CN106019181A - High-speed wide-range superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetic sensor and high-speed wide-range SQUID detection method - Google Patents
High-speed wide-range superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetic sensor and high-speed wide-range SQUID detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106019181A CN106019181A CN201610319580.XA CN201610319580A CN106019181A CN 106019181 A CN106019181 A CN 106019181A CN 201610319580 A CN201610319580 A CN 201610319580A CN 106019181 A CN106019181 A CN 106019181A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/035—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using superconductive devices
- G01R33/0354—SQUIDS
- G01R33/0358—SQUIDS coupling the flux to the SQUID
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-speed wide-range superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetic sensor and a high-speed wide-range SQUID detection method. The high-speed wide-range SQUID magnetic sensor comprises a magnetic flux locking circuit for generating loop output voltage, a voltage detection circuit for detecting the loop output voltage, a controllable bias voltage circuit for regulating the bias voltage according to the loop output voltage, and a counter circuit for counting flux quantum. The method comprises steps of: outputting the loop output voltage in proportion to tested magnetic flux on the basis of the magnetic flux locking circuit; according to the state bias voltage of the loop output voltage, enabling the magnetic flux locking circuit re-locks an operating point after returning to zero; counting the hop state of the bias voltage so as to count the flux quantum; finally synthesizing the loop output voltage and a count value to achieve wide-range detection. The high-speed wide-range SQUID magnetic sensor just changes a bias voltage value rather than the transmission characteristic of an original sensor. The bias voltage value is flexibly regulated according to the response characteristics of a loop. The speed that the circuit output returns to zero is the fastest. Zero-returning control is achieved by a state switching circuit so that erroneous counting is eliminated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Weak magentic-field detection field, particularly relate to the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of a kind of high speed wide range
And detection method.
Background technology
Use superconducting quantum interference device (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, hereinafter referred to as SQUID)
Sensor be the sensitiveest Magnetic Sensor being currently known.It is widely used in heart magnetic, brain magnetic, extremely low field nuclear magnetic resonance etc. atomic
In weak magnetic signal detection and scientific research.Owing to it uses microelectronic technique, multichannel, high-resolution, integrated high-end should
With system has irreplaceable effect.
SQUID device is the superconducting ring being made up of two Josephson junction parallel connections, is drawn at the two ends of knot and forms two ends
The passive device of son.After injecting certain bias current to SQUID, the magnetic flux that SQUID both end voltage will sense along with it
In mechanical periodicity, the cycle is just a flux quantum Φ0(Φ 0=2.07 × 10-15Weber), as shown in Figure 1.SQUID magnetic
Sensor is the linear transformation realizing field voltage based on flux locked loop road (Flux-Locked Loop is called for short FLL), as
Shown in Fig. 2.FLL circuit selects magnetic flux voltage in SQUID magnetic flux voltage transfer curve to change the point of maximum slope as work
Make a little, as Fig. 1 being labeled as w0, w1, w2 etc. for operating point, these operating point period profile, therefore between operating point between
Every a flux quantum Φ0。
The transfer curve of input magnetic flux and output voltage that above-mentioned FLL circuit works under different operating point as it is shown on figure 3,
Under each operating point, a corresponding transfer curve, just differs magnetic flux and the correspondence of a flux quantum between every curve
Voltage.FLL circuit under certain fixing operating point, owing to its output voltage limits (usually ± 10V), therefore can survey
The magnetic flux scope of amount is limited (such as dash area in Fig. 3).And the magnetic flux that SQUID reality can sense is much larger than this measurement model
Enclose.
For SQUID device performance, expand SQUID Magnetic Sensor performance, use operating point switching at present, coordinate magnetic flux
The method of sub-count realizes the measurement of wide range.That is, when, under certain operating point, measuring magnetic flux and be right up to N number of Φ0, wherein,
N is ± 1, ± 2 ... integer.By FLL circuit export zero setting, and restart locking, FLL circuit now will be switched to and
Difference N Φ before0Operating point on start from scratch locking output.By above-mentioned switching, the corresponding Φ that writing task point jumps0's
Variable quantity and the output normally locked at FLL circuit, can learn the size of current tested magnetic flux.
By said method, the magnetic-flux measurement expanded range of SQUID Magnetic Sensor is arrived the magnetic flux model that SQUID can sense
Enclosing, therefore measurement capability is greatly promoted.Achieve the SQUID Magnetic Sensor of wide range.
But, the wide range SQUID Magnetic Sensor using above-mentioned operating point changing method to realize exists following several in actual applications
Individual problem:
1, the handoff procedure relocked again after using the zero that resets, in zero and again locks the moment, there is punching and oscillatory occurences,
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the partial enlarged drawing in Fig. 5 is Fig. 4 dotted line frame.
Especially use in the circuit of integrator in flux locked loop FLL, when resetting, be by the electric charge in integrator electric capacity
Repid discharge is made zero, thus produces the biggest electric current, reset switch and computing discharger causes the biggest impact, easily causes electricity
Path loss is bad.If control discharge current, then extending discharge time, switch speed is the fastest.
