CN106090014A - 一种用于轴承的润滑性良好的轴套 - Google Patents

一种用于轴承的润滑性良好的轴套 Download PDF

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CN106090014A
CN106090014A CN201610434852.0A CN201610434852A CN106090014A CN 106090014 A CN106090014 A CN 106090014A CN 201610434852 A CN201610434852 A CN 201610434852A CN 106090014 A CN106090014 A CN 106090014A
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axle sleeve
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余锦芳
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Chongqing de Kai Mechatronics Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

一种润滑性良好的轴套：所述轴套呈圆筒状，轴套圆筒内表面开设有横向油槽，轴套包括铜合金轴套主体，通过内表面堆焊处理使得轴套达到更高的耐磨性和耐疲劳性能，相应的疲劳性能也得到提高；通过对轴套外表面进行堆焊，提高材料的防腐、耐高温。

Description

一种用于轴承的润滑性良好的轴套
技术领域
本发明涉一种润滑性良好的轴套，属于轴承技术领域。
背景技术
在运动中的部件中，转轴安设于轴孔内，因为长期的使用会造成转轴和轴孔间的磨损，通常将轴套设置在转轴上对转轴起保护作用，但是转轴与轴套在配套使用过程中也在不断的进行着摩擦，目前，采用在轴套和转轴之间添加润滑油的方式来保证二者之间充分的润滑，延长转轴和轴套的使用寿命。因此，轴套的疲劳强度、耐磨性、强度，硬度有很高的要求，目前轴套内壁的承载能力不高，降低了轴套的使用寿命；而且加工工艺复杂，加工效率很低。现有技术的不足导致轴套在使用过程中，仍然有使用不方便，或自身润滑功能不完善等问题，如果维护不够及时，则会造成轴和轴套严重磨损，甚至报废的问题。
发明内容
一种润滑性良好的轴套：所述轴套呈圆筒状，轴套圆筒内表面开设有横向油槽，轴套包括铜合金轴套主体，油槽槽体表面涂覆有氧化铝涂层，除油槽表面以外的轴套圆筒内表面具有镍合金堆焊层，轴套圆筒内表面具有铝合金堆焊层，
铜合金化学组成为（重量百分比）：Cr：14.3﹪、：Si 3.1﹪、Ni：2.2﹪，Mn：0.83﹪、Mo：0.63﹪，Nb：0.54﹪、Ti：0.23﹪、W：0.083﹪、Al ：0.032﹪，Zr：0.031﹪、Ca 0.012﹪、Ta：0.013﹪，余量为Cu以及不可避免的杂质；
制造所述轴套包括以下步骤：按照上述铜合金化学成分配料，先将纯铜加入到熔炼炉中，炉温控制在1180℃，待纯铜熔化后，铜熔液温度升到1200℃加入铬铜中间合金，后将炉温升高到1220℃加入硅铜中间合金；后将炉温升高到1240℃加入镍铜中间合金；后将炉温升高到1260℃加入其他合金元素，后炉温升高到1280℃，加入精炼净化剂，精炼净化剂加入量为炉料量的0.9％，搅拌50分钟，静置100分钟，待渣与金属液分离，扒渣，后加入覆盖剂，覆盖剂总加入量为炉料量的0.6％，静置40分钟后再次扒渣，之后对轴套进行浇注；浇注温度为1200℃；得到的轴套坯料进行热处理：首先将轴套坯料进行加热升温至750℃，升温速率50℃/小时，保温2小时，之后进行淬火处理，淬火介质为水，淬火后将轴套从室温加热至550℃，升温速率75℃/小时，保温3小时，后降温至300℃，降温速率50℃/小时，保温3小时，后再次降温至200℃，降温速率50℃/小时，保温9小时，后空冷至室温，所述精炼净化剂包括：氯化铝70％，氟化钙10％，氟硅酸钠10％，二氧化硅10％；所述覆盖剂包括：氯化钾30％，硼砂20％，氟化钠20％，氯化钙20％，氯化钠10％；
