CN106137242B - Barium meal radiography exposure method and device - Google Patents
Barium meal radiography exposure method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106137242B CN106137242B CN201510133288.4A CN201510133288A CN106137242B CN 106137242 B CN106137242 B CN 106137242B CN 201510133288 A CN201510133288 A CN 201510133288A CN 106137242 B CN106137242 B CN 106137242B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a barium meal radiography exposure method and a barium meal radiography exposure device. The method comprises the following steps: calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video, and calibrating interest points between the starting position and the ending position; collecting position change information of the barium meal flowing through a collecting area between the initial position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flowing model to predict flowing time of the barium meal flowing from the collecting area to the interest point; an image exposure time is determined based on the flow time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical information processing, in particular to a barium meal radiography exposure method and device.
Background
Computer science is very closely linked to modern medicine.
Barium meal contrast, also called upper gastrointestinal barium contrast examination, is an exposure and development process for a barium flow process after a subject swallows pasty barium sulfate (developer).
Accurate control of the exposure time is important for obtaining high resolution images of the point of interest. The exposure time is currently determined mainly by the operator, which requires a high level of operator experience.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a barium meal radiography exposure method and device, so that the exposure time can be automatically determined.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
according to an embodiment of the present invention, a barium meal contrast exposure method is provided, including:
calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video, and calibrating interest points between the starting position and the ending position;
collecting position change information of the barium meal flowing through a collecting area between the initial position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flowing model to predict flowing time of the barium meal flowing from the collecting area to the interest point;
an image exposure time is determined based on the flow time.
Preferably, the calibrating the start position and the end position of the barium meal in the perspective video comprises:
and calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video based on the gray-scale image characteristics of the barium meal.
Preferably, the determining the image exposure time based on the flow time comprises:
when the flowing time is greater than or equal to the fixed exposure delay time, subtracting the fixed exposure delay time from the flowing time to obtain an image exposure time; or
When the flow time is less than the fixed exposure delay time, the current time is determined as the image exposure time.
Preferably, a plurality of sampling points for sampling the position change information of the barium meal are arranged in the acquisition area, and each sampling point comprises an acquisition starting point, an acquisition ending point and an acquisition instantaneous point arranged in the acquisition starting point and the acquisition ending point according to a sampling period, wherein the position of the acquisition starting point is fixed or non-fixed, and the position of the acquisition ending point is fixed.
Preferably, a plurality of sampling points for sampling the position change information of the barium meal are arranged in the collection area, and the sampling points include a collection starting point, a collection end point and collection instantaneous points arranged in a sampling period in the collection starting point and the collection end point, wherein the collection starting point is fixed or unfixed in position, the collection end point is unfixed in position, and when the barium meal flows through to a specific collection instantaneous point at which the difference between the predicted flow time and the fixed exposure delay time starts to be smaller than a preset threshold value, the specific collection instantaneous point is determined as the collection end point.
Preferably, the starting position is a throat position; the termination position is the cardia position of the stomach.
Preferably, the barium meal flow model comprises a swallowing resistance factor and a peristaltic speed factor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a barium meal radiography exposure apparatus including:
the calibration unit is used for calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video and calibrating interest points between the starting position and the ending position;
the prediction unit is used for acquiring position change information of the barium meal flowing through an acquisition area between the starting position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flowing model to predict flowing time of the barium meal flowing from the acquisition area to the interest point;
an exposure time determination unit for determining an image exposure time based on the flow time.
Preferably, the calibration unit is configured to calibrate a start position and an end position of the barium meal in the perspective video based on a gray-scale image feature of the barium meal.
Preferably, the exposure time determining unit is configured to subtract the fixed exposure delay time from the flowing time to obtain an image exposure time when the flowing time is equal to or greater than the fixed exposure delay time; or when the streaming time is less than the fixed exposure delay time, determining the current time as the image exposure time.
Preferably, a plurality of sampling points for sampling the position change information of the barium meal are arranged in the acquisition area, and each sampling point comprises an acquisition starting point, an acquisition ending point and an acquisition instantaneous point arranged in the acquisition starting point and the acquisition ending point according to a sampling period, wherein the position of the acquisition starting point is fixed or non-fixed, and the position of the acquisition ending point is fixed.
Preferably, a plurality of sampling points for sampling the position change information of the barium meal are arranged in the acquisition area, and the sampling points comprise an acquisition starting point, an acquisition ending point and acquisition instantaneous points arranged in the acquisition starting point and the acquisition ending point according to a sampling period, wherein the position of the acquisition starting point is fixed or unfixed, and the position of the acquisition ending point is unfixed;
and the prediction unit is used for determining a specific acquisition instantaneous point as an acquisition end point when the difference between the predicted flow time and the fixed exposure delay time of the barium meal flow starts to be less than a preset threshold value.
