CN106093811A - A kind of transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square - Google Patents
A kind of transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of electric power detection, be specifically related to a kind of transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square.Disclosing a kind of transformer core remanent magnetism based on method of least square detection decision method, described detection decision method includes no-load transformer electric current based on method of least square pressurization starting stage electric current ascending curve；No-load transformer electric current based on method of least square pressurization starting stage electric current decline curve；Electric current rises, the diversity of decline curve characterizes and calculates；Transformer core remanent magnetism size criterion.Solving the detection of transformator remanent magnetism high to site environment, equipment and instrument requirement, testing result accuracy is the highest, the problem that could can only detect in the case of certain is specific.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of electric power detection, be specifically related to a kind of transformer core remanent magnetism based on method of least square
Detection method.
Background technology
Method of least square: also known as least square method, is a kind of mathematical optimization techniques.It by minimize error square come
Find the optimal function coupling of data.Utilize method of least square can try to achieve the data of the unknown easily, and these are tried to achieve
Data and real data between the quadratic sum of error be minimum.Such as two variablees of research (x, y) between mutual relation time,
It is commonly available a series of paired data (x1, y1, x2, y2 ..., xm, ym), these data are depicted in x-y right angle
In coordinate system, if find these points near straight line, can set this linear equation as yi=a0+a1x(a0, a1 is
Arbitrarily real number), utilize principle of least square method, make measured value Yi and value of calculation Yj(Yj=a0+a1X) deviation (Yi-Yj) flat
Side and ∑ (Yi-Yj) 2 are minimum (optimized criterion), can i.e. try to achieve the linear fit side minimum with former error in data in the hope of a0, a1
Journey.
Remanent magnetism: magnetisable material all has the tendency retaining its magnetic, i.e. the change of magnetic induction density B always lags behind magnetic field
The change of intensity H, this phenomenon is called hysteresis.When magnetisable material starts to magnetize from original state, magnetic induction density B with
Magnetic field intensity H increases and increases, and when magnetic induction density B tends to saturated, note magnetic induction now is Bs, and magnetic field intensity is
Hs.If hereafter reducing magnetic field, magnetic induction density B deviates original initial magnetization curve, the change of B with the change of magnetic field intensity H
Lag behind H.When H is decreased to zero, B is also not zero, but has certain residual magnetic flux density, is called for short remanent magnetism, uses Br table
Show.International unit processed is tesla (T), and in Gaussian system, Br unit is Gauss (Gs), conversion relation 1T=10000Gs.
Stalloy used by transformer core material is that one has a higher electric resistivity, and bigger pcrmeability is less coercitive
Ferromagnetic material, after transformator carries out the tests such as winding D.C. resistance test, due to the hysteresis effect of core material, can be in iron core
Retain a certain amount of remanent magnetism.Transformator individual capacity is the biggest, and the remanent magnetism that may remain in iron core is the biggest.Bigger remanent magnetism unshakable in one's determination
Produce the excitation surge current that numerical value is relatively big, the time is longer when making transformator put into operation, cause the misoperation of protective relaying device, make transformation
Device can not put into operation smoothly；It is also possible that put into operation, transformator is formed and echo surge current with cascade or transformator in parallel, threatens relevant one
The safe and stable operation of secondary device.Remanent magnetism also can result in transformator vibrations, noise increases, and structural member is produced impact, shortens
The overhaul life of transformator.Transformator input, the voltage of output, the magnitude of current are had an impact by remanent magnetism simultaneously, thus to a lot of conventional
Pilot project produces interference, even makes some test lose meaning.Transformator put into operation after remanent magnetism to also result in half cycle unshakable in one's determination saturated,
In exciting current, produce a large amount of even-order harmonic, not only increase the reactive loss of transformator, also make transformator become electrical network humorous
Wave source, affects power supply quality.
The harm brought based on transformer core remanent magnetism, after large-scale power transformer DC experiment, having very much before putting into operation must
The detection it is carried out remanent magnetism unshakable in one's determination and elimination, after the test of 1000kV ultra-high voltage main transformer D.C. resistance, it is desirable to must adopt
Take remanent magnetism detection unshakable in one's determination and removing measure；Recently as 220kV and the continuous increase of above transformator individual capacity, it is unshakable in one's determination
Remanent magnetism detection and elimination have also been obtained increasing attention, to ensure the safe and stable operation of equipment, electrical network.
