CN106203736B - method for making wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of large energy base - Google Patents
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Abstract
the invention discloses a method for making a wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of a large energy base, which comprises the following steps of: (1) determining a direct-current power operating point and an operating interval when frequency adjustment is carried out on island day ahead, rolling and real-time multi-time scale according to the reactive power adjustment characteristic of direct-current power transmission; (2) providing a calculation method for the additional operation cost of the DC reactive power regulation considering the AC filter of the DC system and the conversion ratio adjustment of the converter transformer, and determining different additional costs of the DC reactive power regulation according to the regulation of power of different base points of the DC; (3) on the premise of properly equivalently simplifying a power grid at a transmitting end and a receiving end, various constraints of the operation of an alternating current-direct current system are fully considered on the basis of a short-term prediction result of the total wind power output of an island system and a total load prediction result of the power grid at the receiving end, so that the most economical operation of an interconnected power grid is realized, a day-ahead power transmission plan optimization model of a direct current connecting line is established as a target, and further, reasonable direct current base point power at each time period throughout the day is determined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of operation and scheduling of an electric power system, in particular to a method for making a wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of a large-scale energy base.
Background
The large new energy base in China is mainly distributed in the northwest region where water is short, the peak regulation and frequency regulation pressure of a power grid is high, the load level in the northwest region is low, and the power is rich; and the water and electricity in the east region are abundant, the power grid regulating capacity is strong, but the load distribution is concentrated, and the energy supply is relatively insufficient. Therefore, the western large-scale centralized access new energy power needs to be continuously and remotely transmitted to the eastern region with abundant hydropower and concentrated load for cross-regional consumption, and large-scale, large-scale and high-efficiency optimized configuration of clean energy is realized. The ultra-high voltage direct current transmission system has the advantages of long transmission distance, large transmission capacity and the like, and is widely applied to aspects of large-capacity long-distance transmission, asynchronous interconnection of power grids and the like. In the thirteen-five period, the national grid company plans multi-circuit +/-800 kV and +/-1100 kV direct-current transmission projects so as to meet the requirements of transmitting western electricity from east to west.
The energy base developed at present is close to an alternating current power grid, and basic requirements of direct current delivery can be met by reasonably planning an alternating current system grid frame. The energy base which is subsequently planned and developed has the characteristic that the energy base cannot be networked with the energy base due to the fact that the energy base is far away from an alternating current power grid or the capacity of a local alternating current power grid is small, and the technical and economic bottlenecks exist when the direct current power transmission needs are met by adopting an alternating current system grid strengthening mode. Therefore, due to the reasons that an alternating current power grid network frame near a new energy base is weak or in a construction transition period, the new energy power generation ratio is too high and cannot be consumed locally, and the like, the new energy base has the technical requirements of normal wind-fire bundled direct current island operation or switching to island operation after a fault occurs.
The conventional direct-current transmission day-ahead planning of the current large-scale energy base does not consider wind power peak shaving of direct-current outgoing, and only adopts a two-section type constant power mode to operate according to load peak-valley difference change of a receiving-end power grid, so that the capability of coping with wind power output fluctuation of a transmitting-end power grid is lacked, and a large amount of switching operation of direct-current reactive power regulation equipment cannot be avoided. At present, the related research on Direct Current (DC) outgoing active power coordinated control between areas of wind-fire island DC delivery of a large new energy base and Direct Current (DC) systematic participation in island peak-load regulation and frequency modulation is not common.
Document 1 (Schwann, Xiqing, Dingtongsheng, Zhang hui Ling. "New mode for optimizing and improving new energy absorption capacity by direct current tie line operation mode. electric power system automation, 2015,39 (3): 36-42) proposes a direct current tie line power limited optimization mode, and establishes a direct current tie line operation optimization model by comprehensively considering various complex operation constraint conditions of a direct current tie line and aiming at minimizing coal consumption and air abandonment in an interconnection area on the premise of meeting a cross-area tie line power exchange plan.
Document 2 (han bin, summer leaf, summer heat, zhanghui linge, han hong wei. "model and method for generating and transmitting power of a direct current cross-regional interconnected power grid", power system automation, 2016, 40 (3): 8-13) proposes a multi-unit coordination modeling method for direct current tie line power on the basis of document 1, and power can be adjusted between respective upper and lower limits on the basis that the shortest continuous stable operation time is met by each modeling unit.
document 3 (korea red guard, scribble, zhanghui linging, dingqian, xufan.) "optimization method and analysis of day-ahead power generation plan considering cross-region direct current peak shaving". power system automation 2015,39 (16): 138 + 143) takes the maximum optimization target of energy conservation, environmental protection and new energy consumption as the maximum, and compiles a unit output plan and a direct current delivery plan of a delivery-end power grid.
however, the influence of the adjustment of the direct current transmission power on the reactive power adjusting equipment is not fully considered in the research work, a detailed division method of the direct current day-ahead operation gear is not provided, and the optimization modeling of the operation of the direct current connecting line in the interconnected power grid is rough; and the coordination control of direct current multi-time scale is not considered, and the characteristic of high adjustment precision of a direct current adjustment system is not fully exerted.
