CN1061485C - Interconnection system for transmitting power between electrical systems - Google Patents

Interconnection system for transmitting power between electrical systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1061485C
CN1061485C CN 96191267 CN96191267A CN1061485C CN 1061485 C CN1061485 C CN 1061485C CN 96191267 CN96191267 CN 96191267 CN 96191267 A CN96191267 A CN 96191267A CN 1061485 C CN1061485 C CN 1061485C
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China
Prior art keywords
electric power
power system
rotor
resolver
power
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CN 96191267
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1166242A (en
Inventor
M·A·伦科尔
E·V·拉森
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/34—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between networks of substantially different frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/18—Rotary transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1828—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepwise control, the possibility of switching in or out the entire compensating arrangement not being considered as stepwise control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K47/00—Dynamo-electric converters
    • H02K47/18—AC/AC converters
    • H02K47/22—Single-armature frequency converters with or without phase-number conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K47/00—Dynamo-electric converters
    • H02K47/18—AC/AC converters
    • H02K47/22—Single-armature frequency converters with or without phase-number conversion
    • H02K47/26—Single-armature frequency converters with or without phase-number conversion operating as under- or over-synchronously running asynchronous induction machines, e.g. cascade arrangement of asynchronous and synchronous machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/48—Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

An electrical interconnection system (100) comprises a variable frequency rotary transformer (102) and a control system (104). The control system (104) adjusts an angular position of the rotary transformer (102) so that mesured power (P1) transferred from a first electrical system (22) to a second electrical system (24) matches an inputted order power (P0). The rotary transformer (102) comprises a rotor assembly (110) and a stator (112), with the control system (104) adjusting a time integral of rotor speed over time. The control system (104) includes a first control unit (107) and a second control unit (108). The first control unit (107) compares the input order power Po to the measured power P1 to generate a requested angular velocity signal omega 0. The second control unit (108) compares the requested angular velocity signal omega 0 to a measured angular velocity signal omega r of the rotary transformer to generate a converter drive signal T 0 to a torque control unit (106), thereby controlling the angular positioning ( theta r) of the rotor assembly (110) relative to the stator (112). In various embodiments, the torque control unit (106) is integrated in the rotor assembly (110) and stator (112) of the rotary transformer (102).

Description

The interconnection system that is used for through-put power between two electric power systems
The application is 08/426201 in the sequence number of April 21 nineteen ninety-five application is called that by Mark A.Runkle the part of the U.S. Patent application of " being used to have the interconnection system of the electric power system of different electrical characteristics " continues, and with simultaneously the application sequence number be 08/__, _ _ (agent registration number 17-GE-5528) it is relevant that name is called the U.S. Patent application of " the asynchronous conversion method and apparatus that uses in conjunction with the variable-ratio hydraulic generator ", and the two is incorporated herein can be for reference.
Background of invention
1. invention field
The present invention relates to the control of electric power transmission, particularly the control of the through-put power between each electric power system.
2. correlation technique and other
Some power transformer for example can only change voltage with the transformer such as the autotransformer of transformation tap.Some transformers in addition, promptly so-called static phase shifter can be according to angle of torsion transfer power and through-put power.
The transformer that only changes voltage and static phase shifter for operate in two electric power systems under the identical frequency interconnect or for may being enough at industrial corporation's internal transmission power.Yet these transformers can not connect two electric power systems that operate in different frequency (for example transmitting electricity) between industrial corporation.
A lot of areas are arranged in the world, and wherein interconnecting between each electric power system needs a kind of asynchronous contact link.For some such zone, each electric power system has different nominal frequency (for example, 60 hertz and 50 hertz).Even for the interconnection of other system with same nominal frequency, also there is not a kind of device of practicality, foundation has enough synchronous contact links of strong ability, so that can stably move under the operational mode of interconnection.
Be used to realize that the popular technology of the asynchronous interlinkage between electric power system is high voltage direct current (HDVC) conversion.
Fig. 8 is the single line schematic diagram that schematically illustrates the HDVC interconnection system 820 of prior art.Fig. 8 represents first or electric power system 822 (electric power system of AC for example #1) and second or the interconnection system 820 that be connected by electric system 824 (electric power system of AC for example #2).AC electric power system #1 utilizes circuit 826 to be connected to interconnection system 820, and in described example, being used for incoming frequency is F 1Three phase input signals of (F1 is the frequency of electric power system 822).It is the three-phase output signal of F2 to the frequency that is subjected to electric system 824 that interconnection system 820 utilize circuit 828 to be connected to be subjected to electric system 824, circuit 824 to be loaded with by interconnection system 820.
HVDC interconnection system 820 among Fig. 8 comprises the DC contact link 830 of (back to back) the back-to-back connection that is located between bus 832 and 834.Bus 832 is connected to supply line 826 and reactive power compensation bus 842.Bus 834 is connected to circuit 828 and reactive power compensation bus 844 in a similar manner.
