CN106153869A - A kind of geotechnique's Proctor compaction test grinds soil sieve test Apparatus and method for - Google Patents
A kind of geotechnique's Proctor compaction test grinds soil sieve test Apparatus and method for Download PDFInfo
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- CN106153869A CN106153869A CN201610810445.5A CN201610810445A CN106153869A CN 106153869 A CN106153869 A CN 106153869A CN 201610810445 A CN201610810445 A CN 201610810445A CN 106153869 A CN106153869 A CN 106153869A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of geotechnique's Proctor compaction test and grind soil sieve test Apparatus and method for, including frame, frame is provided with a motor, described motor is rotated by one roller of actuator drives, the two ends of roller are fixed in two gripper shoes each via bearing, two described gripper shoes are connected with former and later two baffle plates, define material charging region;Be provided with the sieve plate of an arc-shaped that there is gap with roller outer surface in the bottom of roller, the bottom of described sieve plate is provided with a downward-sloping splicing plate, pulverizes the earth material after screening and is exported by splicing plate.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of geotechnique's Proctor compaction test and grind soil sieve test Apparatus and method for.
Background technology
Compaction test is one of pilot project that in soil test, labor intensity is maximum.The present effectively China people
In republic's national standard " Standard for test methods of earthworks " GB/T 50123-1999, the rule to the Proctor compaction test preparation of soil sample
It is set to: take Representative soil sample 20Kg by quartering, air-dries and pulverize, cross 5mm sieve, and lower for sieve soil sample is mixed thoroughly;But the most how
Air-dry to pulverize and do not provide relevant equipment and method;Therefore the method used at present is manually to pulverize, this artificial stone roller
Broken have the disadvantage in that
Cohesive soil by natural moisture content to air-dry during, the caking of soil can be the most closely knit.At present, laboratory staff
The normal mode manually preparing compacted soil samples is: in soil air drying process, breaks soil block with axe one by one into pieces, then uses steel pipe
Or wood rolls, the soil after rolling pours 5mm sieve into, and the soil sample under sieve is mixed rear watering thoroughly and hit reality.This tests soil
Test period length prepared by sample, labor intensity is big, it is serious to pulverize airborne dust in screening process, causes serious air pollution and environment
Pollute, the healthy of testing crew is also brought bigger harm simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve technical disadvantages present in prior art, the invention discloses a kind of geotechnique's Proctor compaction test and grind soil
Sieve test Apparatus and method for.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of geotechnique's Proctor compaction test grinds soil sieve test equipment, including frame, is provided with one in described frame
Motor, described motor is rotated by one roller of actuator drives, and the two ends of roller are fixed on each via bearing
In two gripper shoes, two described gripper shoes are connected with former and later two baffle plates;It is provided with one and roller in the bottom of roller
There is the sieve plate of the arc-shaped in gap in roller outer surface, one side of described sieve plate is connected, separately by connecting plate and front apron are fixing
One side is directly fixed with backboard and is connected, and front apron, sieve plate, connecting plate and two gripper shoes define material charging region;Institute
The bottom stating sieve plate is provided with a downward-sloping splicing plate, forms discharging opening, after rolling screening between splicing plate and front apron
Earth material export by splicing plate from discharging opening.
Further, described roller is relative to the distance of former and later two baffle plate eccentric settings, its axis and backboard
Distance less than axis Yu front apron.
Further, the axis of described roller is micro-with the distance of backboard more than roller radius, on the one hand ensures
Soil block will not fall into sieve plate from the gap between roller and backboard, on the other hand between guarantee roller and backboard not
Friction can be produced.
Further, the described distance between roller lowermost end and sieve plate is 5mm.
Further, described sieve plate is provided with some circular holes, a diameter of 5mm in hole.
Further, described motor drives the gear of pair of meshing, described gear to drive sieve by a reductor
Withdrawing roll low speed rotation.
Further, described roller rotates to the direction at front apron place;The earth material that described needs roll is placed
In material charging region.
