CN106105457A - Carbon nanomaterial improves the method for lawn composting substrate Trichoderma spp. quantity - Google Patents
Carbon nanomaterial improves the method for lawn composting substrate Trichoderma spp. quantity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106105457A CN106105457A CN201610443437.1A CN201610443437A CN106105457A CN 106105457 A CN106105457 A CN 106105457A CN 201610443437 A CN201610443437 A CN 201610443437A CN 106105457 A CN106105457 A CN 106105457A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
- B01J20/205—Carbon nanostructures, e.g. nanotubes, nanohorns, nanocones, nanoballs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method using carbon nanomaterial to improve lawn composting substrate Trichoderma spp. quantity, mainly regulate and control angle from lawn matrix microorganism, assemble as lawn matrix with consumer garbage compost, to mix four kinds of different carbon nanomaterials wherein as process group, cultivated by lawn plant, after different carbon nanomaterial a period of time is added in research, to improve Trichoderma spp. quantity in substrate.After carbon nanomaterial is added to turf establishment system, realize the regulation and control of substrate Trichoderma spp. quantity bacterium quantity, the present invention is after adding nano material, trichoderma quantity raises, and pathogenic bacterium Fusarium quantity declines, it is likely that the addition being because carbon nanomaterial strengthens the trichoderma antagonism to Fusarium spp..Technical support is provided for carbon nanomaterial Trichoderma spp. quantity application in garbage compost lawn matrix.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, relate to a kind of employing carbon nanomaterial and improve lawn composting substrate Trichoderma spp.
The method cultivating quantity.
Background technology
Carbon nanomaterial is an at least material less than 100 nm in three dimensional structure.Carbon nanomaterial has size
Little, specific surface area is big, and surface can be high, and the feature that surface atom ratio is big shows at aspects such as mechanics, optics, calorifics, electricity
Excellent properties.There is a lot of micro-interface in nano-particle, various interfacial reactions can be strengthened by it, dirty at heavy metal-polluted soil
Dye and sewage purification aspect play obvious action.
Carbon is the highest at nature content, the most extremely important for Organic substance and life entity.1985, scientist
It is found that by 60 former molecular C of C60.CNT and Graphene etc. are found the most in succession subsequently.2004, Geim etc.
People has successfully prepared single-layer graphene.Found successively in the special nature in optical, electrical, thermal and magnetic along with Graphene afterwards,
Research about material with carbon element enters again a brand-new field.
Along with science and technology, being continuously increased of the fast development of modern industry and population, in the world a lot of countries all in
Reveal the trend that water body, soil and atmospheric pollution are the most serious.Report is pointed out, the river of China 50% and the lake of more than 80%
Pool has had been subjected to pollute, and many lakes of III class water standard China of surface water have not reached.The arable land in the whole nation
In have 80,000,000 hm2More than receive pollution in various degree, and distinct issues be exactly organic pollution and
The pollution of heavy metal, this situation the most seriously constrains the enforcement of Sustainable Development Strategy of China, has even threatened compatriots
Health.
Although traditional river system repair technology such as cuts dirt, Sediment Dredging etc. temporarily can play some effects, but all controls
Mark does not effects a permanent cure, and biological restoration limiting factor has a lot, such as ambient temperature and Acidity of Aikalinity etc., and this allows for biological restoration visitor
Significant limitation is there is in sight.As traditional contaminated soil remediation method, soil moved in improve the original method, leaching method waste time and energy, and
Well effect is not had for large-area reparation.Compared with traditional environment restoring method, nano material is used for weight
Metallic prosthetic, the absorbability superpower because of it and the specific surface area of super large, the shortcoming that the most there is not traditional method, also show
High remediation efficiency.Additionally atmospheric pollution aspect situation is also SO that is the severeest, that exceed standard in air2, CO and NOxIn the moment
Threaten our healthy.Nano material has splendid catalytic efficiency, even can be catalyzed the most non-incident reaction
New method and thinking is provided for solving generation atmosphere polluting problem.Therefore, utilize nano material solve water body and soil with
And the pollution problem of air is increasingly worth people to pay close attention to.And the research of carbon nanomaterial is the most promising neck
Territory.
Research in recent years finds that CNT can effective heavy metal ion in adsorbed water body.The experiment table of Li etc.
