CN106094729B - A kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature - Google Patents

A kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature Download PDF

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CN106094729B
CN106094729B CN201610556300.7A CN201610556300A CN106094729B CN 106094729 B CN106094729 B CN 106094729B CN 201610556300 A CN201610556300 A CN 201610556300A CN 106094729 B CN106094729 B CN 106094729B
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carbon emission
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cutter
energy
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CN106094729A (en
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周光辉
周策
田长乐
鲁麒
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
    • G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31414—Calculate amount of production energy, waste and toxic release
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature, including the analysis of mechanical processing process energy carbon, material carbon, waste carbon, technique BOM (c PBOM) designs towards carbon emission based on manufacturing feature and the part process carbon emission calculative strategy three parts based on c PBOM.Process is analyzed, energy carbon, material carbon, waste carbon are defined, decomposes the computation model that lathe function establishes three kinds of carbon emissions, and is the energy consumption calculation model collection of design of workshop three-dimensional；Consider part shape complexity, decomposes the combination that part is one group of standard feature, c PBOM are designed, to be characterized as carbon emission computing unit；According to c PBOM design rules, entire part process carbon emission is calculated in conjunction with Part's Process Route.Present invention encompasses process from material and energy input to the carbon emission of offal treatment, and decomposing part reduces computation complexity, and design c PBOM make quantizing process logic be more clear, and basic data support is provided for the implementation of low-carbon manufacture.

Description

A kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature
Technical field：
The invention belongs to advanced manufacture and technical field of automation, and in particular to a kind of part machinery based on manufacturing feature Process carbon emission quantization method.
Background technology：
In recent years, the global warming issue that is on the rise, sea level rise problem, extreme weather take place frequently the direct shadow such as problem The normal life to the mankind and life security are rung, it is exactly largely to be discharged to cause by greenhouse gases to cause the immediate cause of this phenomenon Greenhouse effects.The 5th assessment report of IPCC explicitly point out global warming more than half be as caused by mankind's activity, Wherein, manufacturing industry is one of major source of greenhouse gas emission, according to《Chinese carbon emission report 2015》, what manufacturing industry generated Carbon emission accounts for the 47% of China's carbon emission total value.The reinforcement of increasing and the production automation of amount of product throughput at present, consumes more More materials and carbon-based fuel will lead to the discharge of more carbon dioxide.According to《The Kyoto Protocol》Regulation, takes carbon in the world This environmental policy instrument of discharge transaction, carbon that some country, area and enterprise are controlled with market mechanism and price means are arranged High-volume, it means that China's manufacturing industry is faced with severe carbon emission cost and increases pressure and technological innovation pressure, manufactures The theory and method of journey energy-saving and emission-reduction are just as there is an urgent need for a recent studies on fields of breakthrough.
Accurately the carbon emission of quantization machining work process is theoretical one of the element task of low-carbon manufacture, while It is that low-carbon manufactures the technological difficulties faced：
(1) mechanical processing process of part has complicated input-output characteristic, involved material, the energy and equipment Carbon emission will be influenced with process, therefore the carbon emission of part processing has the characteristics that polyphyly, dynamic, indirect, Calculating process is combined more difficult with actual processing technique；
(2) part process equipment mostly uses numerically-controlled machine tool, and function is more, action is complicated, needs to design a model and comprehensively count Calculate its process energy consumption；
(3) part shape is complicated, process route is long, directly calculate entire part process carbon emission be difficult into Hand needs the method for reasonable design by calculating process systematization.
Invention content：
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature, Basic data is provided for low-carbon manufacture to support.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention takes the following technical solution to realize：
A kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature, includes the following steps：
1) three kinds of carbon emission sources in part machinery process are defined according to the characteristics of process, including material carbon, Energy carbon and waste carbon；
2) calculation formula of material carbon, energy carbon and waste carbon is provided respectively；
3) technique BOM of the parts to be processed towards carbon emission is designed, the machining feature of parts to be processed is analyzed, completes to treat Design of part part and the technique content part for processing the technique BOM towards carbon emission of part, according to the zero of parts to be processed The calculation formula of material carbon, energy carbon and waste carbon that part structure division and technique content part are provided in conjunction with step 2), obtains To material carbon, energy carbon and the waste carbon of each of each machining feature of parts to be processed cutting member, while according to based on adding Carbon emission computation rule calculates parts to be processed process route phase between the two cutting members of technique BOM of the work part towards carbon emission The energy carbon that adjacent two stages generate by tool changing action and clamping operation, parts to be processed mechanical processing process carbon emission amount are Between two neighboring cutting is first in the material carbon, energy carbon and waste carbon and process route of all cutting members in process route because The sum of the energy carbon that tool changing action and clamping operation generate.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, in step 1), material carbon is that process consumes workpiece material and cutter, with And the carbon emission that the preparation process of cutting fluid generates；
The carbon emission that energy carbon is generated by the preparation process for consuming energy in process；