2, working sensor point switch speed is fast not, and the reset curves of conventional reset circuit is index decreasing function, therefore resets
More arrive later time the longest, to such an extent as to the situation of counting loss or miscount occurs.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, it is an object of the invention to provide the superconductive quantum interference of a kind of high speed wide range
Device Magnetic Sensor and detection method, for solving existence after the magnetic-flux measurement scope of SQUID Magnetic Sensor in prior art increases
Cross the problems such as punching, vibration and miscount.
For achieving the above object and other relevant purposes, the present invention provides the superconducting quantum interference device magnetic of a kind of high speed wide range to sense
Device, the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of described high speed wide range at least includes:
Magnetic flux lock circuit, voltage detecting circuit, control bias potential circuit and counter circuit；
Tested magnetic flux is detected by described magnetic flux lock circuit, and exports the loop output voltage proportional to described tested magnetic flux；
Described magnetic flux lock circuit includes SQUID superconducting ring, the operational amplifier being connected to described SQUID superconducting ring outfan, depends on
The secondary feedback resistance being connected to described operational amplifier output terminal and feedback coil；
Described voltage detecting circuit is connected to the outfan of described magnetic flux lock circuit, carries out the numerical value of described loop output voltage
Detection；
Described control bias potential circuit is connected to described voltage detecting circuit, regulates bias voltage according to described loop output voltage,
Operating point is relocked after making described magnetic flux lock circuit zero；
Described counter circuit is connected to described control bias potential circuit, according to the transitional states of described control bias potential circuit
Carry out plus-minus counting, it is achieved the counting to flux quantum.
Preferably, described voltage detecting circuit respectively by described loop output voltage and the first reference voltage, the second reference voltage and
Compare with reference to no-voltage；Wherein, the first reference voltage is to input electricity corresponding when magnetic flux is the first quantity n flux quantum
Pressure, the second reference voltage is the negative of described first reference voltage, and described first quantity n is natural number.
It is highly preferred that described voltage detecting circuit includes four comparators, the normal phase input end of the first comparator connects described first
Reference voltage, inverting input connect described loop output voltage, and the normal phase input end of the second comparator connects the output of described loop
Voltage, reverse inter-input-ing ending grounding, the normal phase input end of the 3rd comparator connects described loop output voltage, inverting input connects
Described second reference voltage, the positive input end grounding of the 4th comparator, inverting input connect described loop output voltage.
It is highly preferred that described control bias potential circuit includes state trigger module and potential-divider network module；Wherein, described state
Trigger module connects the outfan of described voltage detecting circuit, jumps when described loop output voltage is more than described first reference voltage
Fading to the first duty, when described loop output voltage is less than described second reference voltage, saltus step is to the second duty, when
After described loop output voltage zero, saltus step is to the 3rd duty；Described potential-divider network module connects described state trigger module,
Controlled by described state trigger module, exported the first bias voltage when described first duty, at described second work shape
Export the second bias voltage during state, export the 3rd bias voltage, the value of described first bias voltage when described three duty
More than the maximum output voltage of described SQUID superconducting ring, the value of described second bias voltage is less than described SQUID superconducting ring
Minimum output voltage, described 3rd bias voltage is the bias voltage at described SQUID superconducting ring operating point.
It is highly preferred that described state trigger module includes the first trigger and the second trigger, the set end of described first trigger
Connecting the outfan of described first comparator, reset terminal connects the outfan of described second comparator；Putting of described second trigger
Position end connects the outfan of described 3rd comparator, and reset terminal connects the outfan of described 4th comparator.
It is highly preferred that first～four resistance that described potential-divider network module includes connecting described opamp input terminal, described first
The other end of resistance connects the first bias voltage by the first switch, and the other end of described second resistance connects the by second switch
Two bias voltages, the other end of described 3rd resistance connects the 3rd bias voltage, the other end ground connection of described 4th resistance.
For achieving the above object and other relevant purposes, the present invention also provides for the superconducting quantum interference device detection of a kind of high speed wide range
Method, the superconducting quantum interference device detection method of described high speed wide range at least includes:
Based on a magnetic flux lock circuit, tested magnetic flux is detected, and export the loop output electricity proportional to described tested magnetic flux
Pressure；
Described loop output voltage is detected, adjusts described magnetic flux lock circuit according to the state of described loop output voltage
Bias voltage, relocks operating point after making described magnetic flux lock circuit zero；
The transitional states of described bias voltage is counted, it is achieved the counting to flux quantum；
The detection of wide range is realized eventually through the described loop output voltage of synthesis and count value.
Preferably, by by described loop output voltage and the first reference voltage, the second reference voltage and comparing with reference to no-voltage
Relatively determining the output valve of described bias voltage, wherein, described first reference voltage is the first quantity n magnetic flux for input magnetic flux
Voltage corresponding during quantum, described second reference voltage is the negative of described first reference voltage, and described first quantity n is nature
Number.
