CN106033125A - Suppression prestack large-angle gather interference based frequency increasing method - Google Patents
Suppression prestack large-angle gather interference based frequency increasing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a suppression prestack large-angle gather interference based frequency increasing method. The suppression prestack large-angle gather interference based frequency increasing method comprises the steps that 1, oriented to a prestack co-imaging point gather, the frequency change characteristic of increase with an incidence angle of data is analyzed; 2, a prestack co-imaging point gather interference tuning mechanism and angle-differentiated gather stacking characteristics are forward modeled; 3, periodical frequency notch conditions caused by interlayer interference of a stratum are derived; 4, forward modeling is conducted on false frequency notch characteristics exceeding a seismic data frequency band; 5, a false frequency preventing angle data matched factor equation is established based on homologies; 6, a matched factor is solved and acts on large-angle data to suppress an interference tuning effect; 7, based on the prestack co-imaging point gather undergoing stacking processing, frequency expanding and increasing of the seismic data are completed. The suppression prestack large-angle gather interference based frequency increasing method effectively expands a stacking and imaging data frequency band and increases dominant frequency, and the problems of false frequency and wavelet deformation possibly produced by frequency expanding and increasing conducted on stacking and imaging data in a traditional method are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration Seismic Data Processing Technique field, especially relate to a kind of compacting prestack big
What angular-trace gather was interfered carries frequency method.
Background technology
China's continental reservoir has the advantages that thickness is relatively thin, spatial variations is big, can cause seismic wave wherein
Propagate occur thin interbed interference effect.For improving the accuracy of identification of interbedded reservoir, of paramount importance solution is exactly
Widen seismic data frequency band, improve data dominant frequency.For the post-stack seismic data of imaging, the most conventional process means have Q to filter
Ripple, open up frequency, frequency dividing etc. widen frequency band and improve dominant frequency method.Kjartansson (1979) proposes inverse Q filtering for seismic wave
Propagate with increase when walking, high-frequency energy is washed one's hands decay and the problem of phase distortion, compensates amplitude and the phase place of seismic wave, from
And improving the dominant frequency of seismic data, king waits (2014), remained shock etc. (2009) such as (2008), a solid billows to propose the improvement of method.
Sun Xi equality (2010), Chen Shuangquan etc. (2015) application is opened up frequency method and is improved seismic resolution, and the method is by seismic signal
Wavelength compressional, thus reach widen the frequency band of seismic data and improve the effect of geological data dominant frequency.Yu Peng etc. (2006), Yang Gui
Auspicious grade (2006) application dividing method improves seismic resolution, and the method passes through spectral decomposition, extracts high-frequency information and realizes carrying
The effect of high seismic data frequency.These methods have all played certain effect for the accuracy of identification improving thin interbed, but
The fidelity aspect of data need to go into seriously.The post-stack seismic data of imaging is to be formed by stacking by common imaging gather, its quality
Directly determine the quality of post-stack seismic data.Common imaging gather is along with the increase of incident angle, and Seismic reflection character is gradually
Being changed to low frequency by high frequency, the thin interbed interference effect of wide-angle road collection is obvious, after this largely have impact on superposition all the more
The quality of seismic data.Wide-angle road collection interferes tunning effect to make attain the Way the wavelet deformation of collection stacking image data, frequency band change
Narrow, dominant frequency reduces, resolution is greatly reduced.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of after tuning interfered by compacting wide-angle road collection, then stacking image, stacking image
The wavelet feature of data and frequency band can keep low-angle road collection feature, so that stacking image data frequency band is effectively widened, master
What the compacting prestack wide-angle road collection that frequency improves was interfered carries frequency method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: what compacting prestack wide-angle road collection was interfered carries frequency side
Method, the frequency method that carries that this compacting prestack wide-angle road collection is interfered includes: step 1, towards prestack common imaging gather, analysis of data
The frequency increased with angle of incidence becomes feature；Step 2, is just drilling prestack common imaging gather and is interfering Tuning Mechanism and the collection superposition of subangle road
Feature；Step 3, the cycle that the interference between layers on derivation stratum causes sunken frequency condition；Step 4, forward simulation is beyond seismic data frequency
The vacation of band falls into frequency feature；Step 5, builds the angle-data matching attribute equation of anti-alias based on homology；Step 6, solves
Join the factor, act on the compacting of wide-angle data and interfere tuning effect；Step 7, the prestack common imaging gather after overlap-add procedure, complete
In pairs the opening up frequency, carry frequency of seismic data.
