CN106097333A - Microwave holography map generalization and reconstructing method and system thereof - Google Patents
Microwave holography map generalization and reconstructing method and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of plane of incidence rough microwave holography map generalization and reconstructing method and system thereof, the transmission structure using syllogic builds model of place, the amplitude information of target scattering field and the microwave hologram of phase information is had by incidence point being solved generation record, and microwave hologram is carried out successively the hologram reconstruction in top dielectric by phase compensating method and layering manufacture method, adds phase compensation and the reconstruction of the hologram reconstruction in layer dielectric target scattering field, i.e. microwave imagery；Operand of the present invention is little, and imaging precision is high, has wide application space and higher practical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology of a kind of microwave holography imaging field, specifically a kind of plane of incidence is rough micro-
Ripple holography map generalization and reconstructing method and system thereof.
Background technology
Microwave holography imaging refers to that (at 300MHz～300GHz, respective wavelength is the electromagnetism of 1m～1mm to frequency with microwave
Ripple) as a kind of imaging means of information carrier, its principle is to use microwave irradiation testee, then by object externals stray
The measured value of field carrys out shape or the distribution of (answering) dielectric constant of reconstruction of objects.With widely known laser, sound wave, millimeter wave etc.
Other imaging techniques are compared, microwave holography imaging have safety, low cost, in theory can be to features such as temperature imagings.But microwave
The main difficulty of holographic imaging is being closely sized to of microwave wavelength and testee, and diffraction is obvious, can only use more
Complicated inversion algorithm based on back scattering.
In actual application, microwave sounding plane is not smooth, but rough, rough incidence
Face can produce the biggest impact to microwave holography imaging, the when that especially the concavo-convex degree of the plane of incidence being bigger, can cause
Microwave sounding information produces bigger error.The most effectively solve the plane of incidence uneven in the case of microwave holography map generalization
With reconstruct, just become the difficult problem having very much real value.The plane of incidence rough microwave holography map generalization and reconstruct
Main difficulty be: one, the building of model of place；Two, incidence wave phase and amplitude after the uneven plane of incidence
The estimation of change；Three, in the case of the plane of incidence is uneven, the reconstruct of microwave hologram.
At present, Vladimir Razevig etc. exist " 14th International Conference on Ground
Penetrating Radar (GPR) " deliver on (2012,331 335) " Comparison of Different Methods
for Reconstruction of Microwave Holograms Recorded by the Subsurface Radar”
In, it is proposed that use different methods to carry out the reconstruct of microwave hologram, including unifrequency method, two frequency method and broadband method.
In the document, only giving the reconstructing method of ideally microwave hologram, under non-ideality, i.e. the plane of incidence is concavo-convex
In the case of injustice, how microwave hologram is reconstructed, and does not provide corresponding method, the most not uneven to the plane of incidence feelings
Under condition, how microwave hologram generates and is described in detail；D.Sukhanov etc. exist " 15th International
Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar GPR2014 " deliver on (2014,663 667) " Three
dimensional non‐contact subsurface radio tomography through a non‐planar
Interface between media " in, it is proposed that use UWB radar to reconstruct the graphics being imbedded in uneven surface
Picture, it is assumed that the fixed pan that UWB radar is on medium moves, and produces UWB radar measurement with fixing step-length.
Compared to microwave holography imaging, this UWB radar imaging is limited by detectable signal and detection range, is difficult to be extended to other ripple
Section and realize long-range detection imaging.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to deficiencies of the prior art, propose the rough microwave hologram of a kind of plane of incidence
Generate and reconstructing method and system thereof, use the transmission structure of syllogic to generate microwave hologram with screen estimation theory mutually, and lead to
Crossing phase compensating method and the reconstruct of layering manufacture method obtains microwave imagery, operand is little, and imaging precision is high.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of plane of incidence rough microwave holography map generalization and reconstructing method, use syllogic
Transmission structure builds model of place, has the amplitude information of target scattering field and phase place to believe by solving incidence point to generate to record
The microwave hologram of breath, and by phase compensating method and layering manufacture method, microwave hologram is carried out successively in top dielectric
In hologram reconstruction, add phase compensation and the hologram reconstruction in layer dielectric and rebuild target scattering field, i.e. microwave figure
Picture.
