CN106049288A - Graded casting construction method for cast-in-place annular cantilever pier stud - Google Patents
Graded casting construction method for cast-in-place annular cantilever pier stud Download PDFInfo
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- CN106049288A CN106049288A CN201610495086.9A CN201610495086A CN106049288A CN 106049288 A CN106049288 A CN 106049288A CN 201610495086 A CN201610495086 A CN 201610495086A CN 106049288 A CN106049288 A CN 106049288A
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- pier stud
- concrete
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- reinforcing bar
- construction
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of construction of special-shaped cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures of urban bridges and expressway bridges, in particular to a graded casting construction method for a cast-in-place annular cantilever pier stud. The method mainly includes the steps of staking out in survey, manufacturing and mounting of pier stud embedded bars, bearing platform casting, erection of a pier stud manufacturing support system, mounting of upper steel bars, manufacturing and mounting of a formwork, erection of a local support system, pier stud concrete pouring, curing and form removal. By means of the method, the overall appearance quality and geometric dimension precision of a finished pier stud are greatly improved, construction safety is guaranteed, and the construction cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the construction technology neck of cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete abnormity structures in Urban Bridge, bridge on highway
Territory, particularly relates to a kind of cast-in-place annular and encorbelments pier stud by several times pouring construction method.
Background technology
Along with deepening continuously of Modernized City Construction, abnormity pier stud is by its structure grace, strong adaptability, relatively concrete
Solid pier stud is saved material and is extensively designed so that use, especially in landscape bridge.Owing to its moulding is complicated so that from steel
Muscle installation, formwork erection, all increase than conventional pier stud difficulty in difficulty of construction to final concreting.Among these former
Because mainly including that abnormity pier stud outer dip angle is big, in mould, working place is little, steel bar stress spacing is closeer, and concrete vibration stick cannot
From top, directly deeply vibrate in bottom.The construction method of conventional pier stud is that reinforcing bar takes the lead in colligation, after reinforcing bar binding completes once
Model sheetinstallat is completed by property, finally carries out concreting.So construction method of primary concreting is held for abnormity pier stud very much
Easily causing model sheetinstallat not in place, concreting is vibrated not in place, and the later stage causes the presentation qualities such as faulting of slab ends, honeycomb, pitted skin to lack
Fall into.Simultaneously when model sheetinstallat need not in place are adjusted, extend construction period.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existed for prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of safe and reliable, practical, construction
The cast-in-place annular that speed is fast, Mass accuracy is high is encorbelmented pier stud by several times pouring construction method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention can be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of cast-in-place annular is encorbelmented pier stud pouring construction method by several times, comprises the following steps:
(1) surveying and locating: before cushion cap roof steel bar installs concreting, measures unwrapping wire to top pier stud,
Measuring instrument is utilized to release the vertically and horizontally axis of pier stud, so that it is determined that outer edge bottom pier stud；
(2) pier stud embedded bar fabrication and installation: site operation personnel carry out reinforcement fabrication according to construction reinforced bar drawing, so
Afterwards according to measuring the unwrapping wire data of teams and groups, use interim reinforcing bar stationary annular to encorbelment pier stud embedded bar position, and add interim
Support, it is ensured that reinforcing bar not flexural deformation；
(3) cushion cap pours: pier stud reinforcing bar is pre-buried complete after carry out cushion cap and pour, treat that cushion cap has poured, concrete reaches
After design strength, pier stud root (cushion cap top) concrete is carried out dabbing, cut the laitance on surface, and clear up scum silica frost and broken
Bits；
(4) pier stud makes strutting system and sets up: poured at cushion cap, after form removal, started to set up support with auxiliary
Annular is encorbelmented pier stud reinforcement installation, model sheetinstallat and concreting operation；
(5) upper reinforcement is installed: before upper reinforcement is installed, by computer graphics software, be plotted in reinforcement installation mistake
