CN106149064B - Classification preparation method of bamboo fibers - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a classification extraction process of bamboo fiber, which comprises the following process flows: pretreating bamboo chips, soaking in alkali liquor, steaming at normal pressure, separating bamboo green from bamboo yellow, grinding and carding bamboo yellow, and then performing pickling, alkali-oxygen treatment and softening treatment to prepare fibers at bamboo yellow; and soaking the bamboo green in alkali liquor, steaming and boiling under normal pressure, rolling and carding to prepare the bamboo green fiber. The bamboo green and tabasheer separation process is characterized in that bamboo chips are split into two parts from the middle by a cutter after being soaked in alkali liquor and cooked under normal pressure, the extracted raw bamboo fiber at the tabasheer position is further chemically treated and is suitable for raw materials for textiles, and the raw bamboo fiber at the bamboo green position is directly suitable for raw materials of bamboo-plastic composite materials. The production process combines the internal structural characteristics and the performance of the bamboo chips, not only effectively utilizes the bamboo raw materials, but also has good economic benefit. The product obtained by the product can meet the textile requirement and the requirement of the bamboo-plastic composite material, and has the advantages of high bamboo chip utilization rate, low production cost, short process flow, simplicity and feasibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a textile material technology, in particular to a process for extracting raw bamboo fiber.
Background
The bamboo fiber is environment-friendly fiber in the true sense by taking natural bamboo as a raw material. The fiber is bright in luster, and has unique antibacterial and deodorant properties and excellent colorability, rebound, drapability and wear resistance. The cross section of the bamboo fiber is full of large and small gaps, and can instantly absorb and evaporate water. Experts in the industry call bamboo fibres "breathable fibres". The bamboo fiber yarn is the most environment-friendly green product, and the knitted and woven fabrics and clothes produced by the yarn have unique styles which are obviously different from cotton and wood cellulose fibers, high strength, wear resistance, moisture absorption, soft hand feeling, cool and comfortable wearing, excellent dyeing property, bright luster and good natural antibacterial effect. Meanwhile, the bamboo fiber is also used for bamboo-plastic composite materials and decorative materials for heat insulation and sound insulation. The natural bamboo fiber extracted by mechanical and physical methods has a thick and hard structure, and the indexes such as uniformity, fineness and the like can not meet the requirements of textile fibers, even the requirements of preparing composite materials and non-woven fabrics for vehicles. In the prior art of extracting the bamboo fiber by adopting chemical, biological and other methods, for example, Chinese patent CN1621580A, the bamboo fiber suitable for spinning is obtained by repeated processes of stewing, enzyme preparation fermentation, cleaning and bleaching, pickling, emulsifier health preserving and the like, but the process flow is complicated and the extraction cost is high; chinese patent CN101748628A, prepares bamboo fiber with a length of 3-6mm suitable for bamboo plastic to meet the material requirements through high-pressure cooking softening and high-speed defibering machine, but the fiber length is too short, which limits the application range; in addition, in the CN102634856A patent technology, bamboo fiber is extracted by using a microorganism complex bacteria technology, but the biological bacteria culture technology requires high technical conditions, high cost, and unstable effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of long process flow, high production cost and the like of the extraction process of the bamboo fiber, the technical scheme for solving the technical problems is that the method combines the application of the bamboo fiber in two aspects of textile and bamboo-plastic composite materials: designing a classification extraction process of bamboo fiber, wherein the production method adopts the following processes:
