CN106099242B - 电池冷却换热器 - Google Patents

电池冷却换热器 Download PDF

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CN106099242B
CN106099242B CN201610513906.2A CN201610513906A CN106099242B CN 106099242 B CN106099242 B CN 106099242B CN 201610513906 A CN201610513906 A CN 201610513906A CN 106099242 B CN106099242 B CN 106099242B
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heat exchanger
fluid
cooling heat
battery cooling
upper housing
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CN106099242A (zh
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葛增芳
张琦
马丽
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Weilai Automobile Technology Anhui Co Ltd
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NIO Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/090521 priority patent/WO2018006740A1/zh
Priority to EP17823552.9A priority patent/EP3480883A4/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0366—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D1/0383—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with U-flow or serpentine-flow inside the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/086—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning having one or more openings therein forming tubular heat-exchange passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • F28F9/0268—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box in the form of multiple deflectors for channeling the heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/276—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/278—Organic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

本发明属于新能源汽车电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池冷却换热器。本发明旨在解决现有换热器换热效率低的问题。为此目的，本发明提供了一种电池冷却换热器，该电池冷却换热器包括：上壳体，所述上壳体设置有进液口和出液口；下壳体，所述下壳体能够与所述上壳体密封连接，形成容纳流体的流体腔，流体从所述进液口进入所述流体腔，然后从所述出液口流出，其特征在于，所述流体腔内设置有至少一个S形导流元件，所述导流元件上设置有多个通流孔。通过在流体腔内设置S形导流元件以及在导流元件上设置通流孔，使得流体在本发明的电池冷却换热器的流体腔内形成喷射流动，从而实现了对上壳体的高效冷却。