Preferably, the starting position is a throat position; the termination position is the cardia position of the stomach.
Preferably, the barium meal flow model comprises a swallowing resistance factor and a peristaltic speed factor.
According to the technical scheme, in the embodiment of the invention, the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video are calibrated, and the interest point is calibrated between the starting position and the ending position; collecting position change information of the barium meal flowing through a collecting area between the initial position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flowing model to predict flowing time of the barium meal flowing from the collecting area to the interest point; an image exposure time is determined based on the flow time. Therefore, the method and the device can predict the flowing time of the barium meal flowing to the interest point based on the historically collected barium meal position change information, so that the image exposure time can be automatically determined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a barium meal contrast exposure method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of an exposure for barium meal contrast in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the acquisition end point is fixed;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of an exposure for barium meal contrast according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the end point of acquisition is non-fixed;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a barium meal contrast exposure apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For simplicity and clarity of description, the invention will be described below by describing several representative embodiments. Numerous details of the embodiments are set forth to provide an understanding of the principles of the invention. It will be apparent, however, that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. Some embodiments are not described in detail, but rather are merely provided as frameworks, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the invention. Hereinafter, "including" means "including but not limited to", "according to … …" means "at least according to … …, but not limited to … … only". In view of the language convention of chinese, the following description, when it does not specifically state the number of a component, means that the component may be one or more, or may be understood as at least one.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a barium meal contrast exposure method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step 101: the start and end positions of the barium meal in the perspective video are calibrated, and the point of interest is calibrated between the start and end positions.
Here, the patient is first allowed to drink a small dose of the barium meal, and the start and end positions of the barium meal in the perspective video are calibrated based on the gray-scale image features of the barium meal. Furthermore, the point of interest is calibrated between the starting location and the ending location. The interest point is an observation area to be exposed and imaged, and is usually the position of a lesion. The length of the entire observation region may be determined based on the start and end positions, and the distance of the point of interest from the start position and the distance of the point of interest from the end position may be determined based on the calibrated points of interest.
In one embodiment, the starting position is a throat position; the termination position is the position of the cardia of the stomach; the point of interest is any point in the esophagus.
Step 102: and collecting position change information of the barium meal flowing through a collecting area between the starting position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flowing model to predict the flowing time of the barium meal flowing from the collecting area to the interest point.
Here, the patient slowly drinks a barium meal and detects the position of the barium meal in the perspective video in real time through the gray-scale image features of the barium meal. When the barium meal flows through the acquisition area between the initial position and the interest point, acquiring position change information of the barium meal based on a sampling period, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flow model to predict the flow time of the barium meal flowing from the acquisition area to the interest point.
One or more instantaneous acquisition points can be contained in the acquisition area, and the position change information of the barium meal is acquired at the instantaneous acquisition points. The position change information of the acquisition area can comprise position information, speed information and acceleration information of barium meal flowing through one or more instantaneous acquisition points.
Here, the esophageal swallowing resistance factor and the esophageal peristalsis speed of the healthy population are counted in advance, and a barium meal flow model is established based on the esophageal swallowing resistance factor and the esophageal peristalsis speed of the healthy population.
The process of establishing the barium meal flow model is exemplarily described below.
The barium meal fluid flow process can be simplified to a linear model.
XKIs a vector formed by the displacement, the speed and the acceleration of the barium meal fluid in the Kth sampling period; first element XkRepresenting a shift, a second element
Representing speed, third element
Representing the acceleration.
Vector quantity
As Xk-1Gives a posterior estimate of the K-1 cycle before and including the K-1 cycle.
