CN106187182A - Pzt基压电陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,可有效解决PZT陶瓷的压电常数低、温度稳定性差和使用寿命短的问题,方法是,将PZT粉末和MnO2粉末混合在一起,加水,球磨,成浆料,烘干,加入粘合剂,成坯料,压制成型,排塑,烧结,得到压电陶瓷,打磨,涂上银浆,在两个表面形成银电极,然后放在硅油中,电场极化5‑60min,即成PZT基压电陶瓷。本发明原料丰富,组方科学,制备方法简单,产品性能优异,提高了压电参数,使用寿命长,是压电陶瓷材料上的一大创新。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及机电设备材料,特别是一种PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
压电陶瓷能够实现机械能与电能之间的相互转换,利用压电陶瓷制成的机电设备如传感器、换能器等已经被广泛应用在了军事、国防、医疗以及人类生产生活的各个领域。PZT基压电陶瓷自从发现以来由于其优异的电学性能是应用最广泛一类陶瓷材料。目前,在功率型超声换能器中使用的主要是硬性掺杂的PZT基陶瓷,这类陶瓷压电应变常数d33偏低仅有230-330pC/N,严重影响了电能与机械能之间的转换效率,另外该类材料的温度稳定性差,导致换能器不适合在高温环境下使用并且使用寿命短,无法满足功率超声对器件的要求,最终影响了功率超声领域的发展。因此,为了解决压电陶瓷性能低、温度稳定性差、使用寿命短等问题,需要开发一种高压电性能高温度稳定性的PZT基压电陶瓷,使其能能够满足目前功率超声领域的要求,从而推动功率超声的发展。
发明内容
针对上述情况,为克服现有技术之缺陷,本发明之目的就是提供一种PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,可有效解决PZT陶瓷的压电常数低、温度稳定性差和使用寿命短的问题。
本发明解决的技术方案是,由以下步骤实现:
(1)将PZT粉末和MnO2粉末混合在一起,成混合粉末,MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为(0.001~0.70)︰1;
(2)将混合粉末加水成浆料,球磨1-72h,使粉体混合均匀、颗粒大小一致的浆料;
(3)将浆料烘干,加入干料重量1-10%的粘合剂,成坯料;
(4)压制成型,在压力为200-330MPa对坯料进行陶瓷坯成型;
(5)将步骤(4)制成的陶瓷坯放入马弗炉中排塑,排塑温度500-800℃,排塑时间1-5h,成塑坯;
(6)将塑坯放入马弗炉中烧结,烧结温度为1200-1300℃,烧结时间1-5h,得到压电陶瓷(又称PZT:xMnO2压电陶瓷,x为MnO2与PZT的质量含量比,在本发明中x为0.001~0.70,即0.001~0.70︰1);
(7)将步骤(6)得到的陶瓷的上下表面进行打磨后,再涂上银浆,在550-750℃煅烧10-60min,在两个表面形成银电极;
(8)将有银电极的压电陶瓷放在硅油中,用3-5kV/mm的电场极化5-60min,即成PZT基压电陶瓷。
本发明原料丰富,组方科学,制备方法简单,产品性能优异,提高了压电参数,使用寿命长,是压电陶瓷材料上的一大创新。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
本发明在具体实施中可由以下实施例给出。
实施例1
本发明在具体实施中,可由以下步骤实现:
(1)将PZT粉末和MnO2粉末混合在一起,成混合粉末,MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.05︰1;
(2)将混合粉末加水成浆料,装入行星式球磨机中,球磨12h,使粉体混合均匀、颗粒大小一致的浆料;
(3)将浆料烘干,加入干料重量3-10%的粘合剂,放置24h,成坯料;
(4)压制成型,在压力为250MPa对坯料进行陶瓷坯成型,坯料直径25mm;
(5)将步骤(4)制成的陶瓷坯放入刚玉坩锅,然后放入马弗炉中排塑,排塑温度600-700℃,排塑时间2h,成塑坯;
(6)将塑坯放入马弗炉中烧结,烧结温度为1200-1290℃,烧结时间4h,升温速率1-4℃/min,得到压电陶瓷;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的陶瓷的上下表面进行打磨后,再涂上银浆,在550℃煅烧30min,在两个表面形成30微米的银电极;
(8)将有银电极的压电陶瓷放在硅油中,用3.5kV/mm的电场极化15min,即成PZT基压电陶瓷(又称PZT︰0.05MnO2压电陶瓷)。
本发明在实施中,还可由以下实施例给出。
实施例2
本发明在具体实施中,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.075︰1。
实施例3
本发明在具体实施中,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.1︰1。
实施例4
本发明在具体实施中,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.15︰1。
实施例5
本发明在具体实施中,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.2︰1。
实施例6
本发明在具体实施中,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.25︰1。
实施例2-6的制备方法由实施例1。
本发明在实地应用和测试,PZT陶瓷的压电常数提高了30%以上,并且在200℃退火处理100h稳定后陶瓷的压电常数>340pC/N,证明PZT陶瓷在200℃可以长时间工作,延长了使用寿命,并与国内外生产的功率型陶瓷的压电常数d 33、平面机电耦合系数k p、机械品质因数Q m的对比,具有明显的优势,具有显著的进步,实施例1-6的有关测试情况及相关对比如下表:
表1
陶瓷组分 | d 33(pC/N) | k p | Q m | |
PZT-0.05MnO2 | 445 | 0.63 | 600 | 本发明 |
PZT-0.75MnO2 | 455 | 0.61 | 500 | 本发明 |