Bright CNT can lead ion in adsorbed water body, and have the biggest dependency with the pH value of solution.Along with solution ph
Increase, the absorbability of lead ion is increased by CNT the most therewith.Langmuir and Freundlich model can solve
Release this adsorption process.Subsequently, Li etc. are investigated the CNT of the different mode of oxidizing process adsorption effect to cadmium ion
Relatively, finding after oxidation processes, the specific surface area of CNT dramatically increases, and the quantity of surface functional group also has substantially increasing
Many.Specifically, CNT is through KMnO4Adsorption effect after oxidation is apparently higher than H2O2And HNO3Oxidation effectiveness.Separately
Outward, next Li et al. has carried out again the experiment of carbon nanotube adsorption copper ion, have studied the CNT of different shape to lead
The absorption of ion is compared, the CNT Adsorption Kinetics to lead ion and the situation of desorption, and discusses carbon
Nanotube is to lead ion, copper ion and cadmium ion competitive Adsorption situation in the same solution.Research finds, CNT pair
It is Pb to the absorption order of three of the above different ions in solution2+＞ Cu2+＞ Cd2+, wherein to lead ion (Pb2+), copper ion
(Cu2+) absorption can with Langmuir equation explain.
Li Yanhui etc. utilize HNO3The CNT of oxidation processes has been carried out Pb2+Adsorption experiment.Research finds HNO3
Carbon nano tube surface after oxidation processes is long-pending to be significantly increased, and additionally the functional group such as-OH ,-CO ,-COOH has been introduced in carbon and receives
The surface of mitron.This can be remarkably reinforced carbon nanotube adsorption Pb2+Active area and active force, thus improve CNT
To Pb2+Adsorbance.Result shows, adsorbance raises along with the rising of temperature, and this explanation CNT is to Pb2+Absorption
It it is an exothermic process.Regeneration test shows, adsorption effect dramatically increases with the increase of pH value.When pH as little as 2, carbon nanometer
The Pb of absorption on pipe2+Desorption rate is to 85%, thus provides theory depend on for realizing recycling of carbon nanotube adsorption material
According to.
In addition, Graphene and graphene oxide for Organic Pollution and are revealed the environmental pollution caused by oil
Also there is the strongest repair.After Graphene modification to the adsorption effect of pollutant in environment more preferably, and adsorbance increase,
Performance is more stable.Chen et al.]The three-dimensional porous graphene oxide film prepared shows huge in terms of selecting absorption
Big potentiality.The weight of its absorption machine oil can reach 37 times of own wt, and the weight of absorbing organic solvent is then more than self
26 times of weight, its adsorption effect compares flake graphite alkene and foamy graphite alkene is much higher.In addition, this porous oxidation
The character of graphene film is sufficiently stable, recycles after the adsorbent on available hexane removal surface.Higher absorption
Amount and longer recycling number of times make this three-dimensional porous graphene oxide film organics removal and cleaning oil pollution
Aspect shows great application prospect.
Above-mentioned analysis shows, the carbon nanomaterial such as Graphene and CNT environmental area application mainly soil,
Water body and atmospheric pollution reparation aspect, and apply as regulator, especially carbon nanomaterial is at compost lawn base
As microorganism adjusting control agent in matter, research there is no document report at present.
Along with the junk produced in China's economic growth and the quickening of urbanization speed, urban life and production process
Present the trend dramatically increased.Meanwhile, the supporting process of house refuse is the most complete, and a large amount of rubbish are exposed to city
In, environment is caused the biggest impact.Composting is urban garbage disposal and resource compares mode easily,
This can not only digest the house refuse in city, alleviates the urban environment pressure that house refuse is brought, and also produces simultaneously
The supply agricultural productions of a large amount of compost fertilizer.
Containing nutrient necessary to a large amount of plant growings in house refuse, therefore consumer garbage compostization is processed also
Compost is used for the effective way that agricultural production is its recycling.
Research finds to add appropriate garbage compost to be effectively increased crop yield in the middle of soil.Because of soil physical chemistry
Matter and agrotype are different, and its amplification there is also significant difference.Zhou Dezhi etc.]After have studied interpolation garbage compost, yellowish soil,
The wheat yield change of plantation in moisture soil and red soil.Result shows, after adding appropriate garbage compost, crop all has volume increase effect
Really, wherein red soil effect is best.He Liyuan etc. study discovery, the yield of Plantula Brassicae chinensis along with garbage compost amount of application raising and
Increase, and difference reaches significant level compared with the control.Additionally, crop yield is not only had an impact by using of compost, to crop
Quality also increase significantly effect.The research of square pavilion et al. finds, is added to by garbage compost in reddish brown loam, and soil is made
In the seed of thing Brassica campestris L, the content of protein significantly raises, and protein contained in soybean kernel substantially increases.