At present, the detection of transformer core remanent magnetism typically has following several method: (1) utilizes the electricity after transformer during no-load closing
Current voltage data, find the remanent magnetism after transformer core saturated moment, and then estimation transformator separating brake.(2) voltage rise and
During decline, the exciting current under same voltage is identical.(3) waveform of exciting current is symmetrical above and below, without even-order harmonic component.
(4) the exciting current value before and after demagnetization is compared.
Above-mentioned several transformator remanent magnetism detection method just can only be carried out in the case of certain is specific, to site environment,
Equipment and instrument requires also to have nothing in common with each other, and versatility is poor, and testing result accuracy is the highest.
In sum, the most not method judged for transformer core remanent magnetism Site Detection of comparative maturity, this
Transformer core remanent magnetism based on method of least square detection decision method described in invention, can improve remanent magnetism Site Detection accurate
Degree is simple to site environment, instrument requirements, it is simple to realize.
Summary of the invention
For solving remanent magnetism Site Detection, environment, equipment and instrument are required high, the technical problem that testing result accuracy is the highest,
The invention discloses a kind of transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
This detection method includes no-load transformer electric current based on method of least square pressurization starting stage electric current ascending curve；Based on
The no-load transformer electric current pressurization starting stage electric current decline curve of method of least square；Electric current rises, the diversity of decline curve
Characterize and calculate；Transformer core remanent magnetism size criterion.Particular content is as follows:
A kind of transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square, comprises the following steps:
(1) obtain no-load transformer electric current pressurization starting stage electric current ascending curve, apply alternating voltage at step down side
Carrying out no-load test, applying voltage, from the beginning of 0, at the uniform velocity rises high voltage, in boost process, every one electricity of identical voltage acquisition
Flow valuve, until being pressurized to scheduled voltage, according to the current value under the different voltages collected, utilizes method of least square to carry out line
Property matching, asks for ascent stage voltage, current relationship equation I=a1U+a0, and draw electric current ascending curve；
(2) no-load transformer electric current pressurization starting stage electric current decline curve is obtained, when the scheduled voltage being pressurized to step (1)
After, at the uniform velocity reduce voltage, in pressure reduction, every with one current value of step (1) identical voltage acquisition, until voltage is reduced to
0, according to the current value under the different voltages collected, utilize method of least square to carry out linear fit, ask for decline stage voltage,
Current relationship equation I=b1U+b0, and draw electric current decline curve；
(3) electric current ascending curve based on method of least square and electric current decline curve diversity correlation coefficient r it are calculated, its meter
Calculation formula is r=a1/b1；
(4) transformer core remanent magnetism detection criterion is that correlation coefficient r is when setting below threshold value, and remanent magnetism is less, transformator
Without carrying out demagnetization process；Correlation coefficient r is more than when setting threshold value, and remanent magnetism is relatively big, and transformator need to carry out demagnetization process.
Further, every 3-15V in step (1) and step (2), preferably gather a current value every 5V or 10V, can
Select according to actual needs, as can be suitably reduced current acquisition interval if the accuracy of pursuit testing result.
Further, the method is applicable to single-phase transformer and three-phase transformer.
Further, for three-phase transformer, need split-phase to carry out Analysis ofremanence unshakable in one's determination, each winding is respectively seen as single-phase
Transformator, three-phase transformer is considered as three separated transformers and carries out Analysis ofremanence unshakable in one's determination respectively.
Further, scheduled voltage is selected according to electric pressure；When low-pressure side be 10kV and following transformator make a reservation for
Magnitude of voltage can use 200V, when low-pressure side is 35kV and above transformator scheduled voltage can use 400V, scheduled voltage
Adjust according to actual needs.Now, transformer low voltage winding input current value maximum is less than 2A, and therefore, detection device is permissible
That does is the least, just with onsite application.
The present invention has the advantage that with good effect:
The present invention utilizes the principle of method of least square, by the pressurization electric current ascending curve of starting stage and electric current decline curve
Carry out the method for correlation coefficient r of linear fit, computational representation electric current ascending curve and electric current decline curve diversity to iron core
Remanent magnetism Site Detection result judges, improves the accuracy that the Site Detection result of transformer core remanent magnetism judges, effectively
To solve transformator remanent magnetism high to site environment, equipment and instrument requirement, testing result accuracy is the highest, can only be specific at certain
In the case of the problem that could detect.
