CN106035244B - The enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera in a kind of freshwater lake - Google Patents
The enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera in a kind of freshwater lake Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera in freshwater lake, steps：A, lake surface builds back cover enclosure：It is made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) woven cloth and encloses curtain, four, periphery angle is fixed on steel pipe skeleton；B, bait throwing in enclosure：The natural bait of cladocera is microalgae filtrate of the eutrophic lake cyanobacterial bloom lake water after screen filtration, and cladocera of the lake water containing cyanobacterial bloom Jing Guo screen filtration culture is for phytoplankton control blue alga biomass of ingesting；C, cladocera is inoculated in enclosure：The Cladocera from Freshwaters for screening pilot scale culture acquires the cladocera bred in eutrophic water body with zooplankter net；D, cladocera harvests in enclosure：In cladocera reproductive process, salvaging harvesting is carried out using the string bag.Easy to implement the method, easy to operate, aquaculture cost is low, and water body utilization rate is high, and culture scale is big, conducive to realizing industrialized production and providing sufficient zooplankter germ plasm resource for the restoration of the ecosystem of eutrophic lake.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to culture fishery and water environment restoration of the ecosystem field, it is more particularly to branch angle in a kind of freshwater lake
The enclosure scale breeding method in situ of class, is particularly suitable for the large-scale culture of large-scale cladocera (such as Daphnia), can apply
It is dynamic that swimming for abundance is provided in the high-quality natural bait large-scale production of freshwater aquaculture industry and eutrophic lake restoration of the ecosystem field
Object germ plasm resource.
Background technology
Cladocera (Cladocera) is commonly called as Magna or red worm, belongs to Arthropoda (Arthropoda), Crustachia
(Crustacea), Branchiopoda (Phyllopoda), double Leptostracas (Diplostraca), branch angle suborder (Cadoera), are water bodys
The important monoid of zooplankter.It plays an important role in terms of aquatic ecosystem structure, function and biological productivity.Cladocera
Not only there is higher protein content (40%-60% for accounting for dry weight), containing important amino acid necessary to fish nutrition, and
And it is the optimal living baits such as the raising fish shrimp crab young containing vitamin and calcareous also rather abundant.Still further aspect, water body
Eutrophication is on the rise, and it is one of hot spot of ecological study to control body eutrophication and breaking out for algal bloom.
It is the theoretical foundation that bio operon controls algal bloom using feeding of zooplankton phytoplankton.Zooplankter is bio operon
One of key factor, and macrozooplankton is then factor most important, that most probable forces down phytoplankton quantity, it is medium-and-large-sized
Cladocera, which is that algae is most effective, herds trencherman.However, the life cycle of primary producer (phytoplankton) is short, breeding is fast, it is primary
Product is not if rapidly by secondary production person (zooplankter) using that will form accumulation, generated so-called wawter bloom；And cladocera is lake
The important monoid for mooring zooplankter, can play important regulating and controlling effect in aquatic ecosystem.Existing numerous studies show large size
Cladocera (such as Daphnia) has higher filter food rate to phytoplankton, can control in eutrophication water to a certain extent
Algal bloom.In addition, cladocera is in close relations with Water quality, wherein many types are more sensitive to environmental change, some kinds
Class itself can accumulate and be metabolized a certain amount of pollutant, play the effect of " water purifier " to a certain extent.Therefore, branch
Angle class carries out it pilot scale culture to freshwater aquaculture industry and lake as a kind of high-quality natural bait and its important ecological functions
Great meaning is all had in terms of pool restoration of the ecosystem.
Past mainly uses the extensive style cultures such as pond fertilising to the utilization of cladocera, or manually fishes for natural resources,
Largely the natural conditions such as climate, water temperature limit.With fish shrimp crab aquaculture be surging forward and Seedling production not
Disconnected development, accordingly increases the demand of cladocera.It can be directly affected by the control to cladocera kind, quantity etc. simultaneously
Its ingest (downlink effect) to cyanobacteria achievees the purpose that control phytoplankton.Therefore, artificial culture extensive in recent years is large-scale
Cladocera is by most attention.Since existing artificial culture mode is there is also occupancy coverage of water is big, efficiency is low, cost
A series of problems, such as height, bait is unholiness, therefore there are certain difficulties for current pilot scale culture.About the bait of cladocera,
Past numerous studies are limited only to unicellular alga, Banta mucks culture solution (ox, horse argol and straw leachate), yeast etc..