Description

电池冷却换热器
技术领域
本发明属于新能源汽车电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池冷却换热器。
背景技术
目前，电动汽车的发展受到人们的广泛关注，而作为电动汽车心脏的电池更是电动汽车研究的重点。电动汽车的电池一般采用动力电池组，在使用过程中，特别是在快速充放电和高速行驶过程中会产生大量的热量，为了保证电池工作在合适的温度范围内，需要对电池组进行有效的冷却。现有技术中，电池包换热器多为上下两个板或单个金属板挤压成型，金属板之间采用钎焊或搅拌摩擦焊接方式连接，内部流体流道基本是冲压或挤压形成，流体在内部腔体流动中多为层流，换热系数不高。另外，轻量化是新能源汽车未来发展的趋势，在电池包***中，电池换热器的轻量化研究，可快速实现电池包***轻量化要求。
在传统冷却板的设计中，电池冷却板均采用金属材料制造，例如连接冲压金属板与平面金属板，从而流体能够流过由两个金属板构成的中空空间。为了实现电绝缘，在金属板连接后使其覆盖有塑料薄膜或绝缘垫。如此，又增加了电池包***的复杂性和成本。
因此，本领域需要一种新的换热器来解决现有技术中的上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有换热器换热效率低的问题，以及为了进一步降低换热器的重量，降低安装工序和使用成本，本发明提供了一种新型电池冷却换热器。该电池冷却换热器包括：上壳体，所述上壳体设置有进液口和出液口；下壳体，所述下壳体能够与所述上壳体密封连接从而形成容纳流体的流体腔，流体从所述进液口进入所述流体腔，然后从所述出液口流出，其特征在于，所述流体腔内设置有至少一个导流元件，所述导流元件上设置有多个通流孔。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述导流元件为S型结构并且沿流体流动方向规则地排列在所述流体腔内。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述通流孔的半径沿流体流动方向逐渐减小。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述导流元件将所述流体腔分成交替排列的流体汇流区和流体喷射区，流体从所述进液口进入流体汇流区，经所述通流孔喷射到所述流体喷射区，依次经过所有导流元件后，从所述出液口流出。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述上壳体为板状结构，所述下壳体包括底板和侧壁，所述底板和侧壁组成上端开口的空腔结构。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述下壳体与所述导流元件均由塑料制成并且一体地注塑成型。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述上壳体与所述下壳体通过胶黏剂或熔焊密封连接。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述上壳体采用铝制板材料或者导热塑料材料制成。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述电池冷却换热器放置在电池模组单元下部或电池模组单元之间，使所述上壳体与所述电池模组单元接触。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，所述电池冷却换热器能够通过并联或串联形式组成电池模组冷却***。
在本发明的技术方案中，通过在流体腔内设置S形结构的导流元件，以及在导流元件上设置通流孔，使得流体在本发明的电池冷却换热器的流体腔内形成喷射流动，从而实现了对上壳体的高效冷却。此外，下壳体与导流元件均由塑料材料制成并且一体地注塑成型，不仅实现了换热器的自绝缘性，使得在实际使用中减少了绝缘垫的使用，而且降低了制造成本，还提高了整个电池冷却换热器的强度，同时使得换热器的整体质量更轻。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电池冷却换热器的上壳体与下壳体分离的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的电池冷却换热器的导流元件的放大结构示意图；
图3是本发明的电池冷却换热器沿进液口到出液口方向的剖视结构示意图，其中示出了冷却液流动和喷射的方向。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，尽管附图中的各个构件以特定比例绘制，但是这种比例关系仅仅是示例性的，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1所示，本发明的电池冷却换热器包括上壳体1、下壳体2和导流元件3，上壳体1为板状结构，其上部设置有进液口11和出液口12，进液口11和出液口12还可以设置在上壳体1上部的其他合适的位置，例如可以设置在上壳体1对角的位置，并不限定于设置在图1示出的位置。下壳体2能够与上壳体1密封连接从而形成容纳流体的流体腔，流体从进液口11进入流体腔，然后从出液口12流出。下壳体2包括底板(图1中的底部，图中未显示)和侧壁21，底板和侧壁组成上端开口的空腔结构，侧壁21上设置有槽口211，上壳体1能够与槽口211配合来封闭下壳体2。具体而言，槽口211可以是围绕侧壁21上边缘的凸缘或凹槽，也可以是使侧壁21下部的厚度大于侧壁21上边缘的厚度所形成的槽边。总之，通过使上壳体1的边沿与该槽口211的尺寸相匹配，进而使上壳体1的边沿刚好能够与该槽口211形成密封的接触。进一步，上壳体1与槽口211形成密封接触后，将上壳体1与下壳体2通过胶黏剂或熔焊密封连接。
继续参照图1，电池冷却换热器还包括导流元件3。参照图2，图2是本发明的电池冷却换热器的导流元件的放大结构示意图。如图2所示，导流元件3总体上为S型结构，其上设置有多个通流孔31，通流孔31的半径在从左往右(图2中所示的方向)依次逐渐减小。继续参照图1，由于流体的方向是从进液口11流进，从出液口12流出，导流元件3沿流体流动方向规则地排列在流体腔内，因此通流孔31的半径为沿流体流动方向逐渐减小。需要说明的是，图1中导流元件3沿流体流动方向排列了六个，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，图1只是示例性地说明本发明的实施方式，并不用于限定本发明的具体结构，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况设计不同尺寸的导流元件3以及不同数量和排列方式的导流元件3，以适应不同情况下电池的冷却需求。下文中继续以本实施方式中六个导流元件的排列为例进行说明。
下面参照图3，图3是本发明的电池冷却换热器沿进液口到出液口方向的剖视结构示意图。由于导流元件3为S形结构，并且沿流体流动方向规则性排列，因此，导流元件3将流体腔分成交替排列的流体汇流区4和流体喷射区5。如图3所示，流体汇流区4由下壳体2与导流元件3形成，流体喷射区5由上壳体1和导流元件3形成，从而使得流体汇流区4和流体喷射区5形成交替排列的结构。具体地，图中箭头方向为流体的流动方向，流体从进液口11进入该流体腔后，在流体汇流区4汇集，在导流元件3的作用下，流体改变方向经通流孔31喷射到流体喷射区5，对上壳体1进行高效的强制冷却，进而流体进入相邻的另一个流体汇流区4汇集，在导流元件3的作用下，流体改变方向经通流孔31喷射到下一个流体喷射区5，依次经过后面所有的流体汇流区4和流体喷射区5后，对整个上壳体1进行冷却，最后经出液口12流出。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，由于通流孔31的半径沿流体流动方向逐渐减小，因此能够实现流体通过导流元件3后喷射的均匀性，而在实际应用中，本领域技术人员可以根据上壳体1的冷却需求适当调节通流孔31的半径大小，以保证对上壳体1的冷却均匀。
在上述电池冷却换热器的优选实施方式中，下壳体2和导流元件3均由塑料材料制成并且下壳体2和导流元件3一体地注塑成型。采用塑料材料的下壳体2和导流元件3本身具备电绝缘性质，此外，在一个生产工序中，制造下壳体2的基本形状的同时还可以制造导流元件3，从而节省了制作过程的步骤，降低了制造成本。并且，通过下壳体2和导流元件3一体注塑成型的设计，还能够提高整个电池冷却换热器的强度。进一步，上壳体1由铝制板材料或导热塑料材料加工制成，其中导热塑料材料包括含有导热金属颗粒或陶瓷颗粒的塑料材料，从而实现上壳体1高效的导热效率。
本发明的电池冷却换热器可以用于新能源汽车电池包冷却***中，使用时，将本发明的电池冷却换热器放置在电池模组单元下部或电池模组单元之间，使上壳体1与电池模组单元充分接触。此外，本发明的电池冷却换热器还能够通过并联或串联形式组成电池模组冷却***。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种电池冷却换热器，包括：
上壳体，所述上壳体设置有进液口和出液口；
下壳体，所述下壳体能够与所述上壳体密封连接从而形成容纳流体的流体腔，流体从所述进液口进入所述流体腔，然后从所述出液口流出，
其特征在于，所述流体腔内设置有至少一个导流元件，所述导流元件上设置有多个通流孔，所述通流孔的半径沿流体流动方向逐渐减小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池冷却换热器，其特征在于，所述导流元件为S型结构并且沿流体流动方向规则地排列在所述流体腔内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池冷却换热器，其特征在于，所述导流元件将所述流体腔分成交替排列的流体汇流区和流体喷射区，流体从所述进液口进入流体汇流区，经所述通流孔喷射到所述流体喷射区，依次经过所有导流元件后，从所述出液口流出。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电池冷却换热器，其特征在于，所述上壳体为板状结构，所述下壳体包括底板和侧壁，所述底板和侧壁组成上端开口的空腔结构。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电池冷却换热器，其特征在于，所述下壳体与所述导流元件均由塑料制成并且一体地注塑成型。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电池冷却换热器，其特征在于，所述上壳体与所述下壳体通过胶黏剂或熔焊密封连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电池冷却换热器，其特征在于，所述上壳体采用铝制板材料或者导热塑料材料制成。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电池冷却换热器，其特征在于，所述电池冷却换热器放置在电池模组单元下部或电池模组单元之间，使所述上壳体与所述电池模组单元接触。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电池冷却换热器，其特征在于，所述电池冷却换热器能够通过并联或串联形式组成电池模组冷却***。
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