod is provided with a thread section and driven to stretch by the second hand wheel 8, and the locking and sliding relation between the base 6 and the movable platform 10 can be controlled by rotating the second hand wheel 8.
A hand wheel support 11 is fixed on the base 6, a gear driven to rotate by a fourth hand wheel 12 is arranged on the hand wheel support 11, the gear is meshed with a rack on the side plate A, the rack is parallel to the axial direction of the supporting shaft, and the fourth hand wheel 12 is rotated to control the movable platform 10 to slide up and down in a sliding groove of the base 6.
As shown in fig. 5, the rigid frame 1 deforms under the action of a non-load factor, and the rigid frame 1 may move and rotate by the side plates, where the vertical movement is c and the rotation angle around the side plates is θ.
Paste A foil gage 2 on the A curb plate, paste C foil gage 2 on the C curb plate, paste B foil gage 2 on the B back timber, the height of A curb plate and C curb plate is d, A foil gage 2 pastes on the A curb plate apart from 6d/4 high position of base, C foil gage 2 pastes on the C curb plate apart from 6d/4 high position of base, B back timber length is L, B foil gage 2 pastes on the B back timber apart from A curb plate L/4 position. The C strain gauge 2 is adhered to the lower insertion sleeve of the C side plate. Taking the high span ratio h/L as 1/2, the a strain gauge 2, the B strain gauge 2 and the C strain gauge 2 output signals to the strain gauges.
Three resistance strain gages 2 of rigid frame 1 measure the work strain of paster department through static resistance strain gauge, according to the formula:
M＝EεW
the bending moment of the cross section of the rigid frame 1 at the patch position is obtained by the calculation method, wherein E is the elastic modulus of the material, epsilon is the working strain of a measuring point, and W is the bending section modulus of the cross section.
The working principle of the device is as follows:
the internal force of the statically indeterminate rigid frame 1 on the cross section of the component under the action of the non-load factor is theoretically equal to 0, and the statically indeterminate rigid frame 1 shown in the figure 1 needs to solve the problem of the statically indeterminate 3 times under the action of the non-load factor. When h/l is 1/2, and linear displacement and angular displacement of side plate occur simultaneously, the bending moments of cross sections at the positions of rigid frames 1A, B and C are
In the formula: EI is the bending stiffness of the beam, l is the span of the beam, Delta is the linear displacement of the side plates, and theta is the angular displacement of the side plates.
Experimental value for measuring internal force of rigid frame 1A, B, C strain epsilon of A, B, C is measured by resistance strain measurement methodA,εB,εCIf a double-arm half-bridge method is adopted, the experimental value calculation formula of the bending moment is [5 ]]：
Mi＝WzE(εi1-εi2) i＝A,B,C
In the formula: wzThe bending-resistant section coefficient of the section,
b is the width of the experimental rigid frame 1, and H is the height of the experimental rigid frame 1.
E is the modulus of elasticity, ε, of the materiali1,εi2Respectively, strain readings at the inside and outside measurement points of the cross-section.
The use method of the teaching device based on the structural mechanics experiment comprises the following steps:
statically determinate structure:
and (3) pulling out the first pin 14 and the second pin 15, wherein the rigid frame 1 in the experimental device is a static rigid frame 1, and adjusting the strain gauge to be 0.
1) The third hand wheel 9 is driven by a worm gear, and the rotation force is transmitted to the support shaft of the rigid frame 1 by the coupling 16, and the presence or absence of a change (no change) in the strain at the point A, B, C is observed. The side plate does not change the internal force of the static structure when angular movement occurs
2) The third handwheel 9 is released and the fourth handwheel 12 is rotated to move the movable platform and observe A, B, C for any change in strain (no change). The linear displacement of the side plates can not cause the change of the internal force of the statically determinate structure.
3) The first hand wheel 3 is driven by a screw to cause relative displacement between the side plate members of the rigid frame 1B, and the presence or absence of change (absence of change) in strain at point A, B, C is observed. The simulated manufacturing errors or temperature changes do not cause the forces within the statically determinate structure to change.
Note: the above 3 cases may be performed independently or simultaneously, and a change in the structural displacement may be observed.
Statically indeterminate structure:
and simultaneously inserting a first pin 14 and a second pin 15, changing a rigid frame 1 in the experimental device into a statically indeterminate rigid frame 1, and adjusting the strain gauge to be 0.
1) The first hand wheel 3 is driven by a screw to cause a relative displacement Δ between the side plate members of the rigid frame 1B, and the presence or absence of a change (variation) in strain at point A, B, C is observed. Simulation of manufacturing errors or temperature changes can cause changes in the forces within the statically determinate structure. The strain at point A, B, C is measured, the measured value is calculated according to equation (2), and compared to the theoretical value and the error is calculated.
