CN106087401A - 一种镀银短纤维、抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种镀银短纤维、抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106087401A CN106087401A CN201610522025.7A CN201610522025A CN106087401A CN 106087401 A CN106087401 A CN 106087401A CN 201610522025 A CN201610522025 A CN 201610522025A CN 106087401 A CN106087401 A CN 106087401A
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
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- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
- C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
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- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
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- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
- D06M11/20—Halides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table, e.g. zirconyl chloride
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- D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种镀银短纤维、抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物及其制造方法。该镀银短纤维的制造方法包括下述步骤:对尼龙长丝进行预处理,然后依次进行纤维的表面活化处理、敏化处理和催化处理,再用银氨溶液还原法进行镀银,然后对所得长丝进行剪切,形成镀银短纤维,即可。本发明的镀银短纤维的镀银层表面均匀,其抗菌效果和抗菌持久性优异,并且本发明的镀银短纤维十分合适棉纺***的开松工序,能避免物料损耗。本发明的抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物从材料到面料都不添加任何抗菌助剂,环保且安全,其抑菌效果达到国内外最高标准值,吸湿排汗效果也完全符合相应的国家标准,并且所具备的抗菌和吸湿排汗功能永久有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种镀银短纤维、抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物及其制造方法。
背景技术
目前市场中大部分抗菌面料多采用后整理添加抗菌助剂形式进行抗菌处理,其主要是抗菌功能性会经过水洗等因素不断下降,同时抗菌助剂本身对环境和人体也是会有一定的危害,而吸湿排汗面料大多通过异型纤维及面料的组织结构来实现,而这种吸排面料针对的人群由于汗液较多会滋生很多细菌,从而对人体产生危害。
当前,在抗菌织物的制造中也有使用到镀银短纤维,但这种镀银短纤维一般都是采用尼龙短纤维直接镀银。由于尼龙短纤维基材不容易进行表面处理,镀银层表面会不均匀,并且表面银层质量比大约只有10%左右,这使得抗菌织物的抗菌效果不佳,基本只有70%-80%,并且在实际使用过程中难以长期维持其抗菌效果。
因此,如何提供一种抗菌,对人体无害又同时具有良好的吸湿排汗作用的织物,是本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题在于克服了现有技术中的抗菌织物主要通过添加抗菌助剂来提高抗菌性能,不环保,并且对人体健康存在安全隐患,而吸湿排汗的面料又容易滋生细菌,使用镀银短纤维的抗菌织物的抗菌效果不佳且难以长期保持抗菌效果等的缺陷,提供一种镀银短纤维、抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物及其制造方法。本发明的镀银短纤维的镀银层表面均匀,就70D/48F规格的镀银短纤维中,其表面银层质量比能达到18%左右,其抗菌效果和抗菌持久性优异,并且本发明的镀银短纤维十分合适棉纺***的开松工序,能避免物料损耗。本发明的抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物从材料到面料都不添加任何抗菌助剂,环保且安全,并且所具备的抗菌和吸湿排汗(简称吸排)功能永久有效。该抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物的抑菌效果远超FZ/T 73023-2006抗菌针织品AAA级别标准(抑菌测试的最高级别),即50次水洗后:金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6538)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥70%);大肠杆菌(8099)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥70%);白色念珠菌(ATCC 10231)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥60%)。达到国内外最高标准值。吸湿排汗效果根据GB/T21655.1-2008标准,测试出来的结果为芯吸高度横向和纵向均为120-140mm符合标准的≥100mm;吸水率为380%,符合标准的≥200%。
