CN106043459A - Car rear floor structure - Google Patents
Car rear floor structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106043459A CN106043459A CN201610417674.0A CN201610417674A CN106043459A CN 106043459 A CN106043459 A CN 106043459A CN 201610417674 A CN201610417674 A CN 201610417674A CN 106043459 A CN106043459 A CN 106043459A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rear floor
- spare tyre
- reinforcement
- automobile
- tyre pond
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000521257 Hydrops Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037805 labour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013433 optimization analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
- B62D25/2009—Floors or bottom sub-units in connection with other superstructure subunits
- B62D25/2027—Floors or bottom sub-units in connection with other superstructure subunits the subunits being rear structures
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a car rear floor structure. A buffer step is arranged on the front portion of a rear floor. A spare tire pool is formed in the rear portion of the rear floor. A rear floor front strengthening structure is arranged on the buffer step. A mounting support used for mounting of a spare tire is arranged in the middle of the spare tire pool. Reinforcing structures are arranged on the front portion, the rear portion and the side portions of the spare tire pool. The car rear floor structure is high in bearing capacity and simple in structure, the manufacturing process is convenient, the car rear floor structure has good modal rigidity performance, and meanwhile the lightweight requirement is met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of automobile construction, relate to automotive body structure, more particularly, it relates to a kind of automobile
Rear floor structure.
Background technology
Safety and the comfortableness of automobile is increasingly paid attention in Hyundai Motor design.Each big automaker is facing energy-conservation subtracting
Under row's equal pressure, more focus on body structure is optimized, it is desirable to reduce to greatest extent on the premise of ensureing vehicle performance
Production cost.
Spare tyre pond is placed with spare tyre mostly, in order to when automobile breaks down at existing automobile rear floor, can be with standby
The tire now scrapped replaced by tire.But existing automobile there may be following problem in terms of rear flooring design.
Spare tyre pond, rear floor locally carries the problem that may cause: the most increasing automobile not only fills in spare tyre pond
Purchase tire, and a whole set of driver's tool can be equipped with toward contact, thus cause rear floor bear in local, spare tyre pond spare tyre from
On the basis of Chong, need to bear bigger load-carrying.At galloping or in the most severe road conditions, vehicle body entirety is shaken
Dynamic more violent, the local load-carrying of spare tyre pond is excessive, it is easy to cause the solder joint at spare tyre fixed structure to come off, the most cracking
Risk.
The problem that rear floor machining process aspect exists: rear floor is the most all Sheet Metal Forming Technology molding.Deposit needed for spare tyre
Space is relatively big, causes spare tyre pond relatively deep, and panel beating drawing depth is bigger.Rear floor common material thickness is relatively thin, it is easy to cause spare tyre
Pond local mode rigidity property is not enough.Simultaneously because Sheet Metal Forming Technology cause thinning, by big for the thickness making rear floor spare tyre Chi Chu
Big reduction, this necessarily causes the risk of spare tyre pond Local Cracking.
Rear floor structure NVH that may be present performance issue: automobile in the process of moving, if rear floor local mode is firm
Degree performance is not enough, it is easy to low-frequency resonance occur, reduces NVH performance, affects the quality of vehicle.Spare tyre pond, rear floor partial structurtes
Long-term existence covibration, the risk that will cause local, spare tyre pond that fatigue cracking occurs.
Fact proved: the durability of the version of automobile rear floor, modal stiffness performance rear portion whole to automobile vehicle body,
Stability and safety all will have a great impact.
