CN106018755A - Experimental system for large-sized ground fracture physical model - Google Patents
Experimental system for large-sized ground fracture physical model Download PDFInfo
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- CN106018755A CN106018755A CN201610619488.5A CN201610619488A CN106018755A CN 106018755 A CN106018755 A CN 106018755A CN 201610619488 A CN201610619488 A CN 201610619488A CN 106018755 A CN106018755 A CN 106018755A
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an experimental system for a large-sized ground fracture physical model, relating to the technical field of experimental measurement based on geology. According to the experimental system, the research of a development and extension physical model of a ground fracture formed by compression of differential stratums at a buried hill part of a bed rock during the exploitation of underground water is realized by virtue of experimental simulation. According to the experimental system, a model box is prepared by cementing organic glass; a support frame system comprises a framework, a hard support and a jack, the framework is fixed on the outer surface of the model box, the hard support is of a metal framework structure covering and mounted on the outer surface of the model box, and the jack is used for regulating the levelness of the bottom of the model box; a water yield measuring meter and a water valve are mounted on each water inlet at each end; a water yield measuring meter and a water valve are mounted at each water outlet; and a substrate form control system comprises a monitoring instrument, and the monitoring instrument consists of distribution optical fibers, content gauges, displacement meters, pressure measuring pipes and temperature gauges which are arranged in each layer. The experimental system is applicable to the physical research of the ground fractures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to based on geological experiment field of measuring technique, particularly relate to a kind of large-scale ground fissure physical model
Experimental system.
Background technology
In the engineering such as mineral exploration and exploitation, tunnelling, engineering itself can be caused a lot of unfavorable factor, even by geology crack
Lead to a disaster.Therefore at needs, the geology crack being likely to occur fully is measured and is studied assessment in early stage is explored,
So as to safe construction, protect operating personnel, reduce hidden dangers in project simultaneously.Wherein, the change of subsoil water is again to cause geology
The one of the main reasons in crack.
In the work progress of engineering, many times it is required for artificial active and draws water, and after drawing water under pore water pressure
Between fall granule, uplift pressure reduces, but due in pump process the total stress of soil layer be held essentially constant, therefore cause effective stress to increase
Adding, soil layer densification, vertical deviation is gradually increased along with the reduction of level of ground water.Again owing to being affected by buried hills, soil layer is thick
Degree is formed about sudden change, soil body Differential Compression in buried hill, causes in formation crack, earth's surface.
But, at present for the assessment mode in the geology crack in buried hills environment, main still by exploring on the spot.
Meanwhile, actual groundwater net is complex, in the environment of buried hills, is difficult to the change of accurate evaluation subsoil water for ground
Matter crack affect situation.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide the experimental system of a kind of large-scale ground fissure physical model, it is achieved that by experiment mould
Intend, under the conditions of exploiting groundwater, study the physics causing Ground Fractures ' Development to extend at stratum, buried hills position Differential Compression
Model.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, embodiments of the invention adopt the following technical scheme that
First aspect, the method that embodiments of the invention provide, including: model casing, support frame system, water inlet system,
Drainage system and substrate topography control system；
Described model casing is welded by lucite and makes；
Described support frame system includes framework, hard support and jack, and described framework is fixedly mounted on described model casing
Outer surface, the described metal framework structure that is firmly supported for, cover and be arranged on the outer surface of described model casing, described jack is used for
Regulating the horizontality at the bottom of described model casing, the base of described jack disposes on the ground, and the weight lifting bar of described jack
Contact the domain of described metal framework structure；
Described water inlet system includes the water inlet being arranged on described model casing two ends, wherein, every one end each enter
Water yield measuring instrument and water valve are installed on the mouth of a river；
Described drainage system includes the discharge outlet being arranged on bottom described model casing, and installs water in each discharge outlet
Amount measurement instrument and water valve；
Described substrate topography control system includes: is laid on the soil layer in described model casing, and is arranged in described soil layer
Monitoring instrument；Wherein, from supreme at the bottom of described model casing, described soil layer includes: argillic horizon, layer of sand, powder soil horizon and platelets,
And between described soil layer, it is provided for the mica sheet of mark；Described monitoring instrument by the distribution type fiber-optic arranged in layers,
Liquidometer, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe and thermometer composition.