本发明通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题。
本发明提供了一种镀银短纤维的制造方法,其包括下述步骤:对尼龙长丝进行预处理,然后依次进行纤维的表面活化处理、敏化处理和催化处理,再用银氨溶液还原法进行镀银,然后对所得长丝进行剪切,形成镀银短纤维,即可。
其中,所述的尼龙可为本领域常规使用的尼龙材料,较佳地为尼龙6和/或尼龙66。按本领域常识,所述尼龙长丝为FDY尼龙长丝。所述尼龙长丝的规格不限,例如70D/48F、140D/96F或70D/24F等均可。
按本领域常识,为了便于操作,可将所述尼龙长丝织成织片后进行所述制造。
其中,所述的预处理的方法和条件为本领域常规的方法和条件,一般为定型处理和/或清洗处理。所述的定型处理为本领域常规。所述的清洗处理为本领域常规,用于去除尼龙长丝表面的油迹和污垢。所述的清洗处理的操作较佳地包括:采用超声清洗,然后用去离子水洗净,干燥。在所述超声清洗中,所用溶剂较佳地为丙酮,所述超声清洗的时间较佳地为10-20min,更佳地为15min。
其中,所述表面活化处理的方法和条件可为本领域常规的方法和条件,其目的在于增强纤维表面的亲水性和增加表面的粗糙程度,使纤维表面形成许多凹坑,从而增大纤维与银层的反应面积,并作为金属镀层与纤维结合“铆合点”,以提高金属镀层的结合牢度。所述表面活化处理的操作较佳地包括:使用硝酸和盐酸的混合溶液浸泡所述尼龙长丝,洗净后干燥。所述硝酸的浓度较佳地为0.1-0.2mol/L,所述盐酸的浓度较佳地为0.1-0.2mol/L。所述浸泡的时间较佳地为60-90min。
其中,所述敏化处理的方法和条件可为本领域常规的方法和条件,其目的在于粗化后的纤维表面吸附二价锡离子,其水解产物具有还原性,可以把银氨络合物还原成金属银。所述敏化处理的操作较佳地包括:用氯化亚锡和盐酸的混合溶液浸泡经表面活化处理的所述尼龙长丝,洗净后干燥。所述氯化亚锡的浓度较佳地为23-28g/L,更佳地为25g/L。所述浸泡的时间较佳地为60-90min。按本领域常识,为防止氯化亚锡水解产生白色沉淀,在配置氯化亚锡和盐酸的混合溶液时,可先用盐酸将氯化亚锡溶解再稀释成溶液,同时为阻止二价锡的氧化,可在配制好的溶液中加入少量锡粒。
其中,所述催化处理的方法和条件可为本领域常规的方法和条件,其目的在于降低化学反应的活化能。本发明中,进行催化处理可以使尼龙长丝的表面更加疏松,使得银更容易沉积,也增加了银与织物的结合力。所述催化处理的操作较佳地包括:用含催化剂的溶液浸泡经敏化处理的所述尼龙长丝,洗净后干燥。所述催化剂较佳地为氯化钯和/或硝酸镍。所述催化剂的浓度较佳地为0.1-0.2g/L,更佳地为0.15g/L。所述浸泡的时间较佳地为60-90min。
其中,所述银氨溶液还原法进行镀银的方法和条件可为本领域常规的方法和条件。本发明中,所述镀银的操作较佳地包括:用镀银液和还原液将经催化处理的所述尼龙长丝浸没,搅拌,使反应生成的银镀于所述尼龙长丝上,反应结束后,洗净,干燥。按本领域常识,所述镀银一般在镀池中进行。较佳地,所述镀银液中:AgNO3溶液质量浓度为0.01-0.04g/mL,NH3·H2O质量浓度为10-25g/mL,pH>8,优选pH为11-13。较佳地,所述还原液为葡萄糖水溶液,所述葡萄糖的浓度为0.015-0.050g/mL。所述反应的温度较佳地为20-45℃。所述反应的时间较佳地为0.5-4小时。按本领域常识,所述的镀银液中的银含量相对于尼龙长丝上的镀银上限而言是过量的。
其中,所述剪切的方法和条件可为本领域常规的方法和条件,只要剪切至所需的镀银短纤维的长度即可。本发明中,所述镀银短纤维的长度较佳地为30-56mm。由于棉纺***中常规天然纤维和化纤原料大多用38mm的长度来实现纺纱,因此,所述镀银短纤维的长度更佳地为38mm。
本发明还提供了一种由上述制备方法所制得的镀银短纤维。
其中,所述镀银短纤维的长度较佳地为30-56mm,更佳地为38mm。
其中,所述镀银短纤维的镀银层的厚度一般在1-1.5μm。较佳地,在所述镀银短纤维中,镀银质量占纤维质量的15-18wt%。
本发明还提供了一种抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物,其是由含有纳米银的涤纶长丝和吸排纱线交织而成的双面网眼针织面料;所述吸排纱线是由含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和所述镀银短纤维纺纱而成的,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和所述镀银短纤维的质量比为(96-90):(4-10)。
其中,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝为本领域常规的含有纳米银的涤纶长丝,一般是通过将纳米银PET涤纶抗菌母粒进行纺丝得到。所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝中,所述纳米银的含量较佳地为3900-6000mg/kg。所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝较佳地为DTY型的涤纶长丝。所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝的规格可按实际需要进行调整,例如50D/48F、75D/72F或100D/72F。
其中,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝与所述吸排纱线的纱线支数比例可按实际需要进行调整,例如1:1,1:2,1:3,2:1,3:1等。在本发明的一较佳实施方式中,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝与所述吸排纱线的纱线支数比为1:1。