It is therefore desirable to have a method for planning a direct current transmission plan of a wind-fire island in a large energy base that overcomes or at least alleviates the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for making a direct-current power transmission plan of a wind-fire island in a large energy base to overcome the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for making a wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of a large energy base, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a direct-current power operating point and an operating interval when frequency adjustment is carried out on island day ahead, rolling and real-time multi-time scale according to the reactive power adjustment characteristic of direct-current power transmission;
(2) providing a calculation method for the additional operation cost of the DC reactive power regulation considering the AC filter of the DC system and the conversion ratio adjustment of the converter transformer, and determining different additional costs of the DC reactive power regulation according to the regulation of power of different base points of the DC;
(3) on the premise of properly equivalently simplifying a power grid at a transmitting end and a receiving end, various constraints of the operation of an alternating current-direct current system are fully considered on the basis of a short-term prediction result of the total wind power output of an island system and a total load prediction result of the power grid at the receiving end, so that the most economical operation of an interconnected power grid is realized, a day-ahead power transmission plan optimization model of a direct current connecting line is established as a target, and further, reasonable direct current base point power at each time period throughout the day is determined.
preferably, the step (1) comprises the following:
defining a determination method of direct current base point power and direct current base point power, and specifying that the direct current power of each time interval of a direct current day-ahead power transmission plan can only operate on the direct current base point power;
Secondly, defining a direct current base point interval and a determination method of the direct current base point interval, when rolling plan adjustment is carried out on direct current, reserving enough capacity for real-time adjustment to avoid reactive power adjustment equipment switching as much as possible, and allowing direct current power to be adjusted near a base point when the rolling plan is corrected, wherein the interval is defined as the base point interval;
And defining a direct current equipment-free floating regulation interval and a determination method of the direct current equipment-free floating regulation interval, wherein when the direct current participates in real-time peak-shaving frequency modulation, a direct current power change range corresponding to no reactive power regulation equipment action is defined as the equipment-free action floating regulation interval corresponding to the current base point power.
preferably, in the definition of the dc base point interval, an adjustment range of the dc power near the base point is: + 10% to-10%.
Preferably, the step (2) comprises the following steps:
Firstly, determining the action condition of the direct current reactive power regulation equipment in each time interval planned in the day ahead, and triggering different types and different numbers of reactive power regulation equipment to act by adjusting the direct current different base point power, therefore, the action condition of an alternating current filter and a converter transformer tapping switch in the time interval can be determined according to the direct current base point power which is changed in the adjacent time interval,
in the formula, L i is the number of filter actions triggered by the rise of direct current from the i-1 th gear to the i-th gear, H i is the number of converter transformer tapping switch actions triggered by the rise of direct current from the i-1 st gear to the i-th gear, X i,t is the running state of a direct current running gear i in a time period t, X i,t-1 is the running state of the direct current running gear i in the time period t-1, the value is 0 or 1, if the direct current runs in the Nth gear in the time period t and N is not less than i, X i,t is 1, otherwise, 0 is obtained;
calculating additional running cost of DC reactive power regulation
Dt＝(KlLt+KhHt)ΔPd,t (3)
ΔPd,t＝|Pd,t-Pd,t-1| (4)
in the formula, K l is a filter adjusting cost coefficient, K h is a converter transformer tap switch adjusting cost coefficient, L t is the total number of actions of the filter triggered by the adjustment of the direct-current base point power in a time period t, H t is the total number of actions of the converter transformer tap switch triggered by the adjustment time period t of the direct-current base point power, P d,t-1 is the base point power of the direct current in a time period t-1, P d,t is the base point power of the direct current in the time period t, and delta P d,t is an adjusting quantity of the direct current in the time period t.
