CN106018470B - A kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test method - Google Patents
A kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test method, including box system, computer and Meter Monitor System etc..Box system, the measurement condition for being inputted according to user, while realizing the dynamic and steady state heat transfer procedural test of wall；Computer and Meter Monitor System, setting for measurement condition, and realize the control and regulation of wall heat transfer process, the data such as temperature, hot-fluid, electrical heating power in acquisition diabatic process in real time, intellectual analysis is carried out to wall heat transfer process and thermal property according to preset calculation criterion, automatically generates Analysis of Heat Transfer report.The detection function of wall heat transfer coefficient during steady state heat transfer not only may be implemented, it can be with the wall dynamic heat transfer process under simulation test different cities, different kinds of building environment, intellectual analysis thermal characteristic of wall and its thermal process, different wall structures is provided for different indoor envirobnmental control demands, provides theoretical foundation for the formulation of relevant criterion.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of test technology of construction wall thermal property, especially heat transfer testing system.
Background technique
Currently, China is in the critical period for accelerating to promote industrialization, urbanization and new countryside construction, building and work
Industry, traffic become the important sources of three big main force's industries and greenhouse gas emission that the energy uses.China builds energy within 2009
Consumption reaches 7.17 hundred million tons of standard coals, the 23.39% of whole society's total energy consumption is accounted for, according to the development pattern of developed country's routine, China
The ratio that building energy consumption accounts for total energy consumption can reach 35%.Since architectural exterior-protecting construction energy conservation is up to 25% or so, country successively goes out
The multi-sections energy saving igniter such as platform public building, residential architecture, refers to regard to the heat transfer coefficient of building enclosure, thermal resistance, thermal inertia respectively
The thermal properties parameters such as mark are made that strict regulations.Therefore, chief component of the exterior wall as architectural exterior-protecting construction optimizes wall
Thermodynamic performance should not be underestimated to the importance of building energy conservation.
Both at home and abroad early stage the research of construction wall thermal property is only confined under stable condition, i.e., nature operating condition or
Under continuous air-conditioning, heating operation mode, and country, the energy-saving design in construction of industry publication and detection acceptance criteria are all made of heat transfer
The thermal property of wall is measured and evaluated to the parameters such as COEFFICIENT K, thermal resistance R and heat inertia index D.In recent years, it with air-conditioning and adopts
Heating equipment utilization rate rises rapidly, and building energy consumption increases rapidly, and intermittent air conditioning systems, heating operation mode are exhaled also with building energy conservation
Sigh, the difference of service function of the rooms and human behavior mode and generate therewith.In addition, wall shows under different weather conditions
Different thermal property out, as the unidirectional heat of hot-summer and cold-winter area wall heat transfer characteristic and severe cold cold district heat preserving exterior wall transmits
Characteristic has significant difference, and it is good heat-insulated that the thermal property design of hot-summer and cold-winter area wall will not only meet summer day
Property and night good thermal diffusivity, will also take into account winter good heat insulating ability.Therefore, for wall under intermittent air conditioning systems operational mode
Thermal property, cannot be measured and be evaluated only by traditional thermal property parameter.
The Testing index of domestic existing thermal characteristic of wall detection device mainly has Coefficient K, thermal resistance R etc., detects
Method mainly has heat-flow meter method, Heat-box method, hot tank-heat-flow meter method, a plane heat source method with constant heat rate and thermal infrared imager method, these
Detection device is carried out under the conditions of wall steady state heat transfer.Such as: simple, applicability that prior art discloses a kind of structures
Wide enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device can be improved the temperature uniformity and degree of stability at tested position, but detect
Condition is confined to steady state heat transfer process, cannot detect to the thermal property under wall dynamic thermal environment.The present invention is directed to needles
To Different climate condition and air conditioning operating mode, a kind of survey that construction wall dynamic and steady state heat transfer process can be achieved at the same time is provided
Device and method, intellectual analysis thermal characteristic of wall and its thermal process are tried, is provided for different indoor envirobnmental control demands different
Wall structure, the formulation for concerned countries, industry building energy-saving standard provide theoretical foundation.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address Different climate condition and air conditioning operating modes.