其中,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维为本领域常规的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维,一般是通过将纳米银PET涤纶抗菌母粒进行纺丝得到。所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维的异型结构较佳地为十字型、三角型、丫形、五角形、三叶形、四叶形、五叶形、扇形或中空形。所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维中,所述纳米银的含量较佳地为3900-6000mg/kg。所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维较佳地为异型涤纶DTY。
其中,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和所述镀银短纤维的质量比较佳地为(96-92):(4-8)。
本发明中,所述的双面网眼针织面料的规格和形状可为本领域常规。一般来说,双面网眼针织面料的一面呈网眼状,一面呈平纹状。一般情况下,将网眼面作为正面,将平纹面作为反面。本发明中,较佳地,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝为网眼面,所述吸排纱线为平纹面。
本发明还提供了一种抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物的制造方法,其包括下述步骤:
(1)将质量比为(96-90):(4-10)的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和所述镀银短纤维并条混合,纺纱后得到吸排纱线;
(2)将所述吸排纱线与含有纳米银的涤纶长丝进行交织,形成双面网眼针织面料,即可。
其中,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝为本领域常规的含有纳米银的涤纶长丝,一般是通过将纳米银PET涤纶抗菌母粒进行纺丝得到。所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝中,所述纳米银的含量较佳地为3900-6000mg/kg。所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝较佳地为DTY型的涤纶长丝。所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝的规格可按实际需要进行调整,例如50D/48F、75D/72F或100D/72F。
其中,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝与所述吸排纱线的纱线支数比例可按实际需要进行调整,例如1:1,1:2,1:3,2:1,3:1等。在本发明的一较佳实施方式中,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝与所述吸排纱线的纱线支数比为1:1。
其中,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维为本领域常规的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维,一般是通过将纳米银PET涤纶抗菌母粒进行纺丝得到。所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维的异型结构较佳地为十字型、三角型、丫形、五角形、三叶形、四叶形、五叶形、扇形或中空形。所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维中,所述纳米银的含量较佳地为3900-6000mg/kg。所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维较佳地为异型涤纶DTY。
其中,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和所述镀银短纤维的质量比较佳地为(96-92):(4-8)。
本发明中,所述的双面网眼针织面料的规格和形状可为本领域常规。一般来说,双面网眼针织面料的一面呈网眼状,一面呈平纹状。一般情况下,将网眼面作为正面,将平纹面作为反面。本发明中,较佳地,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝为网眼面,所述吸排纱线为平纹面。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中,采用28G双面圆机来制造所述抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物,所得的面料克重约为180g/m2。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
本发明的抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物从材料到面料都不添加任何抗菌助剂,环保且安全,并且所具备的抗菌和吸湿排汗(简称吸排)功能永久有效。该抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物的抑菌效果远超FZ/T 73023-2006抗菌针织品AAA级别标准(抑菌测试的最高级别),即50次水洗后:金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥70%);大肠杆菌(8099)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥70%);白色念珠菌(ATCC 10231)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥60%)。达到国内外最高标准值。吸湿排汗效果根据GB/T 21655.1-2008标准,测试出来的结果为芯吸高度横向和纵向均为120-140mm符合标准的≥100mm;吸水率为380%,符合标准的≥200%。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
下述实施例中,所采用的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和含有纳米银的涤纶长丝均是采用纳米银PET涤纶抗菌母粒经纺丝制得的,该纳米银PET涤纶抗菌母粒的银含量为3960mg/kg,购自于晋大纳米科技(厦门)有限公司,纳米银抗菌涤纶母粒的型号为JDXKM-PET。