Waste carbon is that the post-processing of the discarded chip, cutter and the cutting fluid waste gurry that are generated in process generates Carbon emission.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, in step 2), the calculating of material carbon includes：
(1) cutter produces carbon emission
In the process of manufacturing feature, shown in the consumption such as formula (1) of cutter, to it is cumulative obtain reach blunt The downward rounding of cutter number of standard, the cutter sum N scrappedt, consume the calculating such as formula (2) of cutter carbon emission：
In formula, R allows sharpening number, t for cutter for samecuttingiCutting of the cutter under specific machining condition thus Time, TtooliFor cutter life of the cutter under this machining condition, the production-induced carbon emission CE of cutter is discardedptoolIt depends on The number of cutters scrapped：
CEptool=Nt×M×EFptool (18)
In formula, M is the quality for scrapping cutter, EFptoolFor the carbon emission factor of cutter production；
(2) material produces carbon emission
It is the front and back volume differences of this cutting that excision material process, which generates chip volume, causes indirect carbon emission CEpchipFor：
CEpchip=Δ V × ρ × EFpchip (19)
In formula, ρ is the density of workpiece material, EFpchipFor the carbon emission factor of workpiece material production, Δ V is material removal Volume；
(3) cutting fluid produces carbon emission
Carbon emission CE caused by consuming cutting fluidpcfCalculate such as formula：
In formula, T0For the cutting fluid replacement cycle in workshop, M0For the initial volume of cutting fluid, MaTo be supplemented in the replacement cycle Cutting fluid volume, EFpcfTo produce the carbon emission factor of cutting fluid；
In conclusion the total amount of material carbon is：
CEmaterial=CEptool+CEpchip+CEpcf (21)。
The present invention, which further improves, to be, in step 2), the calculating of waste carbon is as follows：
(1) it discards cutter and handles carbon emission
In formula, EFdtoolTo discard the carbon emission factor of cutter processing；
(2) it discards cutting fluid and handles carbon emission
In formula, EFdcfTo discard the carbon emission factor of cutting fluid processing；
(3) it discards chip and handles carbon emission
CEdchip=Δ V × ρ × EFdchip (24)
In formula, EFdchipTo discard the carbon emission factor of chip processing；
So the total amount of waste carbon is：
CEwaste=CEdtool+CEdcf+CEdchip (25)。
The present invention, which further improves, to be, in step 2), energy carbon CEelecIt is decomposed into the energy carbon of seven submodules, Respectively：
Machine Tool Main Drive module carbon emission CEsp, feeding transmission carbon emission CEf, cutter cut off workpiece material process carbon emission CEmr, machine tool basic module operation carbon emission CEbm, lathe automatic tool changer process carbon emission CEtc, lathe spray cutting fluid process carbon row Put CEcfsAnd lathe automatic chip-removal module carbon emission CEmr, and have calculation formula as follows：
T in formulaspFor the time of main shaft rotation, tsp-aFor the time that main shaft accelerates, EFelecFor the carbon emission factor of electric energy, PspStablize power when rotating, P for main shaftsp-aFor the power of main shaft boost phase, n is the rotating speed of main shaft rotation；
T in formulafTo stablize the time of feeding, tf-aFor the time that feeding accelerates, tf-dFor the time that main shaft accelerates, PfIt is steady Power when feeding surely, Pf-aTo accelerate the power in feeding stage, Pf-dFor the power in deceleration feeding stage, vfFor turning for rotation Speed, EFelecFor the carbon emission factor of electric energy；
CEmr=[Pmr×tcutting]×EFelec (28)
PmrFor the power of material removal action, tcuttingFor the cutting time；
CEbm=Pbmtbm×EFelec (29)
PbmFor the operation power of machine tool basic module, tbmFor the run time of lathe；
CEtc=[Ptcttc+Etcon+Etcoff]×EFelec (30)
PtcFor the power of tool changing device, ttcFor tool change time, EtconMutation energy consumption when being opened for tool changing device, Etcoff Mutation energy consumption when being closed for tool changing device；
CEcfs=sgn (X) (Pcfstcutting+Ecfson+Ecfsoff)×EFelec (31)
PcfsTo spray the power of cutting fluid, EcfsonMutation energy consumption when being opened for cooling device, EcfsoffIt is closed for cooling device Mutation energy consumption when closing；
CEcc=sgn (X) (Pcctcutting+Eccon+Eccoff)×EFelec (32)
PccFor the power of automatic filings discharging device, EcconMutation energy consumption when being opened for automatic filings discharging device, EccoffIt is automatic Mutation energy consumption when chip removal device is closed.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, in step 3), technique BOM structure of the parts to be processed towards carbon emission is：
(1) structural information of part, structural information include three grades：Part layer, is indicated by P；Assemblage characteristic layer, by CF It indicates；Essential characteristic layer, is indicated by BF；Duplicate message refers to multiple identical essential characteristics in the same plane in structural information Number arranged evenly；
(2) technique information of essential characteristic, including optional processing method, the process segment of each processing method, lathe, knife Tool, clamping information and cutting parameter, clamping information include fixture and clamping face；
(3) the corresponding technique number of each cutting member；
(4) the corresponding carbon emission information of each cutting member, including material carbon, energy carbon, waste carbon and its total carbon emissions.
The present invention further improve is, in step 3), cutting member be defined as in continuous time it is same cutter to same One machining feature uses the cutting at one time process that same group of cutting parameter is carried out.
The present invention, which further improves, to be, in step 3), two based on processing technique BOM of the part towards carbon emission cut Carbon emission computation rule is between cutting member：
(1) rule 1：Compare each two adjacent technique number in process route, if the value of lathe numbering D is different, It indicates to need replacing lathe between the two cutting members, this is related to transportational process of the workpiece between lathe, is not belonging to part Machining process；
(2) rule 2：In the case that rule 1 compares end, cutter number is compared under conditions of ensureing identical lathe, such as The value of fruit cutter number is different, then illustrates to need to carry out automatic tool changer action between two adjacent cutting members；
(3) rule 3：Compare clamping number under conditions of ensureing identical lathe, if the value of clamping number is different, says Fixture used or fixturing surface are different between bright two adjacent cutting members, need to carry out again clamping operation.
