CN106025280A - Preparation method for graphite and silicon composite anode material - Google Patents
Preparation method for graphite and silicon composite anode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106025280A CN106025280A CN201610569381.4A CN201610569381A CN106025280A CN 106025280 A CN106025280 A CN 106025280A CN 201610569381 A CN201610569381 A CN 201610569381A CN 106025280 A CN106025280 A CN 106025280A
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- silicon
- graphite
- expanded graphite
- silicon composite
- negative pole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method for a graphite and silicon composite anode material. The graphite and silicon composite anode material is obtained by taking expanded graphite as a raw material, adsorbing an organic dispersion liquid of nano silicon, then, performing heat treatment to obtain an expanded graphite silicon composite material, and flattening the expanded graphite silicon composite material. The graphite and silicon composite anode material has the characteristics of high effectiveness, long cycle life and high capacity; moreover, the method is simple in process; the raw materials are easily obtained; the used organic dispersion liquid can be recycled and is green and environment-friendly; industrial production is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of material technology, be specifically related to the preparation method of a kind of graphite silicon composite negative pole material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery have high voltage, high-energy, have extended cycle life, the many merits such as memory-less effect, in consumption
The fields such as electronics, electric tool, medical electronics, energy storage obtain a wide range of applications.In the structure of battery, negative pole
Material is one of key factor affecting its performance.The most conventional negative material mainly has graphite, carbon, lithium titanate.Graphite
With the negative material specific capacity of carbons typically 300~400mAh/g scope, lithium titanate specific capacity only has 170mAh/g and electricity
Flattening bench the highest (1.5V vs Li+/Li).This leverages the energy density of battery, thus have impact on the miniaturization of battery
And such as the application in the fields such as electric automobile.
Silicon has the features such as height ratio capacity (4200mAh/g), environmental friendliness, rich reserves as negative material, because being subject to
To extensive concern it is considered to be the negative material of lithium ion battery with high energy density of future generation.But silicon there is also some problems shadow
Ring its application.One be silicon storage lithium during reversible capacity be directly proportional to volumetric expansion, as reached 3590mAh/g when capacity
Corresponding volume expands up to 320%, thus affects processing and the design of battery.Meanwhile, change in volume silicon grain is also resulted in
Changing, active substance comes off from collector, thus has a strong impact on the cycle performance of battery.Its two, silicon is granule in cyclic process
Change do not also result in fresh silicon face and be exposed in electrolyte thus persistently produce solid electrolyte interface (SEI), thus not
The disconnected lithium source consuming inside battery and electrolyte, cause battery capacity continuous decrement, and internal resistance increases.Accordingly, it would be desirable to exploitation is new
Material and technology, reduce or avoid the volumetric expansion problem of silicon materials, and avoid the problem that SEI persistently produces.At present,
For this problem, utilizing material with carbon element is one of more effective method to prepare composite, is entered silicon materials by carbon
Row cladding, thus avoid contacting of silicon and electrolyte, simultaneously by being coated with the inside that can be fixed on material with carbon element, thus prevent
It comes off.But the preparation method being suitable at present producing also needs to research and probe.
Patent 201410227442.X proposes silico-carbo multi-component composite anode material and preparation method thereof, and its feature is for utilizing pyrolysis
Method preparation makes silicon monoxide be attached in the space of expanded graphite, is re-introduced into organic carbon source at silicon monoxide coated with carbon, after
The phase space by Colophonium filled composite materials repeatedly, finally gives the negative material of high-energy-density.The method technique is loaded down with trivial details,
Need high-temperature heating repeatedly, the highest needs 1000 DEG C, and during use strong acid and strong base and corrode, too increase preparation
Danger and operation easier.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention comes therefrom.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is for the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the preparation of a kind of graphite silicon composite
Method, it is possible to resolve the two large problems that silicon materials face, and preparation method is simple, can industrialized production.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of graphite silicon composite negative pole material, it is characterised in that
It includes following preparation process:
(1) organic dispersions of nano-silicon is prepared;
(2) putting in nano-silicon dispersion liquid by a certain amount of expanded graphite, expanded graphite is 1 with the mass ratio of nano-silicon:
0.005~0.099, make expanded graphite adsorb nano-silicon dispersion liquid, then saturated expanded graphite is taken out;
(3) by saturated expanded graphite 60 DEG C~600 DEG C of dried, preferably 60 DEG C~150 DEG C of dried, thus
To expanded graphite silicon composite;
(4) with twin rollers or flat pressing equipment, above-mentioned expanded graphite silicon composite is extruded, thus obtain graphite silicon
Composite negative pole material.