Described reconstruct hologram in top dielectric refers to: microwave hologram function is carried out Fourier transformation,
The spatial domain frequency spectrum shown up, carries out Fourier inversion after it adds amplitude information and phase information.
Described addition phase compensation refers to: the hologram function reconstructed in top dielectric and one are shielded mutually is total to again
The transfer function of yoke is multiplied.
Described reconstruct hologram in layer dielectric refers to: to the reconstruct in top dielectric through phase compensation
Hologram carries out Fourier transformation, obtains the spatial domain frequency spectrum of layer dielectric, adds the phase information in three dimensions z direction to it,
Obtain two-dimensional space the degree of depth be at z wave spectrum after carry out Fourier inversion.
The present invention relates to a kind of system realizing said method, including: model of place builds module, microwave hologram generates
Module, top dielectric reconstructed module, phase compensation block and layer dielectric reconstructed module, wherein: microwave hologram generation module
Gather model of place and build the amplitude information of object in module and phase information carries out microwave holography map generalization, top dielectric
Reconstructed module carries out the hologram reconstruction in top dielectric according to the microwave hologram generated；Phase compensation block is situated between to upper strata
The hologram of the reconstruct obtained in matter reconstructed module adds phase information, compensates, and be sent to layer dielectric reconstruct mould
Block carries out the hologram reconstruction in layer dielectric, the microwave imagery after being reconstructed.
Technique effect
Compared with prior art, the binary quadratic equation group solving incidence point is reduced to unary biquadratic equation by the present invention
Solve, reduce operand, improving operational speed；The syllogic transmission structure of present invention employing, mutually screen estimation theory and phase place
Compensate reconstructing method and can effectively assess microwave propagation between different medium and the phase propagated at the rough plane of incidence
Position change, simultaneously when reconstruct, the effective compensation phase information of the plane of incidence；The present invention, closer to actual application scenarios, has
Higher using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is microwave holography map generalization and reconstructing method schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is model of place schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the reconstruct schematic flow sheet of microwave hologram；
Fig. 4 is for generating and reconfiguration system schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is embodiment design sketch；
In figure: (a) is original graph, (b) is the microwave hologram generated, and (c) is the microwave imagery of reconstruct.
Detailed description of the invention
Elaborating embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is carried out under premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following enforcement
Example.
Embodiment 1
As it is shown in figure 1, the present embodiment relates to a kind of plane of incidence rough microwave holography map generalization and reconstructing method,
Comprise the following steps:
Step 1, the transmission structure of employing syllogic build model of place, exist with refraction straight line according to the law of refraction and incidence
The coordinate of incidence point is solved in same plane.
The first paragraph of the transmission structure of described syllogic is emission source r0(x0,y0,z0) to the incidence point M of plane z=0
(x, y, 0), both air line distance is designated as D1；Second segment is the refraction point N (x, y ,-d) of incidence point M to z=-d, and both is straight
Line length is designated as d；3rd section is refraction point N to object point rs(xs,ys,zs), both air line distance is designated as D2。
According to shielding estimation theory mutually, microwave only can change the phase place of microwave, Bu Huigai through the rough plane of incidence
Become the amplitude of microwave, then can obtain two equation compositions in the same plane according to the law of refraction and incident straight and refraction straight line
Equation group；According to known conditions, equation group is solved and can be converted into solving of a unary biquadratic equation, take one of them
Meet condition solves the coordinate for incidence point.
The relational expression that the coordinate of described incidence point M solves is:
Wherein: n is layer dielectric folding in scene
Penetrate rate n2With top dielectric refractive index n1Ratio.
Step 2, according to scattering formula in different medium of the coordinate of incidence point M, microwave and shield estimation theory mutually, generate
Microwave hologram u (x, y).
