CN106146090A - Straw stalk fermentation substrate, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Straw stalk fermentation substrate, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106146090A CN106146090A CN201610515240.4A CN201610515240A CN106146090A CN 106146090 A CN106146090 A CN 106146090A CN 201610515240 A CN201610515240 A CN 201610515240A CN 106146090 A CN106146090 A CN 106146090A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention belongs to edible fungus species production field, relate to a kind of straw stalk fermentation substrate, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate and preparation method thereof, the agricultural crop straw particularly relating to fermentation is that primary raw material makes stalk fermentation substrate, the method preparing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain the most further.Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate of the present invention, is to make stalk fermentation substrate after stalk fermentation, then to make culture matrix with stalk fermentation substrate for primary raw material；In culture matrix, stalk fermentation substrate is by dry weight, accounts for percentage by weight 90 98%, preferably comprises percentage by weight 90%.Utilize this culture matrix to make Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain, the invention have the advantage that and simplify formula and making step, use common raw material, it is to avoid or reduce use grain raw material, save grain resource, reduce cost.Consume a large amount of straw, not only turn waste into wealth, also avoid crop straw burning to cause air pollution, and the part that the strain used is not consumed by Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers can also not only improve soil as fertilizer, can be also that next season is as supplying nutrients.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to edible fungus species production field, relate to a kind of straw stalk fermentation substrate, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate
And preparation method, the agricultural crop straw particularly relating to fermentation is that primary raw material makes stalk fermentation substrate, makes the most further
The method of standby Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain.
Background technology
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers (Morchella spp.), also known as Gaster caprae seu Ovis dish, is under the jurisdiction of Ascomycetes Pezizale Morchellaceae Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers
Belong to, be a kind of famous and precious rare edible fungus.Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is of high nutritive value, and rich in essential amino acid and granulose, price is held high
Expensive.Gather wild toadstool and cannot meet the demand of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers consumption market.
The artificial domesticating cultivation of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers was once global problem.In recent years, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers artificial cultivation technique obtains prominent
Broken, use the pattern of cultivation in farmland more.The production of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain and sowing are the first steps of cultivation.Existing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers
Strain makes to be had with production method patent of invention:
The patent " prepared by screening and the strain of strain of steepletop hickory chick " of publication number CN1793315A and publication number
In the patent " prepared by screening and the strain of balck vein hickory chick bacterial strain " of CN1793316A, it is provided that a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain solid training
Foster based formulas: wood flour 79-90%, wheat bran 5-20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, Gypsum Fibrosum 1%, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers fertile soil 3% vegetatively, water content
60%, pH are natural.After mixing thoroughly, load in the wide mouthed bottle of 750ml, compress after sealing at 120 DEG C of sterilizing 60min.
In the patent " manufacture method of ladder rib Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultigen " of publication number CN103141302A, it is provided that a kind of Gaster caprae seu Ovis
Bacteria cultivation kind formula: wheat grain 70-90%, soil 8-28%, Calx 1-1.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.5-1%, water content 60-
65%.After stirring, load in vial, sterilizing 2 hours at 121-126 DEG C, or 100 DEG C of sterilizings 15-20 hour.
The patent of publication number CN104686196A is " a kind of by sporophore preservation and the side of separation Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain of drying in the shade
Method " in, it is provided that a kind of wheat grain culture medium prescription for Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain: choose without pest and disease damage, full, comparatively fresh, shell
The Semen Tritici aestivi wheat grain of belt leather, clear water soaks 24 hours, enters pot and adds clear water and boil to wheat grain without the white heart, without broken skin, pulls dewatering out, contain into flat
Ware, in 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min.
In the patent " a kind of manufacturing method for morchella mother culture " of publication number CN101946634A, it is provided that a kind of Gaster caprae seu Ovis starter
Kind of culture medium prescription: in mass ratio the fresh free from insect pests broken branch of roundleaf poplar of 1～3 part or roundleaf Folium Populi Pseudo-simonii are put into the water of 10 parts
In boil 25～30min, filter extracting juice and prepare roundleaf poplar leachate；Roundleaf poplar leachate and PDA culture fluid 1:1 in mass ratio mix
After conjunction, add Na by the mass percent of mixed liquor3PO4.12H2O 0.2%, KH2PO40.2%, MgSO40.05%, dimension
Raw element B1 0.005%, after stirring at 121 ± 1 DEG C sterilizing 30min.