对工件圆筒内表面和外表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度750-760℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势1.2-1.4%，氮势0.4-0.6%，保温3h，然后降低碳势至1.0-1.1%，升高氮势至0.7-0.9%，保温3h，再降低碳势至0.7-0.9%，升高氮势至1.0-1.1%，保温4h，最后降低碳势至0.4-0.5%，升高氮势至1.2-1.6%，保温4h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至730℃，保温3h，降温至700℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在0.9-1.0%之间，氮势控制在1.1-1.2%之间；空冷至室温；
碳氮共渗后将工件升温至650℃，升温速率100℃/小时，保温3小时，之后水冷淬火，再次加热坯体至在400℃保温5小时，出炉空冷至室温；坯体放入液氮中深冷处理8分钟，在空气中回升到室温；
对工件圆筒外表面进行堆焊，堆焊工艺为：210℃预热，堆焊时，电流为55A，电压为12V，堆焊速度为13mm/s，氩气流量为13L/min，堆焊层厚度为2.5mm；，堆焊完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Zn 10.2%，Ti 6.1%，Ca 1.2%，W 0.73%，Mn 0.54%，Cr 0.33%， Mg 0.052%，余量为Al；
油槽涂覆：在油槽槽体表面涂覆氧化铝涂层，涂层厚度0.3mm，
对工件除油槽槽体表面以外的圆筒内表面进行堆焊，堆焊工艺为：180℃预热，堆焊时，电流为67A，电压为12V，堆焊速度为9mm/s，氩气流量为9L/min，堆焊层厚度为3mm；，堆焊完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Cr 10.3%，Ti 8.2%，Si 5.3%，Zn 2.4%，Ca 0.74%， Cu0.043%，Zn 0.022%，余量为Ni；
最终热处理：将工件加热至500℃保温3小时，再降温至300℃保温4小时，得到最终的轴套。
油槽槽体截面成半圆形或矩形。
对工件圆筒内表面和外表面进行的碳氮共渗也包括圆筒内表面油槽槽体表面。
上述发明内容相对于现有技术的有益效果在于：1）通过对轴套油槽槽体表面进行涂覆涂层提高槽体耐腐蚀性能；2）本发明铜基合金材料充分满足轴套主体材料的强度要求；3）对轴套进行多级梯度碳氮共渗热处理提高轴套的硬度及强度疲劳性能，避免出现裂纹； 4）通过内表面堆焊处理使得轴套达到更高的耐磨性和耐疲劳性能，相应的疲劳性能也得到提高；5）通过对轴套外表面进行堆焊，提高材料的防腐、耐高温。6）轴套进行深冷处理提高其耐冲击和疲劳性能。
附图说明
图1为轴套正视图；
图2为轴套俯视图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1-2所示润滑性良好的轴套，轴套呈圆筒状，轴套圆筒内表面开设有横向油槽（1），油槽上开设有油孔（2），油槽槽体表面涂覆有氧化铝涂层(未示出)，除油槽表面以外的轴套圆筒内表面具有镍合金堆焊层（3），轴套圆筒内表面具有铝合金堆焊层（4）。
实施例1
一种润滑性良好的轴套：所述轴套呈圆筒状，轴套圆筒内表面开设有横向油槽，轴套包括铜合金轴套主体，油槽槽体表面涂覆有氧化铝涂层，除油槽表面以外的轴套圆筒内表面具有镍合金堆焊层，轴套圆筒内表面具有铝合金堆焊层，
