CN106054250A - Seismic data noise reduction method based on frequency conversion component and diffusion filtering fusion - Google Patents

Seismic data noise reduction method based on frequency conversion component and diffusion filtering fusion Download PDF

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CN106054250A
CN106054250A CN201610405329.5A CN201610405329A CN106054250A CN 106054250 A CN106054250 A CN 106054250A CN 201610405329 A CN201610405329 A CN 201610405329A CN 106054250 A CN106054250 A CN 106054250A
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frequency conversion
seismic
conversion component
data
seismic data
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陈学华
周元茂
勾彬彬
杨威
李斌
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/364—Seismic filtering

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Abstract

A seismic data noise reduction method based on frequency conversion component and diffusion filtering fusion is a petroleum seismic exploration data processing and interpretation technique, and is a seismic data processing method with frequency conversion components of seismic data and reflection inclination angle guiding diffusion filtering being combined. The method is characterized by, to begin with, enabling a full-band original three-dimensional post-stack seismic data volume to be decomposed into a plurality of frequency conversion component data volumes; then, selecting suitable control parameters for each frequency conversion component data volume, and carrying out earthquake reflection inclination angle guiding diffusion filtering processing; and for the frequency conversion component data volumes obtained after processing, carrying out reconstruction and fusion by utilizing different weights, thereby greatly suppressing noise, highlighting effective discontinuous information, and improving data resolution ratio. The obtained data can be used for extracting seismic geometrical properties, thereby providing reliable technical support for reservoir seismic interpretation.

