CN106172186A - 一种甲鱼的人工繁育方法 - Google Patents
一种甲鱼的人工繁育方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甲鱼的人工繁育方法，涉及水产养殖技术领域，包括下列步骤：(1)池塘清整，(2)亲鳖放养，(3)亲鳖饲养，(4)孵化室构建，(5)产卵孵化，(6)稚鳖饲养，(7)水质调控。本发明从亲鳖放养到稚鳖饲养，严格控制所饲喂饲料的种类和数量，满足甲鱼所需营养物质，提高饲料利用率，并且其中病虫害防治剂的使用不仅能在前期池塘清整时杀灭塘内的有害虫卵和病菌，还能对后期甲鱼饲喂时的病虫害进行防治，尤其对腐皮病的防治效果最好，从而提高甲鱼成活率。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种甲鱼的人工繁育方法。
背景技术：
甲鱼俗称鳖、水鱼、团鱼和王八等，卵生爬行动物，水陆两栖生活。甲鱼肉味鲜美、营养丰富，有清热养阴，平肝熄风，软坚散结的效果。它不仅是餐桌上的美味佳肴，而且是一种用途很广的滋补药品和中药材料。
甲鱼养殖自上世纪80年代以来得到迅猛发展，甲鱼之乡不断涌现。甲鱼养殖技术得到不断发展，可绝大多数都是走速生速长密集养殖的路子，产量大幅上升的同时其品质却跟野生甲鱼相差甚远，食用和药用价值大打折扣。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种操作简单、成活率高且病虫害危害少的甲鱼的人工繁育方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种甲鱼的人工繁育方法，包括下列步骤：
(1)池塘清整：鱼种放养前1个月放干池水，清除杂草和多余淤泥，暴晒至池底发白、干硬开裂，将病虫害防治剂加水溶解后均匀洒在池塘内，搅动使其与淤泥充分混合，随后注入洁净水源；
(2)亲鳖放养：选择4-6龄体质健壮、规格一致的亲鳖，放养水温温差控制在5℃以内，放养密度为1-2只/m2，雌雄配比为3-5:1；
(3)亲鳖饲养：全价配合饲料与鲜活饲料搭配投喂，全价配合饲料日投喂量为鳖重的2％-4％，鲜活饲料日投喂量为鳖重的5％-8％，鲜活饲料以鱼虾为主，每日3次，产卵期间使用黄粉虫和蚕蛹混合投喂亲鳖，日投喂量为鳖重的1％-3％，每日2次；
(4)孵化室构建：选择通风条件好、密封性强的温室作为孵化室，用木材制成长方体的孵化盘，底部开有若干滤水小孔，盘底铺上细沙；
(5)产卵孵化：开春后当水温上升到20℃以上时，亲鳖开始发情交配，交配后半个月开始产卵，将产出的受精卵移入孵化盘中，并盖上细沙，孵化室温度控制在28-32℃；
(6)稚鳖饲养：40-50天后孵出稚鳖，稚鳖开食后将其放入稚鳖池饲养，饲以水生昆虫和小青虾，每日3次，日投饲量为体重的5％-10％，并在水中添加质量百分比1％水解乳清蛋白粉、0.2％牛磺酸和0.1％玛卡粉；
(7)水质调控：稚鳖养殖初期，稚鳖池中水位高于沙层5cm，随后逐渐增加水位，每7天注入一次新水，换水高度为10cm。
所述病虫害防治剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：茵陈草15份、吴茱萸叶10份、艾叶草10份、活性白土8份、大戟叶8份、决明子6份、聚丙烯酰胺5份、巴豆霜3份、苍耳子3份、尿素2份、聚合氯化铝1份、焦磷酸钠1份、香加皮1份、苦瓜粉0.5份、纳米蒙脱土0.5份、氯化钠0.5份、土霉素片0.3份、冰片0.2份，其制备方法为：①将茵陈草、吴茱萸叶、艾叶草和大戟叶经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入苦瓜粉和氯化钠，充分混合后于0-5℃下静置2h，即得粉料I；②将决明子、巴豆霜、苍耳子和香加皮加热至70-75℃保温混合10min，再继续加热至100-105℃保温混合10min，然后粉碎成粉末，即得粉料II；③将土霉素片和冰片研磨成粉末后加入粉料I中，再加入粉料II，充分混合后置于45-50℃下密封静置24h，最后加入活性白土、聚丙烯酰胺、尿素、聚合氯化铝、焦磷酸钠和纳米蒙脱土，充分混合均匀。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明从亲鳖放养到稚鳖饲养，严格控制所饲喂饲料的种类和数量，满足甲鱼所需营养物质，提高饲料利用率，并且其中病虫害防治剂的使用不仅能在前期池塘清整时杀灭塘内的有害虫卵和病菌，还能对后期甲鱼饲喂时的病虫害进行防治，净化池塘水质，尤其对腐皮病的防治效果最好，从而提高甲鱼成活率。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
(1)池塘清整：鱼种放养前1个月放干池水，清除杂草和多余淤泥，暴晒至池底发白、干硬开裂，将病虫害防治剂加水溶解后均匀洒在池塘内，搅动使其与淤泥充分混合，随后注入洁净水源；