The purpose of the present invention realizes also by following technical measures:
In step 1, the lineups of prestack common imaging gather correspond to the reflective information of underground pip, along with entering
The continuous increase of firing angle degree, the lineups that corresponding pip at the bottom of top, stratum is corresponding are compressed in a narrower time window scope
In, thus cause tuning effect more and more obvious, when time thickness is less than quarter-wave, the top bottom interface on stratum is by nothing
Method is differentiated on prestack common imaging gather and is come.
In step 2, the time thickness on stratum reduces along with the increase of angle of incidence；When angle of incidence is less, prestack angle
Du Yu road collection can tell the top bottom interface of sand body clearly, along with being continuously increased of incident angle, corresponding at the bottom of sand body top
Earthquake reflected wave is gradually drawn close, and ultimately becomes a waveform, after the collection superposition of different angles road, and low-angle superposition of data resolution
The highest, the resolution of wide-angle superposition of data is minimum, and the resolution of full angle superposition of data is placed in the middle；Impact due to tuning effect
Cause wide-angle data spectrum to move to low frequency, and then cause the resolution between angle-data to there is significant difference, for
Same geologic body, when top, stratum base thickness degree is relatively small, on different angular-trace gathers, its top end reflectance signature can occur
More significant change；Wide-angle data and low-angle data are the reflection of same point from underground, by the homology of data,
Utilize low-angle data to recover the high-frequency information of wide-angle shortage of data, improve prestack common imaging gather and final superposition earthquake
The quality of data.
In step 3, designing a three layer model, every layer of velocity of longitudinal wave and density are respectively α1、ρ1, α2、ρ2And α3、ρ3,
Model intermediate course top time is τ-t, and time corresponding to bottom is τ+t, and the time thickness of interlayer is Δ t=2 τ；
When seismic wave f (x) vertical incidence, echo at the bottom of interlayer top interferes, formation echo total wave field s:
S=s1(t-τ)+s2(t+τ) (8)
Wherein s1For interlayer top reflected wave field, s2For bottom of intermediate layer reflected wave field；
Write as the convolution form of wavelet w and reflection coefficient sequence r:
S=w* [r (t-τ)+r (t+ τ)] (9)
Convert it to frequency domain, and ask for the power spectrum of total wave field:
S (ω)=W (ω) { r1 exp[-iω(t-τ)]+r2 exp[-iω(t+τ)]} (10)
S*(ω) S (ω)=| W (ω) |2{(r1+r2)2-4r1r2sin2(ωτ)} (11)
Wherein r1And r2Being respectively reflection coefficient at the bottom of interlayer top, ω is frequency；
Assume that at the bottom of interlayer top, reflection coefficient is: r1=-r2=-r, then total wave field is:
S*(ω) S (ω)=-4r2|W(ω)|2sin2(ωτ) (12)
When the relation of time thickness with angular frequency meets: Δ t=2n π/ω, n=1,2,3 ... time, there is null value in power spectrum
Point, respective frequencies is: f=n/ Δ t, n=1,2,3 ..., this zero point that the cycle occurs on amplitude spectrum is referred to as falling into frequency.
In step 4, stratum is the thinnest, falls into frequency respective frequencies the biggest, and the high-frequency information needed for estimation formation thickness is the most；
The sunken frequency that geological data itself has is effective information, retains the intrinsic sunken frequency information in data, keep away simultaneously in processing procedure
Exempt to introduce vacation and fall into frequency, in the range of original frequency band should be limited to, expand the frequency of data.
In steps of 5, the target letter of matching error between wide-angle geological data and low-angle geological data is first built
Number, then obtains a matching attribute by solving this object function, finally utilizes this matching attribute to compensate wide-angle data.
