CN106102052A - A kind of two dimensional wireless physical layer key generation method of combined channel amplitude and phase place - Google Patents
A kind of two dimensional wireless physical layer key generation method of combined channel amplitude and phase place Download PDFInfo
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- CN106102052A CN106102052A CN201610116660.5A CN201610116660A CN106102052A CN 106102052 A CN106102052 A CN 106102052A CN 201610116660 A CN201610116660 A CN 201610116660A CN 106102052 A CN106102052 A CN 106102052A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
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Abstract
The invention discloses the two dimensional wireless physical layer key generation method of a kind of combined channel amplitude and phase place, the method, based on arrowband flat fading channel, is that channel magnitude and the channel phase of estimation are combined into a polar coordinate point.According to the region that amplitude is different with the different demarcation of phase combination bit number, then carry out being quantized into different bit streams according to the region at polar coordinate point place.The enforcement step of the method includes: the Alice of the present invention sends detectable signal to node Bob, after Bob receives signal, and measures channel characteristics with it, then sends packet to Alice, and node Alice receives and measures.Multiple back and forth after, obtain channel magnitude and phase vectors.Last Alice and Bob carries out quantization according to the difference of bit needed for channel magnitude and phase place respectively and obtains initial key.Compared with the present invention generates scheme with key based on channel phase, there is the inconsistent rate of relatively low bits of original, reduce communicating pair information reconciliation degree to each other.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the two dimensional wireless physical layer key generation method of a kind of combined channel amplitude and phase place, belong to wireless
Communication technical field.
Background technology
Along with the development of wireless network, radio communication serves the most important effect in life.But by
In broadcast and the opening of wireless medium, the information of propagation is as easy as rolling off a log to be ravesdropping, the privacy of radio communication and safety problem
Have become as the focus of extensive concern.The technology of traditional guarantee communication security is mainly in Internet based on cryptography,
Its safety depends on computing capability, and along with the arrival in quantum information epoch, the most traditional encryption method is easy to be cracked,
Safety of physical layer technology then can reach the safety in information theory meaning, and the ultimate principle of information theory safety is to need to add
Close scheme and the channel coding technology exploring channel randomness ensure that third party cannot eavesdrop on wireless medium.
Key generation techniques refers to utilize communication technology and means to be generated as the accidental channel that communicating pair safety is shared
Parameter, as cipher key-extraction material.The research of existing cipher key-extraction mainly includes based on received signal strength (Received
Signal Strength, RSS) and the big class of channel phase two, study in addition with a small amount of extraction algorithm about other parameter,
Such as channel characteristics such as channel condition information, channel impulse response, signal envelopes.Only from single channel characteristics, such as channel phase
Position is gone to consider generation of encryption keys, the problem that there is the inconsistent rate of higher bits of original.And the present invention can solve well
The problem in face.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at solving above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of combined channel amplitude and phase place
Two dimensional wireless physical layer key generation method, the method is the reciprocity utilizing time-division system wireless channel, to two nodes it
Between channel magnitude and phase place measure, thus extract key bit, generate scheme with key based on channel phase compared with,
The present invention has the inconsistent rate of relatively low bits of original, reduces communicating pair information reconciliation degree to each other.The present invention joins
Close channel magnitude and phase place, it is achieved that two dimensional wireless physical layer key generates, and takes full advantage of the characteristic of channel.
The present invention solves its technical problem and is adopted the technical scheme that: a kind of combined channel amplitude and the two dimension nothing of phase place
Line physical layer key generates scheme, and the method is based on arrowband flat fading channel, by the channel magnitude estimated and channel phase group
Synthesize a polar coordinate point, according to the region that amplitude is different with the different demarcation of phase combination bit number, then according to polar coordinate
The region at some place carries out being quantized into different bit streams.
Method flow:
The Alice of the present invention sends detectable signal to node Bob, and after Bob receives signal, and it is special to measure channel with it
Levying, then send packet to Alice, node Alice receives and measures.Multiple back and forth after, obtain channel magnitude and phase position vector
Amount.The present invention is by amplitude measurements and it is to corresponding phase place one polar coordinate point of composition, according to amplitude and phase combination bit
The different region of different demarcation of number, last Alice and Bob carries out being quantized into different respectively according to the region according to a place
Bit stream obtains initial key.Specifically include following steps:
Step 1:Alice sends detectable signal s to Boba(t), the signal y that Bob receivesB(t)=sa(t)*hAB+nB, measure
Going out channel magnitude r and θ, same Bob then sends detectable signal to Alice, and Alice receives and measures.Finally, multiple back and forth
After, channel phase vector representation is as follows:
θa=[θa(1)T,...,θa(N)T]
θb=[θb(1)T,...,θb(N)T]
Wherein, N is vector length, each element θ in vectora(1),θb(1),...,θa(N),θb(N) it is, often to measure
One secondary channel, the sampled value set of multiple repairing weld.The vector r of channel magnitudeaAnd rbRepresent.