the effect of gravity can be seen as a constant input u to the barium meal flow modelkWherein g is the acceleration of gravity;
uk＝g；
preferably, the peristaltic factor m is also considered to co-act with gravityNormal force of (c); then u isk＝g+m；
The input model exerts influence on the estimation of the observed value, and T is assumed to represent a sampling period; the input matrix B satisfies:
according to newton's law of mechanics and fluid law of mechanics, a transformation matrix F can be established that, within a short sampling period T time, satisfies:
considering noisy observations, it can be assumed that the noise follows a standard normal distribution ωk。
ωk～N(0，Q)；
Then, there are:
simplification of F, wherein
Xk＝F Xk-1+Buk+ωk；
Zk＝HkXk+vk；
Where Z iskRepresents XkA measured value of (a); v. ofkIs the measurement error, vkAlso obey the standard positive Taiwan distribution; p (omega)k)～N(0，Q)；P(vk) N (0, R); wherein Q is ωkVariance of positive-Taiwanese distribution; r is vkVariance of positive-Taiwanese distribution;
XK＝F XK-1+Buk；
a priori estimation errors can be defined
And a posteriori estimation error eK|K-1：
A priori estimation error
Has a covariance matrix ofWherein:
a posteriori estimation error eK|K-1Has a covariance matrix of PK|KWherein:
from the kalman filter formulation, a formulation can be derived to calculate the a posteriori estimate from the a priori estimate plus a bias:
at the same time order
Obtaining an optimized Kalman gain KK：
The above-described counting may be performed using a Kalman filterCalculation of Kalman gain KKThe operation of (2).
Moreover, the operation of the kalman filter comprises two phases: and (4) predicting and updating. In the prediction phase, the kalman filter uses the estimate of the last state to give an estimate of the current state. In the update phase, the kalman filter optimizes the estimate obtained in the prediction phase using the observed value for the current state to obtain a more accurate new estimate. Based on the kalman filter, a swallowing resistance factor can be estimated.
First, define:
PK|K＝E(eK|K-1·eK|K-1 T)；
by using
Calculating eKReuse eKCalculating PK|KAnd deriving K to obtain PK|KThe following prediction formula:
wherein
Predicting for the state; pK|K-1Estimating a covariance matrix for the prediction;
then, the measurement margin is calculatedMeasuring the margin covariance SkAnd an optimal Kalman gain Kk；
Wherein:
then, using the measurement margin
Measuring the margin covariance SKAnd an optimal Kalman gain KkUpdating XKAnd updated XKEstimate of covariance PK|K。
Wherein:
PK|K＝(I-KKHK)PK|K-1(ii) a Based onThe flow time of the barium meal from the collection area to the point of interest can be predicted.
The process of establishing the barium meal flow model is described in detail above. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present description is by way of example only, and is not intended as limiting the embodiments of the invention.
In one embodiment:
the collecting area is provided with a plurality of sampling points for sampling the position change information of the barium meal, and the sampling points comprise a collecting starting point, a collecting ending point and collecting instantaneous points which are arranged in the collecting starting point and the collecting ending point according to a sampling period, wherein the position of the collecting starting point is fixed or unfixed, and the position of the collecting ending point is fixed.
In one embodiment:
the system comprises a collection area, a collection area and a control area, wherein the collection area is internally provided with a plurality of sampling points for sampling position change information of a barium meal, the sampling points comprise a collection starting point, a collection ending point and collection instantaneous points which are arranged in the collection starting point and the collection ending point according to a sampling period, the collection starting point is fixed or unfixed, the collection ending point is unfixed, and when the barium meal flows to a specific collection instantaneous point when the difference between predicted flow time and fixed exposure delay time is smaller than a preset threshold value, the specific collection instantaneous point is determined as a collection ending point.
Step 103: an image exposure time is determined based on the flow time.
In one embodiment:
when the flow time is equal to or greater than the fixed exposure delay time, the flow time is subtracted by the fixed exposure delay time to obtain an image exposure time. For example, assuming that the predicted streaming time is 50ms and the fixed exposure delay time of the exposure apparatus is 20ms, the image exposure time is 30ms to 50ms-20 ms.
In one embodiment:
when the flow time is less than the fixed exposure delay time, the current time is determined as the image exposure time. For example, assuming that the predicted streaming time is 15ms and the fixed exposure delay time of the exposure apparatus is 20ms, the image exposure time is the current time, i.e., the exposure is started immediately.
The following is an exemplary description of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram of an exposure for barium meal contrast in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the acquisition end point is fixed.
In fig. 2, the starting position 1 is the throat position in the perspective video; the ending position 2 is the gastric cardia position in the fluoroscopy and the trajectory line consisting of the starting position 1 and the ending position 2 is the esophagus in the fluoroscopy. A point of interest 3 is indicated on the esophagus between a starting position 1 and an ending position 2. Furthermore, there is an acquisition zone between the starting position 1 and the point of interest 3. The acquisition area is provided with a plurality of sampling points for sampling the position change information of the barium meal, and the sampling points comprise an acquisition starting point 4, an acquisition ending point 5 and acquisition instantaneous points (not shown in the figure) which are arranged in the acquisition starting point and the acquisition ending point according to a sampling period, wherein the position of the acquisition starting point 4 is fixed or non-fixed. For example, the acquisition start point 4 may be the start position 1, or may be any point between the start position 1 and the acquisition end point 5. The position of the collection end point 5 is fixed.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary schematic diagram of an exposure for barium meal contrast in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the end point of the acquisition is non-fixed.