the process flow is as follows: pretreatment → alkali liquor soaking 1 → atmospheric pressure cooking → green bamboo and tabasheer separation (tabasheer → rolling → combing → drying → pickling → hot water washing to neutrality → alkali oxygen treatment → hot water washing to neutrality → softening treatment → drying → tabasheer fiber (green bamboo → alkali liquor soaking 2 → rolling → combing → drying → green bamboo fiber); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the pretreatment process is that each bamboo joint in the long bamboo chips is removed, and then white scraps and impurities on the bamboo chips are cleaned by a brush in clear water;
the alkali liquor soaking 1 and 2 comprises soaking cleaned bamboo chips in alkali liquor at room temperature, wherein the alkali liquor is NaOH or Na2SO3Mixed solution of JFC penetrant, NaOH concentration is 40-70g/L, JFC penetrant concentration is 3-5g/L, Na2SO3The concentration is 2-3g/L, the soaking time in the working procedure 1 is 24-30 hours, and the soaking time in the working procedure 2 is 3-5 hours (the solution is the soaking solution in the working procedure 1);
the normal pressure cooking process comprises the following steps: putting the soaked bamboo chips into a normal-pressure cooking container to cook for 1-2 hours;
the process for separating the bamboo green and the bamboo yellow comprises the following steps: taking out the cooked bamboo chips, and breaking the bamboo chips into two parts from the middle by using a cutter along the longitudinal direction of the bamboo chips, wherein the parts close to the bamboo green are collectively called bamboo green, and the parts close to the tabasheer are collectively called tabasheer;
the rolling process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that separated bamboo outer skin and bamboo inner skin are respectively passed through a pair of pressurizing rollers (100 and 200N) with smooth surfaces, and fibers connected together are dispersed by physical and mechanical action, so that the subsequent carding process is facilitated;
the carding process comprises the following steps: repeatedly carding the rolled tabasheer fiber bundles and the rolled bamboo green fiber bundles into single fiber shapes under the unidirectional acting force of a sharp and dense carding needle;
the pickling process comprises the following steps: soaking bamboo yellow fiber in 1-1.5g/L H2SO4The solution is put for 40 to 60 minutes at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃;
the alkali-oxygen treatment process comprises placing fibers at the bamboo yellow in prepared alkali solution, wherein the concentration of NaOH is 6-8g/L, and Na is2SO3、Na2SiO3、Na5P3O4The auxiliary agent such as urea, etc. accounts for 2-3% of the dry weight of the fiber, the bath ratio is 1: 30-1: 50, the alkali boiling temperature is 70-80 ℃, after the alkali boiling is 30-40min, the temperature is raised to 90-100 ℃, and 6-8g/L H is added2O2And treating with alkali oxygen for 60-90 min.
The hot water washing to neutrality process comprises the following steps: washing fibers at the tabasheer position to be neutral by water with the temperature of 50-70 ℃;
the softening treatment process is to soak fibers at the tabasheer part by using 10-15g/L TDSL-2005A type softening agent for 30-60 minutes at 30-50 ℃;
compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the process flow is short, the process is simple, the bamboo chip structure and the purpose of the raw bamboo fiber are well combined, the raw bamboo fiber at the bamboo green position with good textile performance and the raw bamboo fiber at the bamboo green position suitable for the bamboo-plastic composite material with good mechanical property are extracted by adopting the separation process of the bamboo green and the bamboo yellow, the length of the obtained raw bamboo fiber is close to the length of the original bamboo chip, and the requirements of the raw bamboo fibers with different lengths can be met. The classification and utilization of bamboo chips to extract bamboo fibers with different purposes not only effectively utilizes bamboo raw materials, but also has good economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The invention designs a bamboo fiber extraction process, which adopts the following processes:
the process flow is as follows: pretreatment → alkali liquor soaking 1 → atmospheric pressure cooking → green bamboo and tabasheer separation (tabasheer → rolling → combing → drying → pickling → hot water washing to neutrality → alkali oxygen treatment → hot water washing to neutrality → softening treatment → drying → tabasheer fiber (green bamboo → alkali liquor soaking 2 → rolling → combing → drying → green bamboo fiber); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the alkali liquor soaking 1 and 2 comprises soaking cleaned bamboo chips in alkali liquor at room temperature, wherein the alkali liquor is NaOH or Na2SO3Mixed solution of JFC penetrant, NaOH concentration is 40-70g/L, JFC penetrant concentration is 3-5g/L, Na2SO3The concentration is 2-3g/L, the soaking time in the working procedure 1 is 24-30 hours, and the soaking time in the working procedure 2 is 3-5 hours (the solution is the soaking solution in the working procedure 1). Soaking in alkali liquor to remove impurities such as saccharide, hemicellulose, pectin, etc., and softening bamboo chips;