In the patent " cultural method of a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers liquid strain " of publication number CN105154342A, (1) provides one
Kind one-level pedigree seed culture medium: cotton seed hulls 20-30g, weed tree sawdust 15-20g, rice husk 20-30g, Testa Tritici 15-25g, Semen Maydis powder 8-12g
Be soaked in water respectively, add respectively after filtration water boil, filter drain, then mix, prepare compound, add in described compound
Enter sucrose 5-10g, calcium carbonate 1-5g and phosphate fertilizer 1-5g, mix homogeneously.(2) a kind of two grades of pedigree seed culture mediums are provided: Folium Pini
100-200g, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing 100-200g and water 1200-1800ml carry out mixing, boil, cool down, filtration treatment, prepare Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers
Two grades of original seed nutritional solutions, then by Semen Tritici aestivi 20-30g, Semen Maydis 25-40g, rice husk 15-25g, Testa oryzae 15-25g, sucrose 1-5g, stone
Cream 1-5g, phosphate fertilizer 1-5g mix homogeneously prepare two grades of pedigree seed culture medium compounds of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, and join and described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers two
In two grades of Primary spawn liquid of described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers of level pedigree seed culture medium compound equal in quality, mix homogeneously.(3) one is provided
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers liquid culture medium formula: pine branch 200-300g, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi 200-400g and water 1200-1800ml mix, then
Sequentially pass through boil, cool down, filtration treatment obtains filtrate, glucide (sucrose, glucose and maltose etc.) 15-30g is added
Enter in described filtrate and dissolve and prepare Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers liquid strain nutrition filtrate, take described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers liquid strain nutrition filtrate
150ml is placed in culture bottle, adds and clean the rice husk 10-30g and calcium carbonate 1-5g dried in described culture bottle.
In the patent " a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers Cultivar culture medium and preparation method thereof " of publication number CN102757291A, it is provided that
A kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultigen formula: in terms of mass fraction, major ingredient includes the wood flour of 2-10 part, the cotton seed hulls of 2-5 part and 1-2 part
Wheat bran；Adjuvant includes the sucrose of 0.1-0.5 part, the Gypsum Fibrosum of 0.1-0.6 part, the Calx of 0.1-0.6 part, 0.1-0.5 part
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers Rhizosphere Soil, the magnesium sulfate of 0-0.05 part and the vitamin B1 of 0.01-0.02 part, with the addition of Ramulus Juglandis lixiviating solution, described
Ramulus Juglandis lixiviating solution is the walnut branch filtrate after the soak by water of its quality 1.5-5 times of 1-3 part.
Patent " the preparation side of a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers mycelium with dendrobium fiber as substrate of publication number CN101743854A
Method " in, it is provided that a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers solid culture based formulas: the cellulose dregs after Herba Dendrobii size-reduced extraction extractum
70%-90%, Semen Maydis 5%-20%, add 0.5%-1% sodium selenite, 0.5%-1% germanium dioxide, 0.01%-0.2% phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium, water content 50%-60%, pH is natural.
Above-mentioned Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain manufacturing technology is primarily present following shortcoming:
(1) formula and the manufacture method of part invention are complicated, patent " a kind of Gaster caprae seu Ovis of such as publication number CN105154342A
The cultural method of bacterium liquid strain " in firsts and seconds pedigree seed culture medium.
(2) raw material of part invention is difficult to obtain, the patent " strain of steepletop hickory chick of such as publication number CN1793315A
Screening and strain prepare " and the patent " prepared by screening and the strain of balck vein hickory chick bacterial strain " of publication number CN1793316A in
Formula needs to add Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers fertile soil vegetatively, and the patent of publication number CN102757291A " cultivate by a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultigen
Base and preparation method thereof " in formula need to add Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers Rhizosphere Soil and Ramulus Juglandis lixiviating solution, publication number CN101743854A
Patent " a kind of method for preparing morchella mycelium with dendrobium fiber as substrate " in formula need add dendrobium fiber.
(3) commonly using substantial amounts of grain raw material, such as Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis etc., not only cost is high, also results in the consumption of grain resource
Take.
