CN106142814A - 一种解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法 - Google Patents

一种解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法 Download PDF

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CN106142814A
CN106142814A CN201610537054.0A CN201610537054A CN106142814A CN 106142814 A CN106142814 A CN 106142814A CN 201610537054 A CN201610537054 A CN 201610537054A CN 106142814 A CN106142814 A CN 106142814A
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foam plastics
metal skin
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glass cloth
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魏耀华
徐猛
徐勇
杨勇
张强
王洋
祖峰
潘文进
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AVIC Shaanxi Aircraft Industry Group Corp Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于飞机复合材料制造领域，涉及一种解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法。本发明方法在泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮之间通过铺贴高强玻璃布和涂刷环氧树脂胶液粘接，再通过真空加压实现二者间的胶接固化。本发明能解决飞机上封闭式结构中泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮胶接之后频繁出现的脱层问题，有力保证了零件制造的质量，很大程度的降低了此类零件的返修率和报废率，而且实施方便，适应性广，成本低。

Description

一种解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法
技术领域
本发明属于飞机复合材料制造领域，涉及一种解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法。
背景技术
胶接连接工艺是复合材料结构件最普遍采用的一种连接方法，这种方法是用胶粘剂将零件连成不可拆卸的整体。随着航空航天技术的发展，胶接工艺技术日益广泛的应用在航空航天产品中。采用胶接连接取代传统的铆接、螺栓连接和焊接，可以减轻结构件重量，外形平整光滑，改善疲劳强度，兼能连接两种不同材料，并具有良好的抗化学腐蚀能力，最适宜连接薄壁夹层结构，胶接工艺简便、可缩短生产周期等特点。当今胶接工艺技术不断发展，各种新颖的胶粘剂不断涌现，胶接工艺技术在航空航天产品的质量和性能做出了一定的贡献，现在已成为航空工艺中不可缺少的一种工艺技术。实践表明，对复合材料结构件来说、胶接工艺是一种理想的连接方法，其胶接质量和性能好坏与许多因素有关。
一般泡沫塑料芯的热膨胀系数较小，它与金属胶接时，由于热膨胀系数差别较大，在固化时易释放出大量热能，固化后会产生较大内应力和变形。由于复合材料层间拉伸强度低，它不像金属连接在胶接层产生剥离破坏，而易在连接端部层间产生剥离破坏。湿、热、腐蚀介质等环境效应对连接强度有显著影响。实践表明，泡沫塑料芯在开孔和闭孔两种状态下与金属蒙皮胶接均会出现不同程度的脱层现象。
在复合材料制品研制生产过程中，经常碰到泡沫塑料芯作为填充材料与金属蒙皮进行胶接的结构，用常规的胶接工艺方法易造成泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮之间脱层，现有技术无法解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮之间易脱层的问题。应针对实际情况进行细致分析，找出主要原因，有针对性地采取有效措施，顺利完成胶接工序，以确保复合材料制品的胶接质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种能够有效增加泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮之间粘接力，解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层问题，保障产品胶接质量的胶接方法。
本发明的技术方案是：一种解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法，泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮之间通过铺贴高强玻璃布和涂刷环氧树脂胶液粘接，再通过真空加压实现二者间的胶接固化。
所述的解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法，其具体过程如下：
步骤1：待胶接面处理
先对金属蒙皮以及放置在成型平板模工装上的泡沫塑料芯的待胶结表面进行打磨处理，然后用挥发性溶剂擦拭清理泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮的待胶接面；
步骤2：高强玻璃布裱糊
在泡沫塑料芯待胶接面涂刷配置好的环氧树脂胶液，然后在泡沫塑料芯表面裱糊铺贴一层高强玻璃布，并在裱糊高强玻璃布过程中，通过对高强玻璃布不断刷环氧树脂胶液以使环氧树脂胶液浸润均匀并排出残余气泡；
步骤3：在金属蒙皮待粘接面上涂刷环氧树脂胶液；
步骤4：安装成型平板模工装上的刻线，将金属蒙皮待粘接面和泡沫塑料芯上的高强玻璃布粘接在一起，粘接过程通过真空加压并常温固化。
泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮的待胶接面用细白棉布浸润挥发性溶剂擦拭，每遍擦拭一遍后更换细白棉布，并晾置泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮的待胶接面至少15min，然后进行下一遍擦拭，共擦拭2～3遍。
本发明的优点是：与现有技术相比，本发明能解决飞机上封闭式结构中泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮胶接之后频繁出现的脱层问题，有力保证了零件制造的质量，很大程度的降低了此类零件的返修率和报废率，而且实施方便，适应性广，成本低。
附图说明
图1是本发明泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮胶接示意图，
其中，1-金属蒙皮、2-泡沫塑料芯、3-环氧树脂胶液、4-高强玻璃纤维布。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步详细说明。
请参阅图1，其是本发明泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮胶接示意图。
本发明解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法，其具体过程如下：
步骤1：待胶接面处理
先对金属蒙皮以及放置在成型平板模工装上的泡沫塑料芯的待胶接表面进行打磨处理，以增加待胶接面的接触面积和微观上金属离子和环氧树脂中环氧键的结合；
然后用细白棉布浸润挥发性溶剂(常规挥发性溶剂如丙酮、酒精等)擦拭清理泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮的待胶接面，每遍擦拭一遍后更换细白棉布，并晾置泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮的待胶接面至少15min，保证溶剂挥发充分，然后进行下一遍擦拭，共擦拭2～3遍，去除杂质和灰尘。
步骤2：高强玻璃布裱糊
在泡沫塑料芯待胶接面涂刷配置好的环氧树脂胶液，然后在泡沫塑料芯表面裱糊铺贴一层高强玻璃布，并在裱糊高强玻璃布过程中，通过对高强玻璃布不断涂刷环氧树脂胶液以使环氧树脂胶液浸润均匀并排出残余气泡；
步骤3：在金属蒙皮待粘接面上涂刷环氧树脂胶液；
步骤4：安装成型平板模工装上的刻线，将金属蒙皮待粘接面和泡沫塑料芯上的高强玻璃布粘接在一起，粘接过程通过真空加压并常温固化。
本发明在金属蒙皮与泡沫塑料芯粘接过程中间夹一层高强玻璃纤维布，首先、环氧树脂可以浸润到玻璃纤维布中增加了环氧树脂胶液在玻璃布中的含胶量，在相同的粘接面积情况下工艺改进之后的方法含胶量增加近40～45％，含胶量增加后相同程度增加了环氧树脂中环氧键的数量，从而增加了泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮之间的粘接力。其次、从微观角度上讲玻璃纤维作为填充材料在真空压力的作用下可以充分填充到泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮微小凹坑内并将内部气泡完全排出，较少了粘接过程中的空隙率，另一个角度分析说明玻璃纤维布中的玻璃纤维增加了环氧树脂胶液中环氧键的附着点，加大了粘接力，从而避免了金属蒙皮与泡沫塑料芯粘接后脱层，有力保证了零件制造的质量，很大程度的降低了此类零件的返修率和报废率，而且实施方便，适应性广，成本低，具有较大的实际应用价值。