preferably, the direct current tie line day-ahead power transmission plan optimization model in step (3) is:
a) Objective function
In the formula, F is the total operation cost of the interconnected network in all time periods of the whole day, D t is an additional cost function of reactive power equipment adjustment of direct current in a time period t, delta W t is the air curtailment rate of the time period t, K w is the air curtailment penalty factor of the time period t, K is the number of areas, F (P k,t) is a cost function of an equivalent thermal power unit of the area K, F m is expressions of various penalty items, K m is corresponding penalty factors, and M is the number of the penalty items,
In the formula, P Gk,t is the output of the equivalent thermal power generating unit in the region K in the time period t, a k, b k and c k are respectively a quadratic term, a primary term and a constant term of the cost function of the equivalent generating unit,
The formula (7) is to minimize output fluctuation of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set in adjacent time intervals, the output of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set in adjacent time intervals should be kept stable as much as possible, frequent starting and stopping are avoided, and therefore the operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is ensured, and the formula (8) is to minimize the water abandoning amount of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set and to maximally improve the utilization rate of water resources in the available water amount range distributed by a reservoir dispatching department;
b) constraint conditions
Regulating and constraining direct current
The direct current regulation related constraints include: the direct current is restricted according to the base point power operation restriction, the direct current base point power minimum duration operation restriction, the direct current all-day adjusting times restriction and the direct current transmission electric quantity restriction,
i) Direct current operating constraints based on base point power
Pd＝Pdi×X (9)
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a direct current running gear interval, wherein P di is active power corresponding to a direct current running gear interval i, the direct current running gear interval refers to the active power corresponding to the difference between two adjacent base point powers, and is a positive value, X is a state matrix of the direct current running gear at each time interval, P d is planned transmission power of a direct current connecting line at each time interval, and in the X matrix, elements 1 of each column continuously appear, namely 0 element does not exist between two adjacent 1, so that the direct current connecting line is ensured to run according to the established base point powers;
ii) DC base power minimum uptime constraint
Pd,t＝Pd,t+1＝Pd,t+2＝···＝Pd,t+n Pd,t≠Pd,t-1 (10)
Wherein P d,t is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t, P d,t-1 is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t-1, P d,t+n is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t + n, and n is the minimum continuous operation time period of the power of the DC base point;
iii) direct current total day regulation times constraint
In the formula, I t is an adjusting variable of a direct current tie line in a time period t, when the transmission power of the direct current tie line changes relative to a time t-1 at the time t, I t takes a value of 1, and Num is the upper limit of direct current all-day adjusting times;
iv) DC transport capacity constraints
The total direct current electricity output all day is within the range agreed by market trading contracts:
In the formula, E dmin is the minimum transaction electric quantity per day of the direct current line, and E dmax is the maximum transaction electric quantity per day of the direct current line.
② related constraints of AC system
i) Adjustable output constraint of regional equivalent thermal power generating unit
PGkmin≤PGk,t≤PGkmax (14)
In the formula, P Gkmax and P Gkmin are respectively the upper and lower output limits of the equivalent thermal power generating unit of the region K.
ii) region equivalent thermal power unit climbing rate constraint
In the formula, PDn K and PUp K are respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the ramp rate of the equivalent thermal power unit of the region K.
iii) hydroelectric Power Generation capability constraints
PHmin≤PHt≤PHmax (16)
in the formula, P Hmin is the minimum technical output of the hydroelectric generating set, P Hmax is the maximum technical output of the hydroelectric generating set, and P Ht is the output of the hydroelectric generating set in the time period t.
iv) Water-electric conversion relationship
PHt＝KtQHt (17)
In the formula, Q t is the water consumption of the hydropower plant in the time period t, and K t is the water-electricity conversion coefficient.
v) daily flux integral constraint
Wherein Q max and Q min are the maximum and minimum water consumption of the reservoir in the dispatching day.
vi) System Balancing constraints
PG1,t+Wt-ΔWt＝Pd,t (19)
PG2,t+PH,t+Pd,t＝Pl,t (20)
In the formula, Δ W t is the air loss amount of the sending-end equivalent fan in the time period t, and P l,t is the predicted value of the receiving-end grid load in the time period t.
vii) System Standby constraints
In the formula, R + k and t are the positive spare capacity requirements of the region k in the time period t; r-k, t is the negative spare capacity requirement for region k at time t.
preferably, the dc reactive power regulation additional operation cost quantifies a reactive power regulation device action condition caused by the regulation of the dc transmission power, and different reactive power regulation device actions are distinguished by introducing a filter regulation cost coefficient and a converter transformer tap switch regulation cost coefficient, considering that the ac filter bank is flexible to switch and convenient to maintain, while the converter transformer has a higher cost and frequent actions are not beneficial to maintenance, so the regulation cost coefficient of the converter transformer is higher than the regulation cost coefficient of the ac filter.
Preferably, the direct current tie line day-ahead power transmission plan optimization model fully considers the action characteristics of direct current reactive power regulation equipment, and introduces a direct current reactive power regulation additional cost function into an objective function; and considering that hydropower is abundant in the east region of the receiving end, the coordinated dispatching of the water and the fire of the receiving end is considered in the model, and the smooth output constraint of the thermal power generating unit of the receiving end and the minimum water abandoning constraint of the water and the fire of the receiving end are used as punishment items to be added into the objective function, so that the operation efficiency of the receiving end power grid and the wind power acceptance capacity are improved.