Journey needs the auxiliary magnet used, the key point that these points include for reinforcing bar location, check, plan reinforcement installation the most in advance
Sequentially；At the scene in installation process, carry out positioning, checking with plummet and tape measure；
(6) template construct is installed: during template construct, first with construction drawing, sets up 3D model by three-dimensional graphics software
Simulate annular to encorbelment pier stud, understand the difficult point that Pier Formwork makes in advance；After template construct is good, it is carried out piecemeal volume
Number；Before installation, by three-dimensional software, model sheetinstallat teams and groups are told somebody what one's real intentions are, in electronic drawing, determine the pass of model sheetinstallat simultaneously
Key point；At the scene during model sheetinstallat, plummet, tape measure is utilized to position；With contact position, cushion cap surface bottom template, with flitch or
Other soft matters fill and lead up embedding reality with after-pouring pier stud concrete；High-tensile strength Screw arbor with nut at both-ends, high-tensile strength nut is utilized to enter between different steel forms
Row connects；After model sheetinstallat terminates, its repetition measurement, plan-position, elevation and perpendicularity can be carried out after meeting requirement by measurement group
Next step construction；
(7) locally shore frame system is set up: encorbelments bigger position for annular pier stud of encorbelmenting, need to prop up support shuttering
Upper frame carries out local strengthening；Before setting up shore frame, the relevant load that following casting concrete produces need to be calculated, determine that scaffold is taken
If scheme；After scheme meets code requirement, carry out local shore frame and strengthen；
(8) pier stud concreting: in terms of raw material selection, selects match ratio to meet specification and the high-quality of design requirement
Commercial Concrete；Bigger for annular degree of encorbelmenting, it is impossible to the pier stud of primary concreting molding carries out pouring by several times, and construction joint should stay
Less at shearing and be easy to construction position；Determining position before pouring premise, when concreting, vibrator is as a plug
The mode that main, attached vibrator is auxiliary is vibrated, and pier stud concrete uses pumping method to enter mould, when needing multilamellar to pour, therebetween
Time of having a rest is the longest must not exceed the concrete presetting period, and the slump of concrete controls in the range of code requirement；Concrete vibrator uses height
Frequently minor diameter poker vibrator, inserts soon when vibrating and pulls out slowly, and when pouring upper strata, poker vibrator extend into lower floor 5-10cm, should
Prevent the impact of template vibrated device from deforming or collision slab, reinforcing bar, built-in fitting, find that reinforcing bar is trampled or support member moves
During position, revise in time, forbid operating personnel arbitrarily to walk about on reinforcing bar；Consider to consider at local angle sudden change larger part simultaneously
Perforate on steel form, uses poker vibrator, it is ensured that quality of vibrating, carries out completion after having poured after perforate；Vibrating time
Discharge with bottom bubble major part and be advisable, forbid super shake or leak shake；
(9) health preserving: the maintenance with geotextiles or covered rearing with plastic film of should sprinkling water as early as possible after concrete placings completes to receive slurry, keeps
The wetting state of concrete continuous surface；The concrete water seasoning time is no less than 7 days, and it is responsible to set special messenger；
(10) form removal: for without encorbelmenting position, removing when concrete compressive strength reaches 2.5Mpa；Bigger for having
Encorbelment position, just can should remove after concrete strength reaches 100% design strength；After form removable, concrete surface
Defect should be repaired in time, it is ensured that presentation quality.
Further, in step (3), note during dabbing the most pre-buried pier stud reinforcing bar is protected.
Further, in step (4), support is set up scope and is determined, two according to the size of pier stud plane both direction
The scope of the outer 0.5m-3m of the maximum span in individual direction sets up " returning " font support.
Further, in step (8), often group pier stud concrete material selects the sand material with the place of production and the cement of same specification.
Further, in step (8), at gradation casting position, after having poured every time, timely dabbing, cleaning laitance,
Foreign material, it is ensured that next time pours new-old concrete effective adhesive；Before pouring next time, cleaning new-old concrete seam crossing again, protect
Card two-step pouring has effective adhesive, forms entirety.