Construction wall stable state and dynamic heat transfer procedural test method disclosed by the invention:
One, construction wall steady state heat transfer procedural test method the following steps are included:
1) prepare before test: production wall test specimen (2) is fixed in test specimen frame (1), assembled good protective hot box (3),
Measure hot tank (4) and ice chest (5)；
2) carry out " stable state " heat transfer testing: user sets ice chest (5) temperature constant value Tc, metering hot tank (4) and protective hot
Case (3) temperature constant value Th；
3) data monitoring transmits:
If carrying out " stable state " heat transfer testing, after diabatic process reaches stable state, the electric heating function of acquisition metering hot tank (4)
Rate QP；
4) " stable state " heat transfer testing data are analyzed:
Steady state heat transfer process (includes T after reaching stable statehAnd TcEach measuring point layer inside no longer changes), test specimen
Steady temperature field is formed in the cool and hot box of two sides；According to the electric heater capacity Q of input metering hot tankP(the i.e. function of heating wire (9)
Rate) it is the heat Q transmitted by test specimen1(metering hot tank outer wall heat loss Q3With test specimen disequilibrium heat flow Q2It ignores)；
The wall heat transfer coefficient K calculation formula of steady state heat transfer process is as follows:
In formula, QPFor the electrical heating power for measuring hot tank, F is metering area (user is manually entered), ThTo measure hot tank temperature
Spend steady state value, TcIce chest temperature constant value.
Two, construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test method the following steps are included:
1) prepare before test: production wall test specimen (2) is fixed in test specimen frame (1), assembled good protective hot box (3),
Measure hot tank (4) and ice chest (5)；
2) " dynamic " heat transfer testing or diabatic process test:
User sets ice chest (5) temperature dynamic setting data set(temperature value, every two setting are set every a Δ τ
It is gradually warmed up or cools down between value, the set of these temperature values is constituted), metering hot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) temperature move
State sets data set(temperature value is set every a Δ τ, is gradually warmed up or cools down between every two setting value, these temperature
The set of value is constituted), set operating condition transformation period between be divided into Δ τ, testing time τ, test process is divided into n=in equal size
τ/the period of Δ τ.Data setWithExpression formula it is as follows:
In formula,For the ice chest air themperature average value at i Δ τ time point；For i Δ τ time point metering hot tank and
Protective hot box air themperature average value；
During heat transfer testing, several temperature or Heat flow site layer are set, each temperature or Heat flow site layer are 9 surveys
A temperature sensor or heat flow transducer is arranged in point, each measuring point；Assuming that wall test specimen (2) number of layers is m layers, m+ is set
3 temperature point layers, wherein m-1 measuring point layer is located between every layer of materials for wall, and 2 measuring point layers are located at wall examination
The both side surface of part (2), 2 measuring point layers are located at metering hot tank (4) and ice chest (5) close to wall test specimen (2) surface (i.e. two
Close to the thin layer of air of surface of wall in a cabinet), the temperature sensor is used for the real time measure of each temperature point layer；ACGeneration
Table ice chest air themperature, A1Represent wall cold side surface temperature, { Aj(j=2 ..., m, m >=2) represent each material layer of wall
Temperature, Am+1Represent wall hot side surface temperature, AHRepresent metering hot tank air themperature；
Heat flow site layer is set in the both side surface of wall test specimen (2), the heat flow transducer is used for each Heat flow site layer
Real time measure；High-precision electric energy meter is for measuring hot tank (4) electrical heating power QPReal time measure；BC、BHRespectively represent wall
Cold side surface heat flow, wall hot side surface heat flow；
3) data monitoring transmits:
Δ τ is divided between the acquisition time of temperature or Heat flow site, i.e., each measuring point acquires n=τ/Δ τ in testing time τ
A data, temperature point distribution layer AC、A1、Aj、Am+1、AHThe data monitored use temperature matrices T respectivelyC、T1、Tj、Tm+1、THCome
It indicates；Heat flow site distribution layer BC、BHThe data monitored use hot-fluid matrix Q respectivelyC、QHIt indicates, each matrix expression is such as
Under:
In various, TC、T1、Tj、Tm+1、TH、QC、QHIt is the matrix of 9 row n column；tC,ki、t1,ki、tj,ki、tm+1,ki、tH,ki、
qC,ki(surface of wall is positive to the transmitting of ice chest air), qH,ki(metering hot tank air is positive to surface of wall transmitting) respectively represents
The temperature or heat flow value of row k i column, i.e., the temperature or heat flow value at k-th measuring point i Δ τ time point；
4) data are analyzed:
1. dynamic heat transfer temperature and heat flux distribution:
Temperature point distribution layer ACThe temperature matrices T monitoredC, 9 measuring point temperature values on its each column are asked count it is flat
ObtainI.e. the ice chest air themperature average value at i Δ τ time point, expression formula are as follows:
Ice chest air themperature distributed data collectionExpression formula is as follows:
Similarly, each material layer temperature of wall cold side surface temperature, wall, wall hot side surface temperature, metering heat
Case air themperature, wall cold side surface heat flow, wall hot side surface heat flow distributed data collection be respectivelyExpression formula is as follows:
In various,The ice chest at respectively i Δ τ time point is empty
Gas temperature averages, wall cold side surface temperature average value, each material layer temperature averages of wall, wall hot side surface temperature
It is average to spend average value, metering hot tank air themperature average value, wall cold side surface heat flow average value, wall hot side surface heat flow
Value.