It is highly preferred that when described loop output voltage more than described first reference voltage time, saltus step to the first duty, then institute
Stating the bias voltage maximum output voltage more than described SQUID superconducting ring, described loop output voltage is gradually reduced zero；Work as institute
When stating loop output voltage less than described second reference voltage, saltus step to the second duty, the most described bias voltage is less than described
The minimum output voltage of SQUID superconducting ring, described loop output voltage is gradually increasing zero；When described loop output voltage makes zero
After, saltus step to the 3rd duty, the most described bias voltage is the bias voltage at SQUID superconducting ring operating point.
It is highly preferred that carry out adding counting, when described loop exports when described loop output voltage is more than described first reference voltage
Carry out subtracting counting when voltage is less than described second reference voltage.
As it has been described above, the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention and detection method, have following useful
Effect:
1, superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor and the detection method of the high speed wide range of the present invention only changes bias voltage value, does not changes
Become the feedback parameter of original sensor circuit, the transmission characteristic of original sensor circuit will not be destroyed.
2, in the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention and detection method, bias voltage value can be according to loop
Response characteristic be adjusted flexibly, its zero process is linear function type, and return-to-zero-time is short, is regulated by parameter, can make
The speed obtaining circuit output zero reaches the fastest, and traditional reset circuit is deposited and limited by discharge and recharge time parameter, and its character refers to
Number attenuation function type, export long to the zero-time, therefore the handoff procedure time is long, simultaneously because discharge impact, easily occurs
Punching and vibration.
3, the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention and the zero of detection method control by state switching electricity
Road completes, and state controls to guarantee that circuit triggering operating point jumps to saltus step and completes, real-time tracking locking flux locked loop road
State, it is achieved reset that flux locked loop road is complete and exit flow process, it is ensured that do not have miscount.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as SQUID of the prior art magnetic flux-voltage-transfer characteristic curve schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is shown as flux locked loop road of the prior art schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is shown as the magnetic flux-voltage-transfer characteristic curve schematic diagram on flux locked loop road of the prior art.
The handoff procedure that Fig. 4 relocks after being shown as in prior art using the zero that resets again is crossed the signal of punching and oscillatory occurences
Figure.
Fig. 5 is shown as in prior art crossing the close-up schematic view of punching and oscillatory occurences.
Fig. 6 is shown as the principle schematic of the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is shown as the structural representation of the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is shown as the state machine principle schematic of the present invention.
Element numbers explanation
The superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of 1 high speed wide range
11 magnetic flux lock circuit
111 operational amplifiers
12 voltage detecting circuits
13 control bias potential circuits
131 state trigger modules
132 potential-divider network modules
14 counter circuits
S1～S4 step
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific instantiation, embodiments of the present invention being described, those skilled in the art can be by disclosed by this specification
Content understand other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.The present invention can also be added by the most different detailed description of the invention
To implement or application, the every details in this specification can also be based on different viewpoints and application, in the essence without departing from the present invention
Various modification or change is carried out under god.
Refer to Fig. 6～Fig. 8.It should be noted that the diagram provided in the present embodiment illustrates the present invention's the most in a schematic way
Basic conception, the most graphic in component count time only display with relevant assembly in the present invention rather than is implemented according to reality, shape and
Size is drawn, and during its actual enforcement, the kenel of each assembly, quantity and ratio can be a kind of random change, and its assembly layout type
State is likely to increasingly complex.
As shown in Fig. 6～Fig. 7, the present invention provides the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor 1 of a kind of high speed wide range, described high speed
The superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor 1 of wide range at least includes:
Magnetic flux lock circuit 11, voltage detecting circuit 12, control bias potential circuit 13 and counter circuit 14.
As shown in Fig. 6～Fig. 7, tested magnetic flux Φ e is detected by described magnetic flux lock circuit 11, and exports and described tested magnetic
Logical loop output voltage V proportional for Φ ef。
Specifically, described magnetic flux lock circuit 11 includes SQUID superconducting ring SQ1, operational amplifier 111, feedback resistance Rf
And feedback coil L1.Described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 and described feedback coil L1 constitutes four terminal SQUID device.Described
One end ground connection of SQUID superconducting ring SQ1, the other end connect the first input end of described operational amplifier 111, as it is shown in fig. 7,
In the present embodiment, described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 connects the normal phase input end of described operational amplifier 111.Described computing
Second input of amplifier 111 connects described control bias potential circuit 13, as it is shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, described
Control bias potential circuit 13 connects the inverting input of described operational amplifier 111.Described feedback resistance RfOne end connect
The outfan of described operational amplifier 111, the other end connect described feedback coil L1.Another termination of described feedback coil L1
Ground.As it is shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the outfan of described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 is also connected with a SQUID biased electrical
Road, including the bias voltage V of one end ground connectionb1, its other end passes through biasing resistor Rb1It is connected to described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1
Outfan, with described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 constitute bias loop, to described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 provide biasing
Electric current IbSo that magnetic flux-voltage transfer characteristic that described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 puts up the best performance.
As shown in Fig. 6～Fig. 7, described voltage detecting circuit 12 is connected to the outfan of described magnetic flux lock circuit 11, to described
Loop output voltage VfNumerical value detect.