Each side of the DC contact link 830 that connects back-to-back comprises that two transformers are (for example at the transformer YY and the Y △ of first system side; Transformer YY and △ Y in second system side) and one 12 pulse converter groups.As shown in FIG. 8, this 12 pulse converter group that is used to get in touch with first side of link 830 comprises two 6 pulse converter groups 850 and 852; This 12 pulse converter group that is used to get in touch with second side of link 830 comprises two 6 pulse converter groups 860 and 862.As 3 group expressions mutually, each current transformer group comprises 6 thyristors, and its connected mode is that person skilled in the art are known.One flat wave filter 864 is connected between current transformer group 850 and 860.
Also expression has the reactive power feed system 870 and 880 that is connected respectively to reactive power compensation bus 842 and 844 in Fig. 8.Reactive power feed system 870 comprises and utilizes switch 872 to be connected to the shunt reactor 871 on the bus 842 and utilize switch 874A, 874B and 874C to be connected to filter branches 873A, 873B and 873C on the bus 842 respectively.Similarly, reactive power feed system 880 comprises and utilizes switch 882 to be connected to the shunt reactor 881 on the bus 844 and utilize switch 884A, 884B and 884C to be connected to filter branches 883A, 883B, the 883C of bus 844 respectively.Though, expression be three such filter branches 873A-873C and 883A-883C, should be understood that the filter branches that in each reactive power feed system 870,880, can comprise greater number.
For any specific I VDC device, reactive power feed system for example system 870 and 880 is difficult to design and is that expense is very high.Moreover, use a large amount of switch elements that must be in earnest match with given power grade.Various restrictions have been applied simultaneously, for example keep the operating index of harmonic wave to be lower than required numerical value (being the harmonic operation index) and also will to keep reactive power between limit value, along with the filter in the frequent at any time switch transition system 870 and 880 of variable power.About these restrictions consult (for example) Larsen and Miller in April, 1989 at IEEE T﹠amp; D Conference, " technical stipulation that is used for the AC filter of HVDC system " on the New Orleans.
Owing to for example need harmonic, control and reactive power compensation cooperation nearly, so HVDC is complicated.In addition, when the capacity of the AC of either side electric power system will hang down than the rated power of HVDC, the operating index of HVDC was restricted.In addition, need very big space owing to having a large amount of high-voltage switch gears and bank of filters, HVDC to have to.
The rotary current transformer of prior art adopts Two Stages, has the generator of definite value in full and the motor of definite value in full on same axle.Rotary current transformer adopts by AC to DC with by the Power Conversion of DC to AC.Yet, this rotary current transformer can not be under different frequencies directly by AC to the AC conversion.In addition, rotary current transformer is according to a kind of predetermined rotating speed (under hundreds of or several thousand RPM) running continuously, and in fact itself is as motor operation.Thereby the rotary current transformer of prior art can not solve the problem of the electric power system of two interconnection according to different separately frequency distribution scope random walks.
In a kind of diverse technical field, there is a document to introduce a kind of dissimilar " motor synchronizing " drive unit that is used for SPEED CONTROL OF MOTOR.Consult Puchstein, Llody and Conrad by John Wiley ﹠amp; Sons Inc, the 425-428 page or leaf, particularly Figure 27 on 428 pages 5 of the 3rd edition " alternating current machine " that New-York publishes; And by the Kron work by John Wiley ﹠amp; Sons, the 150-163 page or leaf, particularly Fig. 9 .5a on 156 pages of " equivalent electric circuit of motor " that Inc.New York publishes.The document has only been enumerated different motor synchronizing drive units in the content of SPEED CONTROL OF MOTOR, promptly by relative velocity between motor and generator is regulated the control motor speed.Yet the bandwidth of differential type motor synchronizing drive unit is lower, effectively the vibration of damping motor.
Summary of the invention
Electrical interconnection of the present invention system comprises a resolver (rotary transformer) and a control system.This control system is regulated the position, angle of resolver, so that measured being complementary by the power and the input instruction power of first electric power system to second electric power system transmission.This resolver comprises rotor assembly and stator, utilizes control system to be adjusted in the integration of certain hour scope internal rotor speed to the time.
Control system comprises first control device and second control device.The instruction power that first control device will be imported is compared with the power of measurement, so that produce required angular velocity signal.The second control device angular velocity signal that resolver is required is compared with measured angular velocity signal, so that produce converter (converter) drive signal, controls the angle position of rotor assembly with respect to stator whereby.
This resolver comprises the rotor that is connected to first electric power system and is connected to the stator of second electric power system.Torque control unit or tractor are in response to the drive signal rotor that is produced by control system.
Select the bandwidth of control system to make it the various vibrations of damping (natural oscillation of rotor, this rotor comprises the reaction to its place transmission network) like this.The bandwidth of first (at a slow speed) control device selects to be lower than minimum natural mode shape; The bandwidth of second (fast) control device selects to be higher than the highest natural mode shape.The used here control device or the bandwidth of control system are meant the response speed of closed-loop feedback arrangement or system.
First and second electric power systems can have different electric property (for example frequency or phase place).Controller control resolver moves with variable velocity by bidirectional mode, in order to by first electric power system to the second electric power system through-put power, perhaps opposite (promptly by second electric power system to the first electric power system through-put power).
In certain embodiments, torque control unit (tractor) is a motor.In such embodiments, torque control unit or direct driving rotor perhaps are connected with rotor through geared system.In a certain embodiments, this geared system is a worm and gear device.