It is restricted by feed source, is not there is big breakthrough in culture scale and yield.If therefore will can largely be deposited in Eutrophication Lake Water
The natural bait as cladocera culture such as cyanobacteria, submerged plant residue clast, exploitation is in situ based on eutrophication water
The method of pilot scale culture cladocera can reduce the bait supply of production cost and cladocera.Further to promote
The large-scale culture technology of cladocera provides new thinking.
Invention content
It is the original for being the provision of cladocera in a kind of freshwater lake the purpose of the present invention is overcoming the deficiencies of existing technologies
Position enclosure scale breeding method, it is easy to implement the method, it is easy to operate, cladocera is raised using the natural lake water of eutrophic lake, is supported
Bait throwing in is carried out according to the growing state of cladocera during growing.Aquaculture cost is low, and water body utilization rate is high, and culture scale is big, has pipe
Reason is easy, fishing is convenient, is not necessarily to a large amount of bait throwing in, is conducive to realize industrialized production and the restoration of the ecosystem for eutrophic lake
Provide sufficient zooplankter germ plasm resource.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
The enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera, step are in a kind of freshwater lake：
A, lake surface builds back cover enclosure：The enclosure in situ cultivated for cladocera in lake water is the waterproof cloth (market customized
On purchase) enclosure (those skilled in the art can prepare), made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) woven cloth and enclose curtain, inside there is one layer
Fluid-tight vinyon cloth, four, periphery angle are fixed on steel pipe skeleton, do not have water coke slurry (back cover outside with enclosure in enclosure
Waterproof cloth enclosure system).
The size of the waterproof cloth enclosure of the customization is 1.0m × 1.0m × 1.0m (long × wide × deep) or equivalent volume
1m3 or more size specifications.
B, bait throwing in enclosure：The natural bait of cladocera is that eutrophic lake cyanobacterial bloom lake water passes through sieve (aperture
Less than 100 μm) filtered microalgae filtrate (Chlorophyll-a Content is more than 100 μ g/L) or lake water directly adds appropriate submerged plant
Rot (rot volume ratio is more than 0.5%) etc. is rich in the water body of organic matter.As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, contain cyanobacteria
The cladocera of screen filtration culture of the wawter bloom lake water by aperture less than 100 μm is particularly suited for the phytoplankton control cyanobacteria that ingests
Biomass.The microalgae refers to living in eutrophication water, the group algae of single-cell algae or diameter no more than 60 microns,
Include the algae of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta and Cyanophyta.
C, cladocera is inoculated in enclosure：Screening is suitable for the 3-6 kinds Cladocera from Freshwaters of pilot scale culture, and (common is main
There are Daphnia magna, flea shape flea, grand line flea etc.).1000/the m of inoculum density of cladocera3Or more.The flea kind of artificial culture is come
Source is very extensive, and zooplankter netizen's work can be used to salvage and acquire prolific cladocera in some eutrophic water bodies；In addition,
In the case of without cladocera mass propagation, the bed mud that former years cladocera mass propagation can be taken to cross, resting egg, that is, winter egg therein
Through after a period of time after the duration of diapause of (3-7 days), giving Reproduction Conditions appropriate indoors, (20-25 DEG C or so of temperature, illumination are not
Less than 1000Lux) it also can get flea kind.Common Daphnia magna in Magna categories, flea shape Magna, carina Magna, lunge Magna etc. and Moina
A few species (such as straight volume Moina, thorniness Moina) in category are adapted to manually cultivate (see document：Open macro fresh water branch in land
Culture technique [J] aquacultures of angle class, 1992,1:2–4.).
D, cladocera harvests in enclosure：During cladocera natural propagation, when the density of cladocera is more than 200/liter
When above, adult cladocera is harvested, specific picking methods are using the string bags more than 30 mesh salvage adopting
It receives.
Cladocera Daphnia magna common in mainly belonging to including Magna, flea shape Magna, carina Magna etc..
The enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera in the freshwater lake is not necessarily to control temperature in the breeding process
The environmental conditions such as degree, illumination；Back cover enclosure upper end is flexible floating body, and (enclosure flexibility floating body design can be lifted with water-level fluctuation
Figure such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
The bait of the cladocera is that eutrophic lake lake water containing cyanobacterial bloom or lake water add submerged plant and rots
The natural baits such as object；In addition the screen filtration of 100 mesh or more need to be used when water filling, the harmful organisms such as small fish is avoided to enter.
It is described that can periodically splash beneficial bacterium in cladocera breeding process, the beneficial bacterium be selected from photosynthetic bacteria or
Bacillus subtilis or saccharomycete or lactic acid bacteria one of which or two to four kinds of arbitrary (a variety of) mixing；The beneficial bacterium
Splash the period be 2-7 days；The beneficial bacterium weight splashed every time is 1-10mg/L.
It is described in cladocera breeding process, need the variation (such as transparency, dissolved oxygen) of periodic monitoring water quality, work as water
Body dissolved oxygen is harvested and is injected new water or addition bait, specifically in time less than 2mg/L or when transparency is more than 60cm
Picking methods are to carry out salvaging harvesting using the string bags more than 30 mesh.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the advantages that following have and effect：
The present invention relates to a kind of enclosure scale breeding methods in situ of cladocera in freshwater lake.The technology mainly utilizes
The natural lake water of eutrophic lake raises cladocera, and bait throwing in is carried out according to the growing state of cladocera during cultivation.With existing skill
Art is compared, and is cultivated using the cladocera that the present invention is carried out, and has aquaculture cost is low, water body utilization rate is high, culture scale is big etc.
Advantage.In addition also have many advantages, such as that management is easy, fishing is convenient in cultural method provided by the invention, be not necessarily to a large amount of bait throwing in, profit
Sufficient zooplankter germ plasm resource is provided in the industrialized production of realization and for the restoration of the ecosystem of eutrophic lake.
1) influence that different bait grow the cladoceras such as Daphnia magna is fed, as a result, it has been found that feeding cyanobacterial bloom filtrate or heavy
Water plant decay liquid can get cladoceras, the cladocera density such as the Daphnia magna of higher density and can reach within 2-3 weeks in cultivation cycle
200~1000/L, and most of individual is larger (most of body length reaches 4mm or more), color is largely red, and activity is good
(growth characteristics that different bait feed Daphnia magna see the table below).
2) Daphnia magna larger by picking individual, activity is good carries out control algae experiment, as a result, it has been found that Daphnia magna density and algae
There are apparent concentration effect for density (see Fig. 5)：Daphnia magna density is bigger, and algae biomass decline is faster, when Daphnia magna density is big
When 40/L, the reproduction speed compared with low-density algae in eutrophication water is can control, in addition chlorophyll-a concentration is less than 75 μ g/L
When, 50 μ g/L or less can be down in one week.Show that algae density is higher, algae growth potential is bigger, needs highdensity large size
Magna could be controlled；On the contrary, algae density is lower, the speed of growth of algae is just can control compared with low-density Daphnia magna.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of dimensional structure diagram of cladocera culture back cover enclosure.
Fig. 2 is a kind of back cover enclosure foam floating body full-page proof schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a kind of 12m × 12m × 1.5m (long × wide × deep) enclosure photo.
Fig. 4 is a kind of 3m × 3m × 1.5m (long × wide × deep) enclosure photo.
Fig. 5 is a kind of different densities Daphnia magna to Microcystis aeruginosa biomass control effect diagram.
Wherein a, b, c are respectively different densities large size under the conditions of chlorophyll a initial content 50 μ g/L, 75 μ g/L, 100 μ g/L
The control algae effect of Magna：Daphnia magna density is bigger, and algae biomass decline is faster, when Daphnia magna density is more than 40/L, can control
In eutrophication water 50 can be down to when being less than 75 μ g/L such as chlorophyll-a concentration in one week compared with the reproduction speed of low-density algae
μ g/L or less.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.This specific embodiment is only the solution to the present invention
It releases, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art can be as needed to this reality after reading this specification
It applies example and makes the modification of not creative contribution, but as long as all being protected by Patent Law in scope of the presently claimed invention
Shield.
Embodiment 1：
The enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera, specifically comprises the following steps in a kind of freshwater lake：
1) screening of Daphnia magna：
Screening health, great-hearted Daphnia magna (body length is more than 2-6mm), the source of Daphnia magna is mainly artificial culture (room
Chlorella or scenedesmus are periodically fed under the conditions of temperature), introduces a collection is Daphnia magna of the Caohai of Dianchi Lake bed mud through hatching natural propagation.