the normal pressure cooking process comprises the following steps: putting the soaked bamboo chips into a normal-pressure cooking container to cook for 1-2 hours;
the process for separating the bamboo green and the bamboo yellow comprises the following steps: taking out the cooked bamboo chips, and breaking the bamboo chips into two parts from the middle by using a cutter along the longitudinal direction of the bamboo chips, wherein the parts close to the bamboo green are collectively called bamboo green, and the parts close to the tabasheer are collectively called tabasheer;
the rolling process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that separated bamboo outer skin and bamboo inner skin are respectively passed through a pair of pressurizing rollers (100 and 200N) with smooth surfaces, and fibers connected together are dispersed by physical and mechanical action, so that the subsequent carding process is facilitated;
the carding process comprises the following steps: repeatedly carding the rolled fibers into single fibers under the unidirectional acting force of a sharp and dense card wire, removing the connecting objects among the single fibers, and directly carding after rolling to ensure the carding effect;
the pickling process comprises the following steps: soaking concretio silicea Bambusae seu Schizostachyi in 1-1.5g/L H2SO4The solution is put for 40 to 60 minutes at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃;
the alkali-oxygen treatment process comprises placing fibers at the bamboo yellow in prepared alkali solution, wherein the concentration of NaOH is 6-8g/L, and Na is2SO3、Na2SiO3、Na5P3O4The auxiliary agent such as urea, etc. accounts for 2-3% of the dry weight of the fiber, the bath ratio is 1: 30-1: 50, the alkali boiling temperature is 70-80 ℃, after the alkali boiling is 30-40min, the temperature is raised to 90-100 ℃, and 6-8g/L H is added2O2And treating with alkali oxygen for 60-90 min.
The procedures of pretreatment, pickling, hot water washing to neutrality, softening treatment and drying in the process flow of the invention are basically the same as or similar to the existing bamboo fiber treatment method, but the procedures of alkali liquor soaking, normal pressure cooking, rolling, carding, bamboo green and tabasheer separation, alkali oxygen treatment and the like are different from the existing bamboo fiber extraction method, and are novel procedures and processes which are innovatively designed aiming at the defects of the existing bamboo fiber production process.
The method takes alkali liquor soaking and normal pressure cooking as the bamboo chip pretreatment process, and separates the bamboo green and the bamboo yellow, the soaking at normal temperature has low cost and low energy consumption, and the cooking time at normal pressure is short; the separation process of the green bamboo and the yellow bamboo is better combined with the structure of the bamboo chips and the purpose of the bamboo fiber, and the bamboo fiber at different parts is classified and taken; soaking the fibers at the green part of the bamboo in the original alkali liquor after separation reduces the treatment difficulty of the subsequent process, recycles the original liquor and reduces the production cost; the rolling and carding processes have mild action, have small damage to the raw bamboo fibers and can uniformly disperse the raw bamboo fibers into single fiber shapes; in order to enable the fibers at the tabasheer position to meet the quality requirement of the original bamboo fibers for spinning, the fibers are further subjected to chemical refining treatment. In the chemical degumming part, firstly, the alkali is boiled for a period of time to remove hemicellulose, pectin and the like on the surface of the fiber, and then, the hydrogen peroxide is added for alkali-oxygen treatment, so that the lignin, the hemicellulose, the pectin and other substances in the fiber can be effectively removed, the fiber damage can be reduced, and the prepared fiber is white and soft. The production can prepare the bamboo fiber which can meet different requirements, and has short process flow and low production cost.