The invention provides a method for making a wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of a large-scale energy base, which fully considers the reactive power regulation characteristic of direct-current power transmission on the premise of meeting various safety operation constraints of an alternating-current and direct-current system, flexibly regulates direct-current outgoing power according to short-term wind-electricity predicted power and a receiving-end load peak-valley difference of the new energy base, and realizes large-scale, large-scale and high-efficiency optimal configuration of new energy power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for making a wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of a large energy base.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind-fire bundled direct-current outgoing power grid.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an active power interval diagram corresponding to the operation of the dc reactive power regulation device.
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of dc transmission power comparison before and after optimization.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a new energy base power grid wind turbine generator output comparison diagram before and after optimization.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a comparison graph of the output of an equivalent thermal power generating unit of a new energy base power grid before and after optimization.
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a comparison graph of total output of equivalent units of the receiving-end power grid before and after optimization.
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a comparison graph of output of the equivalent thermal power generating unit of the receiving-end power grid before and after optimization.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a comparison graph of output of equivalent hydroelectric generating sets of the receiving-end power grid before and after optimization.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one broad embodiment of the invention: the method for making the wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of the large energy base comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a direct-current power operating point and an operating interval when frequency adjustment is carried out on island day ahead, rolling and real-time multi-time scale according to the reactive power adjustment characteristic of direct-current power transmission;
(2) providing a calculation method for the additional operation cost of the DC reactive power regulation considering the AC filter of the DC system and the conversion ratio adjustment of the converter transformer, and determining different additional costs of the DC reactive power regulation according to the regulation of power of different base points of the DC;
(3) on the premise of properly equivalently simplifying a power grid at a transmitting end and a receiving end, various constraints of the operation of an alternating current-direct current system are fully considered on the basis of a short-term prediction result of the total wind power output of an island system and a total load prediction result of the power grid at the receiving end, so that the most economical operation of an interconnected power grid is realized, a day-ahead power transmission plan optimization model of a direct current connecting line is established as a target, and further, reasonable direct current base point power at each time period throughout the day is determined.
the method for making the wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of the large energy base has the following beneficial effects:
1. The method for determining the direct current power operating point and the operating area in the multi-time scale frequency control and adjustment process of island day ahead, rolling, real-time and the like is provided, so that a direct current system participates in island peak regulation and frequency modulation, and the characteristic of high adjustment precision of the direct current system is brought into play;
2. On the day-ahead planning scale, the exchange power of the direct-current connecting line is used as an optimizable resource, on the premise of meeting various operation constraints of an alternating-current and direct-current system, the reactive power regulation characteristic of direct-current power transmission is fully considered, a direct-current connecting line day-ahead power transmission plan optimization model considering the additional operation cost of direct-current reactive power regulation is established, and the cross-regional consumption of new energy is promoted while the frequent action of direct-current reactive power regulation equipment is avoided;
3. in consideration of the fact that water and electricity in the east are abundant, water and fire coordinated scheduling of a receiving-end power grid is considered in the model, the good regulation characteristic of water and electricity is fully utilized, frequent starting and stopping of a receiving-end power grid thermal power generating unit are avoided, and the operation efficiency of the system and the wind power receiving capacity are improved.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the method for making a direct current transmission plan of a wind-fire island of a large energy base comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining a direct-current power operating point and an operating interval when frequency adjustment is carried out on island day ahead, rolling and real-time multi-time scale according to the reactive power adjustment characteristic of direct-current power transmission;
(2) Providing a calculation method for the additional operation cost of the DC reactive power regulation considering the AC filter of the DC system and the conversion ratio adjustment of the converter transformer, and determining different additional costs of the DC reactive power regulation according to the regulation of power of different base points of the DC;
(3) on the premise of properly equivalently simplifying a power grid at a transmitting end and a receiving end, various constraints of the operation of an alternating current-direct current system are fully considered on the basis of a short-term prediction result of the total wind power output of an island system and a total load prediction result of the power grid at the receiving end, so that the most economical operation of an interconnected power grid is realized, a day-ahead power transmission plan optimization model of a direct current connecting line is established as a target, and further, reasonable direct current base point power at each time period throughout the day is determined.
The method for determining the direct-current multi-time scale power operating point and the operating area comprises the following steps:
a) Method for defining and determining DC base point power
Taking an extra-high voltage direct current in a day with a rated transmission capacity of 8000MW as an example, when the ac filter control dead zone is 215Mvar (determined by the maximum ac filter packet capacity), the corresponding active variation range is 600MW, the power range corresponding to the first gear of the rectifying side tapping switch action is about 800MW, and the power range corresponding to the first gear of the inverting side tapping switch action is about 1600 MW. As shown in fig. 3, every 600MW above the straight line represents switching of a group of ac filters, and each "+" below represents one conversion ratio adjustment, although there is a certain error in the interval division of fig. 3, the interval division can basically meet the research needs in the day-ahead and rolling plan control, as can be seen from fig. 3, the maximum adjustment interval of dc power in which the dc reactive power adjustment device does not act in the day is 600MW, and the minimum is about 200 MW.