Mi＝EWεi (i＝A,B,C) (2)
According to the theory of structural mechanics, the force method is applied to solve the 3-time hyperstatic problem shown in fig. 1, and when d is equal to L/2, the theoretical value of the bending moment at the A, B, C point corresponding to the section of the rigid frame 1 is as follows:
wherein W is the flexural section modulus,
e-modulus of elasticity of the material.
Moment of inertia of I-section to neutral axis
2) The first hand wheel 3 eliminates the relative displacement between the side plate members of the rigid frame 1B through screw transmission and sets the strain gauge at 0, and the fourth hand wheel 12 moves the movable platform through screw transmission and observes whether the strain at the A, B, C point is changed (changed). The side plate displacement c can cause the internal force of the statically determinate structure to change. The strain at point A, B, C is measured, the measured value is calculated according to equation (2), and compared to the theoretical value and the error is calculated. Compared to theoretical values and error calculated. A. The theoretical value of the bending moment at the point B, C corresponding to the cross section of the rigid frame 1 may be c instead of Δ in the formula (3).
3) The first hand wheel 3 eliminates the relative displacement between the side plate members of the rigid frame 1B through screw transmission, the first pin 14 is pulled out, the fourth hand wheel 12 adjusts the displacement of the moving platform 10 to a point 0, the second hand wheel 8 locks the moving platform 10, and the strain gauge is set to be 0. The third hand wheel 9 rotates the support shaft of the rigid frame 1 by the rotation of the worm and worm wheel, and observes whether the strain at the point A, B, C changes (changes). It is explained that the rotational displacement theta of the mobile platform 10 causes the force in the statically determinate structure to change. The strain at point A, B, C is measured, the measured value is calculated according to equation (2), compared to the theoretical value and the error is calculated.
The theoretical value of the bending moment of the rigid frame 1 corresponding to the section at the point A, B, C is as follows:
wherein: theta-is the rotation angle of the side plate of the rigid frame 1;
4) the first hand wheel 3 eliminates the relative displacement between the right side components of the rigid frame 1 through screw transmission, the first pin 14 is pulled out, the fourth hand wheel 12 adjusts the displacement of the moving platform 10 to a point 0, and the strain gauge is set to be 0. And the fourth hand wheel 12 is used for locking the moving platform 10 through the second hand wheel 8 after the moving platform generates displacement c through screw transmission. The third hand wheel 9 rotates the support shaft of the rigid frame 1 by the rotation of the worm and worm wheel, generates the side plate rotational displacement θ, and observes whether the strain at the point A, B, C changes (changes). It is explained that the simultaneous occurrence of the side plate movement c and the side plate rotation θ causes the internal force of the statically determinate structure to change. The strain at point A, B, C is measured, the measured value is calculated according to equation (2), compared to the theoretical value and the error is calculated.
The theoretical value of the bending moment of the rigid frame 1 corresponding to the section at the point A, B, C is as follows:
wherein: theta-is the rotation angle of the side plate of the rigid frame 1, and C is the displacement of the vertical moving line generated by the side plate
The above experimental process and results can visually observe the change of the structural displacement, which shows that the mechanical characteristics of the statically determinate structure and the statically indeterminate structure under the action of non-load factors in structural mechanics are as follows:
(1) the statically determinate structure can cause the structure to generate displacement under the action of non-load factors (such as side plate movement, material shrinkage, temperature change, manufacturing error and the like), but the internal force of the structure cannot be changed.
(2) The statically indeterminate structure can not only cause the structure to generate displacement but also cause the internal force of the structure to change under the action of non-load factors.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.
