CN106130722A - A kind of avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system - Google Patents
A kind of avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106130722A CN106130722A CN201610417706.7A CN201610417706A CN106130722A CN 106130722 A CN106130722 A CN 106130722A CN 201610417706 A CN201610417706 A CN 201610417706A CN 106130722 A CN106130722 A CN 106130722A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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Abstract
A kind of avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system, for receiving flashlight the detection information in the external world, it is characterized in that including: the first circulator, have and input light-path and two output light-pathes, after the flashlight receiving extraneous input, divide two-way output and control the outbound course of this flashlight；First Sagnac interferes (Sagnac) ring；And two light splitting probe units, this light splitting probe unit includes that Sagnac interferes (Sagnac) ring and single photon detection assembly, wherein, Sagnac interferes (Sagnac) ring by polarization beam apparatus, phase-modulator and Faraday rotator connect and compose clockwise through light path, polarization beam apparatus connects with an output light-path of circulator, single photon detection assembly is by detecting polarization beam splitter, two and the single-photon detector composition of this detecting polarization beam splitter light path connection, avoid the reduction of single photon detection array overall test efficiency, ensure that quantum secret communication system improves into code check while improving operating rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection array of a kind of quantum secret communication system, belong to optical communication field.
Background technology
Single-photon detecting survey technology is the most international study hotspot, and presents with quantum optices and mutually promote
Development trend.In terms of single photon detection new principle, especially 1550nm waveband single photon Detection Techniques aspect quickly grows,
Occur in that the novel detection methods such as superconductor detector.Such as, superconducting state changes detector and superconduction banding detector is all
Based superconductive pyroelectric effect, the former has the highest number of photons resolution capability, and its maximum distinguishable number of photons is more than 11, but counting
Rate only has 20kHz；The detection rate of the latter reaches 1GHz, but due to problems such as couplings, its detection efficient is the lowest；Additionally also have
The novel near-infrared single photon detection methods such as quantum dot field effect transistor and quanta point resonance tunnel diode.Above four kinds of detections
Method is required for liquid helium refrigeration, and integrated level is relatively low and cost is extremely expensive, is unfavorable for the practical of quantum secret communication system.Separately
On the one hand, be also evolving based on the tradition manufacturing process of single-photon detectors, technology and actuation techniques, still in occupation of
The absolutely main force status of practical single-photon detector.InGaAs/InP APD (Avalanche Photo Diode, APD, snowslide
Photodiode) reach 10～30% in the detection efficient of 1310～1550nm wave bands, but, because InGaAs/InPAPD
Semiconductor process technique problem, its dark counting is relatively large with afterpulse.Conventional method is to make the direct current of InGaAs/InPAPD
Bias voltage is slightly below avalanche point, additionally loads ultra-narrow electric pulse so that the bias voltage in electric pulse exceedes avalanche point, enters
Entering " Geiger pattern ", this technical method is referred to as " door model ", can effectively reduce dark counting and afterpulse.Divide at quantum key
Joining in (QKD) system, survey of deep space and communication, InGaAs/InPAPD is widely used.Realize based on InGaAs/InPAPD
High-speed and high-efficiency single photon detection, be an up the important means of these systematic functions.Nihon University N.Namekata in 2006 etc.
The sinusoidal filters solutions proposed, the self-balancing scheme of Europe Ltd of the Toshiba Z.L.Yuan proposition such as (Yuan Zhiliang) in 2007,
And the scheme etc. that two kinds of schemes are combined that the most commensurate does not proposes, all make InGaAs/InP SPAD (SPAD, monochromatic light
Sub-detector) normally can use when the repetition rate that works is more than 1GHz.
But, InGaAs/InPAPD single-photon detector is commonly designed for realizing 2.5Gbps conventional fibre optic communication,
In view of frequency response characteristic and the restriction of final detector signal to noise ratio of APD, this type of single-photon detector work repetition rate
It is a maximum of about of 2.5GHz, significantly limit quantum secret communication and become the further raising of code check.Along with, quantum secret communication speed
The further raising of rate, current APD the most gradually can not meet demand.Additionally, the number of photons resolution performance of single APD detector
Also it is far from reaching the demand of application.System operating rate can be improved by APD array, so based on multiplexing schemes such as time division multiplexes
Uncertainty during rear single photon beam-splitting can cause the reduction of system detection efficient, so that the one-tenth code check of communication system
Do not improve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the problems referred to above, it is provided that be applicable to avalanche optoelectronic two pole of ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system
Pipe detection array.