In further embodiments, torque control unit is attached among the rotor assembly of resolver and the stator in aggregates.In more such embodiment, the realization of the function of torque control unit is to utilize two groups of windings that are provided with on rotor and stator, is different from the number of poles (for example 4 utmost points or more multipole) of second group of winding on rotor and stator at the number of poles (for example 2 utmost points) of first group of winding on rotor and the stator.Wherein the torque control unit rotor assembly and the embodiment in the stator that are attached to resolver comprises cage type induction motor embodiment; DC excitation rotor (synchronously) embodiment and AC phase-wound rotor embodiment.
Interconnection system of the present invention can adopt in a transformer station, in order to connect two asynchronous electric power systems, for example has first and second electrical networks of different electric frequencies.Interconnection system of the present invention is through-put power not only, but also regulates power apace by the phase shift of realization bringing onto load.
In the present invention, the machine torque of control resolver is to realize by the power of stator winding to rotor winding transfer instruction.The present invention is different from prior art, and prior art control is for the torque (and therefore control its rotating speed) of control action in load by rotor to the stator winding through-put power.In addition, in the present invention, in order to transmit full power, rotor and stator winding are specified, and in the application of prior art, the rotor winding is very little ratio of stator winding.
Importantly, the present invention need make the warm cooperation of harmonic, control and reactive power compensation unlike prior art HVDC.The present invention also realizes a step conversion expediently.
The accompanying drawing summary
By to the following more detailed introduction of each preferred embodiment of expression in the accompanying drawings, will make above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention, feature, advantage become more obvious, in the accompanying drawings, in various views, use identical label for identical part.Accompanying drawing need not in proportion, but emphasizes principle of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of electrical interconnection system according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2 is the partial schematic diagram of the system of electrical interconnection according to an embodiment of the invention that represents with fragmentary, perspective view,
Fig. 3 A is the end view that adopts the electrical interconnection system of worm and gear device according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 3 B is the vertical view of the electrical interconnection system among Fig. 3 A,
Fig. 4 one is used for the schematic diagram of transformer station that first electric power system and second electric power system are electrically connected mutually,
Fig. 5 is the curve chart that the torque control of expression electrical interconnection of the present invention system requires,
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the capacity curve of expression electrical interconnection of the present invention system,
Fig. 7 is the schematic top plan view of an embodiment, and wherein, torque control unit is in conjunction with being assembled among the rotor assembly and stator of resolver.
Fig. 7 A is the schematic top plan view of an embodiment, and wherein, torque control unit is in conjunction with among the rotor assembly and stator that are assembled in the resolver that forms by the cage type induction motor structure.
Fig. 7 B is the schematic top plan view of an embodiment, and wherein a torque control unit is in conjunction with among the rotor assembly and stator that are assembled in the resolver that forms with rotor (synchronous mode) structure of DC excitation.
Fig. 7 C is the schematic top plan view of an embodiment, and wherein a torque control unit is in conjunction with among the rotor assembly and stator that are assembled in the resolver that forms with AC wound rotor structure.
Fig. 8 is a HVDC interconnection system as prior art that schematically illustrates with line chart.
Fig. 9 is the schematic vector diagram of the phase vectors of expression interconnection system of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing describes in detail
Fig. 1 represents an electrical interconnection system 100, comprises a variable-frequency transformer 102 and a control system 104.With reference to the more detailed introduction of Fig. 2, variable-frequency transformer 102 utilizes three-phase line RA, RB, RC (being included in the circuit 26) to be connected to an AC electric power system 22 and utilizes three-phase line SA, SB and SC (being included in the circuit 28) is connected to the 2nd AC electric power system 24 as following.As explained later, first electric power system can have or have probably different electrical characteristics, for example different electric frequencies with second electric power system.
As shown in fig. 1, variable-frequency resolver 102 comprises a resolver assembly 105 and torque control unit 106 (being also referred to as the rotor driven part).Contact Fig. 2 introduces the details of resolver assembly 105 and torque control unit 106 in more detail below.
Also as shown in FIG. 1, control system 104 comprises a slow power control device 107, quick speed control unit 108 and power transducer 109.The connection of slow power control device 107 is to receive from the voltage V1 of an AC electric power system 22 via line 26 transmission and the voltage V2 that transmits to the 2nd AC electric power system 24 via line 28, and the measurement power P of (through power transducer 109) representative road along the line 26 transmissions 1Signal.The connection of slow power control device 107 also is received power command input signals P 0With to quick speed control unit 108 output signal ω 0 Speed control unit 108 is successively by velocity transducer 111 received signal ω fast r, and to torque control unit 106 output drive signal T 0
As more detailed expression in Fig. 2, resolver assembly 105 comprises rotor assembly 110 and 112 liang of sides of stator.Rotor assembly 110 comprises collector ring 114 (also claiming slip ring) and rotor mouse cage part 116.Three-phase line RA, the RB, the RC that are attracted by an AC electric power system 22 are connected on the collector ring 114, and three-phase line SA, the SB and the SC that guide to the 2nd AC electric power system 24 are connected to stator H2.Rotor assembly 110 has a velocity transducer 111 near the rotor assembly installation, is used to produce the angular velocity signal ω of expression rotor velocity r
As represented in Fig. 2 and by in the art the skilled person understood, in the embodiment shown, resolver assembly 105 is wound with rotor winding that is designated as RA+, RC-, RB+, RA-, RC+ and RB-and the stator winding that is designated as SA+, SC-, SB+, SA-, SC+ and SB-by 60 ° of facies tracts.Should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the mode by 60 ° of facies tract coilings, on the contrary, principle of the present invention is applicable to two-phase or more heterogeneous resolver assembly.