Specifically, described voltage detecting circuit 12 is respectively by described loop output voltage VfWith the first reference voltage Vref, second ginseng
Examine voltage-VrefAnd compare with reference to no-voltage.Wherein, the first reference voltage VrefIt is the first quantity n magnetic for input magnetic flux
The voltage that the flux period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m is corresponding, i.e.N is the natural number of a setting, Φ0It is a flux quantum, Rf
For described feedback resistance RfResistance, MfMutual inductance for described feedback coil L1 Yu described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1；Second
Reference voltage-VrefFor described first reference voltage VrefNegative.In the present embodiment, employing model LM311, positive and negative two
Voltage inputs, and is output as the logical signal that Transistor-Transistor Logic level is compatible, and when positive terminal voltage is more than negative terminal voltage, comparator is output as height
Level；Otherwise when the positive terminal voltage of comparator is less than negative terminal input voltage, comparator is output as low level.As it is shown in fig. 7, institute
Stating voltage detecting circuit 12 and include four comparators, the normal phase input end of the first comparator IC1 connects described first reference voltage
Vref, inverting input connect described loop output voltage Vf, it is defeated that the normal phase input end of the second comparator IC2 connects described loop
Go out voltage Vf, reverse inter-input-ing ending grounding, the normal phase input end of the 3rd comparator IC3 connects described loop output voltage Vf, anti-phase
Input connects described second reference voltage-Vref, the positive input end grounding of the 4th comparator IC4, inverting input connect institute
State loop output voltage Vf.Described first comparator IC1 realizes described loop output voltage VfWith described first reference voltage Vref
Comparison, when described loop output voltage Vf voltage is more than described first reference voltage VrefTime, described first comparator IC1 is defeated
Go out low level, otherwise export high level.Described second comparator IC2 realizes described loop output voltage VfWith reference no-voltage
Relatively, as described loop output voltage VfWhen voltage is less than 0, described second comparator IC2 output low level, otherwise output height
Level.Described 3rd comparator IC3 realizes described loop output voltage VfWith described second reference voltage-VrefComparison, work as institute
State loop output voltage VfLess than described second reference voltage-VrefTime, described 3rd comparator IC3 output low level, on the contrary defeated
Go out high level.Described 4th comparator IC4 realizes described loop output voltage VfWith with reference to the comparison of no-voltage, when described loop
Output voltage VfWhen voltage is more than 0, described 4th comparator IC4 output low level, otherwise output high level.
As shown in Fig. 6～Fig. 7, described control bias potential circuit 13 is connected to described voltage detecting circuit 12, according to described ring
Road output voltage VfRegulation bias voltage, relocks operating point after making described magnetic flux lock circuit 11 zero.
Specifically, as it is shown in fig. 7, described control bias potential circuit 13 includes state trigger module 131 and potential-divider network module
132。
More specifically, as it is shown in fig. 7, described state trigger module 131 connects the outfan of described voltage detecting circuit 12, bag
The set end connection described first including the first trigger IC5-1 and the second trigger IC5-2, described first trigger IC5-1 is compared
The outfan of device IC1, reset terminal connects the outfan of described second comparator IC2；The set of described second trigger IC5-2
End connects the outfan of described 3rd comparator IC3, and reset terminal connects the outfan of described 4th comparator IC4；Described first
Trigger IC5-1 and the clock end CLK of described second trigger IC5-2 and the equal ground connection of data input pin D.In the present embodiment,
Described first trigger IC5-1 and described second trigger IC5-2 is D flip-flop 71ls74, arbitrarily can realize the present invention's
The trigger of state transition or circuit structure are all applicable to the present invention, are not limited with the present embodiment.D flip-flop 71ls74's is true
Value table is as follows:
When set endDuring for low level, outfan Q is set to 1；Work as reset terminalDuring for low level, outfan Q
It is clearly 0,；When set endAnd reset terminalWhen being high level, outfan Q keeps previous state constant.Thus structure
One-tenth state machine:
1) when described loop output voltage Vf is more than described first reference voltage Vref, described first trigger IC5-1's is defeated
Go out and will be set 1.
2) when described loop output voltage Vf is less than 0, the output of described first trigger IC5-1 will be by clear 0.
3) when described loop output voltage Vf is less than described second reference voltage-Vref, described second trigger IC5-2's is defeated
Go out and will be set 1.
4) when described loop output voltage Vf is more than 0, the output of described second trigger IC5-2 will be by clear 0.
The output combination table of described first trigger IC5-1 and described second trigger IC5-2 levies the state of state machine:
First duty S1: corresponding two triggers combination is output as 10；Second duty S2: corresponding two triggers
Combination is output as 01；3rd duty S0: corresponding two triggers combination output 00.That is, when described loop output voltage
VfMore than described first reference voltage VrefTime saltus step to the first duty S1, as described loop output voltage VfLess than described
Second reference voltage-VrefTime saltus step to the second duty S2, after described loop output voltage Vf makes zero, saltus step is to the 3rd work
Make state S0.
