CN106092059A - A kind of works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting - Google Patents
A kind of works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/04—Interpretation of pictures
- G01C11/06—Interpretation of pictures by comparison of two or more pictures of the same area
- G01C11/12—Interpretation of pictures by comparison of two or more pictures of the same area the pictures being supported in the same relative position as when they were taken
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Abstract
The large structure displacement monitoring method that the present invention provides, arranges multiple tested point target, reference point target and camera on the side of works to be measured, after computer obtains the image that camera shoots first, this image is set to template image；When computer obtain camera shooting real time imaging, and combine template image real time imaging is analyzed process, obtain the in-plane displancement of works to be measured.The method utilizes the multiple tested point target matchings arranged on the side of works to be measured to obtain the in-plane displancement of works to be measured, the in-plane displancement that can be used in treating geodesic structure thing measures, the reference point target being simultaneously provided with between tested point target and camera, when camera deflects, with reference point target correction, tested point target position is moved the error of detection, improve whole monitoring precision, system cost cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photogrammetric technology, particularly relate to use industrial photography equipment to carry out works in-plane displancement monitoring
And the method for landslide, surface subsidence or mobile monitoring.
Background technology
Prior art mainly to settle large structure by total powerstation, displacement transducer or GPS displacement measurement system
It is monitored with displacement, deformation.Although total powerstation precision is high, but price is expensive, and cost expenses is too big, and total powerstation is accurate
Optical electronic equipment, is difficult to apply to mal-condition, and main frame settlement has also required that larger space.Although displacement transducer can
The deformation of whole object is understood relative to the change of a certain reference position by some significant points of measurement structure thing, but requirement
Displacement transducer be necessarily mounted at a certain be perpendicular to measurand deformation and also with on measurand reference position relatively,
And set up this reference position and need to consume a large amount of manpower and materials, typically can't retain for a long time, cannot set up the most at all.
GPS displacement-measurement procedure uses satellite fix, is affected little by weather, measures displacement automaticity high, and location is fast, relative accuracy
Height, but gps satellite measurement method is easily by multipath effect, the visual condition of satellite, the change of satellite geometry strength of figure, regional Electronic
The impact of the factors such as interference and cause efficiency to reduce, use the relatively costly of GPS device simultaneously.
Chinese patent " CN 103105140 A " entitled " building deformation monitoring and the method for its monitoring " will swash
Optical transmitting set is arranged on a relatively given datum mark of measurand, and laser pickoff is arranged on deformation plance
On measured point, laser pickoff is being perpendicular to the displacement of the lines in deformation plance direction, is the deformation values of this point.But in the process measured
In, after the installation site of generating laser is once subjected to displacement, the displacement of the laser facula that generating laser sends occurs substantially
Change, makes laser pickoff be difficult to according to the data obtained and judges it is that works is subjected to displacement or generating laser moves
Dynamic, affect monitoring effect.
Chinese patent " CN 103542893 A " entitled " integration mountain landslide supervision sensor " utilizes sensor to mountain
Body rock stratum and moisture in soil content, measured point acceleration and power are carried out data acquisition and sends data by antenna, with
Landslide is monitored by this.But the antenna used in the method is affected very big by solar noise, and this also affects data
Accuracy.
Chinese patent " CN 104794860 A " entitled " mountain landslide supervision prior-warning device based on technology of Internet of things and
Control method " data of Sensor monitoring are sent to Internet of Things base by antenna, mobile communication base is passed through in Internet of Things base
Stand and signal is wirelessly transmitted to mobile terminal.Needing in the method to set up Internet of Things base, this will consume substantial amounts of manpower and wealth
Power, there is also the waste problem of resource simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency present in prior art, patent purpose of the present invention is to utilize photogrammetric technology to provide one
Plant Structure displacement monitoring method, it is possible to the in-plane displancement treating geodesic structure thing measures, low cost, and precision is high, solves
There is the problems such as cost is high, precision is inadequate in the detection method of prior art.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, it is achieved goal of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting, comprises the following steps:
A) multiple tested point target is set on the one side of works to be measured, is sequentially provided with reference point target in the front of this side
Mark and camera；
B) distance of all tested point targets, reference point target and camera is calculated respectively；Demarcate tested point target with it at camera
The ratio of middle imaging pixel；
C) computer that configuration one is connected with camera, arranges the sampling time of camera；
D), after computer obtains the image that camera shoots first, this image is set to template image and preserves；
E) when the sampling time of camera arrives, computer obtains the real time imaging of camera shooting, and combines template image to reality
Time image be analyzed process, obtain the displacement of all tested point targets in real time imaging；
F) displacement of all tested point targets during computer combines real time imaging, obtains the in-plane displancement monitoring knot of works to be measured
Really.