For solving drawbacks described above, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of new Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain manufacturing technology, it is intended to change existing bacterium
The formula of kind of culture matrix and production stage, use the common raw material being easy to get, it is to avoid uses grain raw material, with reduce cost,
Save grain resource, use straw as primary raw material simultaneously, to make full use of agricultural wastes, turn waste into wealth.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention provides a kind of new Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, including its formula and system
Make method.
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate of the present invention, is to make stalk fermentation substrate after stalk fermentation, then to send out with straw
Ferment substrate is that primary raw material makes culture matrix；In culture matrix, stalk fermentation substrate is by dry weight, accounts for percentage by weight 90-
98%, preferably comprise percentage by weight 90%.
In technique scheme:
Culture matrix also includes providing the additives such as carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphorus source, sulfur source, calcium source, potassium source.Described offer carbon nitrogen
The additive in source be in Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixing.
Additive of the present invention also uses the additives such as Calx, Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate for phosphorus source, sulfur source, calcium source, potassium
Source.Wherein, Gypsum Fibrosum is used for providing calcium and element sulphur, and Calx is used for providing calcium constituent and adjusting acid-base value, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for
Potassium element and P elements are provided.
Culture matrix of the present invention, including the component of following weight proportion:
Stalk fermentation substrate 85-95 part by dry weight, Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixing 8-10 part, Calx
0.05-0.1 part, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.05-0.1 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.005-0.01 part.
Preferably, stalk fermentation substrate 90 parts by dry weight, Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixing 10 parts, Calx
0.1 part, 0.1 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01 part.
The moisture Control of above-mentioned culture matrix is to water content 60-70%, and preferred water content is 65%.If moisture deficit,
Add water and supply.
The preparation method of stalk fermentation substrate of the present invention, comprises the steps:
A, crushed stalk；
B, straw one time fermentation: according to the following weight proportioning each component of mixing: straw 10-15 part, rapeseed cake 0.4-0.5
Part, carbamide 0.04-0.05 part, poultry argol just 2-4 part, Calx 0.2-0.3 part, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.15-0.2 part, magnesium sulfate 0.04-
0.05 part, potassium sulfate 0.04-0.05 part (preferably according to following weight proportioning mix each component: straw 10 parts, rapeseed cake 0.5 part,
0.05 part of carbamide, poultry argol just 4 parts, 0.3 part of Calx, 0.2 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, 0.05 part of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate 0.05 part)；Mixing
Rear control mixture water content is 55-65% (preferred water content 60%)；Take shelter from rain and use tunnel-type fermenting or build heap fermentation, pile up
Becoming cube or cone, fermentation volume is not less than 4 cubic metres；
C, straw ferment in second time: step B is obtained one time fermentation straw and is placed in the place that shading is taken shelter from rain, be piled into cube
Or cone, volume is not less than 10 cubic metres, temperature 0 DEG C with top fermentation 90-120 days, obtains stalk fermentation substrate.
In technique scheme, pulverize as to be crushed to length less than 3 centimetres, the silver of width less than 3 millimeters described in step A
Shape.Above-mentioned geomery is the Product size after most of existing agricultural straw disintegrating machine crushing straw.This is to make fermentation
During microorganism be fully contacted with the cellulose in straw, lignin, it is also contemplated that the energy consumption cost of disintegrating process.
In technique scheme, use tunnel-type fermenting described in step B or build the fermentation time of heap fermentation according to temperature not
Different with the time:
(1) ferment 40-50 days during temperature 0-15 DEG C；
(2) temperature 16-30 DEG C is fermented 25-35 days.
In technique scheme, poultry argol described in step B is just the dried object of the feces of chicken, cattle, sheep.
Second technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide the preparation method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate of the present invention, step
Rapid as follows:
Taking stalk fermentation substrate to mix with Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis powder any one or its, Calx, Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed
Close, load culture vessel sterilizing, cooling, obtain Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate；
Wherein:
Stalk fermentation substrate with the weight proportion of Semen Maydis powder is:
Stalk fermentation substrate 85-95 part by dry weight, Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixing 8-10 part, Calx
0.05-0.1 part, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.05-0.1 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.005-0.01 part.
Preferably, stalk fermentation substrate 90 parts by dry weight, Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixing 10 parts, Calx
0.1 part, 0.1 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01 part.
Described culture vessel be vial, polypropylene plastics seed bottle or polypropylene plastics pocket any one.
Described sterilizing is 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 1.5-2.5 hour, preferably 121 DEG C high pressure steam sterilizations 2 hours.