In steps of 5, the object function J of structure is:
J=min | | T (FSfar-Snear)||2+μR(F) (13)
Wherein, SfarFor wide-angle geological data, SnearFor low-angle geological data, F is matching attribute, and T is stability window letter
Number, μ is regular terms weights, and R (F) is canonical bound term.
In step 6, based on above-mentioned object function, choose zero phase amplitude spectrum wavelet as input data, make to be asked
Two norms of matching attribute are as canonical bound term, and object function derivation i.e. can get mutual equalization factor F:
F=[(TSfar)T(TSfar)+μI]-1[(TSfar)T(TSnear)] (14)
Wherein I is regularization eigenmatrix；
The calculated angle geological data mutual equalization factor is carried out zero-phrase processing, the factor finally given is made
Use wide-angle superposition of data, the geological data after being corrected.
What the compacting prestack wide-angle road collection in the present invention was interfered carries frequency method, according to prestack common imaging gather feature and
Data stacking image flow process, according to the data of same source, builds wide-angle data and low-angle Data Matching relation equation, solves
Join the factor and be applied to suppress the interference tuning effect of wide-angle data.After tuning interfered by compacting wide-angle road collection, then superposition
Imaging, the wavelet feature of stacking image data and frequency band can keep low-angle road collection feature.So that stacking image data frequency
Band is effectively widened, dominant frequency improves.The present invention suppresses the interference tunning effect of wide-angle data on prestack common imaging gather, folded
Front common imaging gather data investigation will not produce by the additive effect interfering tuning to produce of wide-angle data, it is to avoid tradition
Method causes wavelet deformation, frequency band to narrow, resolution reduces problem.Geological data had both had higher fidelity, it may have relatively
High resolution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the specific embodiment carrying frequency method of the compacting prestack wide-angle road collection interference of the present invention；
Fig. 2 be the present invention a specific embodiment in the schematic diagram of the other prestack common imaging gather of CB293 well；
Fig. 3 be the present invention a specific embodiment in time thickness with the schematic diagram of the change of angle of incidence；
Fig. 4 be the present invention a specific embodiment in synthesize earthquake angular-trace gather schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 be the present invention a specific embodiment in the schematic diagram of amplitude spectrum of low-angle and wide-angle data；
Fig. 6 be the present invention a specific embodiment in the schematic diagram of three layer model；
Fig. 7 be the present invention a specific embodiment in stratum time thickness interfere and the signal falling into frequency on stratum when being 25ms
Figure；
Fig. 8 be the present invention a specific embodiment in stratum time thickness interfere and the signal falling into frequency on stratum when being 50ms
Figure；
Fig. 9 be the present invention a specific embodiment in the schematic diagram of stratum Interference Model；
Figure 10 be the present invention a specific embodiment in stratum interfere vacation fall into frequency model schematic diagram；
Figure 11 be the present invention a specific embodiment in cross the field of razor clam north 84 well low-angle superposition of data schematic diagram；
Figure 12 be the present invention a specific embodiment in cross the schematic diagram of wide-angle superposition of data before field of razor clam Bei84Jing processes；
Figure 13 be the present invention a specific embodiment in cross the schematic diagram of wide-angle superposition of data after field of razor clam Bei84Jing processes；
Figure 14 be the present invention a specific embodiment in cross field of razor clam Bei84Jing process before and after wide-angle superposition of data amplitude spectrum
Schematic diagram；
Figure 15 be the present invention a specific embodiment in cross the schematic diagram of CB293 full road collection stacked section before matching treatment；
Figure 16 be the present invention a specific embodiment in cross the schematic diagram of CB293 full road collection stacked section after matching treatment.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention to become apparent, cited below particularly go out preferably to implement
Example, and coordinate shown in accompanying drawing, it is described in detail below.
As it is shown in figure 1, the flow chart carrying frequency method that the compacting prestack wide-angle road collection that Fig. 1 is the present invention is interfered.