Compared with prior art, the present invention the advantage is that：
(1) it is directed to complicated process lathe energy consumption problem, the present invention carries out Function Decomposition to lathe, and will be after decomposition Each of action be considered as an individual, the life cycle of each individual includes three phases：Startup stage, stable operation stage, Dwell period.Analysis modeling is carried out respectively to the energy consumption of the different phase of each individual, obtains a kind of total calculation processing The method of process energy consumption.Meanwhile a three-dimensional energy consumption model collection is designed to facilitate energy consumption mould complicated and changeable in tissue workshop Type.
(2) present invention in manufacturing feature be basic carbon emission computing unit, avoid and directly analyze entire part carbon The complexity of discharge, while reducing the complexity of calculating.Moreover, manufacturing feature is standard shape, carbon emission calculating process Unified, strong applicability is easily programmed realization.
(3) c-PBOM designed by the present invention is consistent with the process planning of part in logic in use, therefore can be very square Just the process route different to Same Part carries out carbon emission quantization, and work in-process selects different processing sequences, different Lathe, different cutters can efficiently calculate its carbon emission according to c-PBOM, so quantization strategy proposed by the present invention It is the systematic process of a set of strong applicability.
Description of the drawings：
The carbon emission boundary of Fig. 1 process and flow behavior；
The trapezoidal feed speed curves of Fig. 2 and triangle feed speed curve；
Fig. 3 three-dimensional energy consumption model collection schematic diagrames；
The feature decomposition of Fig. 4 parts；
The different processing sequence schematic diagrames of Fig. 5 assemblage characteristics, wherein Fig. 5 (a) is the first processing sequence of assemblage characteristic Schematic diagram, Fig. 5 (b) are second of processing sequence schematic diagram of assemblage characteristic；
Fig. 6 is the three-view diagram of bearing block, and Fig. 6 (a) is front view, and Fig. 6 (b) is sectional view, and Fig. 6 (c) is vertical view, Fig. 6 (d) it is axonometric drawing；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of bearing block blank, wherein Fig. 7 (a) is front view, and Fig. 7 (b) is left view.
Specific implementation mode：
The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Machining work process is to change blank shape, size, phase step by step in certain sequence with machining process To position and performance etc., until as the process of qualified parts, in this process, along with the reduction of blank material, equipment Loss, while also having the consumption of energy and the generation of waste, because the consumption of energy is mainly electric energy, do not consume carbon directly Base fuel, so machining work process only generates indirect carbon emission.Herein (hereinafter referred to as with machining work process Process) be research object, according to process the characteristics of define three kinds of carbon emission sources：
1) material carbon：The carbon emission that process consumes workpiece material and the preparation process of cutter and cutting fluid generates；
2) energy carbon：The carbon emission that the preparation process of consumed energy (electric energy) generates in process；
3) waste carbon：The post-processing of the discarded chip, cutter and the cutting fluid waste gurry that are generated in process is produced Raw carbon emission.
The carbon emission boundary of process and flow behavior can be summarized by Fig. 1, it can be seen that carbon row defined herein It puts since the input of material and electric energy, depends on process, with material stream, energy stream and waste stream promote, and continue Terminate to forming finished product and handling waste.
4.1 multi-source carbon emissions are analyzed and computation model
According to《IPCC countries greenhouse gases inventory guide》, in the world the method for carbon emission metering have a measurement method, material is flat Weighing apparatus method, three kinds of emission factor method, binding is practical, and the present invention uses emission factor method：Carbon emission amount=emission factor × work Fatigue resistance the advantage is that macro-data can be used in emission factor, be easy to obtain.The Specific amounts of three kinds of carbon emissions in process Change method is as follows.
4.1.1 material carbon
Material carbon considers caused by the cutter scrapped in process, the cutting fluid of consumption and discarded chip caused by cutting Carbon emission, so to calculate consumption of the material carbon firstly the need of the various materials of determination.
(1) cutter produces carbon emission
In the process of manufacturing feature, shown in the consumption such as formula (1) of cutter, to it is cumulative obtain reach blunt The downward rounding of cutter number of standard, the cutter sum N scrappedt.Consume the calculating such as formula (2) of cutter carbon emission.
R allows sharpening number, t for cutter for same in formulacuttingiCutting of the cutter under specific machining condition thus Time, TtooliFor cutter life of the cutter under this machining condition.The production-induced carbon emission CE of discarded cutterptoolIt depends on The number of cutters scrapped：
CEptool=Nt×M×EFptool (34)
M is the quality for scrapping cutter, EF in formulaptoolFor the carbon emission factor of cutter production.
(2) material produces carbon emission
It is the front and back volume differences of this cutting that excision material process, which generates chip volume, causes indirect carbon emission CEpchipFor：
CEpchip=Δ V × ρ × EFpchip (35)
ρ is the density of workpiece material, EFpchipFor the carbon emission factor of workpiece material production, Δ V is the body of material removal Product.
(3) cutting fluid produces carbon emission
The consumption of cutting fluid is related to many problems such as supplement and the recycling of cutting fluid in produce reality, cannot be simple Pass through discharge capacity account.Carbon emission CE caused by consuming cutting fluidpcfCalculate such as formula：
T0For the cutting fluid replacement cycle in workshop, M0For the initial volume of cutting fluid, MaThe cutting fluid supplemented in replacement cycle Volume, EFpcfTo produce the carbon emission factor of cutting fluid.
In conclusion the total amount of material carbon is：
CEmaterial=CEptool+CEpchip+CEpcf (37)
4.1.2 waste carbon：
The discarded chip that process generates, cutter are calculated, the carbon emission that cutting fluid generates in post-processing equally needs The discarded object amount of generation is first calculated, three kinds of discarded object amounts are identical as the consumption of three kinds of materials, therefore the calculating of its carbon emission is such as Shown in following formula：
(1) it discards cutter and handles carbon emission
In formula, EFdtoolTo discard the carbon emission factor of cutter processing.