The main parameters of the bamboo fiber obtained by the method are as follows: the diameter of the bamboo fiber at the bamboo yellow part is 40-100 μm, the length is 200-300mm, and the breaking strength is 200-500 MPa; the diameter of the bamboo fiber at the green part of the bamboo is 80-130 μm, the length is 200-300mm, and the breaking strength is 400-1000 MPa. The bamboo fiber at the tabasheer position is suitable for spinning raw materials, and the bamboo fiber at the bamboo green position is suitable for bamboo-plastic composite material raw materials.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Specific examples of the present invention are given below. These examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and do not limit the scope of the claims of the present application.
Example 1
Removing bamboo joints from 500g of two-year-old Sagittaria sagittifolia bamboo chips, brushing the inner and outer surfaces of the bamboo chips in clear water for several times by using a common plastic brush, weighing 3000mL of distilled water, pouring the distilled water into a soaking container, adding 150g of NaOH and 6g of Na2SO39g of JFC penetrating agent is stirred evenly, and the bamboo chips are put into the solution to be soaked for 30 hours at normal temperature; then taking out and putting into a normal pressure cooking container, adding clear water, boiling for 1 hour under normal pressure, cooling, taking out bamboo chips, longitudinally separating bamboo green and bamboo yellow from the bamboo chips along fibers by using a cutter, soaking the fibers at the bamboo green part in the original alkali liquor for 4 hours, then cooking for 1 hour under normal pressure, rolling the fibers into a loose state by using a pair of rollers with smooth surfaces (the acting force is 150N) like the fibers at the bamboo yellow part, carding by using a sharp and dense card wire, removing connectors and impurities among the fibers, enabling the fibers to be similar to single fibers, and naturally drying; then, the primarily extracted tabasheer fibers are subjected to chemical refining treatment, 20g of tabasheer fibers are weighed, 800mL of water is weighed, 1.2g of 98 mass percent concentrated sulfuric acid is weighed, the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ after being added, the fibers are added for treatment, the mixture is cooled after 50 minutes, and the fibers are taken out and washed for 4 times by 50 ℃ hot water until the mixture is neutral. 800mL of water are weighed again, and 4.8g of NaOH and Na are added2SO30.6g、Na2SiO30.4g、Na5P3O40.4g of urea and 0.4g of urea are evenly stirred, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃, fibers at the tabasheer are added for degumming, the temperature is raised to 90 ℃ after the fibers are boiled in alkali for 30 minutes, and then 16g of H with the mass fraction of 30 percent is added2O2And alkali-oxygen treatment for 60 minutes. Then the mixture is taken out and washed to be neutral by hot water, and is put into a softener solution of 12g/L for treatment for 40 minutes at 30 ℃. And taking out the fibers after the softening is finished, and naturally drying the fibers.
Through detection, the average diameter of the bamboo fiber at the tabasheer obtained by the example is 78 μm, the average length is 178mm, and the average breaking strength is 246 MPa; the average diameter of the bamboo fiber at the green part of the bamboo is 105 μm, the average length is 230mm, and the average breaking strength is 650 MPa.