The experimental system of the large-scale ground fissure physical model that the embodiment of the present invention provides, is achieved by experimental simulation device
Under research water pumping conditions, the settlement difference experiment of different-thickness water-bearing layer and top board aquiclude thereof；With, research aquiclude is taken out
Soil consolidation settlement law under water condition；With, study and monitor ground fissure mineralizing evolution process；With, research fluctuating substrate is over the ground
The impact that crack produces；With, research aquiclude, water-bearing layer are released many monitoring modes of water deformation parameter and are obtained.The present embodiment institute
The operation logic of the experimental system provided is: depth stratum, underground total stress σ is equal to effective stressAnd pore water pressure
Power u sum, that is:After drawing water, pore water pressure declines uplift pressure reduction between granule, but due to soil in pump process
The total stress of layer is held essentially constant, therefore causes effective stress to increase, and soil layer densification, vertical deviation is along with the reduction of level of ground water
And be gradually increased.Owing to being affected by buried hills, soil thickness is formed about sudden change, soil body Differential Compression in buried hill, causes
Formation crack, earth's surface.This experimental simulation causes ground fissure at stratum, buried hills position Differential Compression under the conditions of exploiting groundwater
Grow the physical model of extension.It is achieved thereby that by experimental simulation, under the conditions of exploiting groundwater, research is in buried hills portion
Stratum, position Differential Compression causes the physical model that Ground Fractures ' Development extends.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For the technical scheme being illustrated more clearly that in the embodiment of the present invention, below by use required in embodiment
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only some embodiments of the present invention, for ability
From the point of view of the those of ordinary skill of territory, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain the attached of other according to these accompanying drawings
Figure.
The population structure schematic diagram of the experimental system of the large-scale ground fissure physical model that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
The concrete structure signal of the experimental system of the large-scale ground fissure physical model that Fig. 2,3,4 provide for the embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
In the large-scale ground fissure physical model that Fig. 5,6,7,8 provide for the embodiment of the present invention, the sensor in each soil layer
Arrangement schematic diagram with optical fiber.
Detailed description of the invention
For making those skilled in the art be more fully understood that technical scheme, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment party
The present invention is described in further detail by formula.Embodiments of the present invention, the showing of described embodiment are described in more detail below
Example is shown in the drawings, and the most same or similar label represents same or similar element or has identical or class
Element like function.The embodiment described below with reference to accompanying drawing is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and can not
It is construed to limitation of the present invention.Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, odd number shape used herein
Formula " one ", " one ", " described " and " being somebody's turn to do " may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that the description of the present invention
The wording of middle use " includes " referring to there is described feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or assembly, but it is not excluded that
Exist or add other features one or more, integer, step, operation, element, assembly and/or their group.It should be understood that
When we claim element to be " connected " or during " coupled " to another element, and it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or
Intermediary element can also be there is.Additionally, " connection " used herein or " coupling " can include wireless connections or couple.Here make
Wording "and/or" include one or more any cell listing item being associated and all combinations.The art
Those of skill will appreciate that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical term and scientific terminology) have
With the those of ordinary skill in art of the present invention be commonly understood by identical meaning.Should also be understood that the most general
Those terms defined in dictionary should be understood that have the meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of prior art, and
Unless defined as here, will not explain by idealization or the most formal implication.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the experimental system of a kind of large-scale ground fissure physical model, as it is shown in figure 1, include: model
Case, support frame system, water inlet system, drainage system and substrate topography control system.Wherein:
Described model casing is welded by lucite and makes.
Described support frame system includes framework, hard support and jack, and described framework is fixedly mounted on described model casing
Outer surface, the described metal framework structure that is firmly supported for, cover and be arranged on the outer surface of described model casing, described jack is used for
Regulating the horizontality at the bottom of described model casing, the base of described jack disposes on the ground, and the weight lifting bar of described jack
Contact the domain of described metal framework structure.
Described water inlet system includes the water inlet being arranged on described model casing two ends, wherein, every one end each enter
Water yield measuring instrument and water valve are installed on the mouth of a river.
Described drainage system includes the discharge outlet being arranged on bottom described model casing, and installs water in each discharge outlet
Amount measurement instrument and water valve.
Described substrate topography control system includes: is laid on the soil layer in described model casing, and is arranged in described soil layer
Monitoring instrument.Wherein, from supreme at the bottom of described model casing, described soil layer includes: argillic horizon, layer of sand, powder soil horizon and platelets,
And between described soil layer, it is provided for the mica sheet of mark.Described monitoring instrument by the distribution type fiber-optic arranged in layers,
Liquidometer, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe and thermometer composition.