铜合金化学组成为（重量百分比）：Cr：14.3﹪、：Si 3.1﹪、Ni：2.2﹪，Mn：0.83﹪、Mo：0.63﹪，Nb：0.54﹪、Ti：0.23﹪、W：0.083﹪、Al ：0.032﹪，Zr：0.031﹪、Ca 0.012﹪、Ta：0.013﹪，余量为Cu以及不可避免的杂质；
制造所述轴套包括以下步骤：按照上述铜合金化学成分配料，先将纯铜加入到熔炼炉中，炉温控制在1180℃，待纯铜熔化后，铜熔液温度升到1200℃加入铬铜中间合金，后将炉温升高到1220℃加入硅铜中间合金；后将炉温升高到1240℃加入镍铜中间合金；后将炉温升高到1260℃加入其他合金元素，后炉温升高到1280℃，加入精炼净化剂，精炼净化剂加入量为炉料量的0.9％，搅拌50分钟，静置100分钟，待渣与金属液分离，扒渣，后加入覆盖剂，覆盖剂总加入量为炉料量的0.6％，静置40分钟后再次扒渣，之后对轴套进行浇注；浇注温度为1200℃；得到的轴套坯料进行热处理：首先将轴套坯料进行加热升温至750℃，升温速率50℃/小时，保温2小时，之后进行淬火处理，淬火介质为水，淬火后将轴套从室温加热至550℃，升温速率75℃/小时，保温3小时，后降温至300℃，降温速率50℃/小时，保温3小时，后再次降温至200℃，降温速率50℃/小时，保温9小时，后空冷至室温，所述精炼净化剂包括：氯化铝70％，氟化钙10％，氟硅酸钠10％，二氧化硅10％；所述覆盖剂包括：氯化钾30％，硼砂20％，氟化钠20％，氯化钙20％，氯化钠10％；
对工件圆筒内表面和外表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度750-760℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势1.2-1.4%，氮势0.4-0.6%，保温3h，然后降低碳势至1.0-1.1%，升高氮势至0.7-0.9%，保温3h，再降低碳势至0.7-0.9%，升高氮势至1.0-1.1%，保温4h，最后降低碳势至0.4-0.5%，升高氮势至1.2-1.6%，保温4h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至730℃，保温3h，降温至700℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在0.9-1.0%之间，氮势控制在1.1-1.2%之间；空冷至室温；
碳氮共渗后将工件升温至650℃，升温速率100℃/小时，保温3小时，之后水冷淬火，再次加热坯体至在400℃保温5小时，出炉空冷至室温；坯体放入液氮中深冷处理8分钟，在空气中回升到室温；
对工件圆筒外表面进行堆焊，堆焊工艺为：210℃预热，堆焊时，电流为55A，电压为12V，堆焊速度为13mm/s，氩气流量为13L/min，堆焊层厚度为2.5mm；，堆焊完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Zn 10.2%，Ti 6.1%，Ca 1.2%，W 0.73%，Mn 0.54%，Cr 0.33%， Mg 0.052%，余量为Al；
油槽涂覆：在油槽槽体表面涂覆氧化铝涂层，涂层厚度0.3mm，
对工件除油槽槽体表面以外的圆筒内表面进行堆焊，堆焊工艺为：180℃预热，堆焊时，电流为67A，电压为12V，堆焊速度为9mm/s，氩气流量为9L/min，堆焊层厚度为3mm；，堆焊完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Cr 10.3%，Ti 8.2%，Si 5.3%，Zn 2.4%，Ca 0.74%， Cu0.043%，Zn 0.022%，余量为Ni；
最终热处理：将工件加热至500℃保温3小时，再降温至300℃保温4小时，得到最终的轴套。