Rotor assembly 110 can be around its axis RX CW and two-way rotation of CCW counterclockwise along clockwise direction.Utilize rotor driven part 106 to make rotor assembly 110 rotations.
Rotor driven part 106 is to schematically illustrate according to the cylindrical part of installing on rotor assembly 110 in Fig. 2.Therefore, the rotor driven part 106 in Fig. 2 is described as making the dissimilar driving mechanism of the various interchanges of rotor assembly 110 rotations usually.In certain embodiments, rotor driven part 106 comprises a tractor and the link gear (for example gear) of some type of being connected with rotor assembly 110.For example, in one embodiment, rotor driven part 106 comprises as at worm gearing as shown in Fig. 3 A and the 3B and that hereinafter discuss.In another embodiment, rotor driven part 106 comprises a tractor, as stepping motor through spider gear (for example spur gear) generation effect, orientation drive makes in the hydraulic pressure tractor of the gear operation on the rotor assembly 10 or makes the pneumatic tractor of gear operation on rotor assembly 10.In Fig. 7, summarize among the other embodiment of expression, realize torque control unit (function that for example element 106 "), the number of poles (for example 2 utmost points) that has at rotor and first group of winding on the stator is different with the number of poles (for example 4 utmost points or more) of second group of winding on rotor and stator by on rotor and stator, being provided with two groups of windings.Therefore, can adopt any suitable driving mechanism, as long as can be compatible mutually with the position, angle of the closed-loop control of rotor assembly 110 described here for rotor driven part 106.
Control system 104 is pressed bidirectional mode control rotor assembly 110 (by rotor driven part 106), in order to by an AC electric power system 22 to second electric power system, 24 through-put powers, perhaps opposite.In the course of the work, the control personnel are according to predetermined predetermined power transmission requirement of arranging between AC electric power system 22 and 24, setting power command input signals P 0Setting power command input signals P 0Can be by in control control panel of personnel operation or work station CP place action button or regulate the input data and realize, so that produce the signal P of the power that representative instructs 0In specific embodiment shown in Figure 1, control panel CP is away from interconnection system 100.
Slow power control device 107 is with this power instruction input signal P 0With measured power delivery signal P 1Compare, so that produce required angular velocity signal ω 0Measured power delivery signal P 1Utilize power transducer 109 to obtain by three-phase line 26.Power transducer 109 can be how in the art skilled person's easy to understand obtains signal P 1The various metrical instruments of routine in a kind of.
In described embodiment, slow power control device 107 is integrators, and it measures instruction power signal P 0With measured power signal P 1Between poor (be P 0-P 1), and this result imported an integrating function element, so that produce required angular velocity signal ω 0 Slow power controller 107 has very low gain, with the interference (hereinafter introducing) that prevents to bring by the intrinsic dynamic characteristic of AC system of 3 radian per seconds generation usually.
First speed control 108 receives required angular velocity signal ω 0With the angular velocity signal ω that measures rAs previously mentioned, required angular velocity signal ω 0Produce by slow controller 107.The angular velocity signal ω that measures rObtain by velocity transducer 111.Fast controller 108 produces drive signal and (is also referred to as torque instruction signal T on circuit 134 0), so that make ω rNear equaling ω 0Person skilled in the art understand what use is made of signal ω rAnd ω 0Produce drive signal T 0, control is as the quick motor drive of the routine of speed control 108.
Therefore, speed control 108 moves so that regulate the drive signal T that road 134 along the line transfers to torque control unit 106 fast 0, make the actual speed ω of rotor assembly 110 rThe rotational speed omega of trace command 0The bandwidth of the closed-loop control of fast controller 108 should surpass the highest natural mode shape of rotor assembly 110, and comprising the reaction of rotor assembly to the transmission network that includes rotor assembly, this bandwidth is usually less than 100 radian per seconds.
Usually, the scope of intrinsic frequency of oscillation to 50 radian per seconds, and is generally less than 30 radian per seconds from about 3 radian per seconds.With bandwidth (response speed) associated of quick speed control 108, in described embodiment, by command speed ω 0The actual speed ω that changes to rotor assembly 110 rThe phase lag that forms for sinusoidal perturbation less than 90 °.The bandwidth that guarantees this response will guarantee that again control system makes all these natural mode shapes will be subjected to useful damping again.
The drive signal T on road 134 along the line 0Directivity (for example polarity) depend on power circuit direction (for example depend on power be from AC electric power system 22 to AC electric power system 24 transmission, perhaps opposite).Utilize the drive signal T of road along the line 134 transmission by rotor driven part 106 0Amplitude increase and decrease the rotating speed of this rotor assembly 110 so that adapt with the difference on the frequency of AC electric power system 22 and AC electric power system 24.