In fig. 3, the starting position 1 is the throat position in the perspective video; the ending position 2 is the gastric cardia position in the fluoroscopy and the trajectory consisting of the starting position 1 and the ending position 2 is the esophagus in the fluoroscopy. A point of interest 3 is indicated between the starting position 1 and the ending position 2 of the esophagus. Furthermore, there is an acquisition zone between the starting position 1 and the point of interest 3. The acquisition area is provided with a plurality of sampling points for sampling the position change information of the barium meal, and the sampling points comprise an acquisition starting point 4, an acquisition ending point 5 and acquisition instantaneous points (not shown in the figure) which are arranged in the acquisition starting point 4 and the acquisition ending point 5 according to a sampling period, wherein the position of the acquisition starting point is fixed or non-fixed. For example, the acquisition start point 4 may be the start position 1, or may be any point between the start position 1 and the acquisition end point 5. However, the position of the acquisition end point 5 is not fixed. When the barium meal flows to a specific acquisition instant point, if the difference between the predicted flow time and the fixed exposure delay time is smaller than a preset threshold value at this time, the specific acquisition instant point is determined as an acquisition end point 5.
For example, assume that the fixed exposure delay time is 20 ms; the preset threshold value is 5ms, and the sampling period is 10 ms:
the fixed exposure delay time predicted when the barium meal flows to the sampling momentary point 5a is 30ms, and since 30ms to 20ms is 10ms and 10ms is greater than a preset threshold value (5m) s, the sampling momentary point 5a is not determined as the sampling end point.
The fixed exposure delay time predicted when the barium meal continues to flow to the acquisition momentary point 5 is 22ms, and since 22ms-20ms is 2ms and 2ms is less than a preset threshold value (5ms), the acquisition momentary point 5 is determined as the acquisition end point. At this point, the acquisition is stopped and the image exposure time is determined to be 22ms-20ms (i.e., 2ms), i.e., exposure is started after 2 ms.
Based on the detailed analysis, the embodiment of the invention also provides a barium meal radiography exposure device.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a barium meal contrast exposure apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus 9 includes:
the calibration unit 91 is used for calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video and calibrating the interest point between the starting position and the ending position;
the prediction unit 92 is used for acquiring position change information of the barium meal flowing through the acquisition area between the initial position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flow model to predict the flow time of the barium meal flowing from the acquisition area to the interest point;
an exposure time determining unit 93 for determining an image exposure time based on the flow time.
In one embodiment:
and the calibrating unit 91 is configured to calibrate a start position and an end position of the barium meal in the perspective video based on the gray-scale image feature of the barium meal.
In one embodiment:
an exposure time determining unit 92 for subtracting the fixed exposure delay time from the flow time to obtain an image exposure time when the flow time is equal to or greater than the fixed exposure delay time; or when the streaming time is less than the fixed exposure delay time, determining the current time as the image exposure time.
In one embodiment:
the sampling points of the acquisition area comprise an acquisition starting point, an acquisition ending point and acquisition instantaneous points which are arranged in the acquisition starting point and the acquisition ending point according to a sampling period, wherein the position of the acquisition starting point is fixed or unfixed, and the position of the acquisition ending point is fixed.
In one embodiment:
the system comprises a collecting area, a processing area and a display area, wherein the collecting area is internally provided with a plurality of sampling points for sampling the position change information of the barium meal, and the sampling points comprise a collecting starting point, a collecting ending point and collecting instantaneous points which are arranged in the collecting starting point and the collecting ending point according to a sampling period, wherein the position of the collecting starting point is fixed or unfixed, and the position of the collecting ending point is unfixed;
a prediction unit 92, configured to determine a specific instantaneous acquisition point as an acquisition end point when the barium meal flows to the specific instantaneous acquisition point where a difference between the predicted flow time and the fixed exposure delay time starts to be smaller than a preset threshold value.
In one embodiment: the initial position is the throat position; the termination position is the cardia position of the stomach.
In one embodiment: the barium meal flow model contains a swallowing resistance factor and a peristaltic speed factor.