(2) it discards cutting fluid and handles carbon emission
EFdcfTo discard the carbon emission factor of cutting fluid processing.
(3) it discards chip and handles carbon emission
CEdchip=Δ V × ρ × EFdchip (40)
EFdchipTo discard the carbon emission factor of chip processing.
So the total amount of waste carbon is：
CEwaste=CEdtool+CEdcf+CEdchip (41)
4.1.3 energy carbon
The action of lathe is complicated in process, and energy consumption composition is also difficult to directly obtain, and decomposes the function of lathe, obtains Son action it is main as shown in Table 1, each action is considered as an energy consumption object by the present invention, and the life cycle of each object includes Three phases analyze it from the energy consumption condition for starting to end.
1 lathe of table acts and its life cycle
By involved in some process segment to the consumed energy accumulation of each action be this power consumption of polymer processing, so weight Point is the energy consumption model that obtain each action in its life cycle.
(1) main transmission carbon emission
The movement of main shaft rotation is one of most important movement of lathe, generally as the main motion of cutting, drive workpiece or Cutter rotates, and is combined with feed motion and cuts workpiece surface.Main shaft rotation energy consumption is also the main composition of lathe energy consumption One of part, main shaft rotary power is on the one hand related to the performance of lathe, and the main shaft rotary power of different type numerically-controlled machine tool is poor It is different very big；On the other hand related with processing conditions, power increases with the increase of the speed of mainshaft, is expressed as the function P of rotating speedsp (n), startup stage main shaft accelerates to that the rotating speed of target time is short but power is very big, and the electric energy of consumption cannot be ignored, during which rotating speed For the function of acceleration time, therefore power is expressed as the function P of timesp-a(t)；Main shaft decelerating phase energy consumption very little, can ignore Disregard, it is believed that main shaft stop phase does not generate energy consumption.
A in formulaspFor the average acceleration of main shaft boost phase, CEspCarbon emission caused by electric energy for main motion consumption, tspFor the time of main shaft rotation, EFelecFor the carbon emission factor of electric energy, E, F, G, Ea、Fa、GaFor constant, it is fitted by experiment It arrives.
(2) feed motion carbon emission
The power of feeding is influenced by machine tool capability and feed speed both sides, and the feed power of a machine tool can indicate For the function P of feed speedf(vf), the acceleration of feeding and decelerating phase are all controlled by motor, consume electric energy, during which feed speed It is the function of time, therefore power is expressed as the function P of timef-a(t) and Pf-d(t), it if feeding distance is shorter, only includes and adds Speed feeding and deceleration feeding process (Fig. 2).
L is feeding distance, CE in formulafCarbon emission caused by electric energy, t are consumed for feed motionfTo stablize the time of feeding, af-aTo feed the average acceleration of boost phase, af-dFor derogatory section of average acceleration of feeding, A, B, C, Aa、Ba、Ca、Ad、Bd、 CdFor constant, obtained by experiment fitting.
(3) material removal carbon emission
The energy consumption of material removal includes that the electric energy of added losses, point of a knife are loaded for the electric energy and lathe of point of a knife excision material The power P of excision materialcuttingAct on two aspect of plastic deformation and the friction of cutter and workpiece surface of workpiece material, mainly by Main cutting force FcIt generates, size is codetermined by cutter and workpiece material, cutting parameter；Load added losses PaIt is that cutting is negative Load acts on main axis transmission system and feeding transmission system generates excess loss, and many experiments show PaIt can be expressed as Pcutting Quadratic function.
Pcutting=Fc×vc
Pa=aPcutting+a2Pcutting
Pmr=Pcutting+Pa
CEmr=[Pmr×tcutting]×EFelec (44)
vcFor cutting speed, main cutting force FcIt is obtained by empirical equation, a is constant, is obtained by experiment fitting, PmrFor material The power of excision action, tcuttingIt is the cutting time.
(4) basic module carbon emission
For specific lathe, basic module (such as digital control system, illumination), automatic tool changer, spray cutting fluid and automatic The power of chip removal is usually constant, and only related with the performance of lathe without being influenced by processing conditions, therefore its power information can It is obtained by experiment.
Machine tool basic module runs carbon emission：
CEbm=Pbmtbm×EFelec (45)
PbmFor the operation power of machine tool basic module, tbmFor the run time of lathe.
(5) automatic tool changer acts carbon emission
Automatic tool changer includes mainly automatic returning cutter carrier, capstan head hair style tool changing device, the automatic tool changer dress with tool magazine It sets, tool changing energy consumption depends on the cutter spacing number n turned overt, t0To turn over the time of a cutter spacing, cutter spacing number determines total tool change time：
ttc=t0×nt
CEtc=[Ptcttc+Etcon+Etcoff]×EFelec (46)
PtcFor the power of tool changing device, EtconMutation energy consumption when being opened for tool changing device, EtcoffIt is closed for tool changing device When mutation energy consumption.
(6) it sprays cutting fluid and automatic chip-removal acts carbon emission
Auxiliary when spray cutting fluid and automatic chip-removal are cuttings, it is thus not essential to action, it is assumed that spray cutting fluid (automatic row Bits) in process presence or absence event be X, there are X be 1, there is no X be 0.
CEcfs=sgn (X) (Pcfstcutting+Ecfson+Ecfsoff)×EFelec (47)
PcfsTo spray the power of cutting fluid, EcfsonMutation energy consumption when being opened for cooling device, EcfsoffIt is closed for cooling device Mutation energy consumption when closing.