As shown in Figure 2, the drive signal T on the circuit 134 0Offer torque control amplifier 150.Provide electric energy by torque control power supply 152 to torque control amplifier 150, whereby, utilize the drive signal T on the line 134 0, torque control amplifier 150 is to torque control unit 106 output three-phase signal TA, TB and TC.As at this paper and general in the art, TA totally refers to TA+ and TA-, and TB totally refers to TB+ and TB-.And so on.
Fig. 9 is a reference phase vector V one to one RefThe phase vectors schematic diagram of being painted.Fig. 9 represents to represent the voltage V at AC electric power system 22 places 1The voltage-phase vector V 1, be illustrated in the voltage V at AC electric power system 24 places 2The voltage-phase vector V 2And the AC voltage on circuit 26 is with reference to phase vectors V RefPhase angle theta 1, the AC voltage on circuit 28 is with reference to phase vectors V RefPhase angle theta 2And θ rIn Fig. 2, also represented the angle position θ of rotor assembly 110 with respect to stator 112 r, be appreciated that as RA+ and SA+ just in time in a straight line the time θ according to common practice rBe zero.
The purpose of interconnection system 100 is to make the rotating speed and position, the angle θ of variable-frequency transformer 102 rFormation can be by between AC electric power system 22 and AC electric power system 24 the required power of interconnection system 100 transmission (that is, by instruction power signal P 0Specified).In fact, interconnection system 100 pilot angle θ r(see figure 9), the power signal P that makes measurement 1And instruction power signal P 0Be complementary.Drive signal T on circuit 134 0Be used to regulate the relative angle θ of rotor assembly 110 with respect to stator 112 r, make that the rotating speed of resolver 102 and angle can be by the performance number through-put powers of instruction.
Power by interconnection system 100 transmission is by equation 1 approximate representation:
P 1=V 1V 2Sin (θ 1-θ 2+ θ r)/X 12(1) wherein, P 1Be power by interconnection system 100;
V 1It is the voltage value on the circuit 26;
V 2It is the voltage value on the circuit 28;
θ rBe with reference to this reference phase vector V RefCircuit 26 on the AC voltage phase angle;
θ 2Be with reference to this reference phase vector V RefCircuit 28 on the phase angle of AC voltage;
θ rIt is the phase angle of rotor assembly 110 relative stator;
X 12It is the total electric current between circuit 26 and 28.
Theoretic maximum transmission power that may pass through interconnection system 100 along each direction is arranged.Obtain the absolute value of this theoretic through-put power by equation 2:
P MAX=V 1V 2／X 12 (2)
As effective angle θ along a direction NetProduce this situation when being bordering on 90 °, be understood that by equation 3
θ net=θ 1-θ 2+θ r=±90° (3)
For stable operation, angle θ NetAbsolute value must be significantly less than 90 °, this means that through-put power will be limited to the theoretic peaked a certain percentage value that is provided by equation 2.In this scope, through-put power is followed a monotone variation to this effective angle and is bordering on linear relation, can use equation 4 approximate representations:
P 1=P MAXθ net (4)
The phase angle of the AC voltage shown in Fig. 9 is determined the integration of time by the correspondent voltage frequency, and the angle of rotor assembly 110 is determined the integration of time by rotating speed, as represented by equation (5):
P 1≌P MAx[∫(ω 1(t)-ω 2(t))dt+∫(ω r(t))dt] (5)
ω wherein 1(t) be as the electric voltage frequency on the circuit 26 of the function of time;
ω 2(t) be as the electric voltage frequency on the circuit 28 of the function of time;
ω r(t) be frequency as the rotor assembly 110 of the function of time.
Therefore, the power of transmission directly be subjected to rotor assembly 110 axle speed in the certain hour scope to the influence of the integration of time.This specific character makes by measuring through-put power P 1And regulate for axle speed (ω 0) command value can realize the control loop of power adjustments of the present invention.Keep below the minimum frequency of oscillation (being usually less than 3 radian per seconds) of this system well by the bandwidth that makes this power governor, with the target call that can not sacrifice the rotor oscillating damping vibration attenuation.
Surpass the limit value that calculates according to the voltage of measuring when the power of measuring, utilize the function link of quick power-limiting, so that replace conventional slow power adjuster.This limit value is a certain percentage value of maximum power in theory by equation 6 expressions:
P LIMIT=F LIMITP MAX(6) P wherein LIMITBe limit power (being applicable to either direction);
F LIMITAdmissible maximum percentage value for theoretic performance number.
Here the phase place that is adopted refers to the phase place of electricity.If number of poles is more than two, the mechanical angle and the correlation between the electrical degree of rotor assembly 110 are:
Mechanical angle=2/ number of poles * electrical degree
By making rotor assembly 110 relative stator 120 own move formation phase shift.The position, angle of rotor assembly 110 can be kept leading or hysteresis according to wish.Form phase shift by changing rotor angle location, and therefore regulate the respectively mutual inductance between the phase of interconnection system 100.