considering the error of the short-term prediction of wind power and the strong down-regulation capability of the wind power output, when a power transmission plan before a day is made, 60% upward of the midpoint of each interval in fig. 3 is defined as a direct current power base point, and the direct current power of each time period of the power transmission plan before the day is specified to only operate on the power of the base point.
b) method for defining and determining direct current base point interval
When the rolling plan adjustment is performed on the direct current, in order to avoid switching of reactive power adjusting equipment as much as possible, reserve enough capacity for real-time adjustment, allow the direct current power to be adjusted near a base point when the rolling plan is corrected, and define the interval as the base point interval, such as: + 10% to-10%. However, it can be understood that the adjustment of the dc power near the base point in the dc base point interval definition is not limited to + 10% to-10%, and may be reasonably set according to the historical operating data of the dc link and the experience of the operator, in combination with the peak shaving requirements of the power grids at the two ends of the transmission and reception.
c) method for defining and determining direct-current equipment-free floating regulation interval
When the direct current participates in the real-time peak-shaving frequency modulation, the direct current power change range corresponding to the non-reactive power regulation equipment action is defined as a non-equipment action floating regulation interval corresponding to the current base point power, such as the interval from 7200MW to 8000MW in fig. 3, and because the direct current regulation range is close to the reactive power equipment action boundary at the moment, a certain error exists in the division method in fig. 3, therefore, the interval which can possibly trigger the reactive power regulation equipment action is calculated by considering the current conversion bus voltage of the current direct current operating point and by using the limiting conditions of reactive power exchange between a direct current system and an alternating current system, a rectification side trigger angle, an inversion side bus voltage and the like through a direct current converter equation.
In order to quantify the action condition of reactive power regulation equipment brought by the regulation of the direct current transmission power and distinguish different actions of the reactive power regulation equipment, a direct current reactive power regulation additional cost function, a filter regulation cost coefficient and a converter transformer tap switch regulation cost coefficient are introduced into a model.
a) determining the action condition of the direct current reactive power regulation equipment in each time period planned in the day ahead, and triggering different types and different numbers of reactive power regulation equipment to act by adjusting the direct current different base point power, so that the action conditions of the alternating current filter and the converter transformer tap switch in the time period can be determined according to the direct current base point power which is changed in the adjacent time period,
In the formula, L i is the number of filter actions triggered by the rise of direct current from the i-1 th gear to the i-th gear, H i is the number of converter transformer tapping switch actions triggered by the rise of direct current from the i-1 st gear to the i-th gear, X i,t is the running state of a direct current running gear i in a time period t, X i,t-1 is the running state of the direct current running gear i in the time period t-1, the value is 0 or 1, if the direct current runs in the Nth gear in the time period t and N is not less than i, X i,t is 1, otherwise, 0 is obtained;
b) Calculating the additional operating cost of DC reactive power regulation
Dt＝(KlLt+KhHt)ΔPd,t (3)
ΔPd,t＝|Pd,t-Pd,t-1| (4)
In the formula, K l is a filter adjusting cost coefficient, K h is a converter transformer tap switch adjusting cost coefficient, L t is the total number of actions of the filter triggered by the adjustment of the direct-current base point power in a time period t, H t is the total number of actions of the converter transformer tap switch triggered by the adjustment time period t of the direct-current base point power, P d,t-1 is the base point power of the direct current in a time period t-1, P d,t is the base point power of the direct current in the time period t, and delta P d,t is an adjusting quantity of the direct current in the time period t.
the optimization target of the interconnected power grid power generation and transmission plan is that the interconnected system operates most economically in all time periods of the whole day. The total operation cost of the interconnected power grid comprises the following steps: direct current flow, receiving end system running cost, wind abandoning punishment cost and direct current reactive power regulation additional running cost. In order to realize that the receiving-end power grid economically and efficiently receives the wind power transmitted by the transmitting end, the model also takes the output smooth constraint of the receiving-end thermal power generating unit and the minimum water curtailment constraint of the receiving-end hydropower as penalty terms added to the objective function.