Further, described step D is particularly as follows: after computer obtains the image that shoots first of camera, be set to mould by this image
Plate image, respectively obtains barycenter and the barycenter of reference point target of all tested point targets in this template image, and preserves.
Further, described step E is particularly as follows: when the sampling time of camera arrives, computer obtains the reality of camera shooting
Time image, respectively obtain barycenter and the barycenter of reference point target of all tested point targets in real time imaging, and combine Prototype drawing
As real time imaging being analyzed process；
If the barycenter of reference point target in real time imaging and the barycenter of reference point target in template image overlap, illustrate that camera does not has
Deflecting, the in-plane displancement of works to be measured is obtained by tested point target in tested point target in real time imaging and template image
Arrive；
If the barycenter of reference point target there occurs displacement relative to the barycenter of reference point target in template image in real time imaging,
Illustrate that camera deflects, first the barycenter of tested point target in real time imaging is corrected, obtains in real time imaging
The correction barycenter of tested point target, the in-plane displancement of works to be measured be in real time imaging correction after tested point target and Prototype drawing
In Xiang, tested point target obtains.
Further, if described camera does not deflect, in real time imaging, the displacement of each tested point target is real-time
The barycenter of this tested point target and the difference of the barycenter of this tested point target in template image in image；I.e. Δ xai=xai2- xai1,
Δyai=yai2- yai1；And in obtaining real time imaging after the displacement of all tested point targets, the displacement to all tested point targets
Carry out multi-point fitting, obtain the in-plane displancement of works to be measured；
If camera deflects, the barycenter of tested point target in real time imaging is corrected by computer, obtains real time imaging
The correction barycenter of middle i-th tested point target is Ai0(xai0, yai0), xai0=xai1+Mi/N*(xb2-xb1), yai0=yai1+Mi/N*
(yb2-yb1), the correction barycenter that displacement is this tested point target in real time imaging of each tested point target and mould in real time imaging
The difference of the barycenter of this tested point target in plate image；I.e. Δ xai=xai2- xai0, Δ yai=yai2- yai0；And obtaining in real time
In image after the displacement of all tested point targets, the displacement to all tested point targets carries out multi-point fitting, obtains treating geodesic structure
The in-plane displancement of thing；
Wherein, Δ xaiWith Δ yaiIt is respectively in real time imaging i-th tested point target on abscissa direction and vertical coordinate direction
On displacement component, xai0And yai0It is respectively the correction barycenter A of i-th tested point target in real time imagingi0Abscissa and vertical
Coordinate, xai1And yai1It is respectively the barycenter A of i-th tested point target in template imagei1Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xai2And yai2
It is respectively the barycenter A of i-th tested point target in real time imagingi2Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xb1And yb1It is respectively template image
The barycenter B of middle reference point target1Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xb2And yb2It is respectively the barycenter B of reference point target in real time imaging2
Abscissa and vertical coordinate, MiFor the distance of i-th tested point target to camera, N is that reference point target is to tested point target
Distance.Compared to prior art, present invention have the advantage that
The Structure displacement monitoring method that the present invention provides, utilizes the multiple tested point targets arranged on the side of works to be measured
Mark matching obtains the in-plane displancement of works to be measured, it is possible to measures for treating the in-plane displancement of geodesic structure thing, exists simultaneously
The reference point target being provided with between tested point target and camera, when deflecting with reference point target correction camera, to tested point
The error of target displacement detecting, improves whole monitoring precision, and system cost cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Structure displacement monitoring method in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the tested point target of the side setting of works to be measured in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the template image photographed by camera in embodiment and the schematic diagram of real time imaging overlap.