But, people also began to recognize and did not contain only nutrient substance in garbage compost in the last few years, simultaneously possibly together with one
Quantitative heavy metal, if chronic administration can increase the content of heavy metal in soil.Therefore, compost is used for agricultural production may
A series of food-safety problem can be brought.Visible, avoiding food chain, to realize the recycling of garbage compost significant.No
Only such, for preventing compost utilization from causing heavy metal pollution of soil, even bring threat to ecological environment, must while application
The problem that heavy metal is repaired must be considered.
Traditional sod production is typically to utilize high-quality soil.The physical property of soil can be had a huge impact by this,
Fertility is caused to decline.Additionally during sod production, the topsoil soils of 2 more than cm can be pulled away, and fertile topsoil soils enters city
Ecosystem, and after sod production several times, agricultural land soil will become more and more barrenr, so that finally cannot enter again
Row agricultural production, this is waste great to land resources.If turf establishment is using consumer garbage compost as primary structure,
Municipal refuse can not only be digested, additionally it is possible to alleviate turf production and bring the destruction of topsoil soils.
Nanotechnology development in recent years is very rapid, all shows wide application at aspects such as material, information, environment
Prospect.Although there being some to study theoretical research, show that nano material can grow the shadow produced in various degree to microorganism
Ring, but apply its regulating and controlling effect, also there is no correlation technique report.
Fungus belongs to eukaryotic microorganisms, and widely, the multiformity of fungus is for biosphere for the distribution in nature
Stable state and balance play an important role, and fungus also provides substantial amounts of living resources for the mankind simultaneously.In terms of Biomass,
Fungus in soil account for part and parcel.Wherein having kind more than 200 is conditioned pathogen.Fungus can be decomposed in the middle of soil
Organic form humus, provide nutrient for plant, the growth of supply soil animal, and fungus be also Indices of Ecological
Important criterion.Farmland, meadow, forest land etc. are local, and we can easily find the figure of fungus, but due to its institute
The environment at place is different, and under different Environmental Factors, in soil, different rule all can occur in the bacterium colony composition of fungus, distribution
Rule.Research finds that fungus plays function miscellaneous in the environment, such as explains cellulose, chelated metal ions etc.,
These functions also make to be in fungal ecology environment the status of tool foot weight.
Summary of the invention
Carbon nanomaterial just has the heavy metal in the biggest range of application, adsorbed water body and soil because of its special structure
It it is the important application of one of which.The present invention, from substrate microorganism angle, with consumer garbage compost and soil mixture is
Lawn matrix material, to mix four kinds of different carbon nanomaterials wherein as process group, is cultivated by lawn plant, is received by carbon
Rice material is added to the analysis of Trichoderma spp. number change after turf establishment system, for carbon nanomaterial in garbage compost lawn matrix
The application of Trichoderma spp. regulating and controlling of quantities provides technical support.
The invention discloses following content for achieving the above object:
A kind of method using carbon nanomaterial to improve lawn composting substrate Trichoderma spp. cultivation quantity, it is characterised in that by following step
Suddenly carry out:
(1) experiment material
Experiment soil takes from Tianjin Normal University's campus 0-20 cm topsoil, and fundamental property is: water content 19.4%, pH
7.27, electrical conductivity 2250 S/cm, phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 52.3,3.75,2.15 g/kg.
Experiment consumer garbage compost is from Tianjin little Dian destructor plant.PH is 7.49, electrical conductivity 2300 S/cm,
Phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 132,6.81,25.1 g/kg.Heavy metal Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd content is respectively 703,
341、217、677、5.01 mg/kg。
Being purchased from Qiu Shi carbon black plant, Tianjin for examination nano carbon black (CB), particle diameter is 20 ~ 70 nm, and specific surface area is 1200 m2/
G, pH value is 7.0, utilizes KMnO before experiment4To its modification.
Graphene (G) microplate is purchased from Nanjing Ji Cang nanosecond science and technology company limited, and structure is black foil shape, microplate size
0.5-20 um, thickness 5-25 nm, specific surface area 40-60 m2/ g, density about 2.25 g/cm3, electrical conductivity 8000-10000 S/
M, phosphorus content > 99.5%.
Graphene oxide (GO) is purchased from Suzhou Heng Qiu nanometer company, for black or brownish yellow powder, average thickness 3.4-7
Nm, lamella diameter 10-50 μm, specific surface area 100-300 m2/ g, purity > 90%.