In order to improve the modal stiffness performance of automobile rear floor, conventional improved method has three kinds, flooring board after i.e. changing
Material or after increasing plate thick, or at rear ground panel area increase strengthening part.The weak point that these improved procedures exist
The most obvious, after replacing, flooring material can increase Sheet Metal Forming Technology difficulty, after increase plate thick or in spare tyre pond, rear floor
Around increasing strengthening part can cause tare to increase, and reduces fuel economy, can increase cost simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that one not only bearing capacity is strong, simple in construction, system
Make technique convenient, and there is good modal stiffness performance, meet the rear floor structure of automobile of lightweight requirements simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
This kind of rear floor structure of automobile, the front portion on described rear floor is provided with buffering step, and the rear portion on described rear floor is provided with
Spare tyre pond；Described buffering step is provided with rear ground prelaminar part reinforcement structure, is provided with the installation installing spare tyre in the middle part of described spare tyre pond
Support；Front portion, rear portion and the sidepiece in described spare tyre pond are equipped with reinforcement structure.
After described, ground prelaminar part reinforcement structure is the protrusion reinforcement being located on described buffering step.
The rear portion lateral symmetry on described rear floor is arranged.
The anterior reinforcement structure in described spare tyre pond is to be located at the forward land that described spare tyre pond is anterior；Described forward land
Edge is provided with anterior liquid-leaking nozzle；Described liquid-leaking nozzle edge is provided with groove.
The reinforcement structure at the rear portion in described spare tyre pond includes the aft land being symmetricly set in rear portion, described spare tyre pond；Described
Aft land edge is provided with rear portion liquid-leaking nozzle；Liquid-leaking nozzle edge, described rear portion is provided with groove, described rear portion liquid-leaking nozzle edge groove
It is provided with chamfering with aft land connecting position.
The reinforcement structure of the sidepiece in described spare tyre pond is that the matrix be located at and run through described sidewall on the sidewall of described spare tyre pond adds
Strong muscle.
Described mounting bracket includes installation base；Described installation base top is provided with spare tyre installing hole；Described installation base
Bottom bottom and spare tyre pond, set two convex reinforcements welding, is provided with recessed between two convex reinforcements bottom described spare tyre pond
Fall into reinforcement.
Described rear floor and floor side member lap position are provided with bar shaped reinforcement.
Described rear floor forward edge and the welding of rear floor crossmember.
Described forward land is be evenly distributed on front portion, spare tyre pond three.
It is an advantage of the current invention that: rear floor structure of automobile of the present invention, solve spare tyre pond, existing rear floor modal stiffness
Not enough problem.Rear floor structure of automobile provided by the present invention not only bearing capacity is strong, simple in construction, convenient manufacturing process,
And there is good modal stiffness performance.Simultaneously by topography optimization analysis means, reasonable Arrangement architectural feature so that structure
Performance reaches optimization, both ensure that the service behaviour of this structure, eliminates abnormal sound, meets NVH performance requirement；Meeting structure
Stiffness and strength require under, reached again light-weighted purpose.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Labelling in the content of width accompanying drawing each to description of the invention expression below and figure is briefly described:
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the overall structure schematic diagram of rear floor structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the mounting bracket of rear floor structure of the present invention.
Labelling in above-mentioned figure is:
1, rear floor, 2, mounting bracket, 3, rear ground prelaminar part liquid-leaking nozzle, 4, protrude reinforcement, 5, forward land, 6, anterior
Liquid-leaking nozzle, 7, aft land, 8, chamfering, 9, spill reinforcement, 10, bar shaped reinforcement, 11, installation base, 12, solder joint, 13, convex
Shape reinforcement, 14, depression reinforcement, 15, spare tyre pond, 16, buffering step.
Detailed description of the invention
Below against accompanying drawing, by the description to optimum embodiment, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is made the most in detail
Thin explanation.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this kind of rear floor structure, the front portion on rear floor 1 is provided with buffering step 16, behind rear floor 1
Portion is provided with spare tyre pond 15；Buffering step 16 is provided with rear ground prelaminar part reinforcement structure, is provided with and installs spare tyre in the middle part of spare tyre pond 15
Mounting bracket 2；The front portion in spare tyre pond 15, rear portion and sidepiece are equipped with reinforcement structure.