Construction drawing is deepened by the present invention further, determines the check point of reinforcement installation, it is ensured that reinforcement installation is accurate, profit
Set up annular with three-dimensional software to encorbelment pier stud 3D model, make high-precision fixed steel form, use outside template and enclose purlin system, template
Between be attached for high-tensile strength screw rod, piece is tight, and it is firm to reinforce, and pier shaft is without tie rod hole, for bigger position of encorbelmenting, in advance
Carry out support checking computations, it is ensured that the safety of later stage concreting；Determine casting position by several times before concreting, water at concrete
When building, vibrator is main as a plug, and the mode that attached vibrator is auxiliary is vibrated, and template is carried out by abrupt local position
Perforate is vibrated.After pouring by several times, timely dabbing, cleaning, ready for pouring next time, the most clear before pouring next time
Reason, it is ensured that new-old concrete has effective adhesive, forms entirety.This series of measures will be greatly improved pier stud finished product overall appearance quality
With geometric accuracy, ensure construction safety simultaneously, saved construction cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is construction process figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that reinforcing bar 1a ' key point of the present invention confirms figure；
Fig. 3 is the reinforcing bar 1c ' location drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the annular of the present invention is encorbelmented pier stud 3D illustraton of model；
Fig. 5 is template piecemeal schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is present invention local shore frame system schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that concrete of the present invention pours schematic diagram by several times；
In figure: 1-pier stud, 2-shore frame, 3-side template, 1a '-reinforcing bar, 1c '-reinforcing bar.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is further illustrated:
Such as Fig. 1, cast-in-place annular of the present invention is encorbelmented pier stud pouring construction method by several times, comprises the following steps:
(1) surveying and locating
Before cushion cap roof steel bar installs concrete construction, measure teams and groups and pier stud outline is measured unwrapping wire, ginseng
According to cap design of pile size: long 1750cm, wide 750cm, high 200cm, measuring instrument is utilized to release the vertically and horizontally axis of pier stud, thus
Determining outer edge bottom pier stud, the pre-buried position of pier stud reinforcing bar and template assembly position, for later stage reinforcement installation and model sheetinstallat
Ready.
(2) pier stud embedded bar fabrication and installation
Site operation personnel carry out reinforcement fabrication according to construction reinforced bar drawing, with measurement group unwrapping wire as foundation, install pre-
The embedded bar made, uses interim reinforcing bar anchor block post embedded bar position, prepares for top pier stud reinforcement installation.With hanging
Machine is disposably lifted into and pours position, place by several times, and adds temporary support, it is ensured that reinforcing bar not flexural deformation.
(3) cushion cap pours
Pier stud reinforcing bar is pre-buried complete after carry out cushion cap and pour, treat that cushion cap has poured, after concrete reaches design strength, right
Pier stud root (cushion cap top) concrete carries out dabbing, cuts the laitance on surface, and clears up scum silica frost and chip, and it is right to note during dabbing
The most pre-buried pier stud reinforcing bar is protected.
(4) pier stud making strutting system is set up
Pour at cushion cap, after form removal, started to set up support and encorbelment pier stud reinforcement installation, template with means of complementary annular
Install and concreting operation.Support is set up scope and is determined, in both direction according to the size of pier stud plane both direction
The scope of the outer 0.5m-3m of maximum span set up " going back to " font support, middle part reserved steel bar and model sheetinstallat position.So set up
The advantage of support be need not later stage further adjusting pole, reinforcement installation, Site Welding and model sheetinstallat all can be existing
Increase and decrease voluntarily on bracket basis, flexibly and easily.Assuming that X-direction pier stud the widest part reaches 1625cm, Y-direction width is the most a width of
300cm, support is at a length of 1800cm of X-direction, a length of 450cm of Y-direction, then X-direction sets up a length of 175cm, and Y-direction is taken
If width is 150cm.