CNT (CNT) is purchased from Beijing and wins space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter 20-40 nm, length
10-30 um ,-COOH content 1.43%, purity>90wt%, ashes<8wt%, specific surface area>110 m2/ g, conduction: > 102 s/
cm。
(2) experimental technique:
Measure soil moisture content after fetching earth immediately, be calculated the ratio of soil dry weight and weight in wet base.Proportionally calculate to obtain dry weight
Wet soil weight corresponding to 1500 g.Claim the wet soil of corresponding weight mixes with 30 g garbage composts, stir, loading internal diameter
In the plastic flowerpot of high 20 cm of 15 cm, fill 15 basins altogether.
Experiment sets 5 process, Graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), CNT (CNT), modified Nano white carbon black altogether
(CB) weigh the ratio of 1% in dry ground to be added separately in mixed-matrix, with the process without carbon nanomaterial for comparison (CK),
Fully mix after adding carbon nanomaterial, every basin sowing tall fescue seed 5g.During cultivation, temperature is 19 ~ 27 DEG C, the wettest
Degree is 60 ~ 72%, and every day keeps the skin wet to soil, makes soil moisture be maintained at the 70% of water capacity.After cultivating 130d, will
In basin, 0-5cm deep soil takes out mixing, crosses 60 mesh sieves, and the preservation of-20 DEG C of refrigerator, for microorganism separation and analysis of accounts.
The present invention further discloses the method using carbon nanomaterial to improve lawn composting substrate fungal culture quantity
In the application improving lawn composting substrate Trichoderma spp. quantitative aspects；And reducing the application of pathogenic bacterium Fusarium quantitative aspects,
Carbon nanomaterial therein refers to KMnO4Modified nano carbon black, Graphene, CNT and graphene oxide.Experiment knot
Fruit display: the total number of fungi that CNT processes is most, and nanometer carbon black and graphene oxide process in total number of fungi relatively
Few.The present invention is after adding nano material, and trichoderma quantity raises, and pathogenic bacterium Fusarium quantity declines, it is likely to
Because the addition of carbon nanomaterial strengthens the trichoderma antagonism to Fusarium spp..
More detailed description of the present invention is as follows:
1 develops materials and methods
1.1 experiment material
Experiment soil takes from Tianjin Normal University's campus 0-20 cm topsoil, and fundamental property is: water content 19.4%, pH
7.27, electrical conductivity 2250 S/cm, phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 52.3,3.75,2.15 g/kg.
Experiment consumer garbage compost is from Tianjin little Dian destructor plant.PH is 7.49, electrical conductivity 2300 S/cm,
Phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 132,6.81,25.1 g/kg.Heavy metal Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd content is respectively 703,
341、217、677、5.01 mg/kg。
Being purchased from Qiu Shi carbon black plant, Tianjin for examination nano carbon black (CB), particle diameter is 20 ~ 70 nm, and specific surface area is 1200 m2/
G, pH value is 7.0, utilizes KMnO before experiment4To its modification.
Graphene (G) microplate is purchased from Nanjing Ji Cang nanosecond science and technology company limited, and structure is black foil shape, microplate size
0.5-20 um, thickness 5-25 nm, specific surface area 40-60 m2/ g, density about 2.25 g/cm3, electrical conductivity 8000-10000 S/
M, phosphorus content > 99.5%.
Graphene oxide (GO) is purchased from Suzhou Heng Qiu nanometer company, for black or brownish yellow powder, average thickness 3.4-7
Nm, lamella diameter 10-50 μm, specific surface area 100-300 m2/ g, purity > 90%.
CNT (CNT) is purchased from Beijing and wins space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter 20-40 nm, length
10-30 um ,-COOH content 1.43%, purity>90wt%, ashes<8wt%, specific surface area>110 m2/ g, conduction: > 102 s/
cm。
Technology design
Measure soil moisture content after fetching earth immediately, be calculated the ratio of soil dry weight and weight in wet base.Proportionally calculate to obtain dry weight
Wet soil weight corresponding to 1500 g.Claim the wet soil of corresponding weight mixes with 30 g garbage composts, stir, loading internal diameter
In the plastic flowerpot of high 20 cm of 15 cm, fill 15 basins altogether.