Owing to the spare tyre pond 15 on rear floor 1 is deep draw, Sheet Metal Forming Technology difficulty is relatively big, and the material thickness on rear floor 1 subtracts herein
Thin seriously.Consider modal stiffness performance at punch forming process and rear floor 1, one buffering is set in front portion, rear floor 1
Step 16, buffering step 16 is provided with rear ground prelaminar part reinforcement structure；And arrange big in the spare tyre pond 15 at the rear portion on rear floor 1
The reinforcement structure of amount, ensures the modal stiffness performance of structure herein with this, it is ensured that structural strength performance herein, reduces panel beating
The risk of fatigue cracking.
Rear floor 1 forward edge and the welding of rear floor crossmember.After the present invention, floor 1 entirety is dustpan shaped, and rear floor 1 is anterior
Edge welds with rear floor crossmember, it is ensured that the connection reliability on rear floor 1.
Rear ground prelaminar part reinforcement structure is the protrusion reinforcement 4 being located on buffering step 16.Buffering step 16 is depression platform
Rank, protrude reinforcement 4 and are located on the step surface of buffering step 16.The step surface of the buffering step 16 of front portion, rear floor 1 sets
Put two bigger rear ground prelaminar part liquid-leaking nozzles 3, it is ensured that during vehicle body overturns in tiselius apparatus, electrophoresis liquid can flow in time
Go out.It is simultaneously located at the protrusion reinforcement 4 on anterior buffering step 16, according to structure needs, is set to two, buffers step 16
And the combination protruding reinforcement 4 structure of buffering step 16, preferably ensure that the modal stiffness performance of front portion, rear floor 1.
The rear portion lateral symmetry on rear floor 1 is arranged.The both sides, rear portion on rear floor 1 are pacified with the spare tyre on spare tire installment support 2
Decorate and be symmetrical arranged for the symmetrical centre left and right sides.The left and right sides, the rear portion structure on rear floor 1 is full symmetric, it is ensured that rear floor
The modal stiffness performance at the rear portion of 1, it is ensured that structural strength performance herein, reduces the risk of panel beating fatigue cracking.
The anterior reinforcement structure in spare tyre pond 15 is to be located at the forward land 5 of front portion, spare tyre pond 15；Forward land 5 edge sets
There is anterior liquid-leaking nozzle 6；Anterior liquid-leaking nozzle 6 edge is provided with groove.In the spare tyre pond 15 at rear portion, rear floor 1, tie according to topography optimization
Really, before spare tyre pond 15, half region is provided with three bigger forward land 5, and three forward land 5 are evenly distributed on spare tyre
Pond 15 is anterior；Being provided with anterior liquid-leaking nozzle 6 near three forward land 5, anterior liquid-leaking nozzle 6 edge plane is the most downward simultaneously
Recessed.The anterior boss arranged in spare tyre pond 15, is greatly improved the modal stiffness performance in spare tyre pond 15, not only increases rear floor 1
Overall modal stiffness performance, but also avoid because excessive slab construction occurs in rear floor 1, and the low-frequency vibration caused.
The reinforcement structure at the rear portion in spare tyre pond 15 includes the aft land 7 being symmetricly set in rear portion, spare tyre pond 15；Rear portion is convex
Platform 7 edge is provided with rear portion liquid-leaking nozzle；Liquid-leaking nozzle edge, rear portion is provided with groove, rear portion liquid-leaking nozzle edge groove and aft land 7 phase
Connect position and be provided with chamfering 8.Two aft land 7 that rear portion, spare tyre pond 15 is arranged are symmetrical arranged with mounting bracket 2 for symmetrical centre,
The recess edge of the rear portion liquid-leaking nozzle in the middle of two aft land 7 is provided with bigger chamfering 8.After rear portion, spare tyre pond 15 is arranged
Portion's boss 7 and chamfering 8, be greatly improved the modal stiffness performance in spare tyre pond 15, and the mode not only increasing rear floor 1 entirety is firm
Degree performance, but also avoid because excessive slab construction occurs in rear floor 1, and the low-frequency vibration caused.