a) Objective function
In the formula, F is the total operation cost of the interconnected network in all time periods of the whole day, D t is an additional cost function of reactive power equipment adjustment of direct current in a time period t, delta W t is the air curtailment rate of the time period t, K w is the air curtailment penalty factor of the time period t, K is the number of areas, F (P k,t) is a cost function of an equivalent thermal power unit of the area K, F m is expressions of various penalty items, K m is corresponding penalty factors, and M is the number of the penalty items,
In the formula, P Gk,t is the output of the equivalent thermal power generating unit in the region K in the time period t, a k, b k and c k are respectively a quadratic term, a primary term and a constant term of the cost function of the equivalent generating unit,
The formula (7) is to minimize output fluctuation of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set in adjacent time intervals, the output of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set in adjacent time intervals should be kept stable as much as possible, frequent starting and stopping are avoided, and therefore the operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is ensured, and the formula (8) is to minimize the water abandoning amount of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set and to maximally improve the utilization rate of water resources in the available water amount range distributed by a reservoir dispatching department;
b) Constraint conditions
regulating and constraining direct current
the direct current regulation related constraints include: the direct current is restricted according to the base point power operation restriction, the direct current base point power minimum duration operation restriction, the direct current all-day adjusting times restriction and the direct current transmission electric quantity restriction,
i) direct current operating constraints based on base point power
Pd＝Pdi×X (9)
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a direct current running gear interval, wherein P di is active power corresponding to a direct current running gear interval i, the direct current running gear interval refers to the active power corresponding to the difference between two adjacent base point powers, and is a positive value, X is a state matrix of the direct current running gear at each time interval, P d is planned transmission power of a direct current connecting line at each time interval, and in the X matrix, elements 1 of each column continuously appear, namely 0 element does not exist between two adjacent 1, so that the direct current connecting line is ensured to run according to the established base point powers;
ii) DC base power minimum uptime constraint
Pd,t＝Pd,t+1＝Pd,t+2＝···＝Pd,t+n Pd,t≠Pd,t-1 (10)
wherein P d,t is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t, P d,t-1 is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t-1, P d,t+n is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t + n, and n is the minimum continuous operation time period of the power of the DC base point;
iii) direct current total day regulation times constraint
In the formula, I t is an adjusting variable of a direct current tie line in a time period t, when the transmission power of the direct current tie line changes relative to a time t-1 at the time t, I t takes a value of 1, and Num is the upper limit of direct current all-day adjusting times;
iv) DC transport capacity constraints
The total direct current electricity output all day is within the range agreed by market trading contracts:
In the formula, E dmin is the minimum transaction electric quantity per day of the direct current line, and E dmax is the maximum transaction electric quantity per day of the direct current line.
② related constraints of AC system
i) Adjustable output constraint of regional equivalent thermal power generating unit
PGkmin≤PGk,t≤PGkmax (14)
In the formula, P Gkmax and P Gkmin are respectively the upper and lower output limits of the equivalent thermal power generating unit of the region K.
ii) region equivalent thermal power unit climbing rate constraint
In the formula, PDn K and PUp K are respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the ramp rate of the equivalent thermal power unit of the region K.
iii) hydroelectric Power Generation capability constraints
PHmin≤PHt≤PHmax (16)
In the formula, P Hmin is the minimum technical output of the hydroelectric generating set, P Hmax is the maximum technical output of the hydroelectric generating set, and P Ht is the output of the hydroelectric generating set in the time period t.
iv) Water-electric conversion relationship
PHt＝KtQHt (17)
In the formula, Q t is the water consumption of the hydropower plant in the time period t, and K t is the water-electricity conversion coefficient.
v) daily flux integral constraint
Wherein Q max and Q min are the maximum and minimum water consumption of the reservoir in the dispatching day.
vi) System Balancing constraints
PG1,t+Wt-ΔWt＝Pd,t (19)
PG2,t+PH,t+Pd,t＝Pl,t (20)
in the formula, Δ W t is the air loss amount of the sending-end equivalent fan in the time period t, and P l,t is the predicted value of the receiving-end grid load in the time period t.
vii) System Standby constraints
in the formula, R + k and t are the positive spare capacity requirements of the region k in the time period t; r-k, t is the negative spare capacity requirement for region k at time t.
Fig. 4-9 show comparison results of the power generation and transmission plans of the interconnected power grid before and after optimization. The dotted line represents the calculation result obtained by the direct current running at constant power according to the traditional two-stage method of low power transmission during the low-valley period and high power transmission during the peak period of the load, and the solid line represents the calculation result obtained by the direct current optimized according to the optimization method provided by the invention.
As can be seen from fig. 4, after optimization, the dc transmission power is raised in the valley period, so as to reduce the wind curtailment; the delivery power is reduced during peak periods to meet the requirement that the amount of power scheduled for trading by the sending end on day is within the agreed range.
As can be seen from fig. 5, before optimization, wind abandon occurs during the early morning load valley period of wind power generation; after the direct current planned transmission power is optimized, the wind abandon phenomenon does not exist in the new energy base power grid, which shows that the new energy consumption capability of the interconnected power grid is improved after the optimization,
as can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the output of the sending-end equivalent unit is flatter, the peak-valley difference is reduced, and the capability of the sending-end power grid for coping with wind power uncertainty and volatility is improved; the total output peak-valley difference of the receiving-end equivalent unit is increased, but the installed capacity of a receiving-end power grid is large, and sufficient spare capacity and large safety margin are still provided.