Description

The seismic data noise reduction methods merged based on frequency conversion component diffusing filter
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil seismic exploration data processing and interpretation field, be a kind of by the frequency conversion component of seismic data with Reflection inclination angle guides diffusing filter and combines, and for cutting down seismic data noise, retains and highlight having of comprising in seismic data Effect abnormal information, improves the technology of seismic data signal to noise ratio.
Background technology
Along with deepening continuously of oil-gas exploration and development, the usually complex reservoir earthquake under complex seismic geological condition Exploration problem.Complex seismic geological condition such as surface conditions is complicated, subsurface structure is complicated, needs to be designed with earthquake targetedly Gather observation system, and the subsurface structure of complexity makes the correct imaging playback of structure become more difficult.Particularly mountain front With high-dip structure district, not only structure is complicated and surface relief, causes seismic wave field complicated, and data quality is low, depositing of much noise The identification of earthquake useful signal at severe jamming.When complicated structure information and noise are aliasing in earthquake record, how to exist Suppressing noise while prominent effective tectonic information has just become seismic prospecting to need emphasis and the difficulties solved.
Extract and describe underground disconnected (layer) and split spatial distribution and the internal structure of (seam) system, oil-gas exploration and development is had The meaning of particular importance.But, the structure interpretation of Complicated Fault Zone is the difficult problem in seismic prospecting, due to by complicated structure stress Effect, the attitude of stratum of fracture belt is changeable, and fault form complexity is various, seismic data often exist seismic illumination uneven, The problems such as cross-sectional imaging is fuzzy, noise jamming is serious, data signal to noise ratio is low, bring difficulty to subsequent construction explanation work. Therefore, it is necessary to compacting noise jamming, the effective information of prominent seismic data, improve seismic data quality.Lot of domestic and foreign scholar Substantial amounts of research work has been carried out, it is proposed that multiple different noise drawing method, such as frequency in terms of seismic data noise compacting Rate territory filtering method, frequency-wavenumber domain filtering method, medium filtering (Bednar, 1983；Liu Cai etc., 2005；Liu Yang etc., 2011), Radon converter technique (Radon, 1917；Li Yuanqin, 1994；Niu Binhua etc., 2001；Liu Xiwu etc., 2004；Zhang Junhua Deng, 2004), fitting of a polynomial (Yu Shoupeng etc., 1989) etc..
Said method achieves preferable effect in the abatement of noise, but in seismic data process, the compacting of noise Protection with effective tectonic information is two problems the most compromise, so most noise reduction technique is required for balance The protection of useful signal and the compacting of noise, this lacks the protection targetedly to complicated structure information the most unavoidably.If filtering Improper it is possible that little turn-off tomography obscures, big turn-off tomography continuous print phenomenon, accurately explaining of tomography is interfered.With Sample ground, when the lineups change of pitch angle in seismic profile big or discontinuous time, inappropriate filtering can distort its real occurrence Feature.So compacting noise while extremely important to the protection of tectonic information, and structural grain filtering (Fehmers and Hocker；2003) noise compacting can be taken into account and useful signal is protected, have and not only protect tectonic information but also suppress the spy of noise Property, the seismic data noise attenuation based on this research work becomes the study hotspot received much concern, and has many scholars at this Progress (Al-Dossary and Marfurt, 2007) is achieved: Hoeber etc. (2006) are at Local plane wave on the basis of one research Under supposed premise, the mode that application is similar to is applied medium filtering in the plane being parallel to inclination angle, seismic wave lineups local, is cut The disconnected non-linear filtering method such as mean filter and adaptive Gaussian mixture model.Fomel and Guitton (2006) utilizes model domain again Parametric method realizes the establishing protective of earthquake plane wave and smooths.Traonmilin Yu Herrmann (2008) applies in f-x territory Structure keeps filtering.Whitcombe etc. (2008) describe a kind of structure concordance wave filter depending on frequency.Liu etc. (2010) non-linear configurations protection filtering is carried out by plane wave prediction.Liu Yang etc. (2014) construct based on non-steady similarity system The structure Steerable filter of number, for fault detection.Liu etc. (2015) apply inclination angle based on Hilbert transform method of estimation and Non-stationary fitting of a polynomial realizes structural grain filtering, for Attenuating Random Noise.
Owing to noise distribution characteristics in different frequency bands geological data and intensity there are differences, if structural grain filtering Carry out on Whole frequency band geological data, then the selection of filtering parameter is difficult to the change considering noise with seismic signal frequency range, it addition, Filtering Processing changes the dynamic characteristic of seismic signal, and as thicker in lineups, frequency reduces, and have impact on resolution to a certain extent Rate.Owing to the noise profile of actual seismic signal all has difference in performance characteristic and the signal to noise ratio of different frequency range, therefore need to consider Seismic signal to different frequency range uses the diffusing filter of different parameters so that it is have certain adaptivity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide for a kind of seismic data noise reduction methods merged based on frequency conversion component diffusing filter, its energy While noise in compacting seismic data, retain effective discontinuity abnormal information, improve the signal to noise ratio of seismic data.
The seismic data noise reduction methods merged based on frequency conversion component diffusing filter of the present invention, it is by seismic data Frequency conversion component guides diffusing filter with reflection inclination angle and combines, and in the range of seismic band, sets up multiple frequency conversion component data body, Again different frequency conversion component data bodies are carried out reflecting inclination angle and guide diffusing filter, it is thus achieved that after filtered frequency conversion component data body, They can be weighted reconstruct or extract earthquake geometric attribute.
The seismic data noise reduction methods merged based on frequency conversion component diffusing filter of the present invention, has the most superior Property:
(1) consider the noise difference in the existence such as the distribution characteristics of geological data different frequency bands and intensity, utilize three-dimensional Seismic data sets up multiple frequency conversion component data body, and carries out reflecting inclination angle guiding diffusion filter to it according to Frequency Band Selection Ripple, it is achieved that while compacting noise, retain and highlight the effect of effective information；
(2) by the different frequency conversion component data bodies of seismic data optionally use different filtering parameter reflect Inclination angle guides diffusing filter, makes the method for the present invention have certain adaptivity and higher motility, be conducive to prominent letter Make an uproar than the contribution rate of the specific frequency conversion component data body higher with resolution.