(5) upper reinforcement is installed
Before upper reinforcement is installed, by computer graphics software, need during being plotted in reinforcement installation to use is auxiliary
Helping a little, the key point that these points include for reinforcing bar location, check, such as reinforcing bar 1a ' in Fig. 2, in order to ensure that reinforcement installation is accurate
Really, determine in advance key point A on computers, B ... H, G, and the distance between determining, so when making reinforcing bar 1a ', the most more
It is easily guaranteed that the accurate of size.Planning reinforcement installation order, such as reinforcing bar 1c ' in Fig. 3, it is possible at side template 3 the most in advance
Carrying out in-site installation after installing again, be thus easier to ensure that installation puts in place, size is little with drawing deviation.Installation process at the scene
In, with plummet, tape measure location, check.
(6) template construct is installed
During template construct, first with construction drawing, set up 3D model by three-dimensional graphics software and simulate abnormity pier stud, as
Shown in Fig. 4.Understand the difficult point that Pier Formwork makes in advance.After template construct is good, carry out piecemeal numbering, as shown in Figure 5.Install
Before, by three-dimensional software, model sheetinstallat teams and groups are told somebody what one's real intentions are, vivider, it is easier to understand.Determine in electronic drawing simultaneously
The key point of model sheetinstallat.At the scene during model sheetinstallat, plummet, tape measure is utilized to position.Connect with cushion cap surface bottom template
Synapsis, fills and leads up embedding reality with after-pouring pier stud concrete with flitch or other soft matters.Utilize between different steel forms high-tensile strength Screw arbor with nut at both-ends,
High-tensile strength nut is attached.After model sheetinstallat terminates, measurement group is to its repetition measurement, and plan-position, elevation and perpendicularity meet to be wanted
Next step construction can be carried out after asking.
For annular inboard template C1-C3, No. C8, as it is shown in fig. 7, need to install after having poured for the first time, during installation
Locked by high-tensile strength screw rod mutually with adjacent forms.And for top template C4-C7, then need to set up strutting system in advance,
Installation form again after strutting system is set up.
(7) locally shore frame system is set up
Annular pier stud of encorbelmenting is encorbelmented bigger position, the shore frame of support shuttering need to be carried out local strengthening, such as Fig. 6
Shown in；Before setting up shore frame, the relevant load that following casting concrete produces need to be calculated, determine shore frame erection scheme；Scheme
After meeting code requirement, carry out local shore frame and strengthen.
(8) pier stud concreting
In terms of raw material selection, match ratio is selected to meet specification and the best buy concrete of design requirement.Annular is hanged
Choose degree bigger, it is impossible to the pier stud of primary concreting molding carries out pouring by several times, and as shown in Figure 6, construction joint should stay shearing relatively
Little and be easy to construction position；Determining position before pouring premise, when concreting, vibrator is main, attachment as a plug
The mode that formula vibrator is auxiliary is vibrated, and pier stud concrete uses pumping method to enter mould, and often group pier stud concrete material is selected with the place of production
Sand material and the cement of same specification；When needing multilamellar to pour, its intermittent time is the longest must not exceed the concrete presetting period, the slump of concrete
Degree controls in the range of code requirement；Owing to pier stud reinforcing bar density is bigger, it is impossible to use tumbling barrel, string pipe, therefore concrete vibrator is adopted
With high frequency minor diameter poker vibrator, inserting soon and pull out slowly when vibrating, when pouring upper strata, poker vibrator extend into lower floor 5-
10cm, should prevent template vibrated device impact and deform or collision slab, reinforcing bar, built-in fitting, find reinforcing bar trampled or
During support member displacement, revise in time, forbid operating personnel arbitrarily to walk about on reinforcing bar；Consider in local angle sudden change bigger simultaneously
Place considers perforate on steel form, as it is shown in fig. 7, use poker vibrator after perforate, it is ensured that quality of vibrating, after having poured
Carry out completion；Vibrating time is discharged with bottom bubble major part and is advisable, forbid super shake or leak shake.