Claims (6)
1. A teaching device for structural mechanics experiment, its characterized in that: the teaching device comprises a door-shaped rigid frame and a base, wherein the door-shaped rigid frame comprises a side plate A, a top beam B and a side plate C, and a strain gauge B is adhered to the top beam B;
the C side plate comprises an upper plug-in fixedly connected with the B top beam and a lower plug-in sleeve which is matched and sleeved with the upper plug-in, a rotating shaft is fixed on the base, chain rods are fixedly connected to two sides of the bottom end of the lower plug-in sleeve, the chain rods are fixed on the rotating shaft, a baffle is arranged on the base beside each chain rod, matched pin holes are formed in the baffle and the chain rods, when second pins are inserted into the pin holes of the baffle and the chain rods, the rotating shaft is locked, a first hand wheel is arranged at the top end of the upper plug-in, a top rod which is driven by the first hand wheel and has a thread section penetrates through the upper plug-in and is supported on the lower plug-in sleeve, and a C strain gauge is adhered on the C side plate;
the movable platform is placed in the sliding groove of the base, the side plate A is placed above the movable platform, bearing seats are arranged on the movable platforms on two sides of the side plate A, support shafts extending from two sides of the bottom end of the side plate A are fixed in the shaft seats respectively, the axis direction of each support shaft is the same as the relative sliding direction of the movable platform and the base, a pin hole is formed in one support shaft, the support shaft is locked in the pin hole of the movable platform through a first pin inserted into the pin hole, the other support shaft is connected with a transmission shaft through a coupler, the transmission shaft is driven to rotate by a worm gear assembly fixed on the movable platform, the worm gear assembly is driven by a third hand wheel, a lock hole is formed in the sliding groove of the base, a lock rod for locking the movable platform through extrusion is arranged in the lock hole, a thread section is formed in the lock rod and is driven to stretch by a second hand wheel, a hand wheel support is fixed on the base, a gear driven to rotate by a fourth hand wheel is arranged on the hand wheel support, the gear is meshed with a rack on the side plate A, the rack is parallel to the axial direction of the supporting shaft, the fourth hand wheel is rotated to control the moving platform to slide in a sliding groove of the base up and down, and an A strain gauge is adhered on the side plate A; the strain gauge A, the strain gauge B and the strain gauge C output signals to a strain gauge;
when the first pin and the second pin are pulled out, the three strain gauges are connected in a three-group double-arm half-bridge connection method, and the resistance strain gauge is set to be 0, so that the static structure experiment function is realized;
when the first pin and the second pin are inserted, a rigid frame in the experimental device becomes a statically indeterminate rigid frame, and the experimental device has the statically indeterminate structure experimental function.
2. Teaching device for structural mechanics experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of A curb plate and C curb plate is d, the A foil gage is pasted on the A curb plate apart from base d/4 high position, the C foil gage is pasted on the C curb plate apart from base d/4 high position, B back timber length is L, the B foil gage is pasted on the B back timber apart from A curb plate L/4 position.
3. Teaching device for structural mechanics experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the C strain gauge is stuck on the lower plug bush of the C side plate.
4. Teaching device for structural mechanics experiments according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the d/L = 1/2.
5. The use method of the teaching device for structural mechanics experiments according to claim 4, comprising the statically determinate structural experiment:
the first pin and the second pin are pulled out, the three strain gauges are connected in a three-group double-arm half-bridge connection mode, and the resistance strain gauge is set to be 0;
1) rotating a third hand wheel, transmitting the rotating force to a support shaft of the rigid frame through a worm gear and a worm, and acquiring the numerical values of the three strain gauges;
3) and rotating the first hand wheel to enable the components of the side plate C of the rigid frame to generate relative displacement, and acquiring the numerical values of the three strain gauges.
6. The use of claim 5, further comprising a statically indeterminate structure test:
inserting a first pin and a second pin, and changing a rigid frame in the experimental device into a statically indeterminate rigid frame;
1) rotating a first hand wheel to enable components of a side plate C of the rigid frame to generate relative displacement, and acquiring numerical values of three strain gauges;
2) rotating a first hand wheel to eliminate relative displacement between side plate members of a rigid frame C and set a strain gauge to be 0, rotating a fourth hand wheel of a hand, and moving a movable platform to obtain the numerical values of three strain gauges;
3) rotating a first hand wheel to eliminate relative displacement between side plate components of the rigid frame C, pulling out a first pin, rotating a fourth hand wheel to adjust the displacement of the moving platform to slide into the tail end of the stroke of the sliding groove of the base, then rotating a second hand wheel, locking the moving platform and setting the strain gauge to be 0; rotating a third hand wheel, and rotating a support shaft of the rigid frame through rotation of a worm and a worm wheel to obtain the numerical values of the three strain gauges;
4) rotating a first hand wheel to eliminate relative displacement between side plate members of the rigid frame C, pulling out the first pin, inserting a second pin, rotating a fourth hand wheel to adjust the displacement of the movable platform to slide into the tail end of the sliding groove stroke of the base, setting the strain gauge to be 0, rotating the fourth hand wheel to move the movable platform to generate linear displacement
Then, the second locking moving platform is rotated, the third hand wheel is rotated, the guide column of the rigid frame is rotated through the rotation of the worm and the worm wheel, and the angular displacement of the side plate is generated
And acquiring the values of the three strain gauges.
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