Step 101: towards prestack common imaging gather, the frequency that analysis of data increases with angle of incidence becomes feature；
Earthquake pre-stack seismic common imaging gather is interfered by tuning to be affected, and causes stratum time thickness along with angle of incidence
Change and change, result from the frequency disappearance that angle of incidence is relevant, and then cause the distortion of amplitude, frequency, wave character.Prestack is altogether
The lineups of image gather correspond to the reflective information of underground pip, and along with the continuous increase of incident angle, stratum is pushed up
The lineups that the corresponding pip in the end is corresponding be compressed in one narrower time window in the range of, thus cause tuning effect increasingly
Substantially, when time thickness is less than quarter-wave, the top bottom interface on stratum will be unable to divide on prestack common imaging gather
Distinguish and come.Fig. 2 is CB293 well lie earthquake prestack common imaging gather, and at 2s, when angle of incidence is less, instantaneous frequency is relatively
Greatly, can separate at the bottom of top, stratum；And when angle of incidence is bigger, instantaneous frequency is less, top, stratum lineups corresponding to bottom interface by
Gradually drawing close, resolution is relatively low.The mechanism that prestack common imaging gather produces from the tuning effect in poststack section is different, and poststack cuts open
The tuning effect in face is owing to the actual (real) thickness on stratum causes stratum cannot divide on seismic profile less than quarter-wave
Distinguishing, prestack common imaging gather is then owing to along with the increase of incident angle, between stratum, thickness reduces, thus causes entering
Obvious tuning effect is produced when firing angle is bigger.
Step 102: just drilling prestack common imaging gather and interfering Tuning Mechanism and subangle road collection Superposition Characteristics；
For this phenomenon of relatively sharp description, study its formation mechenism, according to survey region interval of interest earthquake number
According to geophysical character, devise corresponding mathematics model (as shown in Figure 3), by forward simulation prestack road collection time thickness with
The variation characteristic of angle of incidence.
V in Fig. 3P、VS, Rho represent well velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density respectively, in the design parameter on each stratum such as figure
Shown in.Fig. 3 describes time thickness at the bottom of sand body top with the variation characteristic of angle of incidence, it can be seen that the time on stratum is thick
Degree reduces along with the increase of angle of incidence.By synthesis pre-stack seismic angle domain road collection (as shown in Figure 4) it can be seen that work as angle of incidence
Time less, prestack angle domain road collection can tell the top bottom interface of sand body clearly；And being continuously increased along with incident angle,
Earthquake reflected wave corresponding at the bottom of sand body top is gradually drawn close, and ultimately becomes a waveform.Therefore, after the collection superposition of different angles road,
Low-angle superposition of data resolution is the highest, and the resolution of wide-angle superposition of data is minimum, and the resolution of full angle superposition of data occupies
In.Fig. 5 is the low-angle partial stack data and wide-angle partial stack data spectrum assembled according to model prestack road, passes through
Spectral contrast is it can be seen that owing to the impact of tuning effect causes wide-angle data spectrum to move to low frequency, and then causes angle
There is significant difference in the resolution between data.Therefore, for same geologic body, when top, stratum, base thickness degree is relatively small
Time, on different angular-trace gathers, its top end reflectance signature can occur more significant change, and its main cause is wide-angle ground
In shake data, sand body top bottom interface echo interferes, and causes wide-angle data wave deformation " wide ", has dragged down earthquake after superposition
The resolution of data.
Wide-angle data and low-angle data are the reflection of same point from underground, if by the homology of data, profit
Recover the high-frequency information of wide-angle shortage of data by low-angle data, prestack common imaging gather and final superposition will be effectively improved
The quality of geological data.
Step 103: the cycle that the interference between layers on derivation stratum causes falls into frequency condition；
Utilize low-angle data recover wide-angle shortage of data high-frequency information, with other open up frequency, carry frequency method as,
Should be noted that the sunken frequency phenomenon of geological data, it is to avoid alias occurs.The sunken frequency phenomenon of seismic data can be divided into geology to cause
The artificial frequency that falls into that intrinsic sunken frequency and process introduce, spectral factorization estimation stratum time thickness make use of stratum to interfere just and provides in earthquake
The sunken frequency information produced in material.Fall into frequency phenomenon Producing reason for analyzing further, as shown in Figure 6, devise three layers of mould
Type, every layer of velocity of longitudinal wave and density are respectively α1、ρ1, α2、ρ2And α3、ρ3, model intermediate course top time is τ-t, and bottom is right
The time answered is τ+t, and the time thickness of interlayer is Δ t=2 τ.