As can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, the adjustment of the direct current and the change of the load peak-valley difference of the receiving end are mainly borne by the receiving end equivalent hydroelectric generating set, and the receiving end thermal power generating set also bears the changes of the direct current and the load to a certain extent; the receiving end equivalent thermal power generating unit has stable output in the peak and valley time periods, avoids frequent start and stop, and improves the operating efficiency of the system.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for making a wind-fire island direct-current power transmission plan of a large energy base is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Determining a direct-current power operating point and an operating interval when frequency adjustment is carried out on island day ahead, rolling and real-time multi-time scale according to the reactive power adjustment characteristic of direct-current power transmission;
(2) providing a method for calculating the additional operation cost of reactive power equipment adjustment of an alternating current filter and a converter transformer ratio of a direct current system, and determining the additional cost of different direct current reactive power equipment adjustment according to the adjustment of power of different base points of direct current;
(3) On the premise of properly equivalently simplifying a transmitting-receiving end power grid, fully considering various constraints of the operation of an alternating current-direct current system based on a short-term prediction result of the total wind power output of an island system and a total load prediction result of the receiving end power grid to realize the most economical operation of an interconnected power grid, establishing a day-ahead power transmission plan optimization model of a direct current connecting line, and further determining reasonable direct current base point power of each time period in a whole day;
The step (1) comprises the following steps:
Defining a determination method of direct current base point power and direct current base point power, and specifying that the direct current power of each time interval of a direct current day-ahead power transmission plan can only operate on the direct current base point power;
Secondly, defining a direct current base point interval and a determination method of the direct current base point interval, wherein when the direct current is subjected to rolling plan adjustment, enough capacity is reserved for real-time adjustment to avoid reactive equipment switching as much as possible, and the direct current power is allowed to be adjusted near a base point when the rolling plan is corrected, wherein the interval is defined as the base point interval;
And defining a direct current equipment-free floating regulation interval and a determination method of the direct current equipment-free floating regulation interval, wherein when the direct current participates in real-time peak-shaving frequency modulation, a direct current power change range corresponding to no reactive equipment action is defined as the equipment-free action floating regulation interval corresponding to the current base point power.
2. The method for making a direct current transmission plan of a wind-fire island in a large energy base according to claim 1, wherein: in the definition of the dc base point interval, the adjustment range of the dc power near the base point is: + 10% to-10%.
3. A method for making a large energy base wind-fire island direct current transmission plan according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the action condition of the direct current reactive equipment planned in each time period in the day ahead, and triggering different types and different numbers of reactive equipment to act by adjusting the power of different base points of direct current, so that the action conditions of an alternating current filter and a converter transformer tap switch in the time period can be determined according to the power of the direct current base points which change in adjacent time periods,
in the formula, L i is the number of filter actions triggered by the rise of direct current from the i-1 th gear to the i-th gear, H i is the number of converter transformer tapping switch actions triggered by the rise of direct current from the i-1 st gear to the i-th gear, X i,t is the running state of a direct current running gear i in a time period t, X i,t-1 is the running state of the direct current running gear i in the time period t-1, the value is 0 or 1, if the direct current runs in the Nth gear in the time period t and N is not less than i, X i,t is 1, otherwise, 0 is obtained;
calculating additional operation cost of DC reactive power equipment regulation
Dt＝(KlLt+KhHt)ΔPd,t (3)
ΔPd,t＝|Pd,t-Pd,t-1| (4)
In the formula, K l is a filter adjusting cost coefficient, K h is a converter transformer tap switch adjusting cost coefficient, L t is the total number of actions of the filter triggered by the adjustment of the direct-current base point power in a time period t, H t is the total number of actions of the converter transformer tap switch triggered by the adjustment time period t of the direct-current base point power, P d,t-1 is the base point power of the direct current in a time period t-1, P d,t is the base point power of the direct current in the time period t, and delta P d,t is an adjusting quantity of the direct current in the time period t.