From the mathematical definition of method of least square, the incidental error of the voltage x current value collected can not cancel each other,
Therefore, utilize method of least square to carry out testing result calculating judgement, be conducive to improving the accuracy of remanent magnetism Site Detection.
A kind of transformer core remanent magnetism based on method of least square disclosed in this invention detection decision method, it is adaptable to each
Type, each electric pressure are single-phase, three-phase transformer, have certain versatility；Needed for the method, detecting instrument volume is little, it is simple to
Carry, wiring order, be suitable for onsite application；Meanwhile, the method utilizes method of least square to the no-load transformer electric current starting stage
Electric current rise, decline curve carry out linear fit, eliminate the error that DATA REASONING occasionality brings；Utilize fit equation
Correlation coefficient carries out remanent magnetism size judgement, and accuracy in detection is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 transformer core remanent magnetism detection wiring schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 transformer core based on method of least square remanent magnetism detection decision flowchart.
Voltage, electric current linear fit equation when Fig. 3 transformer core has remanent magnetism.
Fig. 4 transformer core is without voltage, electric current linear fit equation during remanent magnetism.
Detailed description of the invention
Combine accompanying drawing below by detailed description of the invention the present invention is specifically described and illustrates:
The invention discloses a kind of transformer core remanent magnetism based on method of least square detection decision method, described detection judgement side
Method includes no-load transformer electric current based on method of least square pressurization starting stage electric current ascending curve；Based on method of least square
No-load transformer electric current pressurization starting stage electric current decline curve；Electric current rises, the diversity of decline curve characterizes and calculates；Become
Depressor iron core remanent magnetism size criterion, solves the detection of transformator remanent magnetism high to site environment, equipment and instrument requirement, detection knot
Really accuracy is the highest, the problem that could can only detect in the case of certain is specific.
In a specific embodiment, illustrate that transformer core based on method of least square detection is sentenced in conjunction with Figure of description
Determine method detailed description of the invention as follows:
(1) as it is shown in figure 1, selected transformator is single-phase transformer, low-pressure side electric pressure is 10kV.Iron core remanent magnetism is detected
Line two ends are added separately to transformer low voltage winding a, x end, and the other end is connected with Remanent magnetism tester respectively.
(2), after connecting p-wire as described in (1), remanent magnetism detection is carried out according to flow chart shown in Fig. 2.Due to low-pressure side
Electric pressure is 10kV, and predetermined value is chosen as 200V.Start at the uniform velocity to rise according to given pace high voltage from 0V, gather every 10V
Current value, after voltage reaches 200V, starts according to identical rate reduction voltage, in pressure reduction, still gathers electricity every 10V
Flow valuve, until voltage is reduced to 0.
(3) after the transformator remanent magnetism detection pressure process as described in (2) terminates, according to the voltage collected, current value,
Utilize method of least square to carry out linear fit, ask for electric current rising, the voltage of decline stage, current relation formula, in an embodiment,
Can intuitively show by LCDs and can preserve and print.
(4) the concrete mode of linear fit is carried out according to the method for least square that utilizes described in (3).
For electric current ascending curve, it is assumed that altogether acquire n group voltage, current value, i.e. n group measured value (Ii, Ui), i=0,
1,2 ..., n.Value of calculation Ij:
Ij=a0+a1Uj (1)
Measured value IiWith value of calculation IjDeviation (Ii-Ij) quadratic sum:
∑ (Ii-Ij)2 (2)
According to the optimized criterion of method of least square, when (2) formula minimum, it it is now optimal solution.