In figure, tested point target 1-4, reference point target 5, camera 6, computer 7.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment:
Only expose on the outer surface due to massif domatic can install monitoring device, so this method applies also for detecting mountain
The displacement of body.As shown in Figure 1, 2, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A) arrange on the one side of works to be measured multiple tested point target (such as Fig. 1 has set 4 tested point targets 1,2,
3,4), the front in this side is sequentially provided with reference point target 5 and camera 6；Wherein can select when selecting tested point target
Centered by one tested point target, other tested point targets are centered around the periphery of the tested point target at center and arrange.
B) distance of all tested point targets, reference point target and camera is calculated respectively；Demarcate tested point target with its
The ratio of imaging pixel in camera；Such as: i-th tested point target and distance M of camerai, reference point target is to tested point target
Target distance N, the ratio R of i-th tested point target and its imaging pixel in the camerai。
C) computer 7 that configuration one is connected with camera, arranges the sampling time of camera；Sampling time can be as the case may be
Determine, when being embodied as, can be COMPUTER DETECTION to the sampling time arrive time, control camera and shoot, camera has shot
After image is returned to computer.Or to arrange camera be BR, after camera has automatically snapped, image is returned to
Computer.
D), after computer obtains the image that camera shoots first, this image is set to template image and preserves；Particularly as follows:
After computer obtains the image that camera shoots first, this image is set to template image, respectively obtains in this template image all
The barycenter of tested point target and the barycenter of reference point target, and preserve.Template image is considered works to be measured and is not subjected to displacement
Time state, preserving template image is to contrast with the image of camera captured in real-time below for convenience, draws and treats geodesic structure
The displacement of thing.The barycenter of tested point target and the barycenter of reference point target can select the center of target.For example, it is possible to obtain
The barycenter A of i-th tested point target in template imagei1(xai1, yai1) and the barycenter B of reference point target1(xb1, yb1),
E) when the sampling time of camera arrives, computer obtains the real time imaging of camera shooting, and combines template image to reality
Time image be analyzed process, obtain the displacement of all tested point targets in real time imaging；Real time imaging according to certain moment can
To obtain the displacement of this moment all tested points target.
Particularly as follows: when the sampling time of camera arrives, computer obtains the real time imaging of camera shooting, respectively obtains reality
Time image in the barycenter of all tested point targets and the barycenter of reference point target, such as: the i-th that can obtain real time imaging is treated
The barycenter A of measuring point targeti2(xai2, yai2) and the barycenter B of reference point target2(xb2, yb2).And combine template image to figure in real time
As being analyzed processing；The in-plane displancement of the works to be measured in certain moment refer to the position inscribing tested point target time this relative to
The displacement that home position (position of tested point target in template image) occurs.
If the barycenter of reference point target in real time imaging and the barycenter of reference point target in template image overlap, phase is described
Machine does not deflect, now, and the position that the displacement works the most to be measured that in real time imaging, tested point target occurs occurs
Moving, in real time imaging, the displacement of each tested point target is should in the barycenter of this tested point target and template image in real time imaging
The difference of the barycenter of tested point target；I.e. Δ xai=xai2- xai1, Δ yai=yai2- yai1；And it is all in obtaining real time imaging
After the displacement of tested point target, the displacement to all tested point targets carries out multi-point fitting, obtains the plane position of works to be measured
Move；
If the barycenter of reference point target there occurs displacement relative to the barycenter of reference point target in template image in real time imaging,
As it is shown on figure 3, Fig. 3 illustrates with one of them tested point target, B1And B2Do not overlap, illustrate in this monitoring subsystem
Camera deflects, now, in real time imaging tested point target occur displacement include works to be measured occur displacement and
The error that the skew of camera brings.First the barycenter of tested point targets all in real time imaging is corrected, eliminates camera inclined
The error that shipper pole comes, obtains the correction barycenter A of tested point target in real time imagingi0(xai0, yai0), xai0=xai1+Mi/N*(xb2-
xb1), yai0=yai1+Mi/N*(yb2-yb1), in real time imaging, the displacement of each tested point target is this tested point in real time imaging
The correction barycenter of target and the difference of the barycenter of this tested point target in template image；I.e. Δ xai=xai2- xai0, Δ yai=yai2-
yai0；And in obtaining real time imaging after the displacement of all tested point targets, the displacement to all tested point targets carries out multiple spot plan
Close, obtain the in-plane displancement of works to be measured.