Each element r in the amplitude vector that step 2:Alice and Bob will obtaina(1),rb(1),...,ra(N),rb
(N) linear normalization is carried out according to the maximum in vector element and minima.Namely the difference of element value and minima divided by
The difference of maxima and minima, thus obtains new vector element value ρa(1),ρb(1),...,ρa(N),ρb(N)。
Step 3:Alice and Bob the most just amplitude measurements form a polar coordinate point, example with it to corresponding phase place
Such as polar coordinate point (ρa(1),θa(1)).Range value is positioned between [0,1], phase place obey [-π, π) be uniformly distributed, thus
Point has been mapped in unit circle.According to the region that amplitude is different with the different demarcation of phase combination bit number, then according to point
The region at place carries out being quantized into different bit streams, and region of the present invention is quantized interval q, and quantized interval q determines
The key bit number of rear generation.Simply the bit needed for the difference of zoning shape, phase and amplitude is the most different.The present invention gives
3 bit keys having gone out joint amplitude and phase place generate scheme.
The present invention is based on narrowband fading flat channel, utilizes the reciprocity of time-division system wireless channel.
The characteristic of channel of the present invention is very sensitive to the distance between receiving terminal and transmitting terminal, when listener-in Eve is logical with legal
Distance between user Alice and Bob of letter is more than more than λ/2 distance, the measurement h of EveAEAnd hBESurvey with Alice and Bob
Amount is almost without dependency.
Beneficial effect:
1, the present invention takes full advantage of the characteristic of channel, compared with key based on channel phase generation scheme, has relatively
The inconsistent rate of low bits of original, reduces communicating pair information reconciliation degree to each other.
2, combined channel amplitude of the present invention and phase place, achieves two dimensional wireless physical layer key well and generates.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the physical layer wireless eavesdropping system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is 2 bit phase and the scheme of 1 bit amplitudes combination producing 3 bit keys of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is 2 bit amplitudes and the scheme of 1 bit amplitudes combination producing 3 bit keys of the present invention.
Specific embodiments
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the invention is described in further detail.
The all of explanation of symbols of the present invention includes:
saT pumping signal that (): Alice sends；
sbT pumping signal that (): Bob sends；
hBA: the channel gain corresponding to channel from Bob to Alice when Bob sends detectable signal；
hAB: the channel gain corresponding to channel from Alice to Bob when Alice sends detectable signal；
yAT signal that (): Alice receives；
yBT signal that (): Bob receives；
ra: the amplitude vector that Alice measures；
rb: the amplitude vector that Bob measures；
θa: the phase vectors that Alice measures；
θb: the phase vectors that Bob measures；
ρa: the amplitude vector after Alice linear normalization；
ρb: the amplitude vector after Bob linear normalization
As it is shown in figure 1, it is reciprocity property based on common radio channel that radio physical layer key of the present invention generates.Eavesdropping letter
Road system model is as shown in Figure 1, it is assumed that wireless communication system has two legitimate node Alice and Bob and passive aggression person
Eve.Legitimate node Alice and Bob measures the reciprocity property of physical channel, uses h respectivelyABAnd hBARepresent.When listener-in Eve with
Distance between legitimate correspondence user Alice and Bob is more than more than λ/2 distance.The measurement h of EveAEAnd hBEWith Alice and Bob
Measurement almost without dependency.For arrowband flat fading channel, legitimate correspondence both sides Alice and Bob sends out mutually in TDD mode
Training sequence, and the detection time interval of both sides is less than the correlation time of channel.
As Fig. 2, the Alice of the present invention send detectable signal to node Bob, after Bob receives signal, and measure with it
Channel characteristics, then sends packet to Alice, and node Alice receives and measures.Multiple back and forth after, obtain channel magnitude and
Phase vectors.The present invention is by amplitude measurements and it is to corresponding phase place one polar coordinate point of composition, according to amplitude and phase-group
Closing the region that the different demarcation of bit number is different, last Alice and Bob is quantized into according to according to the region at a place respectively
Different bit streams obtains initial key.Specifically include following steps:
Step 1:Alice sends sounding channel s to Boba(t), the signal y that Bob receivesB(t)=sa(t)*hAB+nB, measure
Going out channel magnitude r and phase theta, same Bob then sends detectable signal s to Aliceb(t), the signal y that Alice receivesA(t)=
sb(t)*hBA+nAAnd measure channel magnitude and phase place.hBAWhen sending detectable signal for Bob corresponding to channel from Bob to Alice
Channel gain, for multiple Gaussian random process.hABWhen sending detectable signal for Alice corresponding to channel from Alice to Bob
Channel gain；nA,nBFor independent identically distributed multiple Gaussian random variable.Finally, multiple back and forth after, channel phase vector representation is such as
Under:
θa=[θa(1)T,...,θa(N)T]
θb=[θb(1)T,...,θb(N)T]
Wherein, N is vector length, each element θ in vectora(1),θb(1),...,θa(N),θb(N) it is, often to measure
One secondary channel, the sampled value set of multiple repairing weld.The vector r of channel magnitudeaAnd rbRepresent.