2) back cover enclosure is built：
Back cover enclosure makes of high density polyethylene (HDPE) woven cloth encloses curtain, inside there is one layer of fluid-tight vinyon cloth, periphery
Four angles are fixed on steel pipe skeleton, do not have water coke slurry outside with enclosure in enclosure.The size of enclosure is 12m × 12m × 1.5m (long
× wide × deep).The lake water of cyanobacterial bloom be will be enriched in by screen filtrations to the enclosure put up more than 200 mesh；Institute in Fig. 3
Cladocera (Daphnia magna) the cultivation enclosure (12m × 12m × 1.5m) shown, area 144m2, water about 200m3.
3) Daphnia magna is inoculated with：
Cladocera after screening is inoculated into the water body for being rich in microalgae, inoculum density is 1000/m3.
4) Daphnia magna cultivates：
In the breeding process, control cultivates the dissolved oxygen of breeding water body in enclosure in 2mg/L or more；It was cultivated in Daphnia magna
Cheng Zhong, needs beneficial bacterium of periodically splashing, the beneficial bacterium be photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus subtilis or saccharomycete or lactic acid bacteria its
It is middle a kind of or two to four kinds it is arbitrary it is (a variety of) mixing；The period of splashing of beneficial bacterium is 10 days；The beneficial bacterium weight splashed every time
For 10mg/L.
5) Daphnia magna harvests：
When the density of Daphnia magna is more than 200/liter or more, adult Daphnia magna is harvested, specific harvesting side
Formula is to carry out part harvesting using the string bags more than 30 mesh, remaining small-sized cladocera continues to cultivate.
Daphnia magna individual after harvest is big (most of body length reaches 4mm or more), density height (about 500~1000/liter),
Color is largely red, and activity is good.
Embodiment 2：
The enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera, specifically comprises the following steps in a kind of freshwater lake：
1) screening of Daphnia magna：
Screening health, great-hearted Daphnia magna (the long 2-6mm of body), the source of Daphnia magna is mainly artificial culture, and introduces a collection is
Daphnia magna of the Caohai of Dianchi Lake bed mud through hatching natural propagation；
2) back cover enclosure is built：
Back cover enclosure makes of high density polyethylene (HDPE) woven cloth encloses curtain, inside there is one layer of fluid-tight vinyon cloth, periphery
It is fixed on steel pipe skeleton, there is no water coke slurry outside with enclosure in enclosure.The size of enclosure be 3m × 3m × 1.5m (it is long × wide ×
It is deep).The lake water that one of enclosure will be enriched in cyanobacterial bloom passes through in the screen filtration to the enclosure put up of 200 mesh or more,
And natural lighting is given, cultivate microalgae；Another enclosure injects lake water and adds suitable submerged plant rot, and
Remove the harmful organisms such as fish；Cladocera (Daphnia magna) cultivation enclosure (3m × 3m × 1.5m) as shown in Figure 4, area is
9m2, water about 13.5m3.
3) Daphnia magna is inoculated with：
Cladocera after screening is inoculated into be rich in organic matter (Source Organic Matter is mainly submerged plant rot,
In a large amount of release nutritive salt to water body) water body in, inoculum density is 1000/m3。
4) Daphnia magna cultivates：
In the breeding process, control cultivates the dissolved oxygen of breeding water body in enclosure in 2mg/L or more；It was cultivated in Daphnia magna
Cheng Zhong, needs beneficial bacterium of periodically splashing, the beneficial bacterium be photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus subtilis or saccharomycete or lactic acid bacteria its
It is middle a kind of or two to four kinds it is arbitrary it is (a variety of) mixing；The period of splashing of beneficial bacterium is 10 days；The beneficial bacterium weight splashed every time
For 10mg/L；
5) Daphnia magna harvests：
When the density of Daphnia magna is more than 200/liter or more, adult Daphnia magna is harvested, specific harvesting side
Formula is to carry out part harvesting using the string bags more than 30 mesh, remaining small-sized cladocera continues to cultivate.
Daphnia magna individual after harvest is big (most of body length reaches 4mm or more), density height (about 500~1000/liter),
Color is largely red, and activity is good.