CEcc=sgn (X) (Pcctcutting+Eccon+Eccoff)×EFelec (48)
PccIt is the power of automatic filings discharging device, EcconIt is mutation energy consumption when automatic filings discharging device is opened, EccoffIt is automatic Mutation energy consumption when chip removal device is closed.
4.1.4 three-dimensional energy consumption model collection
From the foregoing discussion, it should be apparent that the calculating of energy carbon is substantially the calculating of lathe energy consumption, the computation model of power consumption of polymer processing Closely related with processing conditions, the combination of different workpieces material and lathe, cutter corresponds to different energy consumptions and carbon emission calculates Model.Herein for specific processing workshop respectively with workpiece material, lathe model, three dimensions of cutter model establish energy consumption meter Models Sets are calculated, lathe model determines main shaft rotation, and fast feed, automatic tool changer, lathe is standby, it is dynamic to spray cutting fluid, automatic chip-removal The energy consumption calculation model of work, workpiece material, lathe model, cutter model codetermine the material removal energy consumption calculation of load stage Model.It is deposited on node in the coordinate system established with D (device), T (cutting tool), M (material) three coordinates Corresponding energy consumption calculation model is stored up, the corresponding a large amount of energy consumptions of the combination of a large amount of process equipments in integration process workshop are come with this Model, after having selected one group of process equipment, so that it may be determined with being combined according to energy carbon emission computation model collection selection parameter Cutting parameter is substituted into determining model by carbon emission computation model (Fig. 3), so that it may to calculate the carbon emission of consumed energy.
The c-PBOM of 4.2 feature baseds
Manufacturing feature is the subregion with specific shape on piece surface, in the AP224 application protocols of STEP standards In provide the Parametric Definitions of a variety of common manufacturing features.In general, a part includes multiple manufacturing features, such as Hole, face, step, slot etc..The feature structure of part can be divided into two levels, and first layer is that can geometrically continue to be divided into basic system The assemblage characteristic layer of feature is made, assemblage characteristic includes characteristic crossover, feature nesting；The second layer is essential characteristic layer, is referred to inseparable The basic body of solution, feature structure such as Fig. 4 of a part.
Effectively part can be described by feature, and the technology of part is exactly special according to manufacture Sign design, so from feature set about carry out part process carbon emission analysis and calculate can make calculating process more meet plus The design logic of work technique reduces the complexity of calculating simultaneously.
The feature structure of part can be divided into two levels, and first layer is the combination spy that can continue to be divided into basic manufacturing feature Layer is levied, assemblage characteristic includes characteristic crossover, feature nesting；The second layer is essential characteristic layer, refers to nondecomposable basic body, one The feature structure of a part such as Fig. 4, each feature include the design informations such as material and shape, size, precision, position.
4.2.1 designing c-PBOM structures
According to its processing technology information of the design information reasoning of part feature, i.e. the process planning process of part, feature Technique information includes processing method, process segment, process equipment etc., and the available processing method of a usual feature is not only One, and according to different surface accuracies, the process of feature corresponds to the roughing of processing method, semifinishing, finishing The middle different process segment in addition to this, and is faced with the select permeability of different lathes and cutter, fixture.So a feature Generally there are a plurality of optional processing technology, different processing technologys to generate different carbon emissions, these information are organized, is formed Part process BOM (c-PBOM) towards carbon emission.
The present invention defines identical lathe in continuous time, and same tool uses same group of cutting parameter to same machining feature The cutting at one time process carried out is a cutting member.Each process segment of machining feature has the flexibility selected equipment, It is different cutting members to select different process equipments then to the same process segment.
C-PBOM includes the content of following four part：(1) structural information of part, structural information include three grades： Part layer, is indicated by P；Assemblage characteristic layer, is indicated by CF；Essential characteristic layer, is indicated by BF.Structural information further includes repeating to believe Breath, refers to the number arranged evenly of multiple identical essential characteristics in the same plane；(2) technique information of essential characteristic, including Optional processing method, the process segment of each processing method, lathe, cutter, clamping information and cutting parameter, clamping information include Fixture and clamping face；(3) the corresponding technique number of each cutting member, technique number be connect cutting member technique information and The bridge of carbon emission information；(4) the corresponding carbon emission information of each cutting member, including material carbon, energy carbon, waste carbon and its Total carbon emissions.
4.2.2 c-PBOM is completed
Steps are as follows by three of completion c-PBOM：
Step 1：
The design of part message part in table is completed according to the analysis of the geometry of part and feature recognition, is believed according to structure The working ability in breath and workshop completes the optional technique content of each feature.
Step 2：
For the first definition process number of each cutting, technique number includes the structural information and technique content that step 1 inputs, than Such as CF2F1R1M1S2D3T2C1, technique number is the important evidence calculated followed by carbon emission.
Step 3：
Its material carbon and waste carbon, extraction process are calculated according to the geological information of manufacturing feature and corresponding technique number Lathe information in number and tool-information D*T* are being cut in the three-dimensional corresponding energy consumption calculation model of energy consumption model centralized indexes Cut in processing, the machine tool action being related to include material removal, main motion, feed motion, basic module operation, spray cutting fluid and Automatic chip-removal obtains from Models Sets and each acts corresponding power and energy consumption model, and cutting parameter is substituted into formula, and with This calculates the energy carbon of per pass cutting member, and the carbon emission in obtained material carbon, waste carbon, energy carbon filling c-PBOM is believed In breath, entire c-PBOM is completed.
It should be noted that assemblage characteristic will produce the interference of the shape between feature, the essential characteristic of assemblage characteristic is constituted Processing sequence can cause carbon emission to change, example as shown in Figure 5, and shaped intersection Δ V, is being processed between two cavity features Sequentially in (a), Δ V belongs to F2, and the carbon emission of processing Δ V is calculated according to the processing conditions of F2, at this time the carbon emission of feature F1 because Variation is will produce for few Δ V that cut off.