The present invention to implement principle as follows:
(1) calculating of the frequency conversion component data body of seismic data
The three-dimensional post-stack seismic data of input, extracts each single-channel seismic record out, from which if earthquake is recorded as x (t), on ground In shake frequency band range, for certain given frequency f0Instantaneous spectrum be calculated as follows:
IS f 0 ( t ) = I F F T f [ X ( f 0 + f ) exp ( - 2 π 2 f 2 α 2 f 0 2 β ) ] , α > 0 , β > 0
In formula,Represent the inversefouriertransform to frequency f, X (f0+ f) it is the earthquake Fourier that is recorded as x (t) Direct transform spectrum X (f) translation f0.α and β is the parameter of regulation wavelet basis function frequency continuity degree.
On the basis of the instantaneous spectrum that above-mentioned formula calculates, the frequency conversion component of seismic data is calculated as follows:
VCf0(t)=ISf0(t)exp[-iφf0(t)]
In formula, φf0T () is ISf0The instantaneous phase angle of (t).
(2) seismic reflection inclination angle guides diffusing filter
Utilize frequency conversion component to build structure tensor, structure tensor is used for diffusing filter equation, by the meter of structure tensor Calculate, utilize and carry out diffusing filter process, if it is anti-to search earthquake on the inclination direction that seismic reflection lineups coherence is the strongest Penetrate the discontinuous breakpoint of lineups, obtain non-reflective termination position, then suppressing the diffusion of filtering.
For frequency conversion seismic components VCf0(t), order
D x = ∂ ∂ x VC f 0 ( t ) , D y = ∂ ∂ y VC f 0 ( t ) , D x = ∂ ∂ z VC f 0 ( t )
Then structure tensor is:
S T = D x 2 D x · D y D x · D z D x · D y D y 2 D y · D z D x · D z D y · D z D z 2
After structure tensor is carried out Eigenvalues Decomposition, select wherein vertical with gradient direction characteristic vector, be set to { V2, V3, order
T 1 = V 21 2 + V 31 2 T 2 = V 21 · V 22 + V 31 · V 32 T 3 = V 21 · V 23 + V 31 · V 33 T 4 = V 22 2 + V 32 2 T 5 = V 22 · V 23 + V 32 · V 33 T 6 = V 23 2 + V 33 2
Then building diffusing filter tensor is:
D T = T 1 T 2 T 3 T 2 T 4 T 5 T 3 T 5 T 6
Utilize said structure tensor set up inclination angle guide diffusing filter equation be:
VC f 0 I + 1 ( t ) = VC f 0 I ( t ) + k · d i v { F · D T [ G σ * VC f 0 I ( t ) ] ▿ VC f 0 ( t ) } I ≥ 0
Wherein, I controls the filtering iteration number of times of diffusing filter equation,It is after the I time iteration diffusion filter filter processes Frequency conversion component；For gradient operator；K is the parameter controlling diffusing filter equation diffusion velocity；GσFor Gaussian smoothing filter letter Number, it controls parameter and is built by the dominant frequency of frequency conversion seismic components, adapts with the dominant frequency of frequency conversion seismic components；F is reflection breakpoint Control parameter, utilize structure tensor ST to build, both can keep the discontinuity information of earthquake reflection line-ups, compacting can be realized again The smothing filtering of noise.
Complete each frequency conversion seismic components data volume after seismic reflection inclination angle guides diffusing filter, different weights can be used It is reconstructed and merges, being used for extracting earthquake geometric attribute, it is achieved reservoir space distribution, fracture system imaging, reservoir interior detail The detection of micro structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body to certain offshore oilfield, and the method being utilized respectively the present invention processes front and place Data after reason, the interval of interest horizon slice of the three-dimensional maximum positive camber asked for.Wherein: (a) is to the method without the present invention The initial three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body processed calculates the maximum positive camber horizon slice obtained, and the method for (b) present invention processes After seismic data cube calculate obtain maximum positive camber horizon slice.
Fig. 2 with Fig. 1 is corresponding, the three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body to certain offshore oilfield, is utilized respectively the side of the present invention Method data before and after treatment, the interval of interest horizon slice of the three-dimensional minimal negative curvature asked for.Wherein: (a) to without The initial three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body that the method for the present invention processes calculates the minimal negative curvature horizon slice obtained, (b) this Seismic data cube after bright method processes calculates the minimal negative curvature horizon slice obtained.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention is as follows: the three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body of (1) input；(2) by three-dimensional poststack earthquake Data volume is decomposed into multiple frequency conversion component data body；(3) frequency conversion component data body is carried out seismic reflection inclination angle and guides diffusion filter Ripple processes, and obtains filtered frequency conversion component earthquake data body；(4) filtered frequency conversion component earthquake data body is weighted Reconstruct and fusion, it is thus achieved that suppressed noise, remained the 3-d seismic data set of effective discontinuity abnormal information simultaneously； (5) 3-d seismic data set obtaining step (4) asks for seismic volume curvature attributes；(6) input target zone bit data, from above-mentioned 3D data volume extracts horizon slice, for RESERVOIR INTERPRETATION.
The embodiment explanation of the present invention:
Fig. 1 compared for the three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body of certain offshore oilfield, before and after the method utilizing the present invention processes, point Not Ji Suan three-dimensional maximum positive camber body, the maximum positive camber then extracted along interval of interest from three-dimensional maximum positive camber body is along layer Section.From Fig. 1 a, the maximum directly the initial three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body processed without the method for the present invention calculated , there is serious background random noise and acquisition footprint interference, be almost difficult to effectively construct letter in positive camber horizon slice Breath.After three-dimensional post-stack seismic data being processed by the method for the present invention, the maximum positive camber horizon slice from Fig. 1 b, Clearly demonstrating the east northeast-Nan Xi fracture belt to distribution, various noise jamming substantially weaken, and the effective informations such as tomography are notable Strengthen.
Similar with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 compared for from this area's three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body before the method for the present invention processes After, the minimal negative curvature horizon slice asked for.From Fig. 1 a, directly the initial three-dimensional processed without the method for the present invention is folded , there is serious background random noise and acquisition footprint interference in the maximum positive camber horizon slice that rear seismic data cube calculates, several It is difficult to effective tectonic information.After three-dimensional post-stack seismic data being processed by the method for the present invention, from Fig. 1 b Maximum positive camber horizon slice is visible, clearly demonstrates the east northeast-Nan Xi fracture belt to distribution, and various noise jamming substantially subtract Weak, and the effective informations such as tomography are obviously enhanced, and explain providing strong support for seismic reservoir, the method illustrating the present invention Superiority.