(2)亲鳖放养：选择4-6龄体质健壮、规格一致的亲鳖，放养水温温差控制在5℃以内，放养密度为2只/m2，雌雄配比为3:1；
(3)亲鳖饲养：全价配合饲料与鲜活饲料搭配投喂，全价配合饲料日投喂量为鳖重的3％，鲜活饲料日投喂量为鳖重的7％，鲜活饲料以鱼虾为主，每日3次，产卵期间使用黄粉虫和蚕蛹混合投喂亲鳖，日投喂量为鳖重的2％，每日2次；
(4)孵化室构建：选择通风条件好、密封性强的温室作为孵化室，用木材制成长方体的孵化盘，底部开有若干滤水小孔，盘底铺上细沙；
(5)产卵孵化：开春后当水温上升到20℃以上时，亲鳖开始发情交配，交配后半个月开始产卵，将产出的受精卵移入孵化盘中，并盖上细沙，孵化室温度控制在28-32℃；
(6)稚鳖饲养：40-50天后孵出稚鳖，稚鳖开食后将其放入稚鳖池饲养，饲以水生昆虫和小青虾，每日3次，日投饲量为体重的6％，并在水中添加质量百分比1％水解乳清蛋白粉、0.2％牛磺酸和0.1％玛卡粉；
(7)水质调控：稚鳖养殖初期，稚鳖池中水位高于沙层5cm，随后逐渐增加水位，每7天注入一次新水，换水高度为10cm。
病虫害防治剂的制备：①将15份茵陈草、10份吴茱萸叶、10份艾叶草和8份大戟叶经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入0.5份苦瓜粉和0.5份氯化钠，充分混合后于0-5℃下静置2h，即得粉料I；②将6份决明子、3份巴豆霜、3份苍耳子和1份香加皮加热至70-75℃保温混合10min，再继续加热至100-105℃保温混合10min，然后粉碎成粉末，即得粉料II；③将0.3份土霉素片和0.2份冰片研磨成粉末后加入粉料I中，再加入粉料II，充分混合后置于45-50℃下密封静置24h，最后加入8份活性白土、5份聚丙烯酰胺、2份尿素、1份聚合氯化铝、1份焦磷酸钠和0.5份纳米蒙脱土，充分混合均匀。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (2)
1.一种甲鱼的人工繁育方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
(1)池塘清整：鱼种放养前1个月放干池水，清除杂草和多余淤泥，暴晒至池底发白、干硬开裂，将病虫害防治剂加水溶解后均匀洒在池塘内，搅动使其与淤泥充分混合，随后注入洁净水源；
(2)亲鳖放养：选择4-6龄体质健壮、规格一致的亲鳖，放养水温温差控制在5℃以内，放养密度为1-2只/m2，雌雄配比为3-5:1；
(3)亲鳖饲养：全价配合饲料与鲜活饲料搭配投喂，全价配合饲料日投喂量为鳖重的2％-4％，鲜活饲料日投喂量为鳖重的5％-8％，鲜活饲料以鱼虾为主，每日3次，产卵期间使用黄粉虫和蚕蛹混合投喂亲鳖，日投喂量为鳖重的1％-3％，每日2次；
(4)孵化室构建：选择通风条件好、密封性强的温室作为孵化室，用木材制成长方体的孵化盘，底部开有若干滤水小孔，盘底铺上细沙；
(5)产卵孵化：开春后当水温上升到20℃以上时，亲鳖开始发情交配，交配后半个月开始产卵，将产出的受精卵移入孵化盘中，并盖上细沙，孵化室温度控制在28-32℃；
(6)稚鳖饲养：40-50天后孵出稚鳖，稚鳖开食后将其放入稚鳖池饲养，饲以水生昆虫和小青虾，每日3次，日投饲量为体重的5％-10％，并在水中添加质量百分比1％水解乳清蛋白粉、0.2％牛磺酸和0.1％玛卡粉；
(7)水质调控：稚鳖养殖初期，稚鳖池中水位高于沙层5cm，随后逐渐增加水位，每7天注入一次新水，换水高度为10cm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的甲鱼的人工繁育方法，其特征在于，所述病虫害防治剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：茵陈草15份、吴茱萸叶10份、艾叶草10份、活性白土8份、大戟叶8份、决明子6份、聚丙烯酰胺5份、巴豆霜3份、苍耳子3份、尿素2份、聚合氯化铝1份、焦磷酸钠1份、香加皮1份、苦瓜粉0.5份、纳米蒙脱土0.5份、氯化钠0.5份、土霉素片0.3份、冰片0.2份，其制备方法为：①将茵陈草、吴茱萸叶、艾叶草和大戟叶经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末，再加入苦瓜粉和氯化钠，充分混合后于0-5℃下静置2h，即得粉料I；②将决明子、巴豆霜、苍耳子和香加皮加热至70-75℃保温混合10min，再继续加热至100-105℃保温混合10min，然后粉碎成粉末，即得粉料II；③将土霉素片和冰片研磨成粉末后加入粉料I中，再加入粉料II，充分混合后置于45-50℃下密封静置24h，最后加入活性白土、聚丙烯酰胺、尿素、聚合氯化铝、焦磷酸钠和纳米蒙脱土，充分混合均匀。
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