Wherein, Δ xaiWith Δ yaiIt is respectively in real time imaging i-th tested point target on abscissa direction and vertical coordinate
Displacement component on direction, xai0And yai0It is respectively the correction barycenter A of i-th tested point target in real time imagingi0Abscissa
And vertical coordinate, xai1And yai1It is respectively the barycenter A of i-th tested point target in template imagei1Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xai2
And yai2It is respectively the barycenter A of i-th tested point target in real time imagingi2Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xb1And yb1It is respectively mould
The barycenter B of reference point target in plate image1Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xb2And yb2It is respectively reference point target in real time imaging
Barycenter B2Abscissa and vertical coordinate, MiFor the distance of i-th tested point target to camera, N is that reference point target is to tested point target
Target distance.
F) displacement of all tested point targets during computer combines real time imaging, the position of all tested point targets that will obtain
Shifting is fitted on plane coordinates, obtains the in-plane displancement amount of works to be measured, thus this in-plane displancement amount is defined as plane position
Move monitoring result.Calculate (the Δ x that i-th tested point target obtainsai, Δ yai) value equal to this tested point target in the camera
The displacement formed after scaling by certain imaging scale, now calculates Ri*(Δ xai, Δ yai) it is the true position of this tested point target
Move.
Illustrate as a example by Quadrilateral Method in the case of four tested point targets are set, to be monitored upper other arbitrfary points B
(u, displacement v), according to Quadrilateral Method, and Ai1(xai1, yai1), Ai0(xai0, yai0), list EQUATION xai1=a*xai0+b* yai0+
c* xai1*yai1+ d, yai1=e*xai0+f* yai0+g* xai1*yai1+ h, obtains undetermined coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f, g.B point is mobile
Arrive B ' (u ', v '), according to u=a*u '+b*v '+c*u*v+d, u=e*u '+f*v '+g*u*v+h, obtained B ' (u ', v '), calculate
Δ B(Δ u, v), wherein Δ u=u '-u, Δ v=v '-v, Δ B*R be the actual displacement of to be monitored upper any point to Δ, and R is
The R of the tested point target demarcatediMeansigma methods.When tested point target number is other numbers, can according to similar approach according to
Polygon rule processes, and obtains the displacement of tested surface arbitrfary point.
The method can in the case of the most non-contacting the in-plane displancement of works, certainty of measurement is high, it is possible to show in real time
Show displacement or the sedimentation of works, overcome the measuring error and error brought due to camera mounting structure deformation, it is possible to
To install telecommunication equipment additional in monitoring system-based, it is achieved remote online monitoring.Application affects this method certainty of measurement
Mainly include following some: 1, industry digital camera pixel the highest, resolution is the highest, more can measure small displacement.2, treat
Measuring point target, reference point target is the nearest with the distance of camera lens, and the physical length that each pixel represents is the biggest, and precision is the lowest.3、
Monitoring system is preferably placed in the position of wind sheltering, fixedly secures.4, can on target and measured point mounted LED lamp, improve monitoring bright
Degree, convenient monitoring.5, try not industry digital camera to be directly exposed in sunlight measure, make camera lens and observation station as far as possible
Light keep constant.6, avoid being arranged near often as far as possible and have vehicle process, in the environment that wind-force is excessive.7, select as far as possible
Select the central point on orthogonal two boundary lines in works.