下述实施例中,采用28G双面圆机来制造所述抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物。
实施例1
一种镀银短纤维的制造方法,其步骤如下:
(1)预处理:将尼龙6FDY 70D/48F半消光长丝(下简称尼龙长丝)织成织片,浸入丙酮溶液中,放到超声清洗器中清洗15min,然后用去离子水洗净,干燥;
(2)表面活化处理:将清洗净的尼龙长丝分别用硝酸溶液(0.1mol/L)和盐酸溶液(0.1mol/L)进行浸泡60min后取出,用去离子水洗净,干燥;
(3)敏化处理:将经表面活化处理的尼龙长丝放入敏化剂(SnCl2溶液,25g/L)中浸泡60min,取出并用去离子水洗净,干燥;其中,敏化液由氯化亚锡(SnCl2·2H2O)和盐酸(37%)配制而成,配制溶液时,先用盐酸将氯化亚锡溶解再稀释成溶液,在配制好的溶液中加入少量锡粒;
(4)催化处理:将经敏化处理的尼龙长丝放入浓度为0.15g/L的氯化钯溶液中浸泡60min,然后取出并用去离子水洗净,干燥;
(5)镀银:将经过催化处理的尼龙长丝放入镀池中,取适量的镀银液(AgNO3溶液质量浓度为0.01g/mL,NH3·H2O质量浓度为10g/mL,pH为11)和还原液(葡萄糖水溶液质量浓度为0.015g/mL)倒入镀池中,并将尼龙长丝浸没,镀池温度控制在20~45℃,不断搅拌原料使镀层均匀,反应0.5小时后将产品取出,用去离子水清洗干净,干燥。
(6)剪切:将镀银后的尼龙长丝剪切至30mm,形成镀银短纤维,即可。
经检测,该镀银短纤维的镀银层厚度为1.0μm,镀银质量占纤维质量的16%。
实施例2
具体操作同实施例1,仅下述步骤的操作参数不同:
(1)预处理:尼龙长丝为尼龙66FDY 140D/96F长丝;
(5)镀银:镀银液中,AgNO3溶液质量浓度为0.02g/mL,NH3·H2O质量浓度为20g/mL,pH为12;葡萄糖水溶液质量浓度为0.050g/mL;反应时间1.5小时;
(6)剪切:将镀银后的尼龙长丝剪切至56mm。
经检测,该镀银短纤维的镀银层厚度为1.5μm,镀银质量占纤维质量的18%。
实施例3
具体操作同实施例2,仅下述步骤的操作参数不同:
(1)预处理:尼龙长丝为尼龙6FDY 70D/24F长丝;
(5)镀银:镀银液中,AgNO3溶液质量浓度为0.04g/mL,NH3·H2O质量浓度为25g/mL,pH为13;葡萄糖水溶液质量浓度为0.050g/mL;
(6)剪切:将镀银后的尼龙长丝剪切至38mm。
经检测,该镀银短纤维的镀银层厚度为1.4μm,镀银质量占纤维质量的17.5%。
实施例4
一种抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物的制造方法,其包括下述步骤:
(1)将质量比为92:8的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维(十字型)和实施例1制得的镀银短纤维并条混合,纺纱后得到吸排纱线;
(2)将吸排纱线与含有纳米银的涤纶长丝(DTY 75D/72F)以纱线支数1:1的比例进行交织,将含有纳米银的涤纶长丝作为网眼面,将吸排纱线作为平纹面,形成双面网眼针织面料,即可。
实施例5
一种抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物的制造方法,其包括下述步骤:
(1)将质量比为96:4的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维(三角型)和实施例2的镀银短纤维并条混合,纺纱后得到吸排纱线;
(2)将吸排纱线与含有纳米银的涤纶长丝(DTY 50D/48F)以纱线支数1:1的比例进行交织,将含有纳米银的涤纶长丝作为网眼面,将吸排纱线作为平纹面,形成双面网眼针织面料,即可。
实施例6
一种抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物的制造方法,其包括下述步骤:
(1)将质量比为90:10的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维(四叶型)和实施例3的镀银短纤维并条混合,纺纱后得到吸排纱线;
(2)将吸排纱线与含有纳米银的涤纶长丝(DTY 100D/72F)以纱线支数1:1的比例进行交织,将含有纳米银的涤纶长丝作为网眼面,将吸排纱线作为平纹面,形成双面网眼针织面料,即可。
实施例7
一种抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物的制造方法,其包括下述步骤:
(1)将质量比为94:6的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维(中空型)和实施例3的镀银短纤维并条混合,纺纱后得到吸排纱线;
(2)将吸排纱线与含有纳米银的涤纶长丝(DTY 50D/48F)以纱线支数1:1的比例进行交织,将含有纳米银的涤纶长丝作为网眼面,将吸排纱线作为平纹面,形成双面网眼针织面料,即可。
效果实施例
对实施例4-7所制得的抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物进行检测。
结果表明,所制得的抗菌和吸湿排汗的织物,其抑菌效果远超FZ/T73023-2006抗菌针织品AAA级别标准(抑菌测试的最高级别),即50次水洗后:金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥70%);大肠杆菌(8099)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥70%);白色念珠菌(ATCC 10231)抑菌率>99%(高于标准的≥60%)。达到国内外最高标准值。
吸湿排汗效果根据GB/T 21655.1-2008标准进行测试,测试出来的结果为芯吸高度横向和纵向均为120-140mm,符合标准的≥100mm;滴水扩散时间为0.5s,符合标准的≤3s;吸水率为380%,符合标准的≥200%;蒸发速率为0.18g/h,符合标准的≥0.18g/h;透湿量在温度38℃,湿度90%的环境下10500g/(m2d)符合标准的≥10000g/(m2d)。