Preferably, the nano-silicon described in step (1) refers to particle diameter 5~100 nanometer, and the Organic substance of described organic dispersions is
Ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, acetone, hexamethylene, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, gasoline, diesel oil, the one in kerosene
Or several mixing.
Preferably, in described organic dispersions, the concentration of nano-silicon is 0.01wt%~1wt%.
Preferably, described expanded graphite is 100~500 mesh, and purity is 99.9%, and swelling degree is 100~400mL/g.Preferably
The addition of expanded graphite is 0.1wt%~1wt% of organic dispersions.
Preferably, described expanded graphite absorption nano-silicon dispersion liquid, by standing, shakes, rocks, stirring, ultrasonic grade side
One or more of formula, the saturated absorption of described expanded graphite refers to that expanded graphite reaches maximum liquid absorption, and described is saturated
The methods such as expanded graphite takes out and can filter by salvaging, centrifugal.
Preferably, described in step (3) is under normal pressure, negative pressure or vacuum by saturated expanded graphite dried, nitrogen,
It is dried under the conditions of air atmosphere.
Step (4) to expanded graphite silicon composite pressure thus realize expanded graphite and reverted to graphite-structure by fluff structure.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of graphite silicon composite negative pole material, it is characterised in that it is prepared by step
Obtain:
(1) organic dispersions of nano-silicon is prepared;
(2) putting in nano-silicon dispersion liquid by a certain amount of expanded graphite, expanded graphite is 1 with the mass ratio of nano-silicon:
0.005~0.099, make expanded graphite adsorb nano-silicon dispersion liquid, then saturated expanded graphite is taken out;
(3) by saturated expanded graphite 60 DEG C~600 DEG C of dried, thus expanded graphite silicon composite is obtained;
(4) with twin rollers or flat pressing equipment, above-mentioned expanded graphite silicon composite is extruded, thus obtain graphite silicon
Composite negative pole material.
Preferably, described nano-silicon refers to particle diameter 5~100 nanometer, and the Organic substance of described organic dispersions is ethanol, second two
Alcohol, glycerol, acetone, hexamethylene, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, gasoline, diesel oil, one or more mixing in kerosene.
Preferably, described expanded graphite is 100~500 mesh, and purity is 99.9%, and swelling degree is 100~400mL/g.
The present invention utilizes the oil suction feature of expanded graphite and steric effect thereof to adsorb the organic dispersions of silicon, thus ensures silicon
Grain is scattered in inside expanded graphite uniformly, is processed by dried pressure, so that expanded graphite is remained silent, by silicon grain
Inside cladding and graphite, it is to avoid with directly contacting of electrolyte, the multiple structure of graphite and the confined space also contribute to buffer silicon
Expansion in the circulating cycle and reduction silication, concurrently form good conductive network, thus improve negative pole between graphite and graphite
The gram volume of material, improves the cycle life of battery.And the method raw material is simple and easy to get, with low cost.Technique is simple,
In industry, common equipment can meet.Environmental protection, organic reagent used can be by collecting cycling and reutilization.It is the most permissible,
This invention has industrial prospect.
Detailed description of the invention:
For being further appreciated by the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, preferred version of the present invention is described, but should manage
Solving, these describe simply as further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention rather than limiting to the claimed invention.