The method utilizing said apparatus geotechnique's Proctor compaction test is as follows:
Soil sample is placed in the plane of dry cleansing by step 1, and dry in the sun air-dries;
Soil sample after step 2 will air-dry pours material charging region into along connecting plate, opens stone roller soil sieve test device power supply (DPS) switch, will
Earth material pulverizes, and the grogs less than 5mm leaks down from sieve aperture, exports along splicing plate under gravity;Lower for sieve soil sample is mixed thoroughly, and
Measure the air-dried moisture content of soil sample;
Step 3 estimates optimum moisture content according to the plastic limit of soil, prepares many group differences by the moisture content differing about 2% successively and contains
The sample of water rate;
Step 4 takes the soil sample of 2.5Kg and is laid in the soil container not absorbed water, by predetermined moisture content sprinkler toward soil
Uniformly spraying required amount of water on sample, it is standby to mix sealing and standing thoroughly, and time of repose is respectively as follows: high liquid limit clay must not be little less than 24
Time, low liquid limit clay can shorten as one sees fit, but should be less than 12 hours;
Step 5 weighs a certain amount of earth material from the sample prepared, in dividing 3 layers of compaction cylinder pouring compaction test apparatus into and by soil face
Leveling, reality is hit in layering.The quality of every layer of earth material is 600-800g, and hair should be dug in the native face of two-layer interface, and every layer 25 is hit;
Step 6, along compaction cylinder top equating sample, removes base plate, cleans drum outer wall, weighs accurately to 1g.
Sample is released from compaction cylinder by step 7, takes containing of 2 a certain amount of earth material parallel assay samples from sample center
Water rate, the Parallel errors of moisture content should be not more than 1%;
The sample of other moisture content is hit reality according to above-mentioned steps by step 8 successively;
Step 9 calculates dry density and the moisture content of sample after hitting in fact, draws relation curve.
Further, with dry density as vertical coordinate, moisture content is abscissa, draws dry density bent with the relation of moisture content
Line;Dry density with moisture content relation curve are drawn saturated aqueous rate curve.
Further, the minimum preparation of sample 5 groups in step 3, wherein 2 moisture content are more than plastic limit, and 2 moisture content are less than
Plastic limit, 1 moisture content is close to plastic limit.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that:
Three steps (break soil block into pieces, roll and sieve) that labor intensity in compaction test is maximum can be replaced by machinery
In generation, is artificial, if using the artificial of routine to prepare light-duty compacted soil samples, a people prepares a kind of soil sample at least needs more than 1 hour,
Expend a large amount of human resources.And the geotechnological Proctor compaction test developed grinds soil, sieve test equipment, sample preparation only needs somewhat
Clock, substantially increases work efficiency, saves the experimentation costs such as human resources.Meanwhile, sample making course avoids airborne dust to sky
The pollution of gas, protects environment.Therefore, this instrument has significant economic and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
In having technology to describe, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is the present invention
Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to according to
These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawing.
The side view of Fig. 1 present invention;
The rearview of Fig. 2 present invention;
Fig. 3-1,3-2 are the structure chart of sieve plate;
Fig. 4-1, the structure chart of 4-2 gripper shoe;
In figure: 1 frame, 2 motor bases, 3 motors, 4 gear pairs, 5 gear covers, 6 roller, 7 reinforcing plates, 8 gripper shoes, 9
Bearing, 10 sieve plates, 11 connecting plates, 12 front aprons, plate washer after 13,14 splicing plates.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, 2, geotechnique's Proctor compaction test grinds soil sieve test equipment, including frame 1, is provided with in frame 1
One motor base 2, arranges a motor 3 on motor base 2, and motor 3 drives a roller 6 to rotate by gear pair 4,
The outside of gear pair 4 has gear cover 5, gear cover 5 to be provided with Switching Power Supply, and the two ends of roller 6 are fixed on each via bearing 9
In two gripper shoes 8, two described gripper shoes 8 are connected with forward and backward baffle plate 12,13;One and sieve it is provided with bottom roller 6
There is the sieve plate 10 of the arc-shaped in gap in withdrawing roll outer surface, the bottom of described sieve plate 10 is provided with a splicing plate tilted earthward
14;One side of described sieve plate 10 is connected by connecting plate 11 and front apron are fixing, and another side is direct and backboard 13
Fixing connection;Front apron, sieve plate, connecting plate and two gripper shoes define material charging region;The bottom of described sieve plate is provided with one
Downward-sloping splicing plate, forms discharging opening, pulverizes the earth material after screening from discharging opening by splicing between splicing plate and front apron
Plate exports.