Make φ=∑ (Ii-Ij)2, wushu (1) substitutes in formula (2) and obtains:
φ=∑ (Ii-a0-a1Uj)2(3)
As ∑ (Ii-Ij)2Time minimum, to function phi to a0、a1Seek partial derivative, and make the two partial derivative equal to zero, it may be assumed that
∑2(a0 + a1*Ui- Ii)=0 (4)
∑2Ui(a0 +a1*Ui- Ii)=0 (5)
Abbreviation formula (4), (5) obtain:
na0+ (∑ Ui) a1 = ∑Ii(6)
(∑ Ui) a0+ (∑ Ui 2) a1 =∑ (Ui*Ii) (7)
Two obtained about a0、 a1For two equation group of unknown number, solve the two equation group and draw:
a0=(∑ Ii)/n - a1(∑ Ui)/n (8)
a1 = [n∑(Ui*Ii)-(∑ Ui ∑Ii)]/(n∑Ui 2 -∑Ui∑Ui) (9)
At this moment a0、a1In substitution formula (1), i.e. try to achieve linear fit equation based on method of least square.
For in the present embodiment, electric current ascent stage acquires altogether and corresponds respectively to 0V, 10V, 20V ..., during 200V
I0, I1, I2..., I20Deng 21 current values, n=21 is substituted into respectively formula (8), (9) obtain a0, a1, i.e. can get electric current and rise
Stage voltage, current relationship equation I=a1U+a0。
In like manner, electric current decline stage voltage, current relationship equation I=b are obtained1U+b0。
(5) rising fit equation according to the electric current based on method of least square described in (4) is I=a1U+a0, decline curve
Fit equation is I=b1U+b0, in order to preferably characterize electric current rising, the diversity of decline curve, definition electric current rises, declines song
The correlation coefficient r of line is the slope ratio of linear fit equation, and calculating formula is r=a1/b1。
(6) after trying to achieve the correlation coefficient of electric current rising, decline curve fit equation as described in (5), transformer core remanent magnetism
Size criterion is, when correlation coefficient r is when setting below threshold value, and remanent magnetism is less, and transformator is without carrying out demagnetization process；Phase
When closing coefficient r more than setting threshold value, remanent magnetism is relatively big, and transformator need to carry out demagnetization process.Setting threshold value can be according to transformer field
Use requirement and remanent magnetism that the on-the-spot practical factors such as transformator impact are adjusted, set relatively reasonable threshold value.
Above example uses single-phase transformer, if three-phase transformer, then needs to enter three windings ab, bc, ca respectively
Row remanent magnetism detects, and three-phase split transformator is considered as three separated transformers.
When step down side electric pressure be 35kV and above time, in order to ensure accuracy of measurement, predetermined value can be arranged
For 400V, now from the beginning of 0V, gather current value, electric current rising, decline curve fit procedure and correlation coefficient r meter every 10V
Calculation method is constant.
Preferably, in another embodiment, voltage acquisition interval can use 5V.Now, gather data point and double,
Owing to current data gathers more, incidental error reduces, but data acquisition time and data process required time are elongated.General next
Saying, transformer core remanent magnetism Site Detection selects to gather current value every 10V and has met actual demand.
Technical scheme in above-mentioned the embodiment of the present application, at least has the following technical effect that or advantage:
(1) utilize remanent magnetism unshakable in one's determination that the pressurization starting stage of no-load transformer electric current is affected relatively big, make by measuring remanent magnetism unshakable in one's determination
Current value under the voltage rising of one-tenth, decline stage same magnitude of voltage, utilizes the method for least square voltage to collecting, current value
Carry out linear fit, obtain electric current rising, the linear fit equation of decline curve.
(2) utilize electric current to rise, the correlation coefficient r of decline curve fitting a straight line equation carries out remanent magnetism unshakable in one's determination and judges: when r about
Equal to 1, i.e. rise, decline curve fit equation slope equal time, remanent magnetism is less；When r is more than 1, i.e. ascending curve fit equation
When slope is more than decline curve fit equation, remanent magnetism is relatively big, and r is the biggest, and remanent magnetism is the biggest.
(3) from the mathematical definition of method of least square, the incidental error of the voltage x current value collected can not offset mutually
Disappear, therefore, utilize method of least square to carry out testing result calculating judgement, be conducive to improving the accuracy of remanent magnetism Site Detection.
A kind of based on method of least square transformer core remanent magnetism detection decision method disclosed in this patent, it is adaptable to each
Type, each electric pressure are single-phase, three-phase transformer, have certain versatility；Needed for the method, detecting instrument volume is little, it is simple to
Carry, wiring order, be suitable for onsite application；Meanwhile, the method utilizes method of least square to the no-load transformer electric current starting stage
Electric current rise, decline curve carry out linear fit, eliminate the error that DATA REASONING occasionality brings；Utilize fit equation
Correlation coefficient carries out remanent magnetism size judgement, and accuracy in detection is higher.