More specifically, described potential-divider network module 132 connects described state trigger module 131, in described first duty S1
Time, described potential-divider network module 132 exports the first bias voltage V1, and the value of described first bias voltage V1 is more than described SQUID
The maximum output voltage of superconducting ring SQ1, can do concrete setting according to practical situation；When described second duty S2, institute
Stating potential-divider network module 132 and export the second bias voltage V2, the value of described second bias voltage V2 surpasses less than described SQUID
The minimum output voltage of lead ring SQ1；When described three duty S0, it is inclined that described potential-divider network module 132 exports the 3rd
Putting voltage V0, described 3rd bias voltage V0 is the bias voltage at described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 operating point.Described shape
Switch in described potential-divider network module 132 is controlled by state trigger module 131, different inclined to realize under different operating state
Putting the output of voltage, the circuit that arbitrarily can realize exporting under duty corresponding bias voltage is all applicable to the present invention, not with this reality
Execute example to be limited.As it is shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, including connect described operational amplifier 111 inverting input first～
Four resistance, described first resistance RO1The other end by first switch SW1 connect the first bias voltage VOS, described second electricity
Resistance RO2The other end connect the second bias voltage-V by second switch SW2OS, described 3rd resistance RO3The other end connect
3rd bias voltage VO0, described 4th resistance RO4Other end ground connection.Bias voltage is from described 4th resistance RO4On electricity
Pressure, described 4th resistance RO4Resistance and described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 D.C. resistance at operating point suitable, choose
1～10 ohm.First～three resistance RO1、RO2、RO3Value more than described 4th resistance RO4.It is carried in described 4th resistance
RO4Upper voltage is from three tunnels:
Described 3rd bias voltage VO0Drive described 3rd resistance RO3Produce electric current and flow into described 4th resistance RO4, produce biasing
Voltage is designated as V0:
When described first trigger IC5-1 is output as high level 1, this output controls described first switch SW1 Guan Bi, leads
Logical described first bias voltage VOS, described first bias voltage VOSDrive described first resistance RO1Produce electric current and flow into described
4th resistance RO4, and described 3rd bias voltage VO0At described 4th resistance RO4The voltage integrated of upper generation is designated as V1:
In like manner, when described second trigger IC5-2 is output as high level 1, this output controls described second switch SW2 and closes
Close, turn on described second bias voltage-VOS, described second bias voltage-VOSDrive described second resistance RO2Produce electric current stream
Enter described 4th resistance RO4, and described 3rd bias voltage VO0The voltage integrated produced on described 4th resistance RO4 is designated as
V2:
(RO1、RO2Value is identical, and the positive back bias voltage amplitude so produced is identical)
Therefore according to described loop output voltage VfForm state machine, different bias voltage value can be realized according to the state of state machine defeated
Go out.
As described loop output voltage VfJust it is output as, and reaches described first reference voltage VrefTime, described first comparator IC1
Triggering the set end of described first trigger IC5-1, described first trigger IC5-1 is output as 1, described first switch SW1
Guan Bi, it is the first biased electrical that described control bias potential circuit 13 is input to the voltage of described operational amplifier 111 inverting input
Pressure V1, described loop output voltage VfStart anti-phase zero.During output zero, as described loop output voltage VfLittle
In 0 time, the reset terminal of described first trigger IC5-1 is triggered by described second comparator IC2, described first trigger IC5-1
Being output as 0, described first switch SW1 disconnects, and described control bias potential circuit 13 recovers output the 3rd bias voltage V0,
Described magnetic flux lock circuit 11 relocks work, completes the switching of one action point.
In like manner, as described loop output voltage VfIt is output as bearing, and reaches described second reference voltage-VrefTime, described 3rd ratio
Relatively device IC3 triggers the set end of described second trigger IC5-2, and described second trigger IC5-2 is output as 1, described second
Switch SW2 Guan Bi, described control bias potential circuit 13 is input to the voltage of described operational amplifier 111 inverting input and is
Second bias voltage V2, described loop output voltage VfStart anti-phase zero.During output zero, when described loop is defeated
Go out voltage VfDuring more than 0, the reset terminal of described second trigger IC5-2 is triggered by described 4th comparator IC4, and described second
Trigger IC5-2 is output as 0, and described second switch SW2 disconnects, and described control bias potential circuit 13 recovers output the 3rd
Bias voltage V0, described magnetic flux lock circuit 11 relocks work, completes the switching of one action point.
As shown in Fig. 6～Fig. 7, described counter circuit 14 is connected to described control bias potential circuit 13, according to described controlled
The transitional states of bias voltage circuit 13 carries out plus-minus counting, it is achieved the counting to flux quantum.
Specifically, as it is shown in fig. 7, the outfan of described first trigger IC5-1 connects the first of described counter circuit 14 time
Clock end CLK1, as the counting pulse signal of described magnetic flux lock circuit 11 forward operating point switching；In like manner, described second touch
The outfan sending out device IC5-2 connects the second clock end CLK2 of described counter circuit 14, as described magnetic flux lock circuit 11
The counting pulse signal of negative sense operating point switching.The two pulse signal input respectively can the clock that add and subtract of forward-backward counter defeated
Entering, the count results of enumerator is the magnetic flux subnumber of total operating point switching correspondence.