Claims (3)

1.一种解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法，其特征在于，泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮之间通过铺贴高强玻璃布和涂刷环氧树脂胶液粘接，再通过真空加压实现二者间的胶接固化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法，其特征在于，具体过程如下：
步骤1：待胶接面处理
先对金属蒙皮以及放置在成型平板模工装上的泡沫塑料芯的待胶接表面进行打磨处理，然后用挥发性溶剂擦拭清理泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮的待胶接面；
步骤2：高强玻璃布裱糊
在泡沫塑料芯待胶接面涂刷配置好的环氧树脂胶液，然后在泡沫芯表面裱糊铺贴一层高强玻璃布，并在裱糊高强玻璃布过程中，通过对高强玻璃布不断涂刷环氧树脂胶液以使环氧树脂胶液浸润均匀并排出残余气泡；
步骤3：在金属蒙皮待粘接面上涂刷环氧树脂胶液；
步骤4：按照成型平板模工装上的刻线，将金属蒙皮待粘接面和泡沫塑料芯上的高强玻璃布粘接在一起，粘接过程通过真空加压并常温固化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的解决泡沫塑料芯与金属蒙皮脱层的胶接方法，其特征在于，泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮的待胶接面用细白棉布浸润挥发性溶剂擦拭，每遍擦拭一遍后更换细白棉布，并晾置泡沫塑料芯和金属蒙皮的待胶接面至少15min，然后进行下一遍擦拭。
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CN107901436A (zh) * 2017-07-18 2018-04-13 江西昌河航空工业有限公司 一种可以排除糊状胶气泡的u型件胶接方法
CN109305385A (zh) * 2017-07-28 2019-02-05 波音公司 具有补偿表面的滑片
CN109483897A (zh) * 2018-07-13 2019-03-19 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 一种半封闭结构内芯材胶接方法
CN110910708A (zh) * 2019-11-29 2020-03-24 哈尔滨兆禾机械设备技术开发有限公司 飞行训练模拟器球幕成像结构
CN112373674A (zh) * 2020-11-19 2021-02-19 航天彩虹无人机股份有限公司 传感器无人机的机翼连接结构、机翼及无人机

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