Experiment sets 5 process, Graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), CNT (CNT), modified Nano white carbon black altogether
(CB) weigh the ratio of 1% in dry ground to be added separately in mixed-matrix, with the process without carbon nanomaterial for comparison (CK),
Each process repeats for three times.Fully mix after adding carbon nanomaterial, every basin sowing tall fescue seed 5g.During cultivation, temperature is
19 ~ 27 DEG C, relative humidity is 60 ~ 72%, and every day keeps the skin wet to soil, makes soil moisture be maintained at water capacity
70%.After cultivating 130d, 0-5cm deep soil in basin is taken out mixing, cross 60 mesh sieves, the preservation of-20 DEG C of refrigerator, divide for microorganism
From with analysis of accounts.
Method of production
1.3.1 fungi culture medium compound method
Cultivating fungus rose bengal medium, concrete formula is peptone 5g, glucose 10g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, sulfur
Acid magnesium (MgSO4·7H2O) 0.5g, agar 20g, rose-bengal solution 3.3mL, the distilled water 1000mL of 1%.121 DEG C of sterilizings
20 minutes, room temperature added 1% streptomycin 3ml when drying in the air to 50-60 DEG C, fully mix, and is poured into culture dish afterwards, standby.Strepto-
The addition of element can suppress the growth of fungus in culture medium effectively.
The determination of fungal culture optimum concentration
Instruct according to Microbiology Experiment and in the past cultivation experience primarily determined that optimum concentration that fungal culture observes was 10-2-
10-3Between.Take the matrix soil in 0.5g matched group to pour in the conical flask equipped with 50ml sterilized water, make 10-2The soil of concentration
Earth leachate, sealing is placed on shaking table, vibrates 20 min with 150 rpm.Vibration stands 10 S after stopping.Draw l mL
Soil extract moves in test tube and adds 9 mL sterilized water, is diluted 10 times, makes 10-3The soil extract of concentration, fills
Divide mixing.Take 200ul soil extract even spread respectively to LB culture medium, culture dish is inverted into the constant temperature training of 28 degree
Supporting in case, lucifuge is cultivated.Continuous Observation fungus growing state, counts after its suitable size quantity is stable.Preliminary experiment
Found that 10-2This concentration is the optimum concentration that in the composting substrate of lawn, fungal culture is observed.When incubation time is two days
Suitable counting.
Fungus plate count method
Experiment uses the fungus in dilution plate rubbing method isolation medium, and specific operation process is: weigh 0.5 g lawn compost base
Matter is poured in the conical flask equipped with 50 mL sterilized water, is placed on shaking table conical flask sealing with 150 rpm vibrations 20
Min, obtains 10-2The soil suspension of concentration.The earth suspension 200ul that fetches earth is expelled on solid rose bengal medium and is coated with
Cloth is uniform, cultivates 2d in culture dish is inverted in 28 DEG C of constant incubators afterwards, selects clump count in the range of 30-300
Flat board carry out separate counting, and press colony characteristics sort out, number.With plate streak, the fungus being separated to is purified,
It is placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerators saving backup.
Fungal colonization multiformity method
Use Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 17. 0 software that data carry out statistical analysis, use single factor test side
The difference of difference analysis (one-way ANOVA) inspection various features index, analyzes its difference with Duncan duncan's new multiple range method
Significance (α=0.05).Shannon (Shannon-Wiener index) diversity indices (H), the uniformity (Pielou) is used to refer to
Number (E) and richness (Margalef) index (D) represent fungal diversity, and its formula is:
It is in groupIndividual species
Number of individuals accounts for the ratio of total individual number in group,The number of individuals of individual species, H is the specific diversity of actual observation,For maximum specific diversity, S is the species number in group, and N is sum individual in group.
2 development results analyses
2.1 lawn composting substrates can cultivate total number of fungi
Different disposal substrate can be cultivated fungus colony sum and see Fig. 1.Add in carbon nanomaterial each process group and can cultivate fungus
Quantity does not occur significantly to change.Different carbon nanomaterial effects are different, and wherein CNT processes and compares comparison
Group total number of fungi has raised, but difference is the most notable.Nanometer carbon black compares matched group total number of fungi with graphene oxide process to be had
Reduced, no significant difference；But comparing CNT process group, its total number of fungi substantially reduces, significant difference (P＜ 0.05).
It is identical with Graphene process group that matched group can cultivate total number of fungi, is all 1.93 × 104 cfu·g-1.Quantity in 5 process groups
Most is CNT process group, and quantity has reached 2.27 × 104cfu·g-1, it is 1.17 times of matched group.At nanometer carbon black
Reason group and graphene oxide process group sum account for the 73.5% and 72.8% of matched group respectively.