Further, roller 6 is less than axle relative to former and later two baffle plate eccentric settings, its axis with the distance of backboard
Line and the distance of front apron.
Further, the axis of roller 6 is micro-with the distance of backboard more than roller radius, on the one hand ensures soil knot
Block will not fall into sieve plate from the gap between roller and backboard, and on the other hand ensureing will not between roller and backboard
Produce friction.
Further, the distance between roller 6 lowermost end and sieve plate 10 is 5mm.
Further, sieve plate 10 is provided with some circular holes, a diameter of 5mm of circular hole.
Further, motor 3 drives the gear of pair of meshing, described gear to drive roller low by a reductor
Speed rotates.
Further, roller 6 rotates to the direction at front apron place;The earth material that described needs pulverize is placed on and feeds intake
In district.
Further, two gripper shoes are provided with reinforcing plate 7.
Concrete work process is as follows:
The earth material pulverized by needs puts into material charging region, then drives motor, driven by motor roller low speed rotation, roller
Roller rotates to the direction of front apron, and roller constantly rolls soil block in rotary course, until soil block is ground scattered, point
Earth material after Saning crosses the sieve plate of 5mm circular hole, sends from splicing plate;
The said equipment is utilized to carry out the method for compaction test as follows:
1. instrument and equipment
1.1 compaction test apparatuses: be made up of compaction cylinder, hammer and casing.Its size should meet the regulation of following table.
Compaction test apparatus critical piece dimensions table
The hammer of 1.2 compaction test apparatuses should join guide, and enough gaps should be had between hammer and guide to make hammer energy free-falling.Electronic
Operation hammer must have control fall away from tracking equipment and hammer point set by certain angle (light-duty 53.5 °) is equally distributed
Standby.
1.3 electronic balances: weigh 200g, minimum division value 0.01g.
1.4 platform balances: weigh 10kg, minimum division value 5g.
1.5 sample pushers: preferably with screw jack or hydraulic jack.As without this kind equipment, scraper also can be used
From compaction cylinder, sample is taken out with repairing soil cutter.
1.6 other: baking oven, sprinkler, stone roller soil sieve test equipment, soil filling device, repair soil cutter etc..
The most concrete test method:
2.1 prepare sample
2.1.1 taking Representative soil sample 20kg, soil sample be placed in the plane of dry cleansing, dry in the sun air-dries.After air-drying
Soil sample pours material charging region into along connecting plate, opens stone roller soil sieve test device power supply (DPS) switch, is pulverized by earth material, less than the grogs of 5mm
Leak down from sieve aperture, export along splicing plate under gravity;Lower for sieve soil sample is mixed thoroughly, and measures the air-dried moisture content of soil sample.
2.1.2 estimate optimum moisture content according to the plastic limit of soil, should prepare no less than five by the moisture content differing about 2% successively
The sample of the different water cut of group, wherein should have 2 moisture content more than plastic limit, and 2 moisture content are less than plastic limit, and 1 moisture content connects
Nearly plastic limit.Calculate by formula (1) and answer amount of water:
In formula: mωWater quality, g is added needed for-soil sample;
M-air-dries quality of soil sample during moisture content, g;
ω0-air-dry moisture content, %;
Moisture content required by ω-soil sample, %.
2.1.3 the soil sample taking 2.5Kg is laid in the soil container not absorbed water, by predetermined moisture content sprinkler toward soil
Uniformly spray required amount of water on sample, mix sealing and standing thoroughly standby.Time of repose is respectively as follows: high liquid limit clay must not be little less than 24
Time, low liquid limit clay can shorten as one sees fit, but should be less than 12 hours.