At gradation casting position, after having poured every time, timely dabbing, clear up laitance, foreign material, it is ensured that next time pours newly
Old concrete has effective adhesive；Before pouring next time, cleaning new-old concrete seam crossing again, it is ensured that two-step pouring has effective adhesive,
Form entirety.
(9) health preserving: the maintenance with geotextiles or covered rearing with plastic film of should sprinkling water as early as possible after concrete placings completes to receive slurry, keeps
The wetting state of concrete continuous surface；The concrete water seasoning time is no less than 7 days, and it is responsible to set special messenger.
(10) form removal: for without encorbelmenting position, removing when concrete compressive strength reaches 2.5Mpa；Bigger for having
Encorbelment position, just can should remove after concrete strength reaches 100% design strength；After form removable, concrete surface
Defect should be repaired in time, it is ensured that presentation quality.
For a person skilled in the art, can be made other various accordingly according to above technical scheme and design
Change and deformation, and within all these changes and deformation all should belong to the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a cast-in-place annular is encorbelmented pier stud pouring construction method by several times, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) surveying and locating: before cushion cap roof steel bar installs concreting, measures unwrapping wire to top pier stud, utilizes
Measuring instrument releases the vertically and horizontally axis of pier stud, so that it is determined that outer edge bottom pier stud；
(2) pier stud embedded bar fabrication and installation: site operation personnel carry out reinforcement fabrication, then root according to construction reinforced bar drawing
According to measuring the unwrapping wire data of teams and groups, use interim reinforcing bar stationary annular to encorbelment pier stud embedded bar position, and add temporary support,
Ensure reinforcing bar not flexural deformation；
(3) cushion cap pours: pier stud reinforcing bar is pre-buried complete after carry out cushion cap and pour, treat that cushion cap has poured, concrete reaches design
After intensity, pier stud root (cushion cap top) concrete is carried out dabbing, cuts the laitance on surface, and clear up scum silica frost and chip；
(4) pier stud makes strutting system and sets up: poured at cushion cap, after form removal, started to set up support with means of complementary annular
Encorbelment pier stud reinforcement installation, model sheetinstallat and concreting operation；
(5) upper reinforcement is installed: before upper reinforcement is installed, by computer graphics software, during being plotted in reinforcement installation
Needing the auxiliary magnet used, the key point that these points include for reinforcing bar location, check, planning reinforcement installation is suitable the most in advance
Sequence；At the scene in installation process, carry out positioning, checking with plummet and tape measure；
(6) template construct is installed: during template construct, first with construction drawing, sets up 3D model by three-dimensional graphics software and carrys out mould
Near-ring shape is encorbelmented pier stud, understands the difficult point that Pier Formwork makes in advance；After template construct is good, it is carried out piecemeal numbering；Peace
Before dress, by three-dimensional software, model sheetinstallat teams and groups are told somebody what one's real intentions are, in electronic drawing, determine the key point of model sheetinstallat simultaneously；
At the scene during model sheetinstallat, plummet, tape measure is utilized to position；With contact position, cushion cap surface bottom template, with flitch or other
Soft matter fills and leads up embedding reality with after-pouring pier stud concrete；High-tensile strength Screw arbor with nut at both-ends, high-tensile strength nut is utilized to carry out even between different steel forms
Connect；After model sheetinstallat terminates, measurement group can carry out next to its repetition measurement, plan-position, elevation and perpendicularity after meeting requirement
Step construction；
(7) locally shore frame system is set up: encorbelment bigger position for annular pier stud of encorbelmenting, need to be to the shore frame of support shuttering
Carry out local strengthening；Before setting up shore frame, the relevant load that following casting concrete produces need to be calculated, determine scaffold building side
Case；After scheme meets code requirement, carry out local shore frame and strengthen；
(8) pier stud concreting: in terms of raw material selection, selects match ratio to meet specification and the best buy of design requirement
Concrete；Bigger for annular degree of encorbelmenting, it is impossible to the pier stud of primary concreting molding carries out pouring by several times, and construction joint should stay shearing