2. wall heat transfer amount is analyzed.
It is W by the heat that wall cold side surface is transmitted during wall dynamic heat transferC(surface of wall is to ice chest air
Transmitting is positive), it is W by the heat that wall hot side surface is transmittedH(metering hot tank air is positive to surface of wall transmitting), expression
Formula is as follows:
In formula, F is metering area (area at wall center)；Δ τ is hot-fluid acquisition time interval；For i Δ
The wall cold side surface heat flow average value at τ time point；For the wall hot side surface heat flow average value at i Δ τ time point.
3. wall amount of stored heat is analyzed.
In entire test process, wall test specimen amount of stored heat WXIt is exactly the difference by wall both side surface heat output, expression
Formula is as follows:
WX=WH-WC
4. temperature ware damping number and delay time.
Temperature wave will receive materials for wall to the damping action of temperature wave in the communication process of wall, therefore with biography
There is decaying and delay phenomenon in the wave crest of the progress of thermal process, temperature wave.
Attenuation multiple v calculation formula:
In formula,For measure hot tank air themperature average value maximum moment value,For wall
The maximum moment value of cold side surface temperature average value.
Delay time ξ is maximum moment and the wall cold side surface temperature average value for measuring hot tank air themperature average value
The difference at maximum moment.
The solution have the advantages that unquestionable:
1, structure is simple and convenient to operate.Structure of the invention is simple, and monitoring system is clear and effective, strong applicability.User
Can according to demand from primary input dynamic or steady state test operating condition, temperature control intelligence instrument monitor system will according to measurement condition information,
To test specimen two sides cool and hot box air themperature carry out intelligent control, and by the test data monitored be transferred to computer client into
Row intellectual analysis calculates, and eliminates manual analysis and calculates the huge workload of bring.
2, real-time monitoring and display.During the test, temperature may be implemented in temperature control intelligence instrument of the invention monitoring system
The real time measure of the parameters such as degree, hot-fluid, electrical heating power monitors, by the data real-time display monitored in included display screen
On, facilitate user to understand and intuitively understand test status, finds and solve the problems, such as in time.
3, dynamic heat transfer test is realized.The present invention can be directed to Different climate condition and air conditioning operating mode, while realizing and building
The test of walling body dynamic and steady state heat transfer process, and intellectual analysis thermal characteristic of wall and its thermal process.
It the composite can be widely applied to the dynamic and steady state heat transfer procedural test of construction wall, intellectual analysis wall thermal process
And thermal characteristics, provide different wall structures for different indoor envirobnmental control demands, for relevant criterion formulation provide it is theoretical according to
According to.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of " a kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test device and method " of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the temperature or Heat flow site cloth of " a kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test device and method " of the invention
Set figure (Z-Z section).
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only
It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used
With means, various replacements and change are made, should all include within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment discloses a kind of test method of construction wall steady state heat transfer process, and specific test process is as follows:
Prepare before 1 test.Make wall test specimen 2, using gripping mechanism 12 be fixed between cool and hot box with into
The test of row wall heat transfer.User inputs 5 temperature constant value T of ice chest in computer client 15c, metering hot tank 4 and protective hot
3 temperature constant value T of caseh(and Th-Tc>=20 DEG C), as steady state heat transfer measurement condition.
2) diabatic process is tested.After user's input test operating condition, floor data is imported into temperature by data line 16
It controls intelligence instrument and monitors system 13, the environmental aspect in 2 two sides cool and hot box of wall test specimen is controlled by it.Steady state heat transfer was tested
Cheng Zhong, high-precision electric energy meter is for measuring 4 electrical heating power Q of hot tankPReal time measure.
3) data monitoring transmits.After diabatic process reaches stable state, temperature control intelligence instrument monitoring system 13 will be monitored
The electrical heating power Q of the metering hot tank 4 arrivedPComputer client 15 is transferred to by data line 16.