Embodiment 1
(150 mesh, purity is 99.9%, and swelling degree is for the nano-silicon (D50:30nm) of weighing 1g and the expanded graphite of 20g
300mL/g), the nano-silicon of 1g is joined the fully dispersed organic dispersions obtaining nano-silicon in 500mL ethanol.Then will
The organic dispersions of expanded graphite addition nano-silicon makes the sufficient absorbent solution of expanded graphite by stirring.Subsequently, will be full
The expanded graphite of sum is salvaged out, and under vacuum 60 DEG C be dried, thus obtain expanded graphite silicon composite.Finally
Gained expanded graphite silicon composite passes through twin rollers roll-in, finally gives graphite silicon composite negative pole material.
Embodiment 2
(200 mesh, purity is 99.9%, and swelling degree is for the nano-silicon (D50:30nm) of weighing 0.5g and the expanded graphite of 20g
200mL/g), the nano-silicon of 0.5g is joined the fully dispersed organic dispersions obtaining nano-silicon in 500mL toluene.Then
Expanded graphite is added in the organic dispersions of nano-silicon and make the sufficient absorbent solution of expanded graphite by stirring.Subsequently, will
Saturated expanded graphite is salvaged out, and under vacuum 100 DEG C be dried, thus obtain expanded graphite silicon composite.?
Rear gained expanded graphite silicon composite passes through twin rollers roll-in, finally gives graphite silicon composite negative pole material.
Embodiment 3
(300 mesh, purity is 99.9%, and swelling degree is 150 for the nano-silicon (D50:30nm) of weighing 0.2g and the expanded graphite of 20g
ML/g), the nano-silicon of 0.2g is joined the fully dispersed organic dispersions obtaining nano-silicon in 500mL acetone.Then will
The organic dispersions of expanded graphite addition nano-silicon makes the sufficient absorbent solution of expanded graphite by stirring.Subsequently, will be full
The expanded graphite of sum is salvaged out, and under vacuum 150 DEG C be dried, thus obtain expanded graphite silicon composite.Finally
Gained expanded graphite silicon composite passes through twin rollers roll-in, finally gives graphite silicon composite negative pole material.
The electrochemical property test result of above-mentioned each prepared lithium ion battery is as shown in table 1:
The electrochemical property test table of table 1 lithium ion battery
Available capacity | Efficiency first | Capability retention after 100 circulations | |
Embodiment 1 | 547.6 | 94.2% | 98.5% |
Embodiment 2 | 493.6 | 94.8% | 98.8% |
Embodiment 3 | 465.6 | 95.2% | 98.9% |
The technical scheme of the preparation method CN201210387258 compared to existing technology of the graphite silicon composite negative pole material of the present invention,
Both silicon carbon ratios are different;Because silicon carbon ratio is different, the principle of mixing has the silicone content used in difference, and prior art
Greatly, utilizing mechanical mixture to be combined, in the present invention, silicone content is few, is that the absorbency utilizing expanded graphite is combined.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of or uses the present invention.To this
The multiple amendment of a little embodiments will be apparent from for those skilled in the art, as defined herein typically
Principle can realize without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will
Will not be intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and be to fit to and principles disclosed herein and novel feature phase one
The widest scope caused.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a graphite silicon composite negative pole material, it is characterised in that it includes following preparation process:
(1) organic dispersions of nano-silicon is prepared;
(2) putting in nano-silicon dispersion liquid by a certain amount of expanded graphite, expanded graphite is 1 with the mass ratio of nano-silicon:
0.005~0.099, make expanded graphite adsorb nano-silicon dispersion liquid, then saturated expanded graphite is taken out;
(3) by saturated expanded graphite 60 DEG C~600 DEG C of dried, thus expanded graphite silicon composite is obtained;
(4) with twin rollers or flat pressing equipment, above-mentioned expanded graphite silicon composite is extruded, thus obtain graphite silicon
Composite negative pole material.