Claims (4)

1. the seismic data noise reduction methods merged based on frequency conversion component diffusing filter, it is characterised in that use following tool Body step: the three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body of (1) input；(2) three-dimensional post-stack seismic data body is decomposed into multiple frequency conversion component Data volume；(3) frequency conversion component data body is carried out seismic reflection inclination angle and guides diffusing filter process, obtain filtered frequency conversion Component earthquake data body；(4) filtered frequency conversion component earthquake data body it is weighted reconstruct and merges, it is thus achieved that suppressing Noise, remains the 3-d seismic data set of effective discontinuity abnormal information simultaneously；(5) three-dimensional that step (4) is obtained Seismic data cube asks for seismic volume curvature attributes；(6) input target zone bit data, extracts along layer from above-mentioned 3D data volume Section, for RESERVOIR INTERPRETATION.
The seismic data noise reduction methods merged based on frequency conversion component diffusing filter the most according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be: establish seismic data frequency conversion component calculation method based on instantaneous spectrum and formula, utilize this formula by three-dimensional poststack Seismic data cube is decomposed into multiple frequency conversion component data body.
The seismic data noise reduction methods merged based on frequency conversion component diffusing filter the most according to claim 1, it is special Levying and be: establish seismic reflection inclination angle and guide diffusing filter algorithm, it controls parameter and is built by the dominant frequency of frequency conversion seismic components, Adapt with the dominant frequency of frequency conversion seismic components, make this algorithm have certain adaptivity and higher motility.
The seismic data noise reduction methods merged based on frequency conversion component diffusing filter the most according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be: with different weights frequency conversion component earthquake data body be reconstructed and merge, be conducive to prominent signal to noise ratio and point Distinguish the contribution rate of the frequency conversion component of higher specific dominant frequency.
CN201610405329.5A 2016-06-08 2016-06-08 Seismic data noise reduction method based on frequency conversion component and diffusion filtering fusion Pending CN106054250A (en)

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CN108415077A (en) * 2018-02-11 2018-08-17 中国石油化工股份有限公司 New edge detection low order fault recognition methods
CN109655913A (en) * 2017-10-11 2019-04-19 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Seismic signal dynamic filter method and system
CN109669213A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-04-23 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Frequency dividing diffusing filter tomography intensifying method based on optimization Morlet small echo
CN111929726A (en) * 2019-09-04 2020-11-13 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Seismic coherent data volume processing method and device
CN112596104A (en) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-02 成都理工大学 Seismic data denoising method combining tensor decomposition and total variation
CN113325472A (en) * 2021-05-21 2021-08-31 成都理工大学 Seismic wave field sub-component extraction method based on principal component analysis

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN109655913A (en) * 2017-10-11 2019-04-19 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Seismic signal dynamic filter method and system
CN109655913B (en) * 2017-10-11 2020-07-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Seismic signal dynamic filtering method and system
CN108415077A (en) * 2018-02-11 2018-08-17 中国石油化工股份有限公司 New edge detection low order fault recognition methods
CN108415077B (en) * 2018-02-11 2021-02-26 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Edge detection low-order fault identification method
CN109669213A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-04-23 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Frequency dividing diffusing filter tomography intensifying method based on optimization Morlet small echo
CN109669213B (en) * 2019-02-25 2021-07-06 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Frequency division diffusion filtering fault strengthening method based on optimized Morlet wavelet
CN111929726A (en) * 2019-09-04 2020-11-13 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Seismic coherent data volume processing method and device
CN111929726B (en) * 2019-09-04 2023-02-10 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Seismic coherent data volume processing method and device
CN112596104A (en) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-02 成都理工大学 Seismic data denoising method combining tensor decomposition and total variation
CN112596104B (en) * 2020-12-09 2022-04-01 成都理工大学 Seismic data denoising method combining tensor decomposition and total variation
CN113325472A (en) * 2021-05-21 2021-08-31 成都理工大学 Seismic wave field sub-component extraction method based on principal component analysis

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