Pass through the above technical measures：Carry out following experiment and obtains technique effect below：
1) influence that different bait grow the cladoceras such as Daphnia magna is fed, as a result, it has been found that feeding cyanobacterial bloom filtrate or heavy
Water plant decay liquid can get cladoceras, the cladocera density such as the Daphnia magna of higher density and can reach within 2-3 weeks in cultivation cycle
200~1000/L, and most of individual is larger (most of body length reaches 4mm or more), color is largely red, and activity is good
(growth characteristics that different bait feed Daphnia magna see the table below).
2) Daphnia magna larger by picking individual, activity is good carries out control algae experiment, as a result, it has been found that Daphnia magna density and algae
There are apparent concentration effect for density (see Fig. 5)：Daphnia magna density is bigger, and algae biomass decline is faster, when Daphnia magna density is big
When 40/L, the reproduction speed compared with low-density algae in eutrophication water is can control, in addition chlorophyll-a concentration is less than 75 μ g/L
When, 50 μ g/L or less can be down in one week.Show that algae density is higher, algae growth potential is bigger, needs highdensity large size
Magna could be controlled；On the contrary, algae density is lower, the speed of growth of algae is just can control compared with low-density Daphnia magna.
Claims (1)
1. the enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera, step are in a kind of freshwater lake：
A, lake surface builds back cover enclosure：The enclosure in situ cultivated for cladocera in lake water is waterproof cloth enclosure, poly- with high density
Ethylene woven cloth, which is done, encloses curtain, inside has one layer of fluid-tight vinyon cloth, four, periphery angle to be fixed on steel pipe skeleton, enclosure
It is interior there is no water coke slurry outside with enclosure；
The waterproof cloth enclosure is the m × 1.0 of 1.0 m × 1.0 m long × 1 m of wide × depth or equivalent volume3The above specification；
B, bait throwing in enclosure：The natural bait of cladocera is that eutrophic lake cyanobacterial bloom lake water is micro- after screen filtration
Algae filtrate or lake water directly add submerged plant rot, and lake water containing cyanobacterial bloom is less than 100 μm of screen filtration by aperture
For the cladocera of culture for phytoplankton control blue alga biomass of ingesting, the microalgae refers to living in eutrophication water
In, single-cell algae or diameter are no more than 60 microns of group algae, have chloroplaset in cell, photosynthetic efficiency is far above common
Plant includes the algae of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta and Cyanophyta；
C, cladocera is inoculated in enclosure：Screening is suitable for the 3-6 kind Cladocera from Freshwaters of pilot scale culture, and the inoculation of cladocera is close
Spend 1000/m3, the Magna categories source of artificial culture is very extensive, is acquired with zooplankter net a large amount of numerous in some eutrophic water bodies
The cladocera grown；In addition, in the case of no cladocera mass propagation, the bed mud for taking former years cladocera mass propagation to cross,
In resting egg, that is, winter egg after 3-7 days duration of diapause, give Reproduction Conditions indoors, 20-25 DEG C of temperature, illumination are not less than
Common Daphnia magna in 1000 Lux, Magna category, flea shape Magna, carina Magna, lunge Magna types are adapted to manually cultivate；
D, cladocera harvests in enclosure：During cladocera natural propagation, the density of cladocera is more than 200/liter, for
Adult cladocera is harvested, and salvaging harvesting is carried out using the string bag of 30 mesh；
It is described in cladocera breeding process, beneficial bacterium of periodically splashing, the beneficial bacterium is selected from photosynthetic bacteria or withered grass bud
Spore bacillus or saccharomycete or lactic acid bacteria one of which or two to four kinds of arbitrary mixing；
The period of splashing of the beneficial bacterium is 2-7 days；The beneficial bacterium weight splashed every time is 1-10 mg/L；
It is described in cladocera breeding process, the variation of periodic monitoring water quality, Dissolved Oxygen in Water is less than 2 mg/L or transparency
More than 60 cm, new water or addition bait are harvested and injected.
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| CN111285468A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-16 | 深圳技师学院（深圳高级技工学校） | Biological control method for shallow lake eutrophication and cyanobacterial bloom |
| CN111134057B (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2022-03-22 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | Intensive cultivation method for high and stable yield of cladocerans |
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