Δ t is the time for the Δ V that cutter is passed by removed when processing F1.
Δ CE=Δs CEpchip+ΔCEdchip+ΔCEelec (50)
Especially when the shape interference between feature destroys the character shape of standard, calculating in this way can be more convenient.
2 c-PBOM structures of table
The 4.3 part process carbon emission calculative strategies based on c-PBOM
The total carbon emission of part process includes the carbon emission (c-PBOM that each cutting member generates in process route Shown in table) carbon emission that generates between each two cutting member.Carbon emission between each two cutting member carrys out self-cutting member Between automatic tool changer process and clamping process that may be present, the carbon emission that automatic tool changer and clamping process generate can pass through technique Adjacent technique number is identified in route, combined process number, and there are three rules to be used for the carbon row between reasoning cutting member It puts：
(1) rule 1：Compare each two adjacent technique number in process route, the value for such as crossing lathe numbering D is different, then It indicates to need replacing lathe between the two cutting members, this is related to transportational process of the workpiece between lathe, not in the present invention Research range within；
(2) rule 2：In the case that rule 1 compares end, cutter number is compared under conditions of ensureing identical lathe, such as The value of fruit cutter number is different, then illustrates to need to carry out automatic tool changer action between two adjacent cutting members.
The carbon emission that the carbon emission of automatic tool changer process is generated by automatic tool changer is run with machine tool basic module simultaneously The carbon emission of generation forms.T in following formulapjIndicate position of the j cutters in tool magazine (knife rest).
(3) rule 3：Compare clamping number under conditions of ensureing identical lathe, if the value of clamping number is different, says Fixture used or fixturing surface are different between bright two adjacent cutting members, need to carry out again clamping operation.
Clamping process generally has operating personnel's completion, the carbon emission group that the operation of machine tool basic module generates during carbon emission At.
T in formulaclampkThe time spent depending on operating personnel's clamping.
Summarize discussed above, the total carbon emission of part process can be calculated by following formula：
The total amount of material carbon can be obtained according to process route by the material carbon for each cutting member in c-PBOM is cumulative：
Similar, total waste carbon is added up by the waste carbon of each cutting member to be obtained：
Therefore, total energy carbon is：
CEtotal_e=CEtotal-CEtotal_m-CEtotal_w (56)
4.4 cases are verified
Using the machining process of a bearing block as case, proposed carbon emission quantization strategy is completely explained Application process and verify its feasibility.Fig. 6 show the three-view diagram of this bearing block.
4.4.1 job analysis
Diagram Process for Bearing Seat material is cast iron, and the geometry of bearing block is as shown in table 3, mainly by hole characteristic knead dough Feature is constituted, including five essential characteristics and two assemblage characteristics, two assemblage characteristics are made of two essential characteristics respectively, often The allowance of a feature is analyzed to obtain by blank.Fig. 7 is the blank of bearing block, and table 4 is that can be used to process this axis in workshop The lathe and tool-information of bearing.Optional processing technology is inferred according to blank, characteristic attribute and workshop working ability, by part Structural information and processing technology information are inserted in c-PBOM (table 6), to calculate carbon emission information.
The geometry of 3 bearing block of table
The optional lathe in 4 workshop of table and cutter
4.4.2 the first carbon emission of each cutting calculates
In completing c-PBOM design of part information and technique information after, the carbon emission of each cutting member is in combination with work Skill is numbered and carbon emission computation model is calculated.For rough milling F1, technique number is F1R1M1S1D2T2C1.
(1) material carbon
The density p of cast iron is 7300kg/m3.The carbon emission factor for producing cast iron is 2.22kgCO2/kg.So this road is cut The chip carbon emission of member can be calculated by following formula：
CEpchip=Δ V × ρ × EFpchip=0.082 × 0.038 × 0.002 × 7300 × 2.22=0.101kgCO2
It is T2 (milling cutter 1) to rough mill the cutter that F1 is used, and the service life of T2 depends on cutting parameter, in this processing Cutter life T2lcFor 42min.The carbon emission factor of cutter production is 33.75kgCO2The quality of/kg, T2 are 30g.Therefore because Scrapping the carbon emission of cutter generation can be calculated by following formula：
As can be seen that in current cutting, the wear extent of cutter does not reach cutter Rejection standard, so the knife scrapped It is zero to have quantity, that is to say, that because scrapping the carbon emission CE of cutter generationptoolIt is zero.The wear rate δ of cutter T2 is recorded as knife Having information, being superimposed when for reusing.