2.2 lawn composting substrates can cultivate fungal diversity
Bacterial strain statistical result is carried out community diversity computing, and result is as shown in Figure 2.After adding carbon nanomaterial, can in substrate
Cultivate fungal diversity and there is no significant change.
Matched group processes the Shannon prestige of fungus and receives diversity indices and be up to 3.11, Graphene process group, carbon nanotube
The diversity indices difference 3.11,3.05,2.92,2.99 of reason group, nanometer carbon black process group and graphene oxide process group, respectively
Account for the 99.86% of matched group, 98.03%, 93.90%, 95.95%, the most notable with matched group difference.
Matched group process group diversity index is relatively low, is 2.55.Nanometer carbon black process group in four carbon nanometered disposal groups
Diversity index is the highest, is 2.94, is 1.15 times of matched group.Graphene process group and graphene oxide process group abundant
Degree index is 2.83 and 2.77, is 1.11 and 1.08 times of matched group respectively.CNT process group then accounts for matched group
99.48%, all there is no notable difference between above several process groups.
The evenness index that matched group processes is minimum, is 0.54.Graphene process group, CNT process group, nano-sized carbon
The evenness index of black process group and graphene oxide process group is respectively 0.60,0.56,0.60 and 0.56, is comparison respectively
1.10,1.03,1.10 and 1.03 times of group, between each process group, difference is the most notable.
Fungus colony composition in the composting substrate of lawn
Bacterium colony composition and proportion thereof in different disposal substrate are shown in Table 1.Although fungus can be cultivated between each process group
Sum difference is inconspicuous, but the sociales that can cultivate fungus in each process there occurs substantially change.Send out through 18SrDNA order-checking
Existing, the fungus of the isolated 19 strain different shapes of this technology adheres to 7 genus separately.It is Fusarium that CK processes sociales, and its quantity is
Many.Carbon nanomaterial processes trichoderma and quantitatively shows significant advantage, becomes sociales.This shows carbon nano adsorption
The addition of material may affect the composition of substrate fungus, and then changes the sociales of fungus in substrate.
Table 1 different disposal soil can be cultivated fungus composition and ratio (%)
3 develop conclusion
After adding nano material, different substrates can be cultivated the number of fungus, compare matched group and be not significantly different from.Concrete next
Saying, during the total number of fungi that CNT processes is most, and nanometer carbon black and graphene oxide process, total number of fungi is relatively fewer.Wood
Mycete survival ability is very strong, is the Antagonistic Fungi of a kind of broad spectrum activity, is widely present in soil and other substrate.Can be to reaping hook
The multiple pathogenic fungi such as bacterium, pythium spp produces antagonism.Statistics finds, trichoderma at least can show 29 kinds of cause of diseases true
The antagonistic activity of bacterium.Head blight is the plant typical disease caused by fusarium infection, it is possible to cause cereal crop growth
The biggest impact.Its impact not only shows and causes on crop failure, and the quality of corn and edibility also show substantially fall
Low.In addition the multiple toxin that pathogenic bacteria produces can be delivered to the internal of other animals and plants even mankind by food chain,
The health of human and animal in serious threat.Therefore, research to Fusarium spp. both at home and abroad is all attached great importance to.This technology is received in interpolation
After rice material, trichoderma quantity raises, and pathogenic bacterium Fusarium quantity declines, it is likely that be because adding of carbon nanomaterial
Enter to strengthen the trichoderma antagonism to Fusarium spp..
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is to cultivate fungus colony sum (unit: × 10 in different disposal substrate3Cfu g-1)；
Fig. 2 is to cultivate fungus colony diversity indices in different disposal substrate.
Detailed description of the invention:
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, technological means used in the present invention is
Method known in those skilled in the art.It addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, and the model of the unrestricted present invention
Enclosing, the spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow.To those skilled in the art, without departing substantially from this
On the premise of bright spirit and scope, the various changes or the change that carry out the material component in these embodiments and consumption also belong to
In protection scope of the present invention.The present invention is raw materials used, reagent is commercially available.
Embodiment 1
(1) experiment material
Experiment soil takes from Tianjin Normal University campus 10 cm topsoil, and fundamental property is: water content 19.4%, pH
7.27, electrical conductivity 2250 S/cm, phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 52.3,3.75,2.15 g/kg.