Claims (10)
1.一种镀银短纤维的制造方法,其特征在于,其包括下述步骤:对尼龙长丝进行预处理,然后依次进行纤维的表面活化处理、敏化处理和催化处理,再用银氨溶液还原法进行镀银,然后对所得长丝进行剪切,形成镀银短纤维,即可。
2.如权利要求1所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述的尼龙为尼龙6和/或尼龙66;
和/或,将所述尼龙长丝织成织片后进行所述制造;
和/或,所述的预处理为定型处理和/或清洗处理;所述的清洗处理的操作包括:采用超声清洗,然后用去离子水洗净,干燥;
和/或,所述表面活化处理的操作包括:使用硝酸和盐酸的混合溶液浸泡所述尼龙长丝,洗净后干燥;
和/或,所述敏化处理的操作包括:用氯化亚锡和盐酸的混合溶液浸泡经表面活化处理的所述尼龙长丝,洗净后干燥;
和/或,所述催化处理的操作包括:用含催化剂的溶液浸泡经敏化处理的所述尼龙长丝,洗净后干燥;
和/或,所述镀银的操作包括:用镀银液和还原液将经催化处理的所述尼龙长丝浸没,搅拌,使反应生成的银镀于所述尼龙长丝上,反应结束后,洗净,干燥;
和/或,所述镀银短纤维的长度为30-56mm。
3.如权利要求2所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述超声清洗中,所用溶剂为丙酮,所述超声清洗的时间为10-20min;
和/或,所述表面活化处理中,所述硝酸的浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L,所述盐酸的浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L,所述浸泡的时间为60-90min;
和/或,所述敏化处理中,所述氯化亚锡的浓度为23-28g/L,所述浸泡的时间为60-90min;
和/或,所述催化处理中,所述催化剂为氯化钯和/或硝酸镍,所述催化剂的浓度为0.1-0.2g/L,所述浸泡的时间为60-90min;
和/或,所述镀银液中:AgNO3溶液质量浓度为0.01-0.04g/mL,NH3·H2O质量浓度为10-25g/mL,pH>8;所述还原液为葡萄糖水溶液,所述葡萄糖的浓度为0.015-0.050g/mL;所述反应的温度为20-45℃;所述反应的时间为0.5-4小时。
4.一种由如权利要求1~3任一项所述制备方法所制得的镀银短纤维。
5.如权利要求4所述的镀银短纤维,其特征在于,所述镀银短纤维的镀银层的厚度在1-1.5μm;在所述镀银短纤维中,镀银质量占纤维质量的15-18wt%。
6.一种抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物,其特征在于,其是由含有纳米银的涤纶长丝和吸排纱线交织而成的双面网眼针织面料;所述吸排纱线是由含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和如权利要求4或5所述的镀银短纤维纺纱而成的,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和所述镀银短纤维的质量比为(96-90):(4-10)。
7.如权利要求6所述的织物,其特征在于,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝中,所述纳米银的含量为3900-6000mg/kg;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝为DTY型的涤纶长丝;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维的异型结构为十字型、三角型、丫形、五角形、三叶形、四叶形、五叶形、扇形或中空形;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维中,所述纳米银的含量为3900-6000mg/kg;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维为异型涤纶DTY;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和所述镀银短纤维的质量比为(96-92):(4-8)。
8.一种抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物的制造方法,其特征在于,其包括下述步骤:
(1)将质量比为(96-90):(4-10)的含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和如权利要求4或5所述的镀银短纤维并条混合,纺纱后得到吸排纱线;
(2)将所述吸排纱线与含有纳米银的涤纶长丝进行交织,形成双面网眼针织面料,即可。
9.如权利要求8所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝中,所述纳米银的含量为3900-6000mg/kg;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的涤纶长丝为DTY型的涤纶长丝;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维的异型结构为十字型、三角型、丫形、五角形、三叶形、四叶形、五叶形、扇形或中空形;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维中,所述纳米银的含量为3900-6000mg/kg;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维为异型涤纶DTY;
和/或,所述含有纳米银的异型涤纶纤维和所述镀银短纤维的质量比为(96-92):(4-8)。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的制造方法,其特征在于,采用28G双面圆机来制造所述抗菌和吸湿排汗功能的织物。
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