When seismic wave f (x) vertical incidence, echo at the bottom of interlayer top interferes, the formation total wave field of echo:
S=s1(t-τ)+s2(t+τ) (15)
Write as the convolution form of wavelet w and reflection coefficient sequence r:
S=w* [r (t-τ)+r (t+ τ)] (16)
Convert it to frequency domain, and ask for the power spectrum of total wave field:
S (ω)=W (ω) { r1 exp[-iω(t-τ)]+r2 exp[-iω(t+τ)]} (17)
S*(ω) S (ω)=| W (ω) |2{(r1+r2)2-4r1r2sin2(ωτ)} (18)
Assume that at the bottom of interlayer top, reflection coefficient is: r1=-r2=-r, then total wave field is:
S*(ω) S (ω)=-4r2|W(ω)|2sin2(ωτ) (19)
When the relation of time thickness with angular frequency meets: Δ t=2n π/ω, n=1,2,3 ... time, there is null value in power spectrum
Point, respective frequencies is: f=n/ Δ t, n=1,2,3 ..., this zero point that the cycle occurs on amplitude spectrum is referred to as falling into frequency,
Its main cause is the interference effect of top, stratum bottom interface echo.
Step 104: forward simulation falls into frequency feature beyond the vacation of seismic data frequency band；
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 intuitively understands that stratum time thickness falls into the corresponding relation of frequency, Fig. 7 (a) with data amplitudes in composing
Being time domain seismic wave waveform with Fig. 8 (a), Fig. 7 (b) and Fig. 8 (b) is data amplitudes spectrum, it can be seen that when stratum time thickness
During for 25ms, amplitude spectrum falls into frequency 40Hz again place, when time thickness is 50ms, sunken frequency 20,40, at 60Hz.Stratum is more
Thin, fall into frequency respective frequencies the biggest, the high-frequency information needed for estimation formation thickness is the most.
By above-mentioned analysis, the sunken frequency information that geological data itself contains is that subsurface formations response causes, it is possible to
Estimate for formation thickness.But, the process widening seismic data frequency band likely introduces alias.Fig. 9 (a) illustrates single interface
Corresponding seismic wave waveform, (b) is the amplitude spectrum of these data.The dominant frequency of these data is 20Hz, high cut-off frequency to 60Hz.
Data in Fig. 9 (a) are opened up frequency process, for too pursuing high frequency, and frequency ranges of data is widened 100Hz, Fig. 9
B () is the data amplitudes spectrum after processing, frequency ranges of data is widened shown in 100Hz, corresponding data waveform such as Figure 10 (a), can be seen
In waveform, many two lineups, form the response of false interface, can cause the geologic interpretation of mistake.Geological data has itself
Falling into frequency is effective information, to retain the intrinsic sunken frequency information in data as far as possible, to avoid as far as possible drawing simultaneously in processing procedure
Enter false falling into frequently, in the range of original frequency band should be limited to, expand the frequency of data.
Step 105: build the angle-data matching attribute equation of anti-alias based on homology；
Wide-angle data are compensated by high-frequency informations based on homology low-angle data, need to set up between angular-trace gather
Matching relationship.Firstly the need of building the object function of matching error between wide-angle geological data and low-angle geological data,
Then obtain a matching attribute by solving this object function, finally utilize this matching attribute to compensate wide-angle data.This mistake
Journey is similar to inversion method, has inadaptability, seeks stability of solution to improve object function, needs to draw in object function
Enter regularization constraint item, set up following object function:
J=min | | T (FSfar-Snear)||2+μR(F) (20)
Wherein, SfarFor wide-angle geological data, SnearFor low-angle geological data, F is matching attribute, and T is stability window letter
Number, μ is regular terms weights, and R (F) is canonical bound term.