The cutting fluid used in processing is water-soluble liquid cutting fluid, the carbon emission factor EF of production processpcfFor 0.469kgCO2/L.The replacement cycle of cutting fluid is two months, cuts the initial volume M of cutting fluid in liquid case0For 500L, later stage The cutting fluid volume M of additionaFor 200L, so：
The material carbon for rough milling F1 processes is：
CEmaterial=CEptool+CEpcf+CEpchip=0.101+0+0.005=0.106kgCO2
(2) waste carbon
The carbon emission factor EF of the processing procedure of discarded cuttingdchipFor 0.361kgCO2/kg.The waste treatment carbon of cutting fluid Emission factor EFdcfFor 3.782kgCO2/L.So the waste carbon for rough milling the generation of F1 processes is：
CEwaste=CEdchip+CEdtool+CEdcf
=0.046 × 0.361+0.01 × 3.782=0.017+0.039=0.056kgCO2
(3) energy carbon
Lathe information in extraction process number and tool-information D2T2, in the three-dimensional corresponding energy of energy consumption model centralized indexes Computation model is consumed, it is as shown in table 5 to substitute into the consumption information that cutting parameter obtains：
Table 5 cuts the consumption information of first F1R1M1S1D2T2C1
The cutting time for rough milling F1 is 1.804min；The time of fast feed is 0.85s.Feeding distance is short, so feeding Process only accelerates and moderating process does not stablize feeding process.The time of main motion, sprays cutting fluid and base in current processing The time of plinth module operation is all the carbon emission factor EF of 1.804min. electric powerelecFor 0.7045kgCO2/L。
CEelec=∑ CEmr+∑CEsp+∑CEf+∑CEbm+∑CEcfs+∑CEcc
=(883.5 × 1.804 × 60+3068.6+357.5 × 1.804 × 60+62.7+56+
364.4×1.804×60+290.5×1.804×60)J×0.7045kgCO2/kwh
=0.041kgCO2
The calculating process of three kinds of carbon emissions of F1 (F1R1M1S1D2T2C1) is rough milled as more than, it is first for others cutting, Computational methods all with to rough mill F1 be identical, calculate all features in c-PBOM and respectively cut the carbon emission of member and insert corresponding carbon row It puts in information, completes c-PBOM.
4.4.3 full process route carbon emission calculates
Process route and the per pass work step corresponding number in c-PBOM for processing the selection of this bearing block are as follows：
It rough mills F2 (F2R2M1S1D2T3C2)-and rough mills F1 (F1R1M1S1D2T2C1)-finish-milling F1 (F1R1M1S2D2T2C1)- Expand F3 (CF1F3R1M1S1D3T9C3)-hinge F3 (CF1F3R1M1S2D3T11C3)-bore hole F4 (CF1F4R1M1S1D1T1C3)-to bore F6 (CF2F6R2M1S1D4T8C1)-bores F5 (F5R2M1S1D4T7C1)-hinge F5 (F5R2M1S2D4T10C1)-and bores F9 (F9R1M1S1D4T6C1)-spot-facing F7 (CF2F7R2M1S1D4T12C1)-bores F8 (F8R1M1S1D4T5C3)
The total carbon emission that bearing block process is calculated by process above route and completed c-PBOM, according to rule 3 pairs of all adjacent work step numbers are compared, it is known that 3 clampings again are needed in process altogether, according to operator The clamping speed of member, average each clamping needs 1 minute, so the carbon emission that clamping process generates is：
CEclamp=Pbm×tclamp×EFelec=(364.4 × 3 × 60) J × 0.7045kgCO2/kwh
=0.013kgCO2
It is compared according to 2 pairs of all adjacent work step numbers of rule, is moved certainly it is known that sharing 7 times in process Knife process, by taking the exchanging knives process between work step F2R2M1S1D2T3C2 and work step F1R1M1S1D2T2C1 as an example, lathe D2 tool changing When often turn over a cutter spacing take 0.8s, the positions in tool magazine cutter T3 are No. 5, and the positions T2 are No. 2, thus clamping process generate Carbon emission be：
ttc1=n1×t0=3 × 0.8=2.4s
CEtc=[(Ptc+Pbm)×tc+Etcon+Etcoff]×EFelec
=[(75.3+364.4) × 2.4+6.2+80.4] J × 0.7045kgCO2/kwh
=2.23 × 10-4kgCO2
The calculating of the carbon emission of other exchanging knives processes is identical with this, and the total carbon emission for obtaining 7 exchanging knives processes is：
From the foregoing discussion, it should be apparent that the total carbon emission of bearing block process is：
Total material carbon is obtained by formula, and waste carbon is obtained by formula, and energy carbon is obtained by formula：
CEtotal_e=CEtotal-CEtotal_m-CEtotal_w=0.641kgCO2

Claims (4)

1. a kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature, which is characterized in that including following step Suddenly：
1) three kinds of carbon emission sources in part machinery process, including material carbon, the energy are defined according to the characteristics of process Carbon and waste carbon；Wherein, material carbon is that process consumes workpiece material and the preparation process of cutter and cutting fluid generates Carbon emission；
The carbon emission that energy carbon is generated by the preparation process for consuming energy in process；
Waste carbon is the carbon that the post-processing of the discarded chip, cutter and the cutting fluid waste gurry that are generated in process generates Discharge；
2) calculation formula of material carbon, energy carbon and waste carbon is provided respectively；
The calculating of material carbon includes：
(1) cutter produces carbon emission
In the process of manufacturing feature, shown in the consumption such as formula (1) of cutter, to it is cumulative obtain reach blunt standard The downward rounding of cutter number, the cutter sum N scrappedt, consume the calculating such as formula (2) of cutter carbon emission：
In formula, R allows sharpening number, t for cutter for samecuttingiThus when cutting of the cutter under specific machining condition Between, TtooliFor cutter life of the cutter under this machining condition, the production-induced carbon emission CE of cutter is discardedptoolDepending on report Useless number of cutters：
CEptool=Nt×M×EFptool (2)
In formula, M is the quality for scrapping cutter, EFptoolFor the carbon emission factor of cutter production；
(2) material produces carbon emission
It is the front and back volume differences of this cutting that excision material process, which generates chip volume, causes indirect carbon emission CEpchipFor：
CEpchip=Δ V × ρ × EFpchip (3)
In formula, ρ is the density of workpiece material, EFpchipFor the carbon emission factor of workpiece material production, Δ V is the body of material removal Product；
(3) cutting fluid produces carbon emission
Carbon emission CE caused by consuming cutting fluidpcfCalculate such as formula：
In formula, T0For the cutting fluid replacement cycle in workshop, M0For the initial volume of cutting fluid, MaIt is cut for what is supplemented in the replacement cycle Cut liquid product, EFpcfTo produce the carbon emission factor of cutting fluid；