The 3rd technical problem that the present invention solves there is provided the manufacture method of a kind of new Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain:
(1) second class inoculum (also known as original seed) makes: take above-mentioned Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, and sterile working accesses Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers
Female agar block of planting, cultivation is covered with Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate to mycelia, obtains second class inoculum.
In above-mentioned steps (1):
Described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate is added according to following ratio with morchella mother culture agar block: every 500g Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers
Spawn culture substrate, accesses the morchella mother culture agar block of 1-2 square centimeter size.
Preferably, strain is utilized to consider from saving, every 500g Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, accesses 1 square centimeter of size
Morchella mother culture agar block.
Described cultivation to mycelia is covered with cultivation temperature 15-25 DEG C in Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, preferably cultivation temperature
It it is 20 DEG C.Under above-mentioned cultivation temperature, incubation time is about 15-20 days.
(2) three-class strain (also known as cultigen) makes: by above-mentioned Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate sterilizing, cooling, aseptic behaviour
Making to access step (1) gained second class inoculum, cultivation is covered with culture matrix to mycelia and obtains three-class strain, is Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain.
In above-mentioned steps (2):
Described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate is added according to following weight proportioning with second class inoculum: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers bacterium culture medium
Matter 30-40 part, second class inoculum 1 part.
Preferably, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate 30 parts, second class inoculum 1 part.
Described cultivation to mycelia is covered with cultivation temperature 15-25 DEG C in Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, preferably cultivation temperature
It it is 20 DEG C.Under above-mentioned cultivation temperature, incubation time is about 15-20 days.
" Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers " of the present invention: refer to fungus belongs to all edible fungi of morchella (Morchella genus),
Include but not limited to ladder rib Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers (Morchella importuna), six younger sister's Morchella esculenta (L.) Perss (Morchella sextelata),
Morchellaconica (Morchella conica), yellow Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers (Morchella esculenta), Morchella elata (Morchella
Elata), big legs Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers (Morchella crassipes) etc..
Compared with existing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain formula and preparation method, this invention simplifies formula and making step, use
Common raw material, it is to avoid or reduce use grain raw material, save grain resource, reduce cost.Consume a large amount of straw, no
Only turn waste into wealth, also avoid crop straw burning to cause air pollution, and the part that the strain used is not consumed by Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers can also be made
For fertilizer, not only improve soil, can be also that next season is as supplying nutrients.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of form by the following examples, remakes the most specifically the foregoing of the present invention
Bright, illustrate but be not intended to the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Prepare Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain:
Place: horse keeping town, Jianyang City of Sichuan Province
Time: on May 9th, 2015 starts
A, rape stalk is ground into the fragment of 3 centimetres of X 3 mm in sizes；
B, straw one time fermentation: according to the following weight proportioning each component of mixing: broken rape stalk 10 parts, rapeseed cake 0.5 part,
0.05 part of carbamide, poultry argol just 4 parts, 0.3 part of Calx, 0.2 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, 0.05 part of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate 0.05 part；After mixing
Mixture water content is 60%；5 cubic metres of tunnel fermentations；
C, straw ferment in second time: step B obtains one time fermentation straw and is placed in the place that shading is taken shelter from rain, be piled into cube
Body, volume 24 cubic metres, ferments 90 days, obtains stalk fermentation substrate.The stalk fermentation substrate of 9 parts of this step generations adds 1 part of jade
Rice flour, 0.01 part of Calx, 0.1 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.001 part, 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 2 hours, cooling, to obtain final product
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate.
Second class inoculum makes: takes Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate 500g and loads 750 milliliters of vials, 121 DEG C of high steams
Sterilizing 2 hours, cooling, sterile working accesses 1 square centimeter of morchella mother culture agar block, and cultivation to mycelia is covered with Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain
Culture matrix, obtains second class inoculum.
Three-class strain makes: takes Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate 500g and loads 750 milliliters of vials, 121 DEG C of high steams
Sterilizing 2 hours, cooling, sterile working accesses the second class inoculum of above-mentioned generation, and cultivation is covered with culture matrix to mycelia and obtains three grades of bacterium
Kind, it is Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain.
Cultivation Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers:
1, place: Jintang County, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, soil property is Sulfur fractions.
2, sowing before prepare: with conventional method is applied fertilizer in farmland, smooth, loosen the soil.