The reinforcement structure of the sidepiece in spare tyre pond 15 is the matrix reinforcement 9 be located at and run through sidewall on the sidewall of spare tyre pond 15.?
Both sides, spare tyre pond 15 are respectively provided with the matrix reinforcement 9 of two matrixs running through spare tyre pond 15 sidewall, it is ensured that side, spare tyre pond 15
The rigidity property in face.
As it is shown on figure 3, mounting bracket 2 includes installation base 11；Installation base 11 top is provided with spare tyre installing hole；Install convex
Bottom platform 11 bottom and spare tyre pond 15, set two convex reinforcements 13 weld, bottom spare tyre pond 15 two convex reinforcements 13 it
Between be provided with depression reinforcement 14.The mounting bracket 2 of spare tyre it is provided with in the middle of the spare tyre pond 15 on rear floor 1.Mounting bracket 2 is arranged
There is installation base 11, installation base 11 has spare tyre installing hole.Mounting bracket 2 is connected with using solder joint 12 bottom spare tyre pond 15,
Mounting bracket 22 bottom welding edge with at mount point bottom spare tyre pond 15 set by the laminating of two convex reinforcements 13 weld,
Being provided with, in the middle of two convex reinforcements 13 protruded, the depression reinforcement 14 fallen in, convex reinforcement 13 caves in simultaneously
The overall structure of reinforcement 14, it is ensured that the stiffness and strength performance at spare tyre mount point.
Rear floor 1 is provided with bar shaped reinforcement 10 with floor side member lap position.The present invention overlaps position on rear floor 1 with floor side member
The adnexa put is provided with bar shaped reinforcement 10, it is ensured that rear floor 1 and the rigidity of structure of floor side member overlapping part, it is ensured that rear floor
1 overlaps with the effective of vehicle body.
It is provided with some liquid-leaking nozzles after the present invention on floor 1, improves antiseptic power and the loss of weight target in spare tyre pond 15.Application
During electrophoresis, electrophoresis liquid, along the reinforcement of setting on spare tyre pond 15, is flowed out by liquid-leaking nozzle, it is to avoid hydrops phenomenon smoothly.
The variation in moulding on rear floor 1 is relatively big, and in reality, mode rigidity property promotes difficulty very greatly, relies solely on design experiences
It is difficult to local strength and the Integral modes rigidity property of effective lift structure.The present invention is floor 1 spare tyre mount point, leakage after guarantee
On the premise of the feature invariants such as fluid apertures, to overall construction design, according to modal stiffness performance requirement, to rear floor 1 base structure
Use topography optimization technological means, rear floor 1 structure entirety has been carried out modal stiffness optimization and has analyzed so that overall structure performance
Reach a brand-new level, thus it is more preferable to have obtained modal stiffness performance, the structure design that material distribution is more scientific and reasonable
Scheme.
According to topography optimization result, the probability realized in conjunction with reality production and processing technology, optimum results is carried out rationally
Utilization, the rear floor structure ultimately formed, have the advantage that
One, rear floor structure global design of the present invention is the most scientific and reasonable, easily manufactured, and Sheet Metal Forming Technology is good, significantly drops
Low production cost.
Two, the present invention is based on light-weight design thinking, and structure integral layout is scientific and reasonable, effectively reduces material distribution, has
Effect reduces the manufacturing cost on rear floor 1, thus alleviates tare, improves car load fuel economy.
Three, the present invention uses topography optimization means, and ingenious arrangement strengthens feature, improves the modal stiffness that structure is overall
Performance, it is to avoid covibration occurs in the spare tyre pond 15 on rear floor 1, improves car load NVH performance.
Four, the present invention is by constantly optimizing, and rear floor 1 architectural feature has been carried out continuous improvement, ground after reducing
The stress of plate 1 local and the junction such as spare tyre pond 15 and spare tire installment support 2 is concentrated, thus it is tired to greatly reduce spare tyre pond 15
The risk of labor cracking.