Example 2
Removing bamboo joints from 500g of two-year-old Sagittaria sagittifolia bamboo chips, brushing the inner and outer surfaces of the bamboo chips in clear water for several times by using a common plastic brush, weighing 3000mL of distilled water, pouring the distilled water into a soaking container, adding 165g of NaOH and 6g of Na2SO312g of JFC penetrating agent is evenly stirred, and the bamboo chips are put into the solution to be soaked for 28 hours at normal temperature; then taking out and putting into a normal pressure cooking container, adding clear water, boiling for 1.5 hours at normal pressure, taking out bamboo chips after cooling, longitudinally separating bamboo green and bamboo yellow from the bamboo chips along fibers by using a cutter, soaking the fibers at the bamboo green part in the original alkali liquor for 3 hours, then cooking for 1 hour at normal pressure, rolling the fibers into a loose state by using a pair of rollers with smooth surfaces (the acting force is 120N) like the fibers at the bamboo yellow part, carding by using a sharp and dense card wire, removing connectors and impurities among the fibers, enabling the fibers to be similar to single fibers, and naturally drying; then, the primarily extracted tabasheer fibers are subjected to chemical refining treatment, 20g of tabasheer fibers are weighed, 800mL of water is weighed, 1.2g of 98 mass percent concentrated sulfuric acid is weighed, the mixture is heated to 80 ℃ after being added, the fibers are added for treatment, the mixture is cooled after 40 minutes, and the fibers are taken out and washed for 3 times by 60 ℃ hot water until the mixture is neutral. 800mL of water are weighed again, and 5.6g of NaOH and Na are added2SO30.6g、Na2SiO30.4g、Na5P3O40.4g of urea and 0.4g of urea are evenly stirred, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃, fibers at the tabasheer are added for degumming, the temperature is raised to 95 ℃ after the fibers are boiled in alkali for 40 minutes, and then 16g of H with the mass fraction of 30 percent is added2O2And (4) carrying out alkali oxygen treatment for 70 minutes. Then the mixture is taken out and washed to be neutral by hot water, and is put into 13g/L softener solution for 30 minutes at 40 ℃. And taking out the fibers after the softening is finished, and naturally drying the fibers.
Through detection, the average diameter of the bamboo fiber at the tabasheer obtained in the example is 75 μm, the average length is 165mm, and the average breaking strength is 238 MPa; the average diameter of the bamboo fiber at the green part of the bamboo is 103 mu m, the average length is 250mm, and the average breaking strength is 645 MPa.
Example 3
Removing bamboo joints from 500g of two-year-old Sagittaria sagittifolia bamboo chips, brushing the inner and outer surfaces of the bamboo chips in clear water for several times by using a common plastic brush, weighing 3000mL of distilled water, pouring the distilled water into a soaking container, adding 170g of NaOH and 6g of Na2SO313g of JFC penetrating agent are evenly stirred, and the bamboo chips are put into the solution to be soaked for 27 hours at normal temperature; then taking out and putting into a normal pressure cooking container, adding clear water, boiling for 1.5 hours at normal pressure, taking out bamboo chips after cooling, longitudinally separating bamboo green and bamboo yellow from the bamboo chips along fibers by using a cutter, soaking the fibers at the bamboo green part in the original alkali liquor for 4 hours, then cooking for 1 hour at normal pressure, rolling the fibers into a loose state by using a pair of rollers with smooth surfaces (the acting force is 120N) like the fibers at the bamboo yellow part, carding by using a sharp and dense card wire, removing connectors and impurities among the fibers, enabling the fibers to be similar to single fibers, and naturally drying; then, the primarily extracted tabasheer fibers are subjected to chemical refining treatment, 20g of tabasheer fibers are weighed, 800mL of water is weighed, 1.3g of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid is weighed, the mixture is heated to 75 ℃ after being added, the fibers are added for treatment, the fibers are cooled after 40 minutes, and the fibers are taken out and washed for 3 times by 60 ℃ hot water until the fibers are neutral. 800mL of water are weighed again, and 6.4g of NaOH and Na are added2SO30.6g、Na2SiO30.4g、Na5P3O40.4g of urea and 0.4g of urea are evenly stirred, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃, fibers at the tabasheer are added for degumming, the temperature is raised to 90 ℃ after the fibers are boiled in alkali for 30 minutes, and then 18.7g of H with the mass fraction of 30 percent is added2O2And alkali-oxygen treatment for 60 minutes. Then the mixture is taken out and washed to be neutral by hot water, and is put into 15g/L softener solution for 30 minutes at 40 ℃. And taking out the fibers after the softening is finished, and naturally drying the fibers.
Through detection, the average diameter of the bamboo fiber at the tabasheer obtained by the example is 73 micrometers, the average length is 158mm, and the average breaking strength is 220 MPa; the average diameter of the bamboo fiber at the green part of the bamboo is 102 mu m, the average length is 225mm, and the average breaking strength is 670 MPa.