Step 106: solve matching attribute, acts on the compacting of wide-angle data and interferes tuning effect；
Based on above-mentioned object function, choose seismic channel set for input data, it is achieved two kinds of mating between data track with road,
But owing to seismic channel set data contain noise and fall into frequency information, the instability of match information can be caused.To this end, choose zero phase
Position amplitude spectrum wavelet is as input data, and seismic wavelet can either effectively reflect the frequecy characteristic of geological data, has again steady
Fixed waveform and frequency spectrum.Make two norms of matching attribute to be asked as canonical bound term, and to object function derivation
To the mutual equalization factor:
F=[(TSfar)T(TSfar)+μI]-1[(TSfar)T(TSnear)] (21)
In order to make the geological data phase place after process keep constant, to the calculated mutual equalization of angle geological data because of
Son carries out zero-phrase processing.The factor finally given is applied to wide-angle superposition of data, so that it may the earthquake number after being corrected
According to.In this course, the low-angle data for coupling are true geological datas, and matching attribute is by wide-angle data phase therewith
Close, do not have the situation beyond low-angle data spectrum frequency range, do not introduce false falling into frequently.
Step 107: the prestack common imaging gather after overlap-add procedure, completes seismic data to be opened up frequency, carries frequency.
To actual seismic pre stack data tentative calculation, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 were respectively the low-angle partial stack number of CB84 well
According to, wide-angle partial stack data before treatment and the wide-angle partial stack data after processing, as seen from the figure, before treatment
Wide-angle data resolution is relatively low, and the wide-angle data resolution after processing has obtained obvious improvement, with low-angle part
Superposition of data is suitable.Figure 14 was the amplitude spectrum of the wide-angle partial stack data before and after CB84 well processes, permissible by contrast
Find out that the wide-angle geological data high-frequency information after process has obtained effective recovery, preferably maintain original sunken frequency,
And it is not introduced into new sunken frequency.Figure 15, Figure 16 were that CB293 well processes forward and backward full road collection superposition of data, it can be seen that divide after process
Resolution significantly improves, suitable with the low-angle data on Figure 11 common imaging gather left side.
Achieve seismic data by above-mentioned flow process and maintain the waveform of pre-stack data low-angle road collection, amplitude characteristic, open up
Having opened up frequency band, improve dominant frequency, effect is obvious.The method is opened up frequency, is carried compared with frequency processing method with the most conventional poststack data,
Having waveform, hi-fi of amplitude, do not introduce false falling into frequently, information is relatively reliable.
Claims (8)
1. what compacting prestack wide-angle road collection was interfered carries frequency method, it is characterised in that this compacting prestack wide-angle road collection is interfered
Carry frequency method to include:
Step 1, towards prestack common imaging gather, the frequency that analysis of data increases with angle of incidence becomes feature；
Step 2, is just drilling prestack common imaging gather and is interfering Tuning Mechanism and subangle road collection Superposition Characteristics；
Step 3, the cycle that the interference between layers on derivation stratum causes sunken frequency condition；
Step 4, forward simulation falls into frequency feature beyond the vacation of seismic data frequency band；
Step 5, builds the angle-data matching attribute equation of anti-alias based on homology；
Step 6, solves matching attribute, acts on the compacting of wide-angle data and interferes tuning effect；
Step 7, the prestack common imaging gather after overlap-add procedure, complete seismic data to be opened up frequency, carries frequency.
What compacting prestack wide-angle road the most according to claim 1 collection was interfered carries frequency method, it is characterised in that in step 1
In, the lineups of prestack common imaging gather correspond to the reflective information of underground pip, along with the continuous increasing of incident angle
Greatly, the lineups that corresponding pip at the bottom of top, stratum is corresponding be compressed in one narrower time window in the range of, thus cause tuning
Effect is more and more obvious, and when time thickness is less than quarter-wave, the top bottom interface on stratum will be unable in prestack imaging altogether
Differentiate on some road collection and come.