A kind of avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system, is used for receiving the external world
Flashlight and detection information, it is characterised in that including: the first circulator, the first circulator that there is input light-path and two
Output light-path, divides two-way output after the flashlight receiving extraneous input and controls the outbound course of this flashlight；First
Sagnac interferes (Sagnac) ring, suitable by the first polarization beam apparatus, first phase manipulator and the first Faraday rotator
Hour hands are connected and composed by light path, and an output light-path of the first polarization beam apparatus and the first circulator is connected by light path；
And two light splitting probe units, this light splitting probe unit include having three light-pathes circulator, respectively with this circulator
In the Sagnac that connects of two light-pathes interfere (Sagnac) ring and single photon detection assembly, wherein, Sagnac is interfered
(Sagnac) ring is connected and composed clockwise through light path by polarization beam apparatus, phase-modulator and Faraday rotator, polarization
Beam splitter connects with an output light-path of circulator；Single photon detection assembly is by detecting polarization beam splitter, two and this spy
Surveying the single-photon detector composition that polarization beam apparatus light path connects, it is defeated that this single-photon detector is used for detecting detecting polarization beam splitter
The optical signal gone out, light splitting probe unit is connected with another output light-path of the first circulator by light-splitting device.
The avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system that the present invention provides, also may be used
To have a feature in that wherein, light-splitting device is polarization beam apparatus.
The avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system that the present invention provides, also may be used
To have a feature in that wherein, between light-splitting device and circulator it is 45 ° and is welded together.
The avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system that the present invention provides, also may be used
To have a feature in that wherein, single-photon detector includes avalanche photodide.
The avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system that the present invention provides, also may be used
To have a feature in that wherein, avalanche photodide is InGaAs avalanche photodide.
The avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system that the present invention provides, also may be used
To have a feature in that wherein, the input light path of the first circulator is 45 ° with extraneous flashlight and is welded together.
Invention effect and effect
The avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system provided by the present invention, by
In achieving high-speed single photon detection array based on avalanche photodide (APD) by the scheme of multichannel multiplexing, can expire
Foot 10GHz and the demand of above quantum secret communication system.
Different from traditional multiplexing scheme, this system interferes (Sagnac) ring to realize single photon signal by Sagnac
Beam splitting, it is to avoid the reduction of single photon detection array overall test efficiency, it is ensured that quantum secret communication system is improving work
Code check is improved into while speed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the avalanche photodide detection being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system of the embodiment of the present invention 1
The structural representation of array；
Fig. 2 is the optical signal schematic diagram in embodiments of the invention 1.
Detailed description of the invention
For the technological means making the present invention realize, creation characteristic, reach purpose and be easy to understand with effect, real below
Execute example to combine accompanying drawing the present invention is applicable to the avalanche photoelectric diode detection array of ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system
Structure and operation principle are specifically addressed.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system of the present embodiment
Structural representation.
As shown in Figure 1, it is adaptable to the avalanche photoelectric diode detection array 100 of ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system, tool
First circulator the 10, first Sagnac is had to interfere (Sagnac) ring 20 and light splitting probe unit 30.Wherein,
First circulator 10 has input light-path 11 and two outputs light-path 12a, 12b, and input light path 11 is with extraneous
Flashlight be 45 ° and be welded together.
First Sagnac interferes (Sagnac) ring 20, by the first polarization beam apparatus 21, first phase manipulator 22 and
First Faraday rotator 23 connects and composes clockwise through light path (such as optical fiber).
First polarization beam apparatus 21 has an output light-path 12a of three light paths, common port and the first circulator 10
Being connected by optical fiber, outfan is connected by optical fiber with first phase manipulator 22 and the first Faraday rotator 23.
Two light splitting probe unit 30a and 30b, by another output light-path of same first circulator 10 of light-splitting device
12b connects.In the present embodiment, light-splitting device is polarization beam apparatus, named second polarization beam apparatus 30c.Light splitting probe unit
30a with 30b structure is identical.
Here as a example by light splitting probe unit 30a, it include having three light-pathes the second circulator 31, respectively with this
In circulator 31, the Sagnac of two light-path connections interferes (Sagnac) ring 32 and single photon detection assembly 33.
Second circulator 31a, structure is identical with the first circulator 10, it may have three light-pathes, annexation such as Fig. 1 institute
Showing, the input light path of the second circulator 31a and an output light path of the second polarization beam apparatus 30c are welded together by 45 °,
Two other output light path interferes (Sagnac) ring 32 to connect with single photon detection assembly 33 with Sagnac respectively.
Sagnac interfere (Sagnac) ring 32 with first Sagnac interfere (Sagnac) ring 20 structure identical, be also by
Polarization beam apparatus, phase-modulator and Faraday rotator connect and compose clockwise through light path, and polarization beam apparatus is with going in ring
One output light-path of device connects, as it can be seen, polarization beam apparatus, phase-modulator and Faraday rotator are ordered respectively
Entitled 3rd polarization beam apparatus 321, second phase manipulator the 322, second Faraday rotator 323.