Finally illustrating, above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, although with reference to relatively
The present invention has been described in detail by good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the skill of the present invention
Art scheme is modified or equivalent, and without deviating from objective and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be contained at this
In the middle of the right of invention.
Claims (4)
1. a works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A) multiple tested point target is set on the one side of works to be measured, is sequentially provided with reference point target in the front of this side
Mark and camera；
B) distance of all tested point targets, reference point target and camera is calculated respectively；Demarcate tested point target with it at camera
The ratio of middle imaging pixel；
C) computer that configuration one is connected with camera, arranges the sampling time of camera；
D), after computer obtains the image that camera shoots first, this image is set to template image and preserves；
E) when the sampling time of camera arrives, computer obtains the real time imaging of camera shooting, and combines template image to reality
Time image be analyzed process, obtain the displacement of all tested point targets in real time imaging；
F) displacement of all tested point targets during computer combines real time imaging, obtains the in-plane displancement monitoring knot of works to be measured
Really.
2. works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
Rapid D is particularly as follows: after computer obtains the image that camera shoots first, be set to template image by this image, respectively obtain this template
The barycenter of all tested point targets and the barycenter of reference point target in image, and preserve.
3. works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
Rapid E, particularly as follows: when the sampling time of camera arrives, computer obtains the real time imaging of camera shooting, respectively obtains figure in real time
The barycenter of all tested point targets and the barycenter of reference point target in Xiang, and combine template image real time imaging is analyzed place
Reason；
If the barycenter of reference point target in real time imaging and the barycenter of reference point target in template image overlap, illustrate that camera does not has
Deflecting, the in-plane displancement of works to be measured is obtained by tested point target in tested point target in real time imaging and template image
Arrive；
If the barycenter of reference point target there occurs displacement relative to the barycenter of reference point target in template image in real time imaging,
Illustrate that camera deflects, first the barycenter of tested point target in real time imaging is corrected, obtains in real time imaging
The correction barycenter of tested point target, the in-plane displancement of works to be measured be in real time imaging correction after tested point target and Prototype drawing
In Xiang, tested point target obtains.
4. works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described such as
Really camera does not deflect, and in real time imaging, the displacement of each tested point target is the matter of this tested point target in real time imaging
The heart and the difference of the barycenter of this tested point target in template image；I.e. Δ xai=xai2- xai1, Δ yai=yai2- yai1；And obtaining
Obtaining in real time imaging after the displacement of all tested point targets, the displacement to all tested point targets carries out multi-point fitting, is treated
The in-plane displancement of geodesic structure thing；
If camera deflects, the barycenter of tested point target in real time imaging is corrected by computer, obtains real time imaging
The correction barycenter of middle i-th tested point target is Ai0(xai0, yai0), xai0=xai1+Mi/N*(xb2-xb1), yai0=yai1+Mi/N*
(yb2-yb1), the correction barycenter that displacement is this tested point target in real time imaging of each tested point target and mould in real time imaging
The difference of the barycenter of this tested point target in plate image；I.e. Δ xai=xai2- xai0, Δ yai=yai2- yai0；And obtaining in real time
In image after the displacement of all tested point targets, the displacement to all tested point targets carries out multi-point fitting, obtains treating geodesic structure
The in-plane displancement of thing；
Wherein, Δ xaiWith Δ yaiIt is respectively in real time imaging i-th tested point target on abscissa direction and vertical coordinate direction
On displacement component, xai0And yai0It is respectively the correction barycenter A of i-th tested point target in real time imagingi0Abscissa and vertical
Coordinate, xai1And yai1It is respectively the barycenter A of i-th tested point target in template imagei1Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xai2And yai2
It is respectively the barycenter A of i-th tested point target in real time imagingi2Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xb1And yb1It is respectively template image
The barycenter B of middle reference point target1Abscissa and vertical coordinate, xb2And yb2It is respectively the barycenter B of reference point target in real time imaging2
Abscissa and vertical coordinate, MiFor the distance of i-th tested point target to camera, N is that reference point target is to tested point target
Distance.
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