Obviously the present invention implements and is not subject to the restrictions described above, as long as have employed method design and the skill of the present invention
The improvement of the various unsubstantialities that art scheme is carried out, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a rear floor structure of automobile, it is characterised in that: the front portion on described rear floor is provided with buffering step, described rear floor
Rear portion is provided with spare tyre pond；Described buffering step is provided with rear ground prelaminar part reinforcement structure, is provided with installation standby in the middle part of described spare tyre pond
The mounting bracket of tire；Front portion, rear portion and the sidepiece in described spare tyre pond are equipped with reinforcement structure.
2. rear floor structure of automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: after described, ground prelaminar part reinforcement structure is for being located at
Protrusion reinforcement on described buffering step.
3. rear floor structure of automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the rear portion lateral symmetry on described rear floor sets
Put.
4. rear floor structure of automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the anterior reinforcement structure in described spare tyre pond is
It is located at the forward land that described spare tyre pond is anterior；Described forward land edge is provided with anterior liquid-leaking nozzle；Described anterior liquid-leaking nozzle limit
Edge is provided with groove.
5. rear floor structure of automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the reinforcement structure bag at the rear portion in described spare tyre pond
Include the aft land being symmetricly set in rear portion, described spare tyre pond；Described aft land edge is provided with rear portion liquid-leaking nozzle；Described rear portion
Liquid-leaking nozzle edge is provided with groove, and described rear portion liquid-leaking nozzle edge groove and aft land connecting position are provided with chamfering.
6. rear floor structure of automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the reinforcement structure of the sidepiece in described spare tyre pond is
It is located at the matrix reinforcement running through described spare tyre pond sidewall on the sidewall of described spare tyre pond.
7. the rear floor structure of automobile as described in any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that: described mounting bracket includes installing
Boss；Described installation base top is provided with spare tyre installing hole；Set two convexs bottom described installation base bottom and spare tyre pond
Reinforcement welds, and is provided with depression reinforcement bottom described spare tyre pond between two convex reinforcements.
8. the rear floor structure of automobile as described in any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that: described rear floor is taken with floor side member
Connect position and be provided with bar shaped reinforcement.
9. the rear floor structure of automobile as described in any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that: described rear floor forward edge and
Rear floor crossmember welds.
10. rear floor structure of automobile as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: described forward land is standby for being evenly distributed on
Three of front portion, tire pond.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610417674.0A CN106043459A (en) | 2016-06-13 | 2016-06-13 | Car rear floor structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610417674.0A CN106043459A (en) | 2016-06-13 | 2016-06-13 | Car rear floor structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106043459A true CN106043459A (en) | 2016-10-26 |
Family
ID=57167539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610417674.0A Pending CN106043459A (en) | 2016-06-13 | 2016-06-13 | Car rear floor structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106043459A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201169300Y (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2008-12-24 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Automobile easy-to-rinse rear floor |
| CN202944452U (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-05-22 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Car rear floor |
| CN203581158U (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-05-07 | 北京汽车股份有限公司 | Spare tire mounting bracket |
| CN204197066U (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-11 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of automobile rear floor |
| CN204383617U (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-06-10 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of saloon car rear floor spare wheel pool structure |
| CN204998653U (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-27 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Car spare tyre groove |
-
2016
- 2016-06-13 CN CN201610417674.0A patent/CN106043459A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201169300Y (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2008-12-24 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Automobile easy-to-rinse rear floor |
| CN202944452U (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-05-22 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Car rear floor |
| CN203581158U (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-05-07 | 北京汽车股份有限公司 | Spare tire mounting bracket |
| CN204197066U (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-11 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of automobile rear floor |
| CN204383617U (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-06-10 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of saloon car rear floor spare wheel pool structure |
| CN204998653U (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-27 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Car spare tyre groove |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20161026 |