The number of poles of resolver 105 (NP) depends on the parameter of system, for example number of the air gap that may have usually.Yet, the number of poles of system (NP) for as the mechanical angle number of degrees (NMD) of the required rotor angular displacement of the certain power of electric difference on the frequency (EFD) transmission of the appointment represented by expression formula NMD=2*EFD/NP can exert an influence.Therefore, high number of poles (high NP) can greatly reduce in order to form the number of degrees (NMD) of the required mechanical angle displacement of this electricity phase shift.For example ,-30 ° to the phase shift of+30 ° electricity for by the motor of the rotor of 30 utmost point coilings corresponding-2 ° to+2 ° the number of degrees of mechanical angle displacement only.Because reduce the mechanical angle that needs displacement, required active force can greatly reduce, and is perhaps opposite, in order to form required angular displacement, greatly increases the response time.
Fig. 3 A and 3B represent to have specific rotor driven part (torque control unit) 106 ' the interconnection system 100 of transmission electric power.Rotor driven part 106 ' employing has been adopted the servo-actuating device (for example stepping motor) as a kind of worm and gear device of tractor in addition as a kind of worm and gear device 160 that is meshed with rotor spider gear 162 of linkage.In addition, Fig. 3 A and 3B have represented to utilize the concrete mounting structure of the rotor assembly 110 of specific thrust and journal bearing 170 and top journal bearing 172, and these bearings are convenient to make rotor assembly 110 in place and rotations.Rotor driven part 106 ' advantage be the self-locking often of this worm and gear drive unit.Do not rotate as coupled servo-actuating device 164, rotor assembly 110 meeting latched positions reach till 360 ° up to electric phase error.At this moment, the transformation of protectiveness will make interconnection system 110 be in off-line state.
As mentioned above, in a further embodiment, adopted the mechanism of other type for rotor driven part 106.Although the rotor driven part 106 among Fig. 3 A and the 3B ' make rotor assembly 110 and worm and gear device 160 form a kind of hard connections, this hard connection is not essential for other embodiment.For example, in one embodiment, one torque spring/damper system is between worm and gear device 160 and rotor assembly 110, so that regulate mechanical dynamics property.In a kind of like this system, the rotor driven part 106 ' formation phase shift (for example 20 ° of electrical degrees) based on the worm and gear device then makes the combination of electric energy and mechanical energy be regulated, so as with the time constant fit of feed load.Consequently to the even input power of electricity consumption side with make system loading stable.
Fig. 7 A, 7B and 7C represent totally the various embodiments of the rotor driven part represented by Fig. 7, and this this execution mode is respectively according to rotor driven part 106 " A, 106 " B with 106 " C represents.Each embodiment that Fig. 7 A, 7B and 7C represent, rotor driven wherein partly is integrated in the rotor assembly 110 and stator 112 in the resolver 110.Specifically be that Fig. 7 A represents cage type induction motor embodiment; Fig. 7 B represents DC excitation rotor (synchronized model) embodiment, and Fig. 7 C represents the embodiment of AC phase-wound rotor.
Consult the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A, 7B and the 7C below, " C has correspondingly all adopted 2 utmost point rotor/stator configuration in 4 utmost point rotor/stator configuration inside to this rotor driven part 106 " A, 106 " B and 106.In these embodiments, can find out rotor assembly 110 and " have 2 identical utmost point rotor windings (the rotor winding crested that these are common) as shown in FIG. 2 along its neighboring.In addition, the littler radius in center of rotor assembly 110 " have 84 utmost point rotor windings (position is in 2 utmost point rotor windings than crested, 4 utmost point rotor windings apart from rotor assembly 110 ")." periphery has identical two-pole stator winding, (these also cresteds of common stator winding) as shown in Figure 2 to stator 112 within it.In addition, the bigger radius in center of stator 112 " have 84 utmost point stator winding (position is in 2 utmost point stator winding than crested, 4 utmost point stator winding apart from rotor assembly 110 ").In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A, 7B and the 7C, 4 utmost point stator winding are connected to circuit TA+, TB+, TC+, TA-, TB-and the TC-that is drawn by torque control amplifier 150, and are connected on the RA shown in Fig. 2, RB, RC, SA, SB, the SC.
In the squirrel-cage embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A, 4 utmost point rotor windings itself are by short circuit, thereby form a squirrel-cage induction motor.
In the embodiment of the DC excitation rotor formula (synchronous mode) shown in Fig. 7 B, speed control unit 108 produces another and is provided to the signal Efd0 (magnetic field voltage) of excitation amplifier 700B.Excitation amplifier 700B obtains power supply by field power supply 702B, and to slip ring assembly 114B output signal DC+ and DC-with 2 slip rings.Can understand the orientation of the slip ring in slip ring assembly 114B by the collector ring among Fig. 2 114.
In the embodiment of AC wound rotor formula shown in Figure 7, speed control unit 108 produces another and is provided to the signal TR0 (rotor current signal) of rotor-exciting amplifier 700C.On 3 slip rings that three-phase signal TRA, TRB that rotor-exciting amplifier 700C produces and TRC are provided to slip ring assembly 114C.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A, 7B and the 7C, for the magnetic flux of the air gap (between rotor and stator) of 4 electrode structures, its rotation only is for 1/2nd of the speed of the air-gap flux of 2 electrode structures.Therefore, 4 utmost point magnetic fluxs are zero for the mean value that influences of 2 electrode structures, and one " pulsation " value is only arranged.In other words, if the magnetic flux of 2 electrode structures according to 1 hertz of rotation, the magnetic flux of 4 electrode structures is according to 0.5 hertz of rotation, 2 plate structures it will be appreciated that 0.5 hertz ripple frequency.