Claims (2)

1.一种润滑性良好的轴套：所述轴套呈圆筒状，轴套圆筒内表面开设有横向油槽，轴套包括铜合金轴套主体，油槽槽体表面涂覆有氧化铝涂层，除油槽表面以外的轴套圆筒内表面具有镍合金堆焊层，轴套圆筒内表面具有铝合金堆焊层，
铜合金化学组成为（重量百分比）：Cr：14.3﹪、：Si 3.1﹪、Ni：2.2﹪，Mn：0.83﹪、Mo：0.63﹪，Nb：0.54﹪、Ti：0.23﹪、W：0.083﹪、Al ：0.032﹪，Zr：0.031﹪、Ca 0.012﹪、Ta：0.013﹪，余量为Cu以及不可避免的杂质；
制造所述轴套包括以下步骤：按照上述铜合金化学成分配料，先将纯铜加入到熔炼炉中，炉温控制在1180℃，待纯铜熔化后，铜熔液温度升到1200℃加入铬铜中间合金，后将炉温升高到1220℃加入硅铜中间合金；后将炉温升高到1240℃加入镍铜中间合金；后将炉温升高到1260℃加入其他合金元素，后炉温升高到1280℃，加入精炼净化剂，精炼净化剂加入量为炉料量的0.9％，搅拌50分钟，静置100分钟，待渣与金属液分离，扒渣，后加入覆盖剂，覆盖剂总加入量为炉料量的0.6％，静置40分钟后再次扒渣，之后对轴套进行浇注；浇注温度为1200℃；得到的轴套坯料进行热处理：首先将轴套坯料进行加热升温至750℃，升温速率50℃/小时，保温2小时，之后进行淬火处理，淬火介质为水，淬火后将轴套从室温加热至550℃，升温速率75℃/小时，保温3小时，后降温至300℃，降温速率50℃/小时，保温3小时，后再次降温至200℃，降温速率50℃/小时，保温9小时，后空冷至室温，所述精炼净化剂包括：氯化铝70％，氟化钙10％，氟硅酸钠10％，二氧化硅10％；所述覆盖剂包括：氯化钾30％，硼砂20％，氟化钠20％，氯化钙20％，氯化钠10％；
对工件圆筒内表面和外表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度750-760℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势1.2-1.4%，氮势0.4-0.6%，保温3h，然后降低碳势至1.0-1.1%，升高氮势至0.7-0.9%，保温3h，再降低碳势至0.7-0.9%，升高氮势至1.0-1.1%，保温4h，最后降低碳势至0.4-0.5%，升高氮势至1.2-1.6%，保温4h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至730℃，保温3h，降温至700℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在0.9-1.0%之间，氮势控制在1.1-1.2%之间；空冷至室温；
碳氮共渗后将工件升温至650℃，升温速率100℃/小时，保温3小时，之后水冷淬火，再次加热坯体至在400℃保温5小时，出炉空冷至室温；坯体放入液氮中深冷处理8分钟，在空气中回升到室温；
对工件圆筒外表面进行堆焊，堆焊工艺为：210℃预热，堆焊时，电流为55A，电压为12V，堆焊速度为13mm/s，氩气流量为13L/min，堆焊层厚度为2.5mm；，堆焊完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Zn 10.2%，Ti 6.1%，Ca 1.2%，W 0.73%，Mn 0.54%，Cr 0.33%， Mg 0.052%，余量为Al；
油槽涂覆：在油槽槽体表面涂覆氧化铝涂层，涂层厚度0.3mm，
对工件除油槽槽体表面以外的圆筒内表面进行堆焊，堆焊工艺为：180℃预热，堆焊时，电流为67A，电压为12V，堆焊速度为9mm/s，氩气流量为9L/min，堆焊层厚度为3mm；，堆焊完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Cr 10.3%，Ti 8.2%，Si 5.3%，Zn 2.4%，Ca 0.74%， Cu0.043%，Zn 0.022%，余量为Ni；
最终热处理：将工件加热至500℃保温3小时，再降温至300℃保温4小时，得到最终的轴套。
2. 如权利要求1所述的一种润滑性良好的轴套，所述堆焊层材料为：Cr 10-11%，Ti 8-9%，Si 5-6%，Zn 2-3%，Ca 0.7-0.8%， Cu 0.04-0.05%，Zn 0.02-0.03%，余量为Ni。
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