2.2 examination sample compactings
2.2.1 being placed on solid ground by compaction test apparatus, compaction cylinder is connected with base, installs casing, inspection apparatus
The performance of each parts and corollary equipment is the most normal, is uniformly coated with a thin layer lubricating oil at compaction cylinder inwall.
2.2.2 from a test specimen prepared, a certain amount of earth material is weighed, in dividing 3 layers to pour compaction cylinder into and by whole for soil face
Flat, reality is hit in layering.Light-duty compacting process divides 3 layers to hit reality, and the quality of every layer of earth material is that (its amount should make to hit sample after reality 600-800g
Highly it is slightly above the 1/3 of compaction cylinder), every layer 25 is hit.Every layer of specimen height after hitting in fact is the most roughly equal, the soil of two-layer interface
Hair should be dug in face.After hitting real completing, the specimen height beyond compaction cylinder top should be less than 6mm.
2.2.3 with repairing after soil cutter cuts along casing inwall and to dig, twist and take off casing.Along compaction cylinder top carefulness equating sample,
Removing base plate, bottom surface is beyond outside cylinder as samples, also answers equating.Clean drum outer wall, weigh, accurately to 1g.
2.2.4 with bulldozing device, sample is released from compaction cylinder, take 2 a certain amount of earth material parallel assays from sample center
The moisture content of sample, the Parallel errors of moisture content should be not more than 1%.
2.2.5 specify that the sample to other moisture content hits reality successively by step 2.2.1~2.2.4.Typically do not repeat
Use soil sample.
3 test results arrange
3.1 computing formula
3.1.1 the dry density of sample after hitting in fact by formula (2) calculating:
In formula: ρd-dry density, g/cm3;
ρ-wet density, g/cm3;
ω-moisture content, %.
Calculate to 0.01g/cm3。
3.1.2 the saturated aqueous rate of soil is calculated under several dry density by formula (3):
In formula: ωsatThe saturated aqueous rate of-sample, %;
ρwThe density of water, g/cm during-temperature 4 DEG C3;
ρdThe dry density of-sample, g/cm3;
Gs-soil particle proportion.
3.2 draw relation curve
3.2.1 with dry density as vertical coordinate, moisture content is abscissa, draws the relation curve of dry density and moisture content.Bent
The vertical coordinate of line upward peak point represents the maximum dry density hitting real sample, and corresponding abscissa is that to hit the optimum of real sample aqueous
Rate.When curve can not draw peak point, should carry out mending point.Soil sample should not be reused.
3.2.2 in dry density with moisture content relation curve, draw saturated aqueous rate curve.
3.3 achievement corrections
3.3.1 in Proctor compaction test, when in sample, the particle diameter granular mass more than 5mm is less than the 30% of sample gross mass
Time, reply maximum dry density is corrected, and updating formula is shown in formula (4).
In formula: ρ 'dmaxMaximum dry density after-correction, g/cm3;
P-particle diameter is more than the content (representing decimally) of 5mm granule;
GS2-particle diameter is more than the mass percent of 5mm granule, (%);
ρωThe density of-water, g/cm3;
ρdmaxParticle diameter is less than the maximum dry density of 5mm sample, g/cm3。
Calculate to 0.01g/cm3。
3.3.2 in Proctor compaction test, when in sample, the particle diameter granular mass more than 5mm is less than sample gross mass
When 30%, also needing to be corrected optimum moisture content, updating formula is shown in formula (5).
ω′op=ωop(1-P)+P·ω2 (5)
In formula: ωop ’Optimum moisture content after-correction, %;
ωop-hit the optimum moisture content of real sample, %;
ω2-particle diameter is more than the sorption moisture content of 5mm grogs, %.
Remaining symbol is ibid.Calculate to 0.01%.