3, the sowing time is in late October, 2015.Take Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers three-class strain (cultigen) prepared by the present embodiment to broadcast
Kind, every square metre of sowing strain 0.5-0.6kg.Described sowing uses short case ridge culture, the method for double ditch drilling, ridge height 15cm, ridge
Wide 80cm.Furrow width 60cm between ridge.
4, sowing started moisturizing after the 3rd day, remained upper soll layer 1-3cm water content 50-70%.
5, after earth's surface forms a large amount of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. Mycelium 25 days, the nutrition that Sichuan Jin Di mushroom company limited provides is placed
Bag.Place front nail-plate and beat 3-4 row's aperture, often 8-10 aperture of row, each hole diameter 1-3mm in the one side of nutrient bag.Often
Mu places 2000 nutrient bags, horizontal 2 bags of every ridge, longitudinally spaced 35cm.Aperture is put down.Building sunshade subsequently, canopy is high
2-3 rice, institute's covered with sunshade net light transmittance 5%.
6, when cultivation Second Year temperature rises to 10-12 DEG C, mushroom is urged in spraying moisturizing, makes air humidity 60-90% in booth, soil
Water content 50-70% of earth top layer 1-3cm, after fruiting, in booth, temperature maintains between 8-20 DEG C, until end of gathering.
7, gather: when Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is ripe, and cap length reaches 3-6cm, when color is transferred to brown by Dark grey, both
Can pluck.With the most crosscutting disconnected stem of blade, sporophore is put down gently and gathers in container.
Embodiment 2:
Prepare Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain:
Place: Pujiang County, Chengdu, Sichuan Province
Time: on June 1st, 2015 starts
A, corn stalk powder is broken into the fragment of 3 centimetres of X 3 mm in sizes
B, straw one time fermentation: according to the following weight proportioning each component of mixing: broken corn straw 10 parts, rapeseed cake 0.5 part,
0.05 part of carbamide, poultry argol just 4 parts, 0.3 part of Calx, 0.2 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, 0.05 part of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate 0.05 part；After mixing
Mixture water content is 60%；Build 5 cubic metres of conical pile fermentations；
C, straw ferment in second time: step B is obtained one time fermentation straw and is placed in the place that shading is taken shelter from rain, be piled into circular cone
Shape, volume 30 cubic metres, ferments 100 days, obtains stalk fermentation substrate.The stalk fermentation substrate of 9 parts of this step generations adds 1 part of jade
Rice flour, 0.01 part of Calx, 0.1 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.001 part, 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 2 hours, cooling, to obtain final product
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate.
Second class inoculum makes: takes Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate 550g and loads 750 milliliters of vials, 121 DEG C of high steams
Sterilizing 2 hours, cooling, sterile working accesses 1 square centimeter of morchella mother culture agar block, and cultivation to mycelia is covered with Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain
Culture matrix, obtains second class inoculum.
Three-class strain makes: takes Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate 550g and loads 750 milliliters of vials, 121 DEG C of high steams
Sterilizing 2 hours, cooling, sterile working accesses the second class inoculum of above-mentioned generation, and cultivation is covered with culture matrix to mycelia and obtains three grades of bacterium
Kind, it is Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain.
Cultivation Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers:
1, place: the bluish white Jiang Xian in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, Citrus sylvan life, soil property is rice soil.
2, prepare before sowing: by conventional method, is loosened the soil in earth's surface, fertilising.
3, the sowing time is at the beginning of 2015 11 months.Take Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers cultigen strain prepared by the present embodiment, sowing, every square
Rice sowing strain 0.5-0.6kg.Described sowing uses high case ridge culture, the method for double ditch drilling, ridge height 30cm, row spacing 100cm.Ridge
Between furrow width 30cm.
4, sowing started moisturizing after the 3rd day, remained upper soll layer 1-3cm water content 50-70%.
5, after earth's surface forms a large amount of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. Mycelium 25 days, the nutrition that Sichuan Jin Di mushroom company limited provides is placed
Bag.Place front nail-plate and beat 3-4 row's aperture, often 8-10 aperture of row, each hole diameter 1-3mm in the one side of nutrient bag.Often
Mu places 2000 nutrient bags, horizontal 2 bags of every ridge, longitudinally spaced 35cm.Aperture is put down.Building sunshade subsequently, canopy is high
2-3 rice, institute's covered with sunshade net light transmittance 5%.