Output valve D of described counter circuit 14outWith described loop output voltage Vf, the most total tested magnetic field can be synthesized defeated
Going out, owing to the scope of magnetic flux counting can be very big, the Magnetic Sensor that therefore present invention realizes has traditional Magnetic Sensor and cannot realize
Wide range.
As shown in Figure 6 to 8, the present invention also provides for the superconducting quantum interference device detection method of a kind of high speed wide range, in this enforcement
In example, superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor 1 based on described high speed wide range realizes, and described detection method at least includes:
Step S1: tested magnetic flux is detected based on a magnetic flux lock circuit, and export the ring proportional to described tested magnetic flux
Road output voltage.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 6～Fig. 7, tested magnetic flux Φ e is detected by described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1, and produces
Corresponding voltage signal, SQUID biasing circuit provides bias current Ib to described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 so that described
The magnetic flux that SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 puts up the best performance-voltage transfer characteristic.Described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 and described biased electrical
The output signal on road 13 sends into described operational amplifier 111, and voltage difference is carried out open loop and amplifies output by described operational amplifier 111
Described loop output voltage Vf.Described loop output voltage Vf drives described feedback resistance Rf to produce feedback current, by described
Feedback current is converted into magnetic flux and is coupled to described SQUID and surpasses by the mutual inductance Mf of feedback coil and described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1
In lead ring SQ1, form complete loop, make described loop output voltage V by the locking of operating pointfWith described tested magnetic flux Φ e
Proportional.
Step S2: detect described loop output voltage, adjusts described magnetic flux lock according to the state of described loop output voltage
Determine the bias voltage of circuit, after making described magnetic flux lock circuit zero, relock operating point.
Specifically, by described loop output voltage VfWith the first reference voltage Vref, the second reference voltage-VrefAnd with reference to zero electricity
Pressure is compared to determine the output valve of described bias voltage, and wherein, described first reference voltage is the first quantity for input magnetic flux
Voltage corresponding during n flux quantum, i.e.N is the natural number of a setting, Φ0It is a flux quantum,
RfFor described feedback resistance RfResistance, MfMutual inductance for described feedback coil L1 Yu described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1；Institute
State the second reference voltage-VrefFor described first reference voltage VrefNegative.As shown in Figure 8, by described loop output voltage
VfValue controlled state machine, then controlled bias voltage by state machine.The operation of described state machine and state switching are according to described ring
Road output voltage VfOutput valve determine, it may be assumed that
1) under normal circumstances, described control bias potential circuit 13 is operated in the 3rd duty S0, and its bias voltage is output as
3rd bias voltage V0, the scope of described loop output voltage Vf is at described second reference voltage-VrefWith described first with reference to electricity
Pressure VrefBetween, i.e.-Vref<Vf<Vref.The value of described 3rd bias voltage V0 and described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1 operating point
The voltage V at placebIdentical.
2) described control bias potential circuit 13 is operated under the 3rd duty S0, as described loop output voltage VfIt is more than
Described first reference voltage VrefTime, described control bias potential circuit 13 is entered into the first work shape by the 3rd duty S0
State S1, its bias voltage is output as the first bias voltage V1.Described first bias voltage V1 is more than described SQUID superconducting ring
The maximum output voltage of SQ1.The input of described operational amplifier 111 is because bias voltage is higher than described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1
Output voltage and there is anti-phase change, described loop output voltage VfDrop to zero.
3) described control bias potential circuit 13 is operated under the first duty S1, as described loop output voltage VfDecline
During less than zero, described control bias potential circuit 13 is switched to described 3rd duty S0, and bias voltage recovers to be output as V0.
4) described control bias potential circuit 13 is operated under the 3rd duty S0, as described loop output voltage VfIt is less than
Described second reference voltage-VrefTime, described control bias potential circuit 13 is switched to the second work shape by the 3rd duty S0
State S2, its bias voltage is output as the second bias voltage V2.Described second bias voltage V2 is less than described SQUID superconducting ring
The minimum output voltage of SQ1.Therefore, the input of described operational amplifier 111 is because bias voltage is less than described SQUID superconducting ring
The output voltage of SQ1 and there is anti-phase change, described loop output voltage VfRise to zero.
5) described control bias potential circuit 13 is operated under the second duty S2, as described loop output voltage VfGo up
During to zero, described control bias potential circuit 13 is switched to described 3rd duty S0, and bias voltage recovers to be output as V0.
As shown in Figure 6 to 8, in the present embodiment, loop output voltage V is determined by described voltage detecting circuit 12fElectricity
Pressure condition, the operation of controlled state machine, under the 3rd duty S0, the output voltage of described control bias potential circuit 13
V0 is just the quiescent potential of described SQUID superconducting ring SQ1, and described magnetic flux lock circuit 11 keeps normally locking operation,
Under the first duty S1, the output voltage V1 of described control bias potential circuit 13 will drive described operational amplifier 111
Make described loop output voltage VfQuickly made zero by positive voltage.Under the second duty S2, described control bias potential circuit
Described for driving operational amplifier 111 is made described loop output voltage V by the output voltage V2 of 13fQuickly made zero by negative voltage.