Single photon detection assembly 33, inclined including detecting polarization beam splitter that is the 4th polarization beam apparatus 331, two and this detection
Single-photon detector 332a, 332b composition that beam splitter 331 light path of shaking connects, this single-photon detector group 332 connects in detection
On two output light-pathes of polarization beam apparatus 331, for detecting the light letter of detecting polarization beam splitter 331 different delivery outlet output
Number.
Light splitting probe unit 30b structure is identical with above-mentioned light splitting probe unit 30a, its 3rd circulator 31b having
Input light-path and another output light path of the second polarization beam apparatus 30c be welded together by 45 °.Other components and parts are even
Understanding and considerate condition is identical with above-mentioned light splitting probe unit 30a, and corresponding also includes that the 5th polarization beam apparatus 324, third phase are modulated
The Sagnac of device 325 and the 3rd Faraday rotator 326 composition interferes (Sagnac) ring and by the 6th polarization beam apparatus
The single photon detection of single-photon detector 334a, 334b composition that 333, two and this detecting polarization beam splitter 333 light path connect
Assembly.
Fig. 2 is the optical signal schematic diagram in embodiments of the invention 1
Operation principle
Bob termination receives light pulse signal and (assumes that this signal is line polarisation, if polarization is relevant, then can this increase before again
One polarization beam apparatus, and a set of identical APD array) interfere (Sagnac) ring 20 by the first Sagnac.Light pulse warp
Crossing the polarized light being first divided into both direction after the first Sagnac interferes (Sagnac) ring 20, strength ratio is 1:1, by control
Make the first Sagnac and interfere the optical path length between interior three elements of (Sagnac) ring 20 and field programmable gate array
(FPGA) touch the time of first phase manipulator 22 (PM) of sending signals to so that two pulses different time through PM22 and
Only light beam pulse is modulated by PM22, the signal deciding that the size of phase modulation is produced by FPGA.0 for not modulate (0 π), and 1 is right
The signal answering modulation voltage 5V (π), FPGA to produce triggers different modulation panels respectively and provides modulated signal, and circuit board is exported
Voltage close behind road, deliver to phase-modulator.Thus, will there are 2 kinds of polarization states in the emergent light through Sagnac ring: 0 ° of line is inclined
Light, 90 ° of line polarisations.Circulator 10 is passed through in now pulse, enters another outlet.
Light pulse signal is modulated through Sagnac ring 20, and now the modulation repetition rate of phase-modulator 22 is system
The 1/2 of work repetition rate.Light pulse signal is through polarization beam apparatus 30c subsequently, by the light pulse signal of 2 kinds of polarization states respectively
Send into the second circulator, the 3rd circulator.Optical signal through the second circulator enters Sagnac and interferes (Sagnac) ring 32
Carrying out Polarization Modulation, its modulated signal is the 1/4 of repetition rate as in figure 2 it is shown, the system of repetition rate works.Light arteries and veins after modulation
Rushing signal to be detected by the second circulator, feeding single-photon detector 332a, 332b, the now work of detector repeats frequency
Rate is the 1/4 of system work repetition rate.Optical signal through the 3rd circulator enters Sagnac ring and carries out Polarization Modulation, and it is adjusted
Signal processed is the 1/4 of repetition rate as in figure 2 it is shown, the system of repetition rate works.Light pulse signal after modulation passes through the 3rd ring
Row device, sends into single-photon detector 334a, 334b and detects, and now the work repetition rate of detector is that system work repeats
The 1/4 of frequency.Now, single-photon detector 332a detecting optical pulses 1,5,9～～(4n+1)；Single-photon detector 332b detects
Light pulse 3,7,11～～(4n+3)；Single-photon detector 334a detecting optical pulses 2,6,10～～(4n+2)；Single photon detection
Device 334b detecting optical pulses 4,8,12～～(4n+4)；The detector determined all it is admitted to by this beam splitting scheme light pulse signal
Detect, it is to avoid the reduction of the detection efficient that the uncertainty of beam splitting causes, it is ensured that quantum secret communication system carrying
Code check is improved into while high workload speed.
When we need 10GHz single-photon detector to detect, the work of APD is repeated by this four-way multiplexing scheme
Frequency is reduced to 2.5GHz.And by 8 channel multiplexings, APD operating frequency can be down to 1.25GHz, reduce single channel APD further
The requirement of operating frequency.Certainly, along with the increase of multiplex channel, the difficulty of the suppression of its integrated difficulty and interchannel crosstalk also exists
Improve.