Although the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described by the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines, but not the present invention is protected model
The restriction enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme, and those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various amendments or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. geotechnological Proctor compaction test grinds a soil sieve test equipment, including frame, it is characterised in that: in described frame
Being provided with a motor, described motor is rotated by one roller of actuator drives, and the two ends of roller are each via axle
Holding and be fixed in two gripper shoes, two described gripper shoes are connected with former and later two baffle plates;It is provided with one in the bottom of roller
The sieve plate of the individual arc-shaped that there is gap with roller outer surface, one side of described sieve plate is fixed with front apron by connecting plate
Connecting, another side is directly fixing with backboard to be connected, and front apron, sieve plate, connecting plate and two gripper shoes define throwing
Material district;The bottom of described sieve plate is provided with a splicing plate tilted earthward, pulverizes the earth material after screening and is exported by splicing plate.
2. geotechnique's Proctor compaction test as claimed in claim 1 grinds soil sieve test equipment, it is characterised in that: described roller
Roller is less than the distance of axis and front apron relative to the distance of former and later two baffle plate eccentric settings, its axis and backboard.
3. geotechnique's Proctor compaction test as claimed in claim 2 grinds soil sieve test equipment, it is characterised in that: described roller
The axis of roller is micro-more than roller radius with the distance of backboard.
4. geotechnique's Proctor compaction test as claimed in claim 1 grinds soil sieve test equipment, it is characterised in that: described roller
Distance between roller lowermost end and sieve plate is 5mm.
5. geotechnique's Proctor compaction test as claimed in claim 1 grinds soil sieve test equipment, it is characterised in that: described sieve plate
It is provided with some circular holes, a diameter of 5mm in hole.
6. geotechnique's Proctor compaction test as claimed in claim 1 grinds soil sieve test equipment, it is characterised in that: described roller
Roller rotates to the direction at front apron place.
7. utilize the method that the arbitrary described device of claim 1-6 carries out geotechnique's Proctor compaction test, it is characterised in that as
Under:
Soil sample is placed in the plane of dry cleansing by step 1, and dry in the sun air-dries;
Soil sample after step 2 will air-dry pours material charging region into along connecting plate, opens stone roller soil sieve test device power supply (DPS) switch, by earth material
Pulverizing, the grogs less than 5mm leaks down from sieve aperture, exports along splicing plate under gravity;Lower for sieve soil sample is mixed thoroughly, and measures
The air-dried moisture content of soil sample;
Step 3 estimates optimum moisture content according to the plastic limit of soil, prepares by the moisture content differing about 2% successively and organizes different water cut more
Sample;
Step 4 takes the soil sample of 2.5Kg and is laid in the soil container not absorbed water, by predetermined moisture content sprinkler toward in soil sample
Uniformly spraying required amount of water, it is standby to mix sealing and standing thoroughly, time of repose be respectively as follows: high liquid limit clay must not less than 24 hours,
Low liquid limit clay can shorten as one sees fit, but should be less than 12 hours;
Step 5 weighs a certain amount of earth material from the sample prepared, in dividing 3 layers of compaction cylinder pouring compaction test apparatus into and by whole for soil face
Flat, reality is hit in layering.The quality of every layer of earth material is 600-800g, and hair should be dug in the native face of two-layer interface, and every layer 25 is hit;
Step 6, along compaction cylinder top equating sample, removes base plate, cleans drum outer wall, weighs accurately to 1g;
Sample is released from compaction cylinder by step 7, takes the aqueous of 2 a certain amount of earth material parallel assay samples from sample center
Rate, the Parallel errors of moisture content should be not more than 1%;
The sample of other moisture content is hit reality according to above-mentioned steps by step 8 successively;
Step 9 calculates dry density and the moisture content of sample after hitting in fact, draws relation curve.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the minimum preparation of sample 5 groups in step 3, wherein 2 moisture content
More than plastic limit, 2 moisture content are less than plastic limit, and 1 moisture content is close to plastic limit.
9. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that with dry density as vertical coordinate, moisture content is abscissa, draws dry
Density and the relation curve of moisture content;Dry density with moisture content relation curve are drawn saturated aqueous rate curve.
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Application publication date: 20161123 |