When described loop output voltage Vf reaches described first reference voltage VrefOr described second reference voltage-VrefTime, being just subject to can
The output voltage of control bias voltage circuit 13 drives so that the output of described operational amplifier 111 is quickly made zero, after voltage zero,
Circuit just recovers normally to lock output on new operating point.Therefore the present invention the quickest can must be operated a switching.
Step S3: the transitional states of described bias voltage is counted, it is achieved the counting to flux quantum.
Specifically, export count pulse during the switching of described control bias potential circuit 13 state simultaneously, drive described counter circuit
14 count, as described loop output voltage VfMore than described first reference voltage VrefTime by trigger circuit produce pulse,
Carry out adding counting, as described loop output voltage VfLess than described second reference voltage-VrefTime produce arteries and veins by the corresponding circuit that triggers
Punching, carries out subtracting counting, and obtain after plus-minus counting operation must count value be exactly the total offset numbers of operating point switching, by work
Point switching offset numbers can draw the magnetic flux subnumber of corresponding change, the magnetic flux side-play amount that i.e. operating point change produces.
Step S4: final, the magnetic flux side-play amount of operating point change and the output in real time on flux locked loop road carry out comprehensive, just obtain
The size of actual outside input magnetic flux.The detection of wide range is realized by the described loop output voltage of synthesis and count value.
Specifically, record the flux quantum counting of operating point switching, and combine the ring that described magnetic flux lock circuit 11 normally locks
Road output voltage Vf, it is possible to record the signal of tested magnetic field super large excursion, fix operating point without being bound by tradition
The metering system of the limited range of SQUID flux locked loop, it is achieved the SQUID Magnetic Sensor of super large range.
As it has been described above, the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention and detection method, have following useful
Effect:
1, superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor and the detection method of the high speed wide range of the present invention only changes bias voltage value, does not changes
Become the feedback parameter of original sensor circuit, the transmission characteristic of original sensor circuit will not be destroyed.
2, in the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention and detection method, bias voltage value can be according to loop
Response characteristic be adjusted flexibly, its zero process is linear function type, and return-to-zero-time is short, is regulated by parameter, can make
The speed obtaining circuit output zero reaches the fastest, and traditional reset circuit is deposited and limited by discharge and recharge time parameter, and its character refers to
Number attenuation function type, export long to the zero-time, therefore the handoff procedure time is long, simultaneously because discharge impact, easily occurs
Punching and vibration.
3, the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention and the zero of detection method control by state switching electricity
Road completes, and state controls to guarantee that circuit triggering operating point jumps to saltus step and completes, real-time tracking locking flux locked loop road
State, it is achieved reset that flux locked loop road is complete and exit flow process, it is ensured that do not have miscount.
In sum, the present invention provides the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of a kind of high speed wide range, including: to tested magnetic flux
Detect, and export the magnetic flux lock circuit of loop output voltage；The electricity that the numerical value of described loop output voltage is detected
Pressure testing circuit；Regulate bias voltage according to described loop output voltage, after making described magnetic flux lock circuit zero, relock work
Make the control bias potential circuit of point；And carry out plus-minus counting according to the transitional states of described control bias potential circuit, it is achieved
Counter circuit to the counting of flux quantum.The present invention also provides for the superconducting quantum interference device detection method of a kind of high speed wide range,
Including: based on a magnetic flux lock circuit, tested magnetic flux is detected, and export the loop output proportional to described tested magnetic flux
Voltage；Described loop output voltage is detected, adjusts described magnetic flux lock circuit according to the state of described loop output voltage
Bias voltage, make described magnetic flux lock circuit zero after relock operating point；The transitional states of described bias voltage is carried out
Counting, it is achieved the counting to flux quantum；The detection of wide range is realized eventually through the described loop output voltage of synthesis and count value.
The superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of the high speed wide range of the present invention and detection method only change bias voltage value, do not change original
The feedback parameter of sensor circuit, will not destroy the transmission characteristic of original sensor circuit；Bias voltage value can be according to the sound of loop
Characteristic is answered to be adjusted flexibly so that the speed of circuit output zero reaches the fastest, and when traditional reset circuit is deposited by discharge and recharge
Between parameter limit, the handoff procedure time is long, easily occurred punching and vibration；Zero controls to be completed by state switching circuit, state
Control to guarantee that circuit triggering operating point jumps to saltus step and completes, eliminate miscount.So, the present invention effectively overcomes existing
The various shortcoming in technology is had to have high industrial utilization.
The principle of above-described embodiment only illustrative present invention and effect thereof, not for limiting the present invention.Any it is familiar with this skill
Above-described embodiment all can be modified under the spirit and the scope of the present invention or change by the personage of art.Therefore, such as
All that in art, tool usually intellectual is completed under without departing from disclosed spirit and technological thought etc.