Experiment consumer garbage compost is from Tianjin little Dian destructor plant.PH is 7.49, electrical conductivity 2300 S/cm,
Phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 132,6.81,25.1 g/kg.Heavy metal Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd content is respectively 703,
341、217、677、5.01 mg/kg。
Being purchased from Qiu Shi carbon black plant, Tianjin for examination nano carbon black (CB), particle diameter is 20 nm, and specific surface area is 1200 m2/ g,
PH value is 7.0, utilizes KMnO before experiment4To its modification.
Graphene (G) microplate is purchased from Nanjing Ji Cang nanosecond science and technology company limited, and structure is black foil shape, microplate size
0.5 um, thickness 5 nm, specific surface area 40 m2/ g, density about 2.25 g/cm3, electrical conductivity 8000 S/m, phosphorus content > 99.5%.
Graphene oxide (GO) is purchased from Suzhou Heng Qiu nanometer company, for black or brownish yellow powder, average thickness 3.4-7
Nm, lamella diameter 10 μm, specific surface area 100 m2/ g, purity > 90%.
CNT (CNT) is purchased from Beijing and wins space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter 20 nm, length
10um ,-COOH content 1.43%, purity>90wt%, ashes<8wt%, specific surface area>110 m2/ g, conduction: > 102 s/cm.
(2) experimental technique:
Measure soil moisture content after fetching earth immediately, be calculated the ratio of soil dry weight and weight in wet base.Proportionally calculate to obtain dry weight
Wet soil weight corresponding to 1500 g.Claim the wet soil of corresponding weight mixes with 30 g garbage composts, stir, loading internal diameter
In the plastic flowerpot of high 20 cm of 15 cm, fill 15 basins altogether.
Experiment sets 5 process, Graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), CNT (CNT), modified Nano white carbon black altogether
(CB) weigh the ratio of 1% in dry ground to be added separately in mixed-matrix, with the process without carbon nanomaterial for comparison (CK),
Fully mix after adding carbon nanomaterial, every basin sowing tall fescue seed 5g.During cultivation, temperature is 19 DEG C, and relative humidity is
60%, every day keeps the skin wet to soil, makes soil moisture be maintained at the 70% of water capacity.After cultivating 130d, by deep for 1cm in basin
Degree soil takes out mixing, crosses 60 mesh sieves, and the preservation of-20 DEG C of refrigerator, for microorganism separation and analysis of accounts.
Embodiment 2
(1) experiment material
Experiment soil takes from Tianjin Normal University campus 20 cm topsoil, and fundamental property is: water content 19.4%, pH
7.27, electrical conductivity 2250 S/cm, phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 52.3,3.75,2.15 g/kg.
Experiment consumer garbage compost is from Tianjin little Dian destructor plant.PH is 7.49, electrical conductivity 2300 S/cm,
Phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 132,6.81,25.1 g/kg.Heavy metal Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd content is respectively 703,
341、217、677、5.01 mg/kg。
Being purchased from Qiu Shi carbon black plant, Tianjin for examination nano carbon black (CB), particle diameter is 70 nm, and specific surface area is 1200 m2/ g,
PH value is 7.0, utilizes KMnO before experiment4To its modification.
Graphene (G) microplate is purchased from Nanjing Ji Cang nanosecond science and technology company limited, and structure is black foil shape, microplate size 20
Um, thickness 25 nm, specific surface area 60 m2/ g, density about 2.25 g/cm3, electrical conductivity 10000 S/m, phosphorus content > 99.5%.
Graphene oxide (GO) is purchased from Suzhou Heng Qiu nanometer company, for black or brownish yellow powder, average thickness 7 nm, sheet
Layer diameter 50 μm, specific surface area 100-300 m2/ g, purity > 90%.
CNT (CNT) is purchased from Beijing and wins space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter 40 nm, length 30
Um ,-COOH content 1.43%, purity>90wt%, ashes<8wt%, specific surface area>110 m2/ g, conduction: > 102 s/cm.
(2) experimental technique:
Measure soil moisture content after fetching earth immediately, be calculated the ratio of soil dry weight and weight in wet base.Proportionally calculate to obtain dry weight
Wet soil weight corresponding to 1500 g.Claim the wet soil of corresponding weight mixes with 30 g garbage composts, stir, loading internal diameter
In the plastic flowerpot of high 20 cm of 15 cm, fill 15 basins altogether.