Wherein, each water inlet in described water inlet system is fitted with water yield measuring instrument and water valve.Or,
The water inlet of each end connects respective water inlet manifold respectively, and is provided with water yield measuring instrument and water on described water inlet manifold
Valve.
In the preferred version of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the thickness of the lucite forming described model casing is
25mm.Length 4.8m of described model casing, width is 1.8m, and height is 1.5m.
In the preferred version of the present embodiment, one end at described model casing: include that 12 are evenly distributed at rectangle region
Water inlet in territory.Described water inlet is 0.17m apart from the minimum range of the inner bottom surface of described model casing, distance model case interior
The minimum range of wall is 0.3m.Minimum spacing between each water inlet is 0.32m, and maximum spacing is 0.6m；Described draining system
System includes 10 discharge outlet being evenly distributed in rectangular area.Described discharge outlet apart from described model casing internal face
Small distance is 0.45m, and ultimate range is 0.48m.Minimum spacing between each discharge outlet is 0.9m, and maximum spacing is 0.96m.
Such as: the mouth of a river can be disposable into and out shown in Fig. 2, it is casing, bottom due to the surrounding border, vadose region of model
Border is argillic horizon, all can be as water proof border.The water inlet of model, discharge outlet can be generalized as water filling gang of wells and pumped well
Group.Gang of wells interferes with each other, and the impact available " principle of stacking " on seepage field is analyzed.In the present embodiment, for parallel water proof
Border, can carry out parallel boundary mapping to gang of wells, it is ensured that vadose region streamline is uniform, reduces border to greatest extent to seepage field
Impact.
In the preferred version of the present embodiment, the thickness of described argillic horizon is 20cm, and the thickness of described layer of sand is 60cm, institute
The thickness stating powder soil horizon is 55cm, and the silt in described powder soil horizon is mixed according to the ratio of 2: 1 by fine sand and clay.Specifically
, in the substrate topography control system in model casing, substrate buried hill, the long 2.8m in substrate buried hill, wide 1.8m, height can be preset
0.8m, interior clay filled, thus ensure water proof.The argillic horizon of 20cm is laid from bottom to top in model casing, the layer of sand of 60cm,
The powder soil horizon of 55cm.Layer of sand and silt interlayer spread mica sheet and do mark differentiation.Soil body surface layer lays platelets.
In the present embodiment, the distribution type fiber-optic of described monitoring instrument divide vertical, laterally lay, including four layers of level
Distribution type fiber-optic and 12 vertical distribution type fiber-optics.In the present embodiment, polyurethane straining and sensing optical cable can be used, estimate light
Cable length: 200m.
At the interface of described argillic horizon Yu described layer of sand, lay ground floor horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, and be provided with and institute
State liquidometer, displacement meter and pressure-measuring pipe that ground floor horizontal distribution formula optical fiber connects.Argillic horizon in the present embodiment and layer of sand,
Earth volume is estimated in employing: clay 7m3, fine sand 7.5m3.
In the middle part of described layer of sand, lay second layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, and be provided with and described second layer horizontal distribution
Liquidometer, displacement meter, thermometer and at least 5 the PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors that formula optical fiber connects.
At the interface of described layer of sand and described powder soil horizon and below the mica sheet of mark, lay third layer level and divide
Cloth optical fiber, and thermometer, displacement meter and at least 5 the PR2 soil being connected with described third layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber are installed
Earth section moisture transducer.In the middle part of described powder soil horizon, lay the 4th layer of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, and be provided with and the described 4th
The displacement meter of layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber connection and at least 5 PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors.Concrete, in the present embodiment
The sensor used specifically includes: the miniature displacement meter of fiber grating liquid level meter, fiber grating, optical fiber grating temperature meter, PR2 soil
Section moisture transducer, pressure-measuring pipe etc..Wherein, fiber grating also known as Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating,
FBG)。
Such as: the laying mode of the monitoring instrument in the present embodiment is referred to as shown in Figure 3-4, wherein distribution type fiber-optic
Point vertically, laterally lay, totally 12 vertical distribution type fiber-optics, 4 layers of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, use postfixed point mode to fix glass
Sheet.Postfixed point refers to that landfill limit, model limit carries out a glue fixed point, adds organic sheet glass.Wherein, as shown in Figure 5, at 20cm
(argillic horizon and the interface of layer of sand), lays ground floor horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, liquidometer, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe；Such as Fig. 6 institute
Show, at 50cm (in the middle part of layer of sand), lay second layer distribution type fiber-optic, liquidometer, displacement meter, thermometer；As shown in Figure 7
, at 80cm (layer of sand and the interface of powder soil horizon, under Muscovitum label layer), lay third layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, temperature
Degree meter, displacement meter；As shown in Figure 8, at 110cm (in the middle part of powder soil horizon), lay the 4th layer of optical fiber, displacement meter.Arrange 5
PR2 moisture of soil profile sensor, the soil moisture content of test 20-140cm.