The preparation method of graphite silicon composite negative pole material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
(1) nano-silicon particle diameter is 5~100 nanometers, and the Organic substance of described organic dispersions is ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, acetone,
Hexamethylene, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, gasoline, diesel oil, one or more mixing in kerosene.
The preparation method of graphite silicon composite negative pole material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described organic point
Dissipating the concentration of nano-silicon in liquid is 0.01wt%~1wt%.
The preparation method of graphite silicon composite negative pole material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described expansion stone
Ink is 100~500 mesh, and purity is 99.9%, and swelling degree is 100~400mL/g.
The preparation method of graphite silicon composite negative pole material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described expansion stone
Ink absorption nano-silicon dispersion liquid is by standing, and concussion is rocked, stirring, and one or more of ultrasonic power are adsorbed,
The saturated absorption of described expanded graphite refers to that expanded graphite reaches maximum liquid absorption, and described saturated expanded graphite takes out permissible
By salvaging, filter, centrifugal method.
The preparation method of graphite silicon composite negative pole material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) institute
Stating is under normal pressure, negative pressure or vacuum by saturated expanded graphite dried, does under the conditions of nitrogen, air atmosphere
Dry.
7. a graphite silicon composite negative pole material, it is characterised in that it is prepared by step and obtains:
(1) organic dispersions of nano-silicon is prepared;
(2) putting in nano-silicon dispersion liquid by a certain amount of expanded graphite, expanded graphite is 1 with the mass ratio of nano-silicon:
0.005~0.099, make expanded graphite adsorb nano-silicon dispersion liquid, then saturated expanded graphite is taken out;
(3) by saturated expanded graphite 60 DEG C~600 DEG C of dried, thus expanded graphite silicon composite is obtained;
(4) with twin rollers or flat pressing equipment, above-mentioned expanded graphite silicon composite is extruded, thus obtain graphite silicon
Composite negative pole material.
Graphite silicon composite negative pole material the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of described nano-silicon is
5~100 nanometers, the Organic substance of described organic dispersions is ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, acetone, hexamethylene, ethyl acetate,
Benzene, toluene, gasoline, diesel oil, one or more mixing in kerosene.
Graphite silicon composite negative pole material the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described expanded graphite is
100~500 mesh, purity is 99.9%, and swelling degree is 100~400mL/g.
10. an electrochemical cell, comprising:
(1) positive pole,
(2) electrolyte,
(3) negative pole, wherein negative pole is by described in the graphite silicon composite negative pole material described in claim 7 or claim 1
Graphite silicon composite negative pole material prepared by method is made,
(4) barrier film.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107611416A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2018-01-19 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of Si-C composite material, its preparation method and application |
CN111525114A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 四川聚创石墨烯科技有限公司 | Method for continuously preparing current collector-free silicon-carbon negative electrode paper |
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CN102340001A (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-02-01 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Method for preparing high-specific-capacity silicon carbon and tin carbon composite anode material |
CN102969509A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-03-13 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon carbon composite material |
KR20150098548A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-08-28 | 썬쩐 비티아르 뉴 에너지 머티어리얼스 아이엔씨이 | A graphene-based composite material preparation method, anode materials and lithium ion battery |
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2016
- 2016-07-19 CN CN201610569381.4A patent/CN106025280A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102340001A (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-02-01 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Method for preparing high-specific-capacity silicon carbon and tin carbon composite anode material |
CN102969509A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-03-13 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon carbon composite material |
KR20150098548A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-08-28 | 썬쩐 비티아르 뉴 에너지 머티어리얼스 아이엔씨이 | A graphene-based composite material preparation method, anode materials and lithium ion battery |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107611416A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2018-01-19 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of Si-C composite material, its preparation method and application |
CN111525114A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 四川聚创石墨烯科技有限公司 | Method for continuously preparing current collector-free silicon-carbon negative electrode paper |
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