Effect is modified or changes, and must be contained by the claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of a high speed wide range, it is characterised in that the Superconducting Quantum of described high speed wide range is done
Relate to device Magnetic Sensor at least to include:
Magnetic flux lock circuit, voltage detecting circuit, control bias potential circuit and counter circuit；
Tested magnetic flux is detected by described magnetic flux lock circuit, and exports the loop output electricity proportional to described tested magnetic flux
Pressure；Described magnetic flux lock circuit includes SQUID superconducting ring, is connected to the operation amplifier of described SQUID superconducting ring outfan
Device, the feedback resistance being sequentially connected to described operational amplifier output terminal and feedback coil；
Described voltage detecting circuit is connected to the outfan of described magnetic flux lock circuit, enters the numerical value of described loop output voltage
Row detection；
Described control bias potential circuit is connected to described voltage detecting circuit, regulates biased electrical according to described loop output voltage
Pressure, relocks operating point after making described magnetic flux lock circuit zero；
Described counter circuit is connected to described control bias potential circuit, according to the saltus step shape of described control bias potential circuit
State carries out plus-minus counting, it is achieved the counting to flux quantum.
The superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of high speed wide range the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described voltage is examined
Slowdown monitoring circuit by described loop output voltage and the first reference voltage, the second reference voltage and compares with reference to no-voltage respectively；
Wherein, the first reference voltage is to input voltage corresponding when magnetic flux is the first quantity n flux quantum, and the second reference voltage is
The negative of described first reference voltage, described first quantity n is natural number.
The superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of high speed wide range the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described voltage is examined
Slowdown monitoring circuit includes four comparators, and the normal phase input end of the first comparator connects described first reference voltage, inverting input even
Connecing described loop output voltage, the normal phase input end of the second comparator connects described loop output voltage, reverse inter-input-ing ending grounding,
The normal phase input end of the 3rd comparator connects described loop output voltage, inverting input connects described second reference voltage, the
The positive input end grounding of four comparators, inverting input connect described loop output voltage.
The superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of high speed wide range the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described controlled partially
Put potential circuit and include state trigger module and potential-divider network module；Wherein, described state trigger module connects the inspection of described voltage
The outfan of slowdown monitoring circuit, when described loop output voltage is more than described first reference voltage, saltus step is to the first duty, when
When described loop output voltage is less than described second reference voltage, saltus step is to the second duty, when described loop output voltage is returned
After zero, saltus step is to the 3rd duty；Described potential-divider network module connects described state trigger module, by described state trigger mode
The control of block, exports the first bias voltage when described first duty, exports second when described second duty inclined
Putting voltage, export the 3rd bias voltage when described three duty, the value of described first bias voltage is more than described
The maximum output voltage of SQUID superconducting ring, the value of described second bias voltage is defeated less than the minimum of described SQUID superconducting ring
Going out voltage, described 3rd bias voltage is the bias voltage at described SQUID superconducting ring operating point.
The superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of high speed wide range the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described state is touched
Sending out module and include the first trigger and the second trigger, the set end of described first trigger connects the defeated of described first comparator
Going out end, reset terminal connects the outfan of described second comparator；The set end of described second trigger connects the described 3rd and compares
The outfan of device, reset terminal connects the outfan of described 4th comparator.
The superconducting quantum interference device Magnetic Sensor of high speed wide range the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described dividing potential drop net
First～four resistance that network module includes connecting described opamp input terminal, the other end of described first resistance passes through first
Switch connects the first bias voltage, and the other end of described second resistance connects the second bias voltage by second switch, and described the
The other end of three resistance connects the 3rd bias voltage, the other end ground connection of described 4th resistance.
7. the superconducting quantum interference device detection method of a high speed wide range, it is characterised in that the Superconducting Quantum of described high speed wide range is done
Relate to device detection method at least to include:
Based on a magnetic flux lock circuit, tested magnetic flux is detected, and export the loop output proportional to described tested magnetic flux
Voltage；
Described loop output voltage is detected, adjusts described magnetic flux lock circuit according to the state of described loop output voltage
Bias voltage, make described magnetic flux lock circuit zero after relock operating point；
The transitional states of described bias voltage is counted, it is achieved the counting to flux quantum；
The detection of wide range is realized eventually through the described loop output voltage of synthesis and count value.
The superconducting quantum interference device detection method of high speed wide range the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: by by described
Loop output voltage and the first reference voltage, the second reference voltage and reference no-voltage are compared to determine described bias voltage
Output valve, wherein, described first reference voltage is the voltage that input magnetic flux is corresponding when being the first quantity n flux quantum,
Described second reference voltage is the negative of described first reference voltage, and described first quantity n is natural number.
The superconducting quantum interference device detection method of high speed wide range the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: when described loop
When output voltage is more than described first reference voltage, saltus step to the first duty, the most described bias voltage is more than described
The maximum output voltage of SQUID superconducting ring, described loop output voltage is gradually reduced zero；When described loop output voltage
During less than described second reference voltage, saltus step to the second duty, the most described bias voltage is less than described SQUID superconduction
The minimum output voltage of ring, described loop output voltage is gradually increasing zero；After described loop output voltage makes zero, saltus step
To the 3rd duty, the most described bias voltage is the bias voltage at SQUID superconducting ring operating point.
The superconducting quantum interference device detection method of high speed wide range the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: when described ring
Carry out adding counting when road output voltage is more than described first reference voltage, when described loop output voltage is less than described second reference
Carry out during voltage subtracting counting.
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