Wherein, concrete experiment performs flow process and includes:
Actual measurement model case specification, pinpoints each summit, intake-outlet and records into computer equipment, wherein, at mould
Each position line and infrared mark is marked, in order to sensing equipment Scan orientation point on molding box；
Inside buried hill, water clay filling and tamp, wherein buried hill outer layer coagulating cement earth forming, it is ensured that buried hill table
Stiffness layer.
Every landfill 5～10cm of banketing needs compacting.Arrive design attitude and i.e. lay respective sensor.After every layer of end of banketing,
Test optical fibre cables transducing signal quality.After completing whole model landfill, all fiber-optic signals etc. are carried out quality testing.Because silt is
Clay mixes with fine sand, and upper strata silt is that powder is filled, so then every landfill 5～10cm compacting soaks；
Connect optical fiber and mark optical fiber numbering, and detecting each path light loss situation；
After model landfill terminates, about one week can be stood, and amesdial is installed on pretreatment；
Model surface is repeated watering, the step of evaporation, makes top layer form crust layer, read amesdial reading, computer
Equipment record cast surface settlement amount；
Open model two ends inlet valve, record each watermeter flowing rate.Making each layer soil satisfy water, water-bearing layer reaches artesian condition, closes
Close inlet valve, a couple of days need to be stood.Read amesdial reading, record cast surface settlement amount, gather each sensing data, until
Stabilization.During this, can by experimenter or by computer control photographic head surface condition is taken pictures；Again
Open model bottom water discharging valve, record each watermeter flowing rate.Water-bearing layer is made slowly to release water, until monitoring is less than the drainage of displacement
State, reads amesdial reading, record cast surface settlement amount, gathers each sensing data, until stabilization.To surface feelings
Condition is taken pictures；And repeat this process, until there is crack in model surface.
The experimental system of the large-scale ground fissure physical model that the embodiment of the present invention provides, is achieved by experimental simulation device
Under research water pumping conditions, the settlement difference experiment of different-thickness water-bearing layer and top board aquiclude thereof；With, research aquiclude is taken out
Soil consolidation settlement law under water condition；With, study and monitor ground fissure mineralizing evolution process；With, research fluctuating substrate is over the ground
The impact that crack produces；With, research aquiclude, water-bearing layer are released many monitoring modes of water deformation parameter and are obtained.The present embodiment institute
The operation logic of the experimental system provided is: depth stratum, underground total stress σ is equal to effective stressAnd pore water pressure
Power u sum, that is:After drawing water, pore water pressure declines uplift pressure reduction between granule, but due to soil in pump process
The total stress of layer is held essentially constant, therefore causes effective stress to increase, and soil layer densification, vertical deviation is along with the reduction of level of ground water
And be gradually increased.Owing to being affected by buried hills, soil thickness is formed about sudden change, soil body Differential Compression in buried hill, causes
Formation crack, earth's surface.This experimental simulation causes ground fissure at buried hills position difference stratigraphic compression under the conditions of exploiting groundwater
Grow the physical model of extension.It is achieved thereby that by experimental simulation, under the conditions of exploiting groundwater, research is in buried hills portion
Stratum, position Differential Compression causes the physical model that Ground Fractures ' Development extends.
Each embodiment in this specification all uses the mode gone forward one by one to describe, identical similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing and see mutually, what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiments.Real especially for equipment
For executing example, owing to it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so describing fairly simple, relevant part sees embodiment of the method
Part illustrate.The above, the only detailed description of the invention of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This, any those familiar with the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replace
Change, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claim
Enclose and be as the criterion.