What compacting prestack wide-angle road the most according to claim 1 collection was interfered carries frequency method, it is characterised in that in step 2
In, the time thickness on stratum reduces along with the increase of angle of incidence；When angle of incidence is less, prestack angle domain road collection can be clear
The top bottom interface telling sand body, along with being continuously increased of incident angle, earthquake reflected wave corresponding at the bottom of sand body top gradually leans on
Holding together, ultimately become a waveform, after the collection superposition of different angles road, low-angle superposition of data resolution is the highest, wide-angle superposition
The resolution of data is minimum, and the resolution of full angle superposition of data is placed in the middle；Owing to the impact of tuning effect causes wide-angle data
Frequency spectrum moves to low frequency, and then causes the resolution between angle-data to there is significant difference, for same geologic body, when
When top, stratum base thickness degree is relatively small, on different angular-trace gathers, its top end reflectance signature can occur more significant change；
Wide-angle data and low-angle data are the reflection of same point from underground, by the homology of data, utilizes low-angle data
Recover the high-frequency information of wide-angle shortage of data, improve prestack common imaging gather and the quality of final superposition geological data.
What compacting prestack wide-angle road the most according to claim 1 collection was interfered carries frequency method, it is characterised in that in step 3
In, designing a three layer model, every layer of velocity of longitudinal wave and density are respectively α1、ρ1, α2、ρ2And α3、ρ3, model intermediate course top
Time is τ-t, and time corresponding to bottom is τ+t, and the time thickness of interlayer is Δ t=2 τ；
When seismic wave f (x) vertical incidence, echo at the bottom of interlayer top interferes, formation echo total wave field s:
S=s1(t-τ)+s2(t+τ) (1)
Wherein s1For interlayer top reflected wave field, s2For bottom of intermediate layer reflected wave field；
Write as the convolution form of wavelet w and reflection coefficient sequence r:
S=w* [r (t-τ)+r (t+ τ)] (2)
Convert it to frequency domain, and ask for the power spectrum of total wave field:
S (ω)=W (ω) { r1exp[-iω(t-τ)]+r2exp[-iω(t+τ)]} (3)
S*(ω) S (ω)=| W (ω) |2{(r1+r2)2-4r1r2sin2(ωτ)} (4)
Wherein r1And r2Being respectively reflection coefficient at the bottom of interlayer top, ω is frequency；
Assume that at the bottom of interlayer top, reflection coefficient is: r1=-r2=-r, then total wave field is:
S*(ω) S (ω)=-4r2|W(ω)|2sin2(ωτ) (5)
When the relation of time thickness with angular frequency meets: Δ t=2n π/ω, n=1,2,3 ... time, there is zero point in power spectrum,
Respective frequencies is: f=n/ Δ t, n=1,2,3 ..., this zero point that the cycle occurs on amplitude spectrum is referred to as falling into frequency.
What compacting prestack wide-angle road the most according to claim 1 collection was interfered carries frequency method, it is characterised in that in step 4
In, stratum is the thinnest, falls into frequency respective frequencies the biggest, and the high-frequency information needed for estimation formation thickness is the most；Geological data itself has
The sunken frequency having is effective information, retains the intrinsic sunken frequency information in data in processing procedure, avoids introducing vacation simultaneously and falls into frequency, should
The frequency of data is expanded in the range of being limited to original frequency band.
What compacting prestack wide-angle road the most according to claim 1 collection was interfered carries frequency method, it is characterised in that in step 5
In, first build the object function of matching error between wide-angle geological data and low-angle geological data, then by solving
This object function obtains a matching attribute, finally utilizes this matching attribute to compensate wide-angle data.
What compacting prestack wide-angle road the most according to claim 6 collection was interfered carries frequency method, it is characterised in that in step 5
In, the object function J of structure is:
J=min | | T (FSfar-Snear)||2+μR(F) (6)
Wherein, SfarFor wide-angle geological data, SnearFor low-angle geological data, F is matching attribute, and T is stability window function, μ
Being regular terms weights, R (F) is canonical bound term.
What compacting prestack wide-angle road the most according to claim 7 collection was interfered carries frequency method, it is characterised in that in step 6
In, based on above-mentioned object function, choose zero phase amplitude spectrum wavelet as input data, make two norms of matching attribute to be asked
As canonical bound term, and object function derivation i.e. be can get mutual equalization factor F:
F=[(TSfar)T(TSfar)+μI]-1[(TSfar)T(TSnear)] (7)
Wherein I is regularization eigenmatrix；
The calculated angle geological data mutual equalization factor is carried out zero-phrase processing, the factor finally given is applied to
Wide-angle superposition of data, the geological data after being corrected.
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