6, when cultivation Second Year temperature rises to 10-12 DEG C, mushroom is urged in spraying moisturizing, makes air humidity 60-90% in booth, soil
Water content 50-70% of earth top layer 1-3cm, after fruiting, in booth, temperature maintains between 8-20 DEG C, until end of gathering.
7, gather: when Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is ripe, and cap length reaches 3-6cm, when color is transferred to brown by Dark grey, both
Can pluck.With the most crosscutting disconnected stem of blade, sporophore is put down gently and gathers in container.
Reference examples:
Cultivate place equally in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, use publication number CN103141302A, CN104686196A
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain of patent offer with CN105154342A and preparation method thereof is cultivated.
Scheme implementation result
The cost per mu of the strain provided in the different patent of table 1 puts into
Remarks: containing cost of material and the human cost (unit: unit/mu) of making nutrient bag
Table 2 uses the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers per mu yield (unit: kg every mu, weight is dry weight) of the strain provided in different patent
Result above shows, uses Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate and the strain of present invention offer, can save on strain
Cost per mu put into, and the yield of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers can be significantly improved, substituted existing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain formula and preparation method
Value, be worth of widely use.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of stalk fermentation substrate, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
A, crushed stalk；
B, straw one time fermentation: according to the following weight proportioning each component of mixing: straw 10-15 part, rapeseed cake 0.4-0.5 part, urine
Element 0.04-0.05 part, poultry argol just 2-4 part, Calx 0.2-0.3 part, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.15-0.2 part, magnesium sulfate 0.04-0.05 part,
Potassium sulfate 0.04-0.05 part；Controlling mixture water content after mixing is 55-65%；Take shelter from rain to use tunnel-type fermenting or build heap and send out
Ferment；
C, straw ferment in second time: step B is obtained one time fermentation straw and is placed in the place that shading is taken shelter from rain, pile up, temperature 0 DEG C with
Top fermentation 90-120 days, obtains stalk fermentation substrate.
The preparation method of stalk fermentation substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: at least meet following any one
:
In step A, described pulverizing is to be crushed to length less than 3 centimetres, the strip of sheet of width less than 3 millimeters；
In step B, described in take shelter from rain employing tunnel-type fermenting or build heap fermentation time, be piled into cube or cone, fermentation volume
Not less than 4 cubic metres；
In step B, mix each component according to following weight proportioning: straw 10 parts, rapeseed cake 0.5 part, 0.05 part of carbamide, poultry are dry
4 parts of feces, 0.3 part of Calx, 0.2 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, 0.05 part of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate 0.05 part；
In step B, controlling mixture water content after mixing is 60%；When using tunnel-type fermenting described in step B or build heap fermentation:
(1) ferment 40-50 days when temperature 0-15 DEG C；
(2) ferment 25-35 days when temperature 16-30 DEG C；
Poultry argol described in step B is just the dried object of the feces of chicken, cattle, sheep；
In step C, described accumulation is for being piled into cube or cone, and volume is not less than 10 cubic metres.
3. the stalk fermentation substrate that the method described in claim 1 or 2 is prepared.
4. Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, it is characterised in that: it is primary raw material system with the stalk fermentation substrate described in claim 3
Become culture matrix；In culture matrix, stalk fermentation substrate is by dry weight, accounts for percentage by weight 90-98%；
Preferably, in culture matrix, stalk fermentation substrate is by dry weight, accounts for percentage by weight 90%.
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: at least meet following any one:
Described culture matrix includes providing carbon source, phosphorus source, sulfur source, calcium source or the additive in potassium source；
The additive of described culture matrix include in Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixing；
The additive of described culture matrix includes Calx, Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: at least meet following any one:
Described culture matrix includes the component of following weight proportion: stalk fermentation substrate 85-95 part by dry weight, Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis
Powder any one or its mixing 8-10 part, Calx 0.05-0.1 part, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.05-0.1 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.005-0.01
Part；
Preferably, described culture matrix includes the component of following weight proportion: stalk fermentation substrate 90 parts by dry weight, Testa Tritici or
Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixes 10 parts, 0.1 part of Calx, 0.1 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01 part；
Further, the moisture Control of described culture matrix to water content is 60-70%；
The moisture Control of the most described culture matrix to water content is 65%.