The described plane of incidence is that three-dimensional planar, then emission source and reception source are r0, what transmitting terminal was launched is spherical wave.By
In launch point r0To object point rsRipple to propagate be two-way, so when solving single-point scattering phase place, need to carry out square processing；And
Owing to single-point object wave is freely to scatter three-dimensional, therefore the phase place of single-point object wave should be three dimensions all object points phase place
Sum.
Described emission source r0To object point rsThe amplitude of unidirectional incident object wave and phase change value q (r0,rs) can distinguish closely
It is approximately equal to amplitude and phase place sum, the i.e. q (r of syllogic transmission structure0,rs)=Q1QQ2, wherein: Q1For emission source r0To plane z
The object wave amplitude of the incidence point M of=0 and phase place, Q is object wave amplitude and phase place, the Q of the refraction point N of incidence point M to z=-d2For
Refraction point N to object point rsObject wave amplitude and phase place.
Described Q1And Q2The propagation formula that can use free space wave solves, it may be assumed that
Wherein: E1And E2For the emissive porwer of corresponding object wave, k1For the wave number in top dielectric, k2For the wave number in layer dielectric,
I is imaginary unit, and π is pi；
Described wave number in media as well: k1=n1k0, k2=n2k0, wherein: n1For the refractive index of top dielectric, n2Under for
The refractive index of layer medium, k0=w/c is the wave number in free space, wherein: w is angular frequency, and c is the light velocity.
Described Q uses screen estimation theory mutually to solve:Wherein: E is through uneven
The amplitude of variation value of the plane of incidence, k1(d-H) it is the phase offset of top dielectric, k in the d of boundary region2H is that lower floor is situated between in the d of boundary region
The phase offset that matter produces, H is the concavo-convex value of any point on border, and H ＜ d.
Described microwave hologramWherein: Ω be in three dimensions on object collection a little
Close.
As it is shown on figure 3, step 3, use layering manufacture and phase compensation reconstruct method to microwave hologram u, (x y) enters
Line reconstruction, obtains microwave imagery, specifically includes following steps:
Step 3.1) hologram reconstruction in top dielectric, including:
Step 3.1.1) to microwave hologram function u, (x, y) carries out Fourier transformation, obtains field in plane z=0
Spatial domain frequency spectrum F (kx,ky), wherein: kxAnd kyFor the wave number in x and y direction, k=2 π f/c is the wave number under assigned frequency, and f is frequency
Rate.
Step 3.1.2) to spatial domain frequency spectrum F (kx,kyAmplitude information and the phase information in z direction is added in), it may be assumed thatWherein:kzFor the wave number in z direction, h is emission source r0Arrive
The distance of plane z=0, wherein: e is natural constant.
Step 3.1.3) solveFourier inversion, (x, y) in top dielectric n to obtain microwave hologram u1
The microwave imagery u of middle reconstruct0(x,y)。
Step 3.2) in top dielectric n1The microwave imagery u of middle reconstruct0(x, y) adds phase compensation, will be in previous step
The microwave imagery u obtained in Zhou0(x, y) the complex conjugate transfer function shielded mutually with is multiplied, to compensate through uneven
The impact of the phase place change of the plane of incidence, it may be assumed that
Step 3.3) hologram reconstruction in layer dielectric, including:
Step 3.3.1) to the u through phase compensation1(x, y) carries out Fourier transformation, obtains the spatial domain frequency of layer dielectric
Spectrum
Step 3.3.2) to spatial domain frequency spectrumThe phase information in middle addition three dimensions z direction, obtains two-dimensional space
It is the wave spectrum at z in the degree of depth
Described two-dimensional space is at the wave spectrum that the degree of depth is at z
Step 3.3.3) in order to reconstruct the three-dimensional figure in layer dielectric anisotropism, to kxAnd kyUse two dimension
Fourier inversion, and microwave holography image p after being reconstructed (x, y, z).
Described microwave imagery is:
Its
In: F{} is two-dimensional Fourier transform, F-1{ } is two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform,
Described Fourier transformation and Fourier inversion are two-dimensional Fourier transform and two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform.