Less and be easy to construction position；Determining position before pouring premise, when concreting, vibrator is main, attached as a plug
The mode that the formula vibrator of wearing is auxiliary is vibrated, and pier stud concrete uses pumping method to enter mould, when needing multilamellar to pour, and its intermittent time
The longest must not exceed the concrete presetting period, the slump of concrete controls in the range of code requirement；Concrete vibrator uses high frequency little directly
Footpath poker vibrator, inserts soon when vibrating and pulls out slowly, and when pouring upper strata, poker vibrator extend into lower floor 5-10cm, should prevent mould
The vibrated device of plate affects and deforms or collision slab, reinforcing bar, built-in fitting, finds when reinforcing bar is trampled or support member shifts,
Revise in time, forbid operating personnel arbitrarily to walk about on reinforcing bar；Consider to consider at punching block at local angle sudden change larger part simultaneously
Perforate on plate, uses poker vibrator, it is ensured that quality of vibrating, carries out completion after having poured after perforate；Vibrating time is the end of with
Portion bubble major part is discharged and is advisable, forbid super shake or leak shake；
(9) health preserving: the maintenance with geotextiles or covered rearing with plastic film of should sprinkling water as early as possible after concrete placings completes to receive slurry, keeps concrete table
The wetting state that face is lasting；The concrete water seasoning time is no less than 7 days, and it is responsible to set special messenger；
(10) form removal: for without encorbelmenting position, removing when concrete compressive strength reaches 2.5Mpa；For there being relatively large cantilever
Position, just can should remove after concrete strength reaches 100% design strength；After form removable, concrete surface defect
Should repair in time, it is ensured that presentation quality.
Cast-in-place annular the most according to claim 1 is encorbelmented pier stud by several times pouring construction method, it is characterised in that: step (3)
In, note during dabbing the most pre-buried pier stud reinforcing bar is protected.
Cast-in-place annular the most according to claim 1 is encorbelmented pier stud by several times pouring construction method, it is characterised in that: step (4)
In, support is set up scope and is determined according to the size of pier stud plane both direction, the outer 0.5m-3m of maximum span in both direction
Scope set up " returning " font support.
Cast-in-place annular the most according to claim 1 is encorbelmented pier stud by several times pouring construction method, it is characterised in that: step (8)
In, often group pier stud concrete material selects the sand material with the place of production and the cement of same specification.
Cast-in-place annular the most according to claim 1 is encorbelmented pier stud by several times pouring construction method, it is characterised in that: step (8)
In, at gradation casting position, after having poured every time, timely dabbing, clear up laitance, foreign material, it is ensured that pour next time new and old mixed
Solidifying soil has effective adhesive；Before pouring next time, cleaning new-old concrete seam crossing again, it is ensured that two-step pouring has effective adhesive, formed
Overall.
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| CN201610495086.9A CN106049288B (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2016-06-27 | A kind of cast-in-place annular is encorbelmented pier stud gradation pouring construction method |
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| CN112051081A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-08 | 安徽工业大学 | Large-cantilever safe intelligent construction system and method for directly guiding construction by experimental data |
| CN113981830A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-28 | 中交一公局集团有限公司 | V-shaped pier construction method |
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| KR20050117733A (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2005-12-15 | 정영수 | Hollow type composite pier structure using precast concrete form and constructing method therefor |
| CN103321141A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-09-25 | 重庆交通大学 | Reinforced concrete cylindrical pier and construction method thereof |
| CN103437279A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-12-11 | 中交二公局第一工程有限公司 | Overhead cast-in-place box beam pressure-bearing strut and construction technology thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112051081A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-08 | 安徽工业大学 | Large-cantilever safe intelligent construction system and method for directly guiding construction by experimental data |
| CN113981830A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-28 | 中交一公局集团有限公司 | V-shaped pier construction method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106049288B (en) | 2017-12-29 |
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