Cleaning Principle and the detailed description of the invention of the present invention are set forth by specific embodiment utilized above, above enforcement
The explanation of example is only intended to help to understand that method and the core concept thereof of the present invention, this specification content should not be construed as this
Bright restriction；For those skilled in the art, according to the basic ideas of the present invention, do in specific embodiments and applications
Go out other change and change, also should be contained in the present invention.In sum, claims of the present invention are intended to be construed to include
Preferred embodiment and fall into all changes and the amendment of the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) obtain no-load transformer electric current pressurization starting stage electric current ascending curve, apply alternating voltage at step down side
Carrying out no-load test, applying voltage, from the beginning of 0, at the uniform velocity rises high voltage, in boost process, every one electricity of identical voltage acquisition
Flow valuve, until being pressurized to scheduled voltage, according to the current value under the different voltages collected, utilizes method of least square to carry out line
Property matching, asks for ascent stage voltage, current relationship equation I=a1U+a0, and draw electric current ascending curve；
(2) no-load transformer electric current pressurization starting stage electric current decline curve is obtained, when the scheduled voltage being pressurized to step (1)
After, at the uniform velocity reduce voltage, in pressure reduction, every with one current value of step (1) identical voltage acquisition, until voltage is reduced to
0, according to the current value under the different voltages collected, utilize method of least square to carry out linear fit, ask for decline stage voltage,
Current relationship equation I=b1U+b0, and draw electric current decline curve；
(3) electric current ascending curve based on method of least square and electric current decline curve diversity correlation coefficient r it are calculated, its meter
Calculation formula is r=a1/b1；
(4) transformer core remanent magnetism detection criterion is that correlation coefficient r is when setting below threshold value, and remanent magnetism is less, transformator
Without carrying out demagnetization process；Correlation coefficient r is more than when setting threshold value, and remanent magnetism is relatively big, and transformator need to carry out demagnetization process.
Transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly (1) and step (2) gather a current value every 3-15V.
Transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that should
Method is applicable to single-phase transformer and three-phase transformer.
Transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that right
In three-phase transformer, need split-phase to carry out Analysis ofremanence unshakable in one's determination, each winding is respectively seen as single-phase transformer, three-phase split transformation
Device is considered as three separated transformers and carries out Analysis ofremanence unshakable in one's determination respectively.
Transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that root
Scheduled voltage is selected according to electric pressure.
Transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on method of least square the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that when
Low-pressure side be 10kV and following transformator scheduled voltage use 200V, when low-pressure side be 35kV and above transformator make a reservation for
Magnitude of voltage uses 400V.
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| CN110161435A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-23 | 国家电网有限公司 | A kind of power transformer remanent magnetism magnitude estimation method based on winding deformation measurement |
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| CN106019186A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-12 | 国网河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Transformer core residual magnetism detection method based on no-load current method |
| CN106019186B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2019-11-05 | 国网河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of transformer core remanent magnetism detection method based on no-load current method |
| CN106772152A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 国网上海市电力公司 | A kind of measuring method of transformer core remanent magnetism |
| CN106772152B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2019-07-19 | 国网上海市电力公司 | A kind of measurement method of transformer core remanent magnetism |
| CN109254253A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-22 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | The device and control method of a kind of assessment of power transformer remanent magnetism amount and demagnetization |
| CN109254253B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-11-10 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Device for evaluating and demagnetizing residual magnetism of power transformer and control method |
| CN110161435A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-23 | 国家电网有限公司 | A kind of power transformer remanent magnetism magnitude estimation method based on winding deformation measurement |
| CN110161435B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-03-26 | 国家电网有限公司 | Power transformer residual magnetism size estimation method based on winding deformation measurement |
| CN114593117A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-06-07 | 杭州远视智能科技有限公司 | Forklift load weight measurement system and method based on lifting hydraulic cylinder pressure measurement |
| CN114593117B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-09-08 | 杭州远视智能科技有限公司 | Fork truck load weight measurement system and method based on lifting hydraulic cylinder pressure measurement |
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