As shown in Figure 4, the h of the present embodiment be 0.01m, d be 0.167m, n1It is 1, n2It is 2.2, object point rsMicrowave frequency
For 8*109Hz, light velocity c are 3*108M/s, object is to be embedded in three dimensions, and the three dimensions at object place is that the length of side is
The square of 0.5m.
The propagation in different medium of the described microwave, uses the transmission structure of syllogic；Biography in same medium
Broadcast, use the propagation formula of the ripple of free space.
Described phase compensation reconstructing method for compensating the phase place change that the rough plane of incidence causes, with complete into
The reconstruct of the microwave hologram in the case of face of penetrating is uneven.
The present embodiment, as a example by three-dimensional scenic is tested, is specifically configured to: the plane at emission source place is z=z0Plane, at z
The top of=0 plane, z0Keep constant, z0=h, h are 0.01m, and the size of plane is 0.5m*0.5m, and plane is by 64*64
Point is constituted；The rough plane of incidence is entirely located in the lower section of z=0 plane, and is three-dimensional, and the concavo-convex value of plane of incidence maximum is
D, d be 0.167m, H be any point on the uneven plane of incidence, the value of H is random, but the absolute value of H is less than d；
Object be respectively positioned on the lower section of z=0 plane, i.e. object z coordinate a little be all negative value, the size of three-dimensional space at object place
For 0.5m*0.5m*0.5m, being to be made up of 64*64*64 point, object is to be embedded in this three dimensions, thing in this three dimensions
The value of the point on body is 1, is not that the point on object is set to 0.The top dielectric of the uneven plane of incidence can regard air, n as1
It is set to 1；The layer dielectric of the uneven plane of incidence is soil, n2It is set to 2.2.During actual solving, emission source place
Plane i.e. final microwave holography plane, emission source be to three dimensions scatter, the every bit of microwave holography plane
Value equal to three-dimensional body amplitude a little and the cumulative summation of phase place.What first microwave holography map generalization was carried out is incidence point
Solve, mainly use the law of refraction and incident straight and refraction straight line at same plane to build binary quadratic equation
Group, for the ease of solving, is converted into unary biquadratic equation by binary quadratic equation group and solves, ask at unary biquadratic equation
In solution preocess, three kinds of situations are also divided into solve: the vertical coordinate of (1) emission source is not equal to the vertical coordinate of object point, directly
Unary biquadratic equation radical formula is used to solve；(2) vertical coordinate of emission source is equal to the vertical coordinate of object point, but emission source
Abscissa be not equal to the abscissa of object point, exchange transverse and longitudinal coordinate variable, then use unary biquadratic equation radical formula to carry out
Solve；(3) vertical coordinate of emission source is equal to the vertical coordinate of object point, and the abscissa of emission source is equal to the abscissa of object point, enters
The transverse and longitudinal coordinate of exit point is equal to the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of emission source.The emission source plane constituted for 64*64 point and 64*64*64 are individual
For the object place three dimensions that point is constituted, on the uneven plane of incidence tried to achieve, the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of incidence point is all
The matrix of 1970176 row 1 row.Then syllogic transmission structure is used to carry out solving of microwave hologram with screen estimation theory mutually,
Can obtain the microwave hologram that 64*64 point is constituted, after normalized, the maximum of microwave hologram is 1,
Little value is 0.Finally it is by the reconstruct of microwave hologram, carries out top dielectric reconstruct, phase compensation and layer dielectric weight respectively
Structure, the p obtained (x, y, be z) to be put, by 64*64*64, the three dimensions that constitutes, maximum a little be 1, minima is 0,
Can in z-axis direction an optional value, the two dimension radar image after being reconstructed, the two dimension radar image of this reconstruct be by
64*64 point is constituted, maximum a little be 1, minima is 0.