7. the preparation method of the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate described in any one of claim 4-6, it is characterised in that: want with right
Seeking the stalk fermentation substrate described in 3 is primary raw material, mixes with additive, loads culture vessel sterilizing, cooling, makes culture medium
Matter.
The preparation method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: below at least meeting
Any one:
In culture matrix, stalk fermentation substrate is by dry weight, accounts for percentage by weight 90-98%；
Described culture matrix includes providing carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphorus source, sulfur source, calcium source or the additive in potassium source；
The additive of described culture matrix include in Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixing；
The additive of described culture matrix includes Calx, Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
Described culture matrix includes the component of following weight proportion: stalk fermentation substrate 85-95 part by dry weight, Testa Tritici or Semen Maydis
Powder any one or its mixing 8-10 part, Calx 0.05-0.1 part, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.05-0.1 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.005-0.01
Part；
Preferably, described culture matrix includes the component of following weight proportion: stalk fermentation substrate 90 parts by dry weight, Testa Tritici or
Semen Maydis powder any one or its mixes 10 parts, 0.1 part of Calx, 0.1 part of Gypsum Fibrosum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01 part；
The moisture Control of described culture matrix to water content is 60-70%；
The moisture Control of the most described culture matrix to water content is 65%；
Described culture vessel be vial, polypropylene plastics seed bottle or polypropylene plastics pocket any one；
Described sterilizing is 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 1.5-2.5 hour, preferably 121 DEG C high pressure steam sterilizations 2 hours.
9. the manufacture method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain, it is characterised in that: use the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain training described in any one of claim 4-6
Foster substrate is used for making three-class strain, including:
(1) second class inoculum makes: take Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, and sterile working accesses morchella mother culture agar block, cultivates extremely
Mycelia is covered with Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, obtains second class inoculum；
(2) three-class strain makes: by Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate sterilizing, cooling, sterile working accesses step (1) gained two grades
Strain, cultivation is covered with culture matrix to mycelia and obtains three-class strain, is Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain.
The manufacture method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: at least meet following any one
:
In step (1):
Described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate is added according to following ratio with morchella mother culture agar block: every 500g Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain
Culture matrix, accesses the morchella mother culture agar block of 1-2 square centimeter size；
Preferably, described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate is added according to following ratio with morchella mother culture agar block: every 500g sheep
Tripe bacterium spawn culture substrate, accesses the morchella mother culture agar block of 1 square centimeter of size；
Described cultivation to mycelia is covered with cultivation temperature 15-25 DEG C in Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, and incubation time is 15-20
My god；
Preferably cultivation temperature is 20 DEG C, and incubation time is 15-20 days；
In step (2):
Described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate is added according to following weight proportioning with second class inoculum: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate
30-40 part, second class inoculum 1 part；
Preferably, described Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate is added according to following weight proportioning with second class inoculum: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain is trained
Support substrate 30 parts, second class inoculum 1 part；
Described cultivation to mycelia is covered with cultivation temperature 15-25 DEG C in Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers spawn culture substrate, and incubation time is 15-20
My god；
Preferably cultivation temperature is 20 DEG C, and incubation time is 15-20 days.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108323374A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-07-27 | 四川述吉农业发展有限公司 | A kind of hickory chick implantation methods |
| CN108812061A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-16 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of hickory chick culture medium, preparation method and applications |
| CN108911816A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-11-30 | 德阳市明润农业开发有限公司 | Stalk fermentation matrix, edible fungus species culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109496691A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-22 | 湖南金芙农业科技有限公司 | Hickory chick culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN111304099A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Composite microbial inoculum, preparation method thereof and method for treating drilling solid waste by using composite microbial inoculum |
| CN113597975A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-05 | 绵阳市经科菌业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-yield culture medium for morchella cultivars |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108911816A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-11-30 | 德阳市明润农业开发有限公司 | Stalk fermentation matrix, edible fungus species culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108323374A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-07-27 | 四川述吉农业发展有限公司 | A kind of hickory chick implantation methods |
| CN108812061A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-16 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of hickory chick culture medium, preparation method and applications |
| CN109496691A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-22 | 湖南金芙农业科技有限公司 | Hickory chick culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN111304099A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Composite microbial inoculum, preparation method thereof and method for treating drilling solid waste by using composite microbial inoculum |
| CN113597975A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-05 | 绵阳市经科菌业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-yield culture medium for morchella cultivars |
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