Though what the embodiment among Fig. 7 A, 7B and the 7C represented is 2 utmost points and 4 electrode structures, should be appreciated that second kind of structure can to increase by two kinds of ripple frequencies between the structure, make pulsation keep lower more than 4 utmost points (number of poles that for example increases by two kinds of structures is poor).
According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A, 7B and the 7C, utilize two groups of windings (2 utmost point windings and 4 utmost point windings) to control average torque respectively.For example, the connected mode of pressing among Fig. 7 is represented, and 4 utmost point windings can be used for realizing the identical function of the torque control unit 106 (being also referred to as the rotor driven part) of Fig. 2.
Though saved slip ring expediently, the squirrel-cage embodiment among Fig. 7 A as can be seen, average torque is produced by " S " winding on the stator 112 and " T " winding.Thereby control device 108 must be able to make these two parts come into force, and these are that person skilled in the art are easy to understand and understand and how to solve.
Fig. 4 is illustrated in the situation that comprises electrical interconnection of the present invention system 100 in the transformer station 200.Transformer station interconnects first electric power system 222 and second electric power system, 224 electric going up.Should be understood that first electric power system 222 (mark is made AC electric power system #1) has different electrical characteristics with second electric power system 224 (mark is made AC electric power system #2).What represent in Fig. 4 is, two system/ power stations 222 and 224 for example are operated in 230 kilovolts.Should be appreciated that and to adopt other suitable voltage in other embodiments.
The power that provided by system 222 among Fig. 4 is through power capacitor 230 (20 megavar) the input transformer station 200 of series connection, and (GSU) transformer 232 that boosts of the generator through 100 megavolt-amperes is dropped to 15 kilovolts by 230 kilovolts then.Be provided to the variable-frequency transformer 102 of interconnection system 100 from the power road 234 along the line through step-down of transformer 232.As shown in Figure 2, incoming line 234 is actually three-phase line RA, RB and the RC that is connected on the collector ring 114.On rotor assembly 110, set up electric field, and power delivery is to stator 112, again by outlet line 236 transmission of stator 112 along 15 kilovolts.As by what Fig. 2 understood, outlet line 236 is actually three-phase line SA, SB and SC.Boost to 230 kilovolt along the power of outlet line 236 output (GSU) transformer 238 that boosts at the generator of 100 megavolt-amperes by 15 kilovolts by stator 112.Then, by transformer 238 power that boosts is provided to system 224 by the electric power electricity pocket 240 (20 megavar) of connecting.
As by understanding for the above-mentioned place of matchmakers that is included in controller 104 in the transformer station 200 in conjunction with Fig. 2.Both frequencies of control system 104 monitoring systems 224 and system 222, these two frequencies are in the state of moving about because inconsistent each other and have separately frequency range.When the monitoring power circuit, controller 104 produces the drive signal that is used to regulate 110 jiaos of positions of rotor assembly, makes that electrical power can be by system 222 to system's 224 transmission.
According to above-mentioned relation, if system 222 is under 59.9 hertz, system 224 is under 60.1 hertz.For by system 222 to system's 224 through-put powers, interconnection system 100 needs to produce 0.2 hertz variation.For 2 utmost point devices, the rotating speed that must have of resolver 105 will change for per minute 120* (0.2)/1=12.Provide this fact to be, among these frequencies also were in pulsation or move about, resolver 105 also had usually ± 0.50 hertz pulsation, perhaps for the equivalent motor speed range of 2 utmost points by+30 to-30 rev/mins (RPMs).
Fig. 5 is illustrated between the through-put power between the controlling torque and first and second electric power systems and presents linear relationship.In order to import constant power and to keep the constant power-factor of load to motor, formed electromagnetic torque is constant.Along with the increase of slippage between system, make two system coordinate required RPM (ω r) increase, the product of torque and rotating speed is the required power of driver.
Fig. 6 represents the capacity curve of the reality of drive system of the present invention.In Fig. 5, represented the correlation between controlling torque and the through-put power.If breakdown torque is the maximum propulsive force rated value of the transmission of worm and gear device bearing (for example for) of utilizing that the drive unit of a motor type provides, " through-put power " is the thermal rating of motor." through-put power " basically by materials limitations, is subjected to the restriction of the stress of the class of insulation of the winding that can allow or material respectively.
According to the present invention, the machine torque of control resolver is transmitted to the rotor winding by stator winding with the power of realizing instruction.The present invention is compared with the prior art, and prior art control is applied to the torque (and therefore controlling its rotating speed) of load by the power of rotor winding to the stator winding transmission in order to control.In addition, according to the present invention, the rated value of rotor winding and stator winding is suitable for full power transmission, and in prior art is used, and stator winding only is a fraction ratio very of stator winding.
Importantly, the present invention no longer need make the elimination harmonic wave as prior art HVDC.Control and reactive power compensation close coordination cooperate.The present invention also realizes a step conversion expediently.