Claims (9)
1. a plane of incidence rough microwave holography map generalization and reconstructing method, it is characterised in that use syllogic
Transmission structure builds model of place, has the amplitude information of target scattering field and phase place to believe by solving incidence point to generate to record
The microwave hologram of breath, and by phase compensating method and layering manufacture method, microwave hologram is carried out successively in top dielectric
In hologram reconstruction, add phase compensation and the hologram reconstruction in layer dielectric and rebuild target scattering field, i.e. microwave figure
Picture；
The transmission structure of described syllogic includes: first paragraph is emission source r0(x0,y0,z0) to plane z=0 incidence point M (x,
Y, 0), both air line distance is designated as D1；Second segment is the refraction point N (x, y ,-d) of incidence point M to z=-d, both straight lines
Length is designated as d；3rd section is refraction point N to object point rs(xs,ys,zs), both air line distance is designated as D2。
Generation the most according to claim 1 and reconstructing method, is characterized in that, the relational expression that solves of described incidence point is:Wherein: n be in scene layer dielectric refractive index with upper
The ratio of layer medium refraction index.
Generation the most according to claim 1 and reconstructing method, is characterized in that, described microwave hologram
Wherein: Ω be in three dimensions on object set a little, q (r0,rs) it is emission source r0To object point rsAmplitude and phase place
Changing value.
Generation the most according to claim 3 and reconstructing method, is characterized in that, described emission source r0To object point rsAmplitude
Changing value q (r with phase place0,rs) amplitude and the phase place sum of syllogic transmission structure, i.e. q (r can be approximately equal to respectively0,rs)
=Q1QQ2, wherein: Q1For emission source r0To the object wave amplitude of incidence point M and the phase place of plane z=0, Q is incidence point M to z=-d
The object wave amplitude of refraction point N and phase place, Q2For refraction point N to object point rsObject wave amplitude and phase place.
Generation the most according to claim 1 and reconstructing method, is characterized in that, described reconstruct holography in top dielectric
Figure refers to: microwave hologram function is carried out Fourier transformation, the spatial domain frequency spectrum that must show up, and adds amplitude information and phase place to it
Fourier inversion is carried out after information；
Described amplitude information and phase information be:Wherein: kzFor the wave number in z direction, h is emission source and plane z
The distance of=0, i is imaginary unit, and e is natural constant, and π is pi.
Generation the most according to claim 1 and reconstructing method, is characterized in that, described addition phase compensation refers to: will be
In top dielectric, hologram function and the complex conjugate transfer function shielded mutually of reconstruct are multiplied；
The described complex conjugate transfer function shielded mutually isWherein: k=2 π f/c is the wave number under assigned frequency,
H is the concavo-convex value of any point on border.
Generation the most according to claim 1 and reconstructing method, is characterized in that, described reconstruct holography in layer dielectric
Figure refers to: the hologram of reconstruct in top dielectric through phase compensation is carried out Fourier transformation, obtains layer dielectric
Spatial domain frequency spectrum, to its add three dimensions z direction phase information, obtain two-dimensional space the degree of depth be at z wave spectrum after carry out
Fourier inversion；
The phase information in described three dimensions z direction isWherein: kxAnd kyIt is the ripple in x and y direction respectively
Number.
Generation the most according to claim 7 and reconstructing method, is characterized in that, described microwave imagery
Wherein: F{} is two-dimensional Fourier transform, F-1{ } is two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform, n1For the refractive index of top dielectric, n2For lower floor
The refractive index of medium,kzWave number for z direction.
9. one kind realizes the system of arbitrary described method in claim 1～8, it is characterised in that including: model of place builds mould
Block, microwave hologram generation module, top dielectric reconstructed module, phase compensation block and layer dielectric reconstructed module, wherein: micro-
Ripple hologram generation module gathers model of place and builds the amplitude information of object in module and phase information carries out microwave holography
Map generalization, top dielectric reconstructed module carries out the hologram reconstruction in top dielectric according to the microwave hologram generated；Phase
The hologram of the reconstruct that position compensating module obtains in top dielectric reconstructed module adds phase information, compensates, and pass
Deliver to layer dielectric reconstructed module is carried out the hologram reconstruction in layer dielectric, the microwave imagery after being reconstructed.
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| CN112100562A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-18 | 四川大学 | Phase compensation-based method for rapidly generating visible light wave band spherical calculation hologram |
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