4. The method for making a direct current transmission plan of a wind-fire island in a large energy base according to claim 1, wherein the direct current tie line day-ahead transmission plan optimization model in the step (3) is as follows:
a) objective function
in the formula, F is the total operation cost of the interconnected network in all time periods of the whole day, D t is an additional cost function of reactive power equipment adjustment of direct current in a time period t, delta W t is the air curtailment rate of the time period t, K w is the air curtailment penalty factor of the time period t, K is the number of areas, F (P k,t) is a cost function of an equivalent thermal power unit of the area K, F m is expressions of various penalty items, K m is corresponding penalty factors, and M is the number of the penalty items,
In the formula, P Gk,t is the output of the equivalent thermal power generating unit in the region K in the time period t, a k, b k and c k are respectively a quadratic term, a primary term and a constant term of the cost function of the equivalent generating unit,
the formula (7) is to minimize output fluctuation of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set in adjacent time intervals, the output of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set in adjacent time intervals should be kept stable as much as possible, frequent starting and stopping are avoided, and therefore the operating efficiency of the hydroelectric generating set is ensured, and the formula (8) is to minimize the water abandoning amount of the receiving-end equivalent hydroelectric generating set and to maximally improve the utilization rate of water resources in the available water amount range distributed by a reservoir dispatching department;
b) Constraint conditions
direct current regulation constraint
the direct current regulation related constraints include: the direct current is restricted according to the base point power operation restriction, the direct current base point power minimum duration operation restriction, the direct current all-day adjusting times restriction and the direct current transmission electric quantity restriction,
i) direct current operating constraints based on base point power
Pd＝Pdi×X (9)
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a direct current running gear interval, wherein P di is active power corresponding to a direct current running gear interval i, the direct current running gear interval refers to the active power corresponding to the difference between two adjacent base point powers, and is a positive value, X is a state matrix of the direct current running gear at each time interval, P d is planned transmission power of a direct current connecting line at each time interval, and in the X matrix, elements 1 of each column continuously appear, namely 0 element does not exist between two adjacent 1, so that the direct current connecting line is ensured to run according to the established base point powers;
ii) DC base power minimum uptime constraint
Pd,t＝Pd,t+1＝Pd,t+2＝···＝Pd,t+nPd,t≠Pd,t-1 (10)
Wherein P d,t is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t, P d,t-1 is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t-1, P d,t+n is the transmission power of the DC link in a time period t + n, and n is the minimum continuous operation time period of the power of the DC base point;
iii) direct current total day regulation times constraint
in the formula, I t is an adjusting variable of a direct current tie line in a time period t, when the transmission power of the direct current tie line changes relative to a time t-1 at the time t, I t takes a value of 1, and Num is the upper limit of direct current all-day adjusting times;
iv) DC transport capacity constraints
the total direct current electricity output all day is within the range agreed by market trading contracts:
In the formula, E dmin is the minimum transaction electric quantity of the direct current circuit day, E dmax is the maximum transaction electric quantity of the direct current circuit day;
Relevant constraint of communication system
i) Adjustable output constraint of regional equivalent thermal power generating unit
PGkmin≤PGk,t≤PGkmax (14)
In the formula, P Gkmax and P Gkmin are respectively the upper and lower limits of the output of the equivalent thermal power generating unit of the region K;
ii) region equivalent thermal power unit climbing rate constraint
In the formula, PDn K and PUp K are respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the climbing rate of the equivalent thermal power unit of the region K;
iii) hydroelectric Power Generation capability constraints
PHmin≤PHt≤PHmax (16)
In the formula, P Hmin is the minimum technical output of the hydroelectric generating set, P Hmax is the maximum technical output of the hydroelectric generating set, and P Ht is the output of the hydroelectric generating set in a time period t;
iv) Water-electric conversion relationship
PHt＝KtQHt (17)
in the formula, Q t is the water consumption of the hydropower plant in a time period t, and K t is the water-electricity conversion coefficient;
v) daily flux integral constraint
in the formula, Q max and Q min are the maximum and minimum distributed water consumption of the reservoir on the dispatching day;
vi) System Balancing constraints
PG1,t+Wt-ΔWt＝Pd,t (19)
PG2,t+PH,t+Pd,t＝Pl,t (20)
In the formula, delta W t is the air loss amount of the sending-end equivalent fan in a time period t, and P l,t is the predicted value of the receiving-end power grid load in the time period t;
vii) System Standby constraints
in the formula, R + k and t are the positive spare capacity requirements of the region k in the time period t; r-k, t is the negative spare capacity requirement for region k at time t.
5. The method for making a wind-fire island direct current transmission plan of a large energy base according to claim 3, wherein the direct current reactive equipment adjustment additional operation cost quantifies reactive equipment action conditions caused by direct current adjustment, and different reactive equipment actions are distinguished by introducing a filter adjustment cost coefficient and a converter transformer tap switch adjustment cost coefficient, considering that an alternating current filter bank is flexible to switch and convenient to maintain, and a converter transformer is high in cost and frequent in action is not beneficial to maintain, so that the adjustment cost coefficient of the converter transformer is higher than the adjustment cost coefficient of the alternating current filter.
6. The method for making a wind-fire island direct current transmission plan in a large energy base according to claim 4, wherein the direct current tie line day-ahead transmission plan optimization model fully considers the action characteristics of the direct current reactive power equipment, and introduces a direct current reactive power equipment adjustment additional cost function into an objective function; and considering that hydropower is abundant in the east region of the receiving end, the coordinated dispatching of the water and the fire of the receiving end is considered in the model, and the smooth output constraint of the thermal power generating unit of the receiving end and the minimum water abandoning constraint of the water and the fire of the receiving end are used as punishment items to be added into the objective function, so that the operation efficiency of the receiving end power grid and the wind power acceptance capacity are improved.
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