In conclusion the total amount of material carbon is：
CEmaterial=CEptool+CEpchip+CEpcf (5)
The calculating of waste carbon is as follows：
(1) it discards cutter and handles carbon emission
In formula, EFdtoolTo discard the carbon emission factor of cutter processing；
(2) it discards cutting fluid and handles carbon emission
In formula, EFdcfTo discard the carbon emission factor of cutting fluid processing；
(3) it discards chip and handles carbon emission
CEdchip=Δ V × ρ × EFdchip (8)
In formula, EFdchipTo discard the carbon emission factor of chip processing；
So the total amount of waste carbon is：
CEwaste=CEdtool+CEdcf+CEdchip (9)
Energy carbon CEelecIt is decomposed into the energy carbon of seven submodules, respectively：
Machine Tool Main Drive module carbon emission CEsp, feeding transmission carbon emission CEf, cutter excision workpiece material process carbon emission CEmr、 Machine tool basic module runs carbon emission CEbm, lathe automatic tool changer process carbon emission CEtc, lathe spray cutting fluid process carbon emission CEcfsAnd lathe automatic chip-removal module carbon emission CEmr, and have calculation formula as follows：
T in formulaspFor the time of main shaft rotation, tsp-aFor the time that main shaft accelerates, EFelecFor the carbon emission factor of electric energy, PspFor Main shaft stablizes power when rotation, Psp-aFor the power of main shaft boost phase, n is the rotating speed of main shaft rotation；
T in formulafTo stablize the time of feeding, tf-aFor the time that feeding accelerates, tf-dFor the time that main shaft accelerates, PfFor stablize into To when power, Pf-aTo accelerate the power in feeding stage, Pf-dFor the power in deceleration feeding stage, vfFor the rotating speed of rotation, EFelecFor the carbon emission factor of electric energy；
CEmr=[Pmr×tcutting]×EFelec (12)
PmrFor the power of material removal action, tcuttingFor the cutting time；
CEbm=Pbmtbm×EFelec (13)
PbmFor the operation power of machine tool basic module, tbmFor the run time of lathe；
CEtc=[Ptcttc+Etcon+Etcoff]×EFelec (14)
PtcFor the power of tool changing device, ttcFor tool change time, EtconMutation energy consumption when being opened for tool changing device, EtcoffFor tool changing Mutation energy consumption when device is closed；
CEcfs=sgn (X) (Pcfstcutting+Ecfson+Ecfsoff)×EFelec (15)
PcfsTo spray the power of cutting fluid, EcfsonMutation energy consumption when being opened for cooling device, EcfsoffWhen being closed for cooling device Mutation energy consumption；
CEcc=sgn (X) (Pcctcutting+Eccon+Eccoff)×EFelec (16)
PccFor the power of automatic filings discharging device, EcconMutation energy consumption when being opened for automatic filings discharging device, EccoffFor automatic chip-removal Mutation energy consumption when device is closed；
3) technique BOM of the parts to be processed towards carbon emission is designed, the machining feature of parts to be processed is analyzed, is completed to be processed The design of part part and technique content part of the technique BOM towards carbon emission of part, according to the part knot of parts to be processed The calculation formula of material carbon, energy carbon and waste carbon that structure part and technique content part are provided in conjunction with step 2), is waited for Material carbon, energy carbon and the waste carbon of each of each machining feature of part cutting member are processed, while according to based on processing zero Carbon emission computation rule calculates parts to be processed process route adjacent two between the two cutting members of technique BOM of the part towards carbon emission The energy carbon that a stage generates by tool changing action and clamping operation, parts to be processed mechanical processing process carbon emission amount is technique Because of tool changing between two neighboring cutting is first in the material carbon, energy carbon and waste carbon and process route of all cutting members in route The sum of the energy carbon that action and clamping operation generate.
2. a kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, in step 3), technique BOM structure of the parts to be processed towards carbon emission is：
(1) structural information of part, structural information include three grades：Part layer, is indicated by P；Assemblage characteristic layer, by CF tables Show；Essential characteristic layer, is indicated by BF；Duplicate message refers to point of multiple identical essential characteristics in the same plane in structural information Cloth arranges number；
(2) technique information of essential characteristic, including optional processing method, the process segment of each processing method, lathe, cutter, Clamping information and cutting parameter, clamping information include fixture and clamping face；
(3) the corresponding technique number of each cutting member；
(4) the corresponding carbon emission information of each cutting member, including material carbon, energy carbon, waste carbon and its total carbon emissions.
3. a kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, in step 3), cutting member is defined as same in continuous time cutting same machining feature using same group on cutter Cut the cutting at one time process that parameter is carried out.
4. a kind of part machinery process carbon emission quantization method based on manufacturing feature according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, in step 3), carbon emission computation rule between the two cutting members based on processing technique BOM of the part towards carbon emission For：
(1) rule 1：Compare each two adjacent technique number in process route, if the value of lathe numbering D is different, then it represents that Lathe is needed replacing between the two cutting members, this is related to transportational process of the workpiece between lathe, is not belonging to part processing Technical process；
(2) rule 2：In the case that rule 1 compares end, cutter number is compared under conditions of ensureing identical lathe, if knife The value for having number is different, then illustrates to need to carry out automatic tool changer action between two adjacent cutting members；
(3) rule 3：Compare clamping number under conditions of ensureing identical lathe, if the value of clamping number is different, illustrates two Fixture used or fixturing surface are different between a adjacent cutting member, need to carry out again clamping operation.
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