Claims (7)
1. the experimental system of one kind large-scale ground fissure physical model, it is characterised in that including: model casing, support frame system, enter
Water system, drainage system and substrate topography control system；
Described model casing is welded by lucite and makes；
Described support frame system includes framework, hard support and jack, and described framework is fixedly mounted on outside described model casing
Surface, the described metal framework structure that is firmly supported for, cover the outer surface being arranged on described model casing, described jack is used for regulating
Horizontality at the bottom of described model casing, the base of described jack disposes on the ground, and the weight lifting bar contact of described jack
The chassis of described metal framework structure；
Described water inlet system includes the water inlet being arranged on described model casing two ends, wherein, in extremely each water inlet of every one end
Water yield measuring instrument and water valve are installed on mouth；
Described drainage system includes the discharge outlet being arranged on bottom described model casing, and installs water yield amount in each discharge outlet
Survey instrument and water valve；
Described substrate topography control system includes: be laid on the soil layer in described model casing, and the prison being arranged in described soil layer
Survey instrument；Wherein, from supreme at the bottom of described model casing, described soil layer includes: argillic horizon, layer of sand, powder soil horizon and platelets, and
The mica sheet of mark it is provided between described soil layer；Described monitoring instrument is by the distribution type fiber-optic arranged in layers, liquid level
Meter, displacement meter, pressure-measuring pipe and thermometer composition.
Experimental system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of the lucite forming described model casing is
25mm；
Length 4.8m of described model casing, width is 1.8m, and height is 1.5m.
Experimental system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that on each water inlet in described water inlet system
Water yield measuring instrument and water valve are installed；
Or, the water inlet of each end connects respective water inlet manifold respectively, and is provided with water yield measurement on described water inlet manifold
Instrument and water valve.
Experimental system the most as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that the one end at described model casing:
Including 12 water inlets being evenly distributed in rectangular area；
Described water inlet is 0.17m apart from the minimum range of the inner bottom surface of described model casing, and the internal face of distance model case is
Small distance is 0.3m；
Minimum spacing between each water inlet is 0.32m, and maximum spacing is 0.6m.
Experimental system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described drainage system includes that 10 are evenly distributed
Discharge outlet in rectangular area；
Described discharge outlet is 0.45m apart from the minimum range of the internal face of described model casing, and ultimate range is 0.48m；
Minimum spacing between each discharge outlet is 0.9m, and maximum spacing is 0.96m.
Experimental system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of described argillic horizon is 20cm, described layer of sand
Thickness be 60cm, the thickness of described powder soil horizon is 55cm, the silt in described powder soil horizon by fine sand and clay according to the ratio of 2:1
Example is mixed.
7. according to the experimental system described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that the distribution type fiber-optic of described monitoring instrument divides perpendicular
To, laterally lay, including four layers of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber and 12 vertical distribution type fiber-optics；
At the interface of described argillic horizon Yu described layer of sand, lay ground floor horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, and be provided with and described the
Liquidometer, displacement meter and the pressure-measuring pipe that one layer of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber connects；
In the middle part of described layer of sand, lay second layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, and be provided with and described second layer horizontal distribution formula light
Fine liquidometer, displacement meter, thermometer and at least 5 the PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors connected；
At the interface of described layer of sand and described powder soil horizon and below the mica sheet of mark, lay third layer horizontal distribution formula
Optical fiber, and thermometer, displacement meter and at least 5 the PR2 soil being connected with described third layer horizontal distribution formula optical fiber are installed cut open
Face moisture transducer；
In the middle part of described powder soil horizon, lay the 4th layer of horizontal distribution formula optical fiber, and be provided with and described 4th layer of horizontal distribution formula
The displacement meter of optical fiber connection and at least 5 PR2 moisture of soil profile sensors.
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| CN106644336A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-10 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Ground fracture-crossing experimental system and method for frame structure |
| CN106769400A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州科技大学 | Ground fissure place shake table model and bridge response to forced vibration method |
| CN106767475A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of hole-edge crack diagnostic method that fiber grating spectral image analysis are pasted based on horizontal cloth |
| CN108267564A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-10 | 长安大学 | A kind of simulation ground fissure expanding unit and its application method |
| CN108535451A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-14 | 西安建筑科技大学 | It a kind of box culvert-type subway station and closes on surface infrastructure and crosses over ground fissure experimental system and method |
| CN109709308A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-05-03 | 南京大学 | One kind adopting water type ground fissure physical model test device and test method |
| CN110954680A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-03 | 长安大学 | Ground fracture test device and method for simulating fracture dislocation and underground water change |
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