Experiment sets 5 process, Graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), CNT (CNT), modified Nano white carbon black altogether
(CB) weigh the ratio of 1% in dry ground to be added separately in mixed-matrix, with the process without carbon nanomaterial for comparison (CK),
Fully mix after adding carbon nanomaterial, every basin sowing tall fescue seed 5g.During cultivation, temperature is 27 DEG C, and relative humidity is
72%, every day keeps the skin wet to soil, makes soil moisture be maintained at the 70% of water capacity.After cultivating 130d, by deep for 5cm in basin
Degree soil takes out mixing, crosses 60 mesh sieves, and the preservation of-20 DEG C of refrigerator, for microorganism separation and analysis of accounts.
Claims (4)
1. one kind uses the method that carbon nanomaterial improves lawn composting substrate fungal culture quantity, it is characterised in that by following
Step is carried out:
(1) experiment material
Experiment soil takes 0-20 cm topsoil；
Being 20 ~ 70 nm for examination nano carbon black particle diameter, specific surface area is 1200 m2/ g, pH value is 7.0, utilizes KMnO before experiment4
To its modification；
Graphene microchip size 0.5-20 um, thickness 5-25 nm, specific surface area 40-60 m2/ g, density about 2.25 g/cm3, electricity
Conductance 8000-10000 S/m, phosphorus content > 99.5%；
Graphene oxide average thickness 3.4-7 nm, lamella diameter 10-50 μm, specific surface area 100-300 m2/ g, purity > 90%；
Carbon nanotube diameter 20-40 nm, length 10-30 um ,-COOH content 1.43%, purity>90wt%, ashes<8wt%, than
Surface area > 110 m2/ g, conduction: > 102 s/cm；
(2) experimental technique:
Measure soil moisture content after fetching earth immediately, be calculated the ratio of soil dry weight and weight in wet base, proportionally calculate to obtain dry weight
Wet soil weight corresponding to 1500 g, claim the wet soil of corresponding weight mixes with 30 g garbage composts, stir, loading internal diameter
In the plastic flowerpot of high 20 cm of 15 cm, fill 15 basins altogether；
Experiment sets 5 process altogether: Graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), CNT (CNT), modified Nano white carbon black (CB) are pressed
Dry ground weighs the ratio of 1% and is separately added into, and fully mixes, be right with the process without carbon nanomaterial after adding carbon nanomaterial
According to (CK), every basin sowing tall fescue seed 5g, during cultivation, temperature is 19 ~ 27 DEG C, and relative humidity is 60 ~ 72%, and every day is given
Soil keeps the skin wet, and makes soil moisture be maintained at the 70% of water capacity, after cultivating 130d, is taken by 0-5cm deep soil in basin
Going out mixing, cross 60 mesh sieves, the preservation of-20 DEG C of refrigerator, for microorganism separation and analysis of accounts.
2. the method described in claim 1, wherein the fundamental property of soil is: water content 19.4%, pH 7.27, electrical conductivity 2250
S/cm, phosphorus organic, complete, full nitrogen are respectively 52.3,3.75,2.15 g/kg；
Experiment consumer garbage compost is from Tianjin little Dian destructor plant, and pH is 7.49, and electrical conductivity 2300 S/cm is organic
Matter, full phosphorus, full nitrogen are respectively 132,6.81,25.1 g/kg；
Heavy metal Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd content are respectively 703,341,217,677,5.01 mg/kg；
Nano carbon black, particle diameter is 20 ~ 70 nm, and specific surface area is 1200 m2/ g, pH value is 7.0, utilizes KMnO before experiment4Right
Its modification；
Graphene microchip size 0.5-20 um, thickness 5-25 nm, specific surface area 40-60 m2/ g, density about 2.25 g/cm3, electricity
Conductance 8000-10000 S/m, phosphorus content > 99.5%；
Graphene oxide average thickness 3.4-7 nm, lamella diameter 10-50 μm, specific surface area 100-300 m2/ g, purity > 90%；
CNT, diameter 20-40 nm, length 10-30 um ,-COOH content 1.43%, purity>90wt%, ashes<8wt%, than
Surface area > 110 m2/ g, conduction: > 102 s/cm.
3. the method using carbon nanomaterial to improve lawn composting substrate fungal culture quantity described in claim 1 is improving lawn
The application of composting substrate Trichoderma spp. quantitative aspects；Carbon nanomaterial therein refers to KMnO4Modified nano carbon black, Graphene,
CNT and graphene oxide.
4. the method using carbon nanomaterial to improve lawn composting substrate fungal culture quantity described in claim 1 is caused a disease in reduction
The application of bacterium Fusarium quantitative aspects, carbon nanomaterial therein refers to nano carbon black and graphene oxide.
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