Each element r in the amplitude vector that step 2:Alice and Bob will obtaina(1),rb(1),...,ra(N),rb
(N) linear normalization is carried out according to the maximum in vector element and minima.Namely the difference of element value and minima divided by
The difference of maxima and minima, thus obtains new vector element value ρa(1),ρb(1),...,ρa(N),ρb(N).Do so
Purpose be the characteristic not considering statistical parameter, simply amplitude can be carried out uniform quantization
Step 3:Alice and Bob the most just amplitude measurements form a polar coordinate point, example with it to corresponding phase place
Such as polar coordinate point (ρa(1),θa(1)).Range value is positioned between [0,1], phase place obey [-π, π) be uniformly distributed, thus
Point has been mapped in unit circle.According to the region that amplitude is different with the different demarcation of phase combination bit number, then according to point
The region at place carries out being quantized into different bit streams, and region of the present invention is quantized interval q, and quantized interval q determines
The key bit number of rear generation.Simply the bit needed for the difference of zoning shape, phase and amplitude is the most different.Such as Fig. 3 institute
Showing, 3 bit keys are made up of 2 bit phase and 1 bit amplitudes, due to the bit needed for phase place many thus first carrying out interval,
Measuring phase place obedience to be uniformly distributed, quantized interval is divided into 4 intervals, and quantized interval is pi/2, carries out group with amplitude the most again
Close and be thus divided into 8 quantized intervals, the corresponding binary gray code of each quantized interval.Phase and amplitude all uses all
Even quantization.Quantified by the interval at polar coordinate point place, use Gray code here.Also shown in FIG. 4,3 bits are close
Key is made up of 2 bit amplitudes and 1 bit phase, and difference is exactly to be first to divide from amplitude specifically.
2 bit associating keys and 3 bits are combined the bit error rate of key and the key generated by phase place by the present invention respectively
Being contrasted, it can be seen that along with the increase of signal to noise ratio, the bit error rate of curve is all to reduce, but combined channel amplitude
The key generated with phase place has the inconsistent rate of relatively low bits of original, thus can reduce the degree of following key agreement.
Claims (4)
1. the two dimensional wireless physical layer key generation method of a combined channel amplitude and phase place, it is characterised in that described method
Comprise the steps:
Step 1:Alice sends detectable signal s to Boba(t), the signal y that Bob receivesB(t)=sa(t)*hAB+nB, measure letter
Road amplitude r and θ, same Bob then to Alice send detectable signal, Alice receives and measures, finally, multiple back and forth after, believe
Road phase vectors is expressed as follows, it may be assumed that
θa=[θa(1)T,...,θa(N)T]
θb=[θb(1)T,...,θb(N)T]
Wherein, N is vector length, each element θ in vectora(1),θb(1),...,θa(N),θb(N) it is, often to measure once to believe
Road, the sampled value set of multiple repairing weld, the vector r of channel magnitudeaAnd rbRepresent；
Each element r in the amplitude vector that step 2:Alice and Bob will obtaina(1),rb(1),...,ra(N),rb(N) foundation
Maximum in vector element and minima carry out linear normalization, namely the difference of element value and minima divided by maximum with
The difference of minima, thus obtains new vector element value, it may be assumed that ρa(1),ρb(1),...,ρa(N),ρb(N)；
Step 3:Alice and Bob the most just amplitude measurements form a polar coordinate point, i.e. pole with it to corresponding phase place and sit
Punctuate (ρa(1),θa(1)), range value is positioned between [0,1], phase place obey [-π, π) be uniformly distributed, thus point is reflected
It is mapped in unit circle, according to the region that amplitude is different with the different demarcation of phase combination bit number, then according to a place
Region carries out being quantized into different bit streams.
A kind of combined channel amplitude the most according to claim 1 and the two dimensional wireless physical layer key generation method of phase place,
It is characterized in that: the region described in step 3 is quantized interval q, quantized interval q determines the key bit number ultimately produced, simply
The difference of zoning shape, the bit needed for phase and amplitude is the most different.