Claims (3)
1. An extraction process of bamboo fiber, which adopts the following processes:
the process flow is as follows: pretreatment → alkali liquor soaking 1 → atmospheric pressure cooking → separation of bamboo green and bamboo yellow: the method comprises the following steps of (1) tabasheer → rolling → combing → drying → pickling → hot water washing to neutrality → alkali oxygen treatment → hot water washing to neutrality → softening treatment → drying → tabasheer fiber-; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the pretreatment process is that each bamboo joint in the long bamboo chips is removed, and then white scraps and impurities on the bamboo chips are cleaned by a brush in clear water;
the alkali liquor soaking 1 and 2 comprises soaking cleaned bamboo chips in alkali liquor at room temperature, wherein the alkali liquor is NaOH or Na2SO3Mixed solution of JFC penetrant, NaOH concentration is 40-70g/L, JFC penetrant concentration is 3-5g/L, Na2SO3The concentration is 2-3g/L, the soaking time in the working procedure 1 is 24-30 hours, the soaking time in the working procedure 2 is 3-5 hours, and the solution is the soaking solution in the working procedure 1;
the normal pressure cooking process comprises the following steps: putting the soaked bamboo chips into a normal-pressure cooking container to cook for 1-2 hours;
the process for separating the bamboo green and the bamboo yellow comprises the following steps: taking out the cooked bamboo chips, splitting the bamboo chips into two parts from the middle by a cutter along the longitudinal direction of the bamboo chips, wherein the parts close to the bamboo green are collectively called bamboo green, and the parts close to the tabasheer are collectively called tabasheer;
the rolling process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that separated bamboo outer skin and bamboo inner skin pass through a pair of pressurizing rollers with smooth surfaces respectively, the acting force is 100 and 200N, and fibers connected together are dispersed by means of physical and mechanical action, so that the subsequent carding process is facilitated;
the carding process comprises the following steps: repeatedly carding the rolled tabasheer fiber bundles and the rolled bamboo green fiber bundles into single fiber shapes under the unidirectional acting force of a sharp and dense carding needle;
the pickling process comprises the following steps: soaking bamboo yellow fiber in 1-1.5g/L H2SO4The solution is put for 40 to 60 minutes at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃;
the hot water washing to neutrality process comprises the following steps: washing fibers at the tabasheer position to be neutral by water with the temperature of 50-70 ℃;
the softening treatment process is to soak fibers at the tabasheer part by using 10-15g/L TDSL-2005A type softening agent for 30-60 minutes at 30-50 ℃;
the alkali-oxygen treatment process comprises placing fibers at the bamboo yellow in prepared alkali solution, wherein the concentration of NaOH is 6-8g/L, and Na is2SO3、Na2SiO3、Na5P3O4The urea assistant accounts for 2-3% of the dry weight of the fiber, the bath ratio is 1: 30-1: 50, the alkali boiling temperature is 70-80 ℃, after the alkali boiling is carried out for 30-40min, the temperature is raised to 90-100 ℃, and 6-8g/L H is added2O2And treating with alkali oxygen for 60-90 min.
2. The process for extracting bamboo fiber according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo sheets are split into two parts by a cutter after the bamboo green and the bamboo yellow are soaked in alkali solution and cooked under normal pressure in the bamboo green and the bamboo yellow separation process, the extracted bamboo fiber at the bamboo yellow position is further chemically treated and is suitable for textile raw materials, and the bamboo fiber at the bamboo green position is directly suitable for bamboo-plastic composite raw materials.
3. Bamboo fiber directly obtained by the method for producing bamboo fiber according to claim 1 or 2, the main parameters of which are: the diameter of the bamboo fiber at the bamboo yellow part is 40-100 μm, the length is 200-300mm, and the breaking strength is 200-500 MPa; the diameter of the bamboo fiber at the green part of the bamboo is 80-130 μm, the length is 200-300mm, and the breaking strength is 400-1000 MPa.
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