The effect of embodiment and beneficial effect
What the present embodiment was provided is applicable to the avalanche photoelectric diode detection array of ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system,
Owing to achieving high-speed single photon detection array based on avalanche photodide (APD) by the scheme of multichannel multiplexing, can
Meet 10GHz and the demand of above quantum secret communication system.
And different from traditional multiplexing scheme, this system interferes (Sagnac) ring to realize single photon signal by Sagnac
Beam splitting, it is to avoid the reduction of single photon detection array overall test efficiency, it is ensured that quantum secret communication system is improving work
Code check is improved into while making speed.
The avalanche photoelectric diode detection array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system that the present embodiment provides, profit
By the single or multiple single photon beam-splitting system interfering (Sagnac) ring based on Sagnac, each mini system includes sequential phase
The modulating part closed, light splitting part.Utilize the GHz high speed sequence that control circuit produces as modulated signal in ring, be carried in
In modulating part, it is different quantum states by the photonic modulation arrived the most in the same time, and by the light splitting part in light path so that
Single photon is split according to the difference of quantum state, thus realizes multichannel time division multiplex.Light pulse can be believed by this technical scheme
Number beam splitting detects to the detector determined, it is to avoid the reduction of the detection efficient that the uncertainty of beam splitting causes, it is ensured that
Quantum secret communication system improves into code check while improving operating rate.
Multichannel APD detection array.Detector similar for multiple performances is integrated to form detection array, improve integrated level and
Stability, reduces power consumption.Each channel detector work repetition rate up to GHz, integrated after can meet 10GHz and above quantum and protect
The demand of close communication system.
Claims (6)
1. it is applicable to an avalanche photoelectric diode detection array for ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system, for receiving the external world
Flashlight detection information, it is characterised in that including:
First circulator, has input light-path and two output light-pathes, after the described flashlight receiving extraneous input
Divide two-way output and control the outbound course of this flashlight；
First Sagnac interferes (Sagnac) ring, by the first polarization beam apparatus, first phase manipulator and the first faraday
Rotator connects and composes clockwise through light path, described first polarization beam apparatus and a described output of described first circulator
Light-path is connected by light path；And
Two light splitting probe units, this light splitting probe unit include having three light-pathes circulator, respectively with this circulator
In the Sagnac that connects of two light-pathes interfere (Sagnac) ring and single photon detection assembly,
Wherein, Sagnac interferes (Sagnac) ring clockwise by polarization beam apparatus, phase-modulator and Faraday rotator
Being connected and composed by light path, polarization beam apparatus connects with an output light-path of circulator,
Single photon detection assembly, detecting polarization beam splitter, two and this detecting polarization beam splitter light path the single-photon detecting connected
Survey device forms, and this single-photon detector is used for detecting the optical signal of described detecting polarization beam splitter output,
Light splitting probe unit is connected with another output light-path of the first circulator by light-splitting device.
The avalanche photodide detection battle array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system the most according to claim 1
Row, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, described light-splitting device is polarization beam apparatus.
The avalanche photodide detection battle array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system the most according to claim 1
Row, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, between described light-splitting device and described circulator it is 45 ° to be welded together.
The avalanche photodide detection battle array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system the most according to claim 1
Row, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, described single-photon detector includes avalanche photodide.
The avalanche photodide detection battle array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system the most according to claim 4
Row, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, described avalanche photodide is InGaAs avalanche photodide.
The avalanche photodide detection battle array being applicable to ultrahigh speed quantum secret communication system the most according to claim 1
Row, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, the described input light path of described first circulator and the flashlight in the described external world are 45 ° and are welded together.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109347544A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-02-15 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Fiber optical time domain reflection instrument based on extremely low noise near-infrared single photon detection system |
| CN109429508A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-03-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of photon detection system |
| CN112104452A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-12-18 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Light splitting assembly, polarization decoding device for quantum key distribution and receiving end |
| RU2772379C2 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2022-05-19 | ВЕЛОДАЙН ЛИДАР ЮЭсЭЙ, ИНК. | Systems and methods for suppressing flashing of an avalanche photodiode (apd) |
| US11906626B2 (en) | 2018-02-15 | 2024-02-20 | Velodyne Lidar Usa, Inc. | Systems and methods for mitigating avalanche photodiode (APD) blinding |
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| CN109429508A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-03-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of photon detection system |
| RU2772379C2 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2022-05-19 | ВЕЛОДАЙН ЛИДАР ЮЭсЭЙ, ИНК. | Systems and methods for suppressing flashing of an avalanche photodiode (apd) |
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| CN112104452A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-12-18 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Light splitting assembly, polarization decoding device for quantum key distribution and receiving end |
| CN112104452B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-05-03 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Light splitting assembly, polarization decoding device for quantum key distribution and receiving end |
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