PZT-0.1MnO2 | 426 | 0.60 | 500 | 本发明 |
PZT-0.15MnO2 | 403 | 0.58 | 500 | 本发明 |
PZT-0.2MnO2 | 340 | 0.57 | 300 | 本发明 |
PZT-0.25MnO2 | 313 | 0.56 | 300 | 本发明 |
PZT | 240-310 | 0.55-0.57 | 500-1000 | 德国 |
PZT840 | 290 | 0.59 | 500 | 美国 |
PZT8 | 230 | 0.53 | 800 | 中国 |
PZT85 | 330 | 0.57 | 1800 | 中国 |
表2
陶瓷型号 | 退火温度 | d 33(pC/N) |
PZT-0.1MnO2 | 250 | 255 |
PZT85 | 250 | 120 |
表2中 250℃退火处理后PZT:0.1MnO2陶瓷与PZT85陶瓷的d 33对比,可以看出PZT:0.1MnO2陶瓷在250℃退货后的d 33为255 pC/N,高于传统的PZT8陶瓷,说明本发明的陶瓷可以在高温环境下使用。
由上可以清楚的看出,PZT陶瓷的压电常数提高了30%以上,并且在200℃退火处理100h稳定后陶瓷的压电常数>340pC/N,说明陶瓷在200°C可以长时间工作,本发明的PZT:xMnO2压电陶瓷与传统的功率型PZT陶瓷相比,压电常数提高达30%,温度稳定性得到了很大的改善,更加适合在200℃以上的高温环境中使用,解决了目前功率型超声换能器转换效率低和工作温度低的问题,经济和社会效益巨大。
Claims (7)
1.一种PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,由以下步骤实现:
(1)将PZT粉末和MnO2粉末混合在一起,成混合粉末,MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为(0.001~0.70)︰1;
(2)将混合粉末加水成浆料,球磨1-72h,制得粉体混合均匀、颗粒大小一致的浆料;
(3)将浆料烘干,加入干料重量1%-10%的粘合剂,成坯料;
(4)压制成型,在压力为200-330MPa条件下对坯料进行陶瓷坯成型;
(5)将步骤(4)制成的陶瓷坯放入马弗炉中排塑,排塑温度500-800℃,排塑时间1-5h,成塑坯;
(6)将塑坯放入马弗炉中烧结,烧结温度为1200-1300℃,烧结时间1-5h,得到压电陶瓷;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的压电陶瓷的上下表面进行打磨后,再涂上银浆,在550-750℃煅烧10-60min,在两个表面形成银电极;
(8)将有银电极的压电陶瓷放在硅油中,用3-5kV/mm的电场极化5-60min,即成PZT基压电陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,由以下步骤实现:
(1)将PZT粉末和MnO2粉末混合在一起,成混合粉末,MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.05︰1;
(2)将混合粉末加水成浆料,装入行星式球磨机中,球磨12h,制得粉体混合均匀、颗粒大小一致的浆料;
(3)将浆料烘干,加入干料重量3%-10%的粘合剂,放置24h,成坯料;
(4)压制成型,在压力为250MPa条件下对坯料进行陶瓷坯成型,坯料直径25mm;
(5)将步骤(4)制成的陶瓷坯放入刚玉坩锅,然后放入马弗炉中排塑,排塑温度600-700℃,排塑时间2h,成塑坯;
(6)将塑坯放入马弗炉中烧结,烧结温度为1200-1290℃,烧结时间4h,升温速率1-4℃/min,得到压电陶瓷;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的陶瓷的上下表面进行打磨后,再涂上银浆,在550℃煅烧30min,在两个表面形成30微米的银电极;
(8)将有银电极的压电陶瓷放在硅油中,用3.5kV/mm的电场极化15min,即成PZT基压电陶瓷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.075︰1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.1︰1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.15︰1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.2︰1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的PZT基压电陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的MnO2粉末与PZT粉末质量比为0.25︰1。
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Cited By (4)
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CN108046801B (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2021-07-06 | 蔡豪杰 | 压电陶瓷组合物及其制备方法 |
CN114835489A (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-02 | 国网智能电网研究院有限公司 | 一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN114835489B (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-04-28 | 国网智能电网研究院有限公司 | 一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷及其制备方法 |
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