Advantageously, interconnection system of the present invention 100 is by the control rotor angle r(being the position, angle of rotor assembly 110) carries out continuous phase shift.By the 360 ° of rotations of voltage that make interconnection system, make this system form the very low synchronous converter of a frequency, this interconnection system 100 can be carried out continuous adjusting to electric phase place.In addition, interconnection system 100 can repeatedly produce big angular displacement, so that can realize the phase shift of big electricity under the state that changes power in the big system fast.
Therefore, different with the rotary converter of routine, rotor assembly 110 is not according to the rotation of constant angular speed, but, replace according to the requirement of control system 104 angular speed rotation with continuous variable.In addition, as shown in Figure 2, because rotor assembly 110 CW and CCW rotation counterclockwise along clockwise direction can obtain two-way angular speed.
And typically synchrotrans are according to the angular speed running of the single direction of constant hundreds of or several thousand RPM, and the resolver 105 of interconnection system 100 is usually forward or backwards according to the rotating speed rotation less than 50RPM.
Interconnection system 100 can guarantee accurate and reliable phase shift control, can the tracking frequency drift and in all 4 quadrant inner control phase places of control usefulness.Therefore, interconnection system 100 is through-put power not only, but also can carry phase shift quick adjustment power by realizing band.
Though, on regard to interconnect function and introduce, interconnection system 100 can also be used as energy storage system.Interconnection system 100 can utilize moment of inertia to be used for stored energy, thereby so that on average limit big pulsating load, to similar at the electric lonely smelting furnace existing device that is used for iron and steel processing.
Though, specifically represent and introduced the present invention with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.Person skilled in the art will appreciate that, can carry out various changes aspect formation and the details under the prerequisite that does not break away from design of the present invention and scope.For example, though in the superincumbent introduction, it is to be connected on the collector ring 114 and introduced by the electric power system of electricity to be connected on the stator 112, to be interpreted as that the electric power system of power supply has been introduced, these connections can be undertaken by opposite mode.
Wherein the various embodiments of the present invention to exclusive feature or royalty right proposition claim are defined as follows:

Claims (9)

1. an electrical interconnection system supplies interconnection first and second electric power systems, comprises:
One resolver, its rotor is connected to first electric power system, and its stator is connected to second electric power system;
One controller is used to regulate the position, angle of resolver, thereby makes predetermined electric power be sent to second electric power system from first electric power system,
It is characterized in that this controller is a closed loop angle position control system, the control operation resolver is used for by first electric power system to the second electric power system through-put power.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein, controller comprises:
First control device will be used for the power signal P of an input instruction of through-put power between first electric power system and second electric power system 0With the power signal P that measures 1Compare, produce a required angular velocity signal ω 0
Second control device is with the required angular velocity signal ω of resolver 0With the angular velocity signal ω that measures rCompare, produce a drive signal T 0
3. electrical interconnection according to claim 1 system, wherein, controller is regulated the position, angle of resolver, makes by first electric power system to second electric power system transmission predetermined electric power.
4. system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the bandwidth of controller select can damping natural oscillation in the interconnection system.
5. system according to claim 1, wherein, first electric power system and second electric power system are the first electric power industrial corporation and the second electric power industrial corporations separately.
6. system according to claim 1, wherein it also comprises:
One is connected to the step-down transformer of first electric power system; With
One is connected to the step-up transformer of second electric power system;
7. system according to claim 6, wherein, described rotor is connected to first transformer in step-down transformer and the step-up transformer;
Described stator is connected to second transformer in step-down transformer and the step-up transformer; And interconnection system wherein also comprises a torque control unit that is used for rotor.
8. method that makes two interconnections of power system, this method comprises:
The rotor of one resolver is connected to first electric power system, the stator of resolver is connected to second electric power system;
Regulate the position, angle of resolver, make and can it is characterized in that by first electric power system to second electric power system transmission predetermined electric power:
Adjusting makes it that electric power is carried out from the closed circuit angle position control system that first electric power system is sent to second electric power system by a control resolver.
9. method according to claim 8, described regulating step also comprises:
Will be for the input instruction power signal P of through-put power between first electric power system and second electric power system 0With the power signal P that measures 1Compare, so that produce required angular velocity signal ω 0
The angular velocity signal ω that resolver is required 0With measured angular rate signal ω rCompare, so that produce drive signal T 0
CN 96191267 1995-10-31 1996-09-20 Interconnection system for transmitting power between electrical systems Expired - Fee Related CN1061485C (en)

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FR2803124B1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2002-03-08 Leroy Somer FREQUENCY CONVERTER SUPPLIED BY AN INDUSTRIAL NETWORK TO DELIVER A LOW VOLTAGE AT A HIGHER FREQUENCY THAN THAT OF SAID NETWORK
US8054011B2 (en) * 2009-06-25 2011-11-08 General Electric Company Variable frequency transformer having multiple horizontal rotary transformers with common controls and voltage infrastructure and method
US20110141771A1 (en) * 2010-12-07 2011-06-16 Karl Kyrberg Electric power system including power converter and rotary transformer and method of assembling same
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CN104080067A (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-01 上海城际互通通信有限公司 Automatic call transfer method based on NFC
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FR2740629B1 (en) 1998-04-03
FR2740629A1 (en) 1997-04-30

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