A kind of combined channel amplitude the most according to claim 1 and the two dimensional wireless physical layer key generation method of phase place,
It is characterized in that: described method is based on narrowband fading flat channel, and channel magnitude and the channel phase of estimation are combined into one
Individual polar coordinate point, according to the region that amplitude is different with the different demarcation of phase combination bit number, then according to polar coordinate point place
Region carry out being quantized into different bit streams.
The physical layer key of a kind of combined channel amplitude the most according to claim 1 and phase place generates scheme, and its feature exists
In: the characteristic of channel of described method is very sensitive to the distance between receiving terminal and transmitting terminal, when listener-in Eve and legitimate correspondence
Distance between user Alice and Bob is more than more than λ/2 distance, the measurement h of EveAEAnd hBEMeasurement with Alice and Bob does not has
There is dependency.
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Cited By (14)
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| CN109214153A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-01-15 | 百度在线网络技术（北京）有限公司 | information generating method and device |
| CN109889337A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-14 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of joint intertexture encryption method based on physical layer key |
| CN110278537A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-24 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of incoherent transmission plan of safety for move vehicle system |
| CN110337796A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-10-15 | 三星电子株式会社 | Device and method for generating security key in a wireless communication system |
| CN110830396A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-21 | 西安交通大学 | Physical layer key-based IMSI privacy protection method and device |
| CN111294353A (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-06-16 | 西安交通大学 | IMSI/SUPI physical layer key protection method without channel estimation |
| CN111565090A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-08-21 | 西北工业大学 | Method for enhancing physical layer information reciprocity |
| CN111669730A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-15 | 西安交通大学 | Physical layer key generation method and updating method for one-to-one proximity communication |
| CN112073966A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2020-12-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Key extraction method and system based on wireless channel characteristics |
| CN112104459A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 | Key generation method based on channel fingerprints and auxiliary data |
| CN112788599A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-11 | 东南大学 | Physical layer key generation method based on channel state information |
| CN113132086A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-16 | 电子科技大学 | Method for simultaneously realizing key distribution of physical layer in communication process |
| CN114339744A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2022-04-12 | 中移(成都)信息通信科技有限公司 | Communication method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114430550A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-03 | 四川大学 | Wireless physical layer key generation technology based on neural network model |
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Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110337796A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-10-15 | 三星电子株式会社 | Device and method for generating security key in a wireless communication system |
| US11646882B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2023-05-09 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for generating security key in wireless communication system |
| CN110337796B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2023-03-31 | 三星电子株式会社 | Apparatus and method for generating security key in wireless communication system |
| CN109214153A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-01-15 | 百度在线网络技术（北京）有限公司 | information generating method and device |
| CN109889337A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-14 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of joint intertexture encryption method based on physical layer key |
| CN110278537A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-24 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of incoherent transmission plan of safety for move vehicle system |
| CN110830396B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-28 | 西安交通大学 | Physical layer key-based IMSI privacy protection method and device |
| CN110830396A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-21 | 西安交通大学 | Physical layer key-based IMSI privacy protection method and device |
| CN113132086A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-16 | 电子科技大学 | Method for simultaneously realizing key distribution of physical layer in communication process |
| CN111294353A (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-06-16 | 西安交通大学 | IMSI/SUPI physical layer key protection method without channel estimation |
| CN111294353B (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2021-05-28 | 西安交通大学 | IMSI/SUPI physical layer key protection method without channel estimation |
| CN111565090A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-08-21 | 西北工业大学 | Method for enhancing physical layer information reciprocity |
| CN111669730B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2022-02-22 | 西安交通大学 | Physical layer key generation method and updating method for one-to-one proximity communication |
| CN111669730A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-15 | 西安交通大学 | Physical layer key generation method and updating method for one-to-one proximity communication |
| CN112104459A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 | Key generation method based on channel fingerprints and auxiliary data |
| CN112104459B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2023-05-12 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 | Key generation method based on channel fingerprint and auxiliary data |
| CN114339744A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2022-04-12 | 中移(成都)信息通信科技有限公司 | Communication method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112073966B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-01-26 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Key extraction method and system based on wireless channel characteristics |
| CN112073966A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2020-12-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Key extraction method and system based on wireless channel characteristics |
| CN112788599A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-11 | 东南大学 | Physical layer key generation method based on channel state information |
| CN112788599B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-05-27 | 东南大学 | Physical layer key generation method based on channel state information |
| CN114430550A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-03 | 四川大学 | Wireless physical layer key generation technology based on neural network model |
| CN114430550B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-09-08 | 四川大学 | Wireless physical layer key generation method based on neural network model |
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Application publication date: 20161109 |