The barium meal radiography exposure method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be written into plug-in programs installed in personal computers, mobile terminals, medical instruments and the like according to a certain standard application program interface, and can also be packaged into application programs for users to download and use. The barium-meal contrast exposure method proposed by the embodiment of the present invention can be stored on various storage media by a storage manner of an instruction or an instruction set storage. Such storage media include, but are not limited to: floppy disk, optical disk, DVD, hard disk, flash memory, etc. In addition, the method for developing medical image applications proposed by the embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to flash memory (Nand flash) based storage media, such as a usb disk, a CF card, an SD card, an SDHC card, an MMC card, an SM card, a memory stick, an xD card, and the like.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, the start position and the end position of the barium meal in the perspective video are calibrated, and the interest point is calibrated between the start position and the end position; collecting position change information of the barium meal flowing through a collecting area between the initial position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flowing model to predict flowing time of the barium meal flowing from the collecting area to the interest point; an image exposure time is determined based on the flow time. Therefore, the method and the device can predict the flowing time of the barium meal flowing to the interest point based on the historically collected barium meal position change information, so that the image exposure time can be automatically determined.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A barium meal contrast exposure method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video, and calibrating interest points between the starting position and the ending position;
collecting position change information of the barium meal flowing through a collecting area between the initial position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flowing model to predict flowing time of the barium meal flowing from the collecting area to the interest point;
determining an image exposure time based on the flow time;
the system comprises an acquisition area, a data processing area and a data processing area, wherein the acquisition area is internally provided with a plurality of sampling points for sampling position change information of a barium meal, and the sampling points comprise an acquisition starting point, an acquisition ending point and acquisition instantaneous points which are arranged in the acquisition starting point and the acquisition ending point according to a sampling period;
the position change information of the acquisition area comprises position information, speed information and acceleration information of barium meal flowing through one or more instantaneous acquisition points;
wherein, the calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video comprises: calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video based on the gray image characteristics of the barium meal;
wherein the barium meal flow model comprises a swallowing resistance factor and a peristaltic speed factor.
2. The barium meal contrast exposure method of claim 1, wherein the determining an image exposure time based on a flow time comprises:
when the flowing time is greater than or equal to the fixed exposure delay time, subtracting the fixed exposure delay time from the flowing time to obtain an image exposure time; or
When the flow time is less than the fixed exposure delay time, the current time is determined as the image exposure time.
3. The barium meal contrast exposure method according to claim 1, wherein the position of the acquisition start point is fixed or non-fixed, and the position of the acquisition end point is fixed.
4. The barium meal contrast exposure method according to claim 1, wherein the position of the acquisition start point is fixed or unfixed, the position of the acquisition end point is unfixed, and when barium meal flows to a specific acquisition instant point at which a difference between the predicted flow time and the fixed exposure delay time starts to be smaller than a preset threshold value, the specific acquisition instant point is determined as the acquisition end point.
5. A barium meal radiography exposure apparatus, characterized by comprising:
the calibration unit is used for calibrating the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video and calibrating interest points between the starting position and the ending position;
the prediction unit is used for acquiring position change information of the barium meal flowing through an acquisition area between the starting position and the interest point, and inputting the position change information into a pre-established barium meal flowing model to predict flowing time of the barium meal flowing from the acquisition area to the interest point;
an exposure time determining unit for determining an image exposure time based on the flow time;
the system comprises an acquisition area, a data processing area and a data processing area, wherein the acquisition area is internally provided with a plurality of sampling points for sampling position change information of a barium meal, and the sampling points comprise an acquisition starting point, an acquisition ending point and acquisition instantaneous points which are arranged in the acquisition starting point and the acquisition ending point according to a sampling period;
the position change information of the acquisition area comprises position information, speed information and acceleration information of barium meal flowing through one or more instantaneous acquisition points;
the calibration unit calibrates the starting position and the ending position of the barium meal in the perspective video based on the gray-scale image characteristics of the barium meal;
wherein the barium meal flow model comprises a swallowing resistance factor and a peristaltic speed factor.
6. The barium meal contrast exposure apparatus of claim 5,
when the flow time is equal to or greater than the fixed exposure delay time, the exposure time determination unit subtracts the fixed exposure delay time from the flow time to obtain an image exposure time; or when the streaming time is less than the fixed exposure delay time, the exposure time determination unit determines the current time as the image exposure time.
7. The barium meal contrast exposure apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the position of the acquisition start point is fixed or non-fixed, and the position of the acquisition end point is fixed.
8. The barium meal contrast exposure apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the position of the acquisition start point is fixed or non-fixed, and the position of the acquisition end point is non-fixed;
and the prediction unit is used for determining a specific acquisition instantaneous point as an acquisition end point when the difference between the predicted flow time and the fixed exposure delay time of the barium meal flow starts to be less than a preset threshold value.
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