4) data are analyzed.Computer client 15 calculates wall heat transfer coefficient according to preset calculation criterion, and
Automatically generate steady state heat transfer process analysis procedure analysis report.The wall heat transfer coefficient K calculation formula of steady state heat transfer process is as follows:
In formula, QPFor the electrical heating power for measuring hot tank, F is metering area (user is manually entered), ThTo measure hot tank temperature
Spend steady state value, TcIce chest temperature constant value.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment discloses a kind of test method of construction wall dynamic heat transfer process, and specific test process is as follows:
1) prepare before test.Make wall test specimen 2, using gripping mechanism 12 be fixed between cool and hot box with into
The test of row wall heat transfer.User inputs ice chest 5 temperature dynamic setting data set in computer client 15Measure hot tank 4
With protective hot box 3 temperature dynamic setting data setIt is divided into Δ τ, testing time τ between setting operating condition transformation period, therefore surveys
Examination process is divided into n=τ/period of Δ τ in equal size.Data setWithExpression formula it is as follows:
In formula,For the ice chest air themperature average value at i Δ τ time point；For i Δ τ time point metering hot tank and
Protective hot box air themperature average value.
2) diabatic process is tested.After user's input test operating condition, floor data is imported into temperature by data line 16
It controls intelligence instrument and monitors system 13, the environmental aspect in 2 two sides cool and hot box of wall test specimen is controlled by it.Dynamic heat transfer was tested
Cheng Zhong, temperature sensor are used for the real time measure of each temperature point；Heat flow transducer is used for the real time measure of each Heat flow site.It is false
If the materials for wall number of plies is m layers, as shown in Figure 1, temperature point distribution layer number AC、A1、Aj、Am+1、AH(j=2 ..., m, m >=
2) ice chest air themperature, wall cold side surface temperature, each material layer temperature of wall, wall hot side surface temperature are respectively represented
Degree, metering hot tank air themperature；Heat flow site distribution layer number BC、BHRespectively represent wall cold side surface heat flow, wall hot side table
Face hot-fluid.Each temperature or heat flux distribution layer are 9 measuring points, and measuring point value arrangement map is as shown in Figure 2 (Z-Z section).
3) data monitoring transmits.Δ τ is divided between the acquisition time of temperature or Heat flow site, therefore each measuring point is in test
Between n=τ/data of Δ τ are acquired in τ.Temperature control intelligence instrument monitoring system 13 is by the temperature monitored, heat flow data real-time display
On display screen 14, and by data line 16 it is transferred to computer client 15.Temperature point distribution layer AC、A1、Aj、
Am+1、AHThe data monitored use temperature matrices T respectivelyC、T1、Tj、Tm+1、THTo indicate；Heat flow site distribution layer BC、BHIt monitors
Number
According to respectively with hot-fluid matrix QC、QHIt indicates, each matrix expression is as follows:
In various, TC、T1、Tj、Tm+1、TH、QC、QHIt is the matrix of 9 row n column；tC,ki、t1,ki、tj,ki、tm+1,ki、tH,ki、
qC,ki(surface of wall is positive to the transmitting of ice chest air), qH,ki(metering hot tank air is positive to surface of wall transmitting) respectively represents
The temperature or heat flow value of row k i column, i.e., the temperature or heat flow value at k-th measuring point i Δ τ time point.
4) data are analyzed.Computer client 15 according to preset calculation criterion to dynamic heat transfer temperature and heat flux distribution,
The analysis of wall heat transfer amount, the analysis of wall amount of stored heat, temperature ware damping number and delay time carry out intellectual analysis calculating, and automatic
Generate dynamic heat transfer process analysis procedure analysis report.
1. dynamic heat transfer temperature and heat flux distribution:
According to the data that temperature and Heat flow site monitor, the distribution of temperature and hot-fluid during wall dynamic heat transfer can be obtained
Situation.Such as: temperature point distribution layer ACThe temperature matrices T monitoredC, 9 measuring point temperature values on its each column are asked and are counted
Averagely obtainI.e. the ice chest air themperature average value at i Δ τ time point, expression formula are as follows:
Therefore, ice chest air themperature distributed data collectionExpression formula is as follows:
Similarly, each material layer temperature of wall cold side surface temperature, wall, wall hot side surface temperature, metering hot tank
Air themperature, wall cold side surface heat flow, wall hot side surface heat flow distributed data collection be respectivelyExpression formula is as follows:
In various,The ice chest at respectively i Δ τ time point is empty
Gas temperature averages, wall cold side surface temperature average value, each material layer temperature averages of wall, wall hot side surface temperature
It is average to spend average value, metering hot tank air themperature average value, wall cold side surface heat flow average value, wall hot side surface heat flow
Value.
2. wall heat transfer amount is analyzed:
It is W by the heat that wall cold side surface is transmitted during wall dynamic heat transferC(surface of wall is to ice chest air
Transmitting is positive), it is W by the heat that wall hot side surface is transmittedH(metering hot tank air is positive to surface of wall transmitting), expression
Formula is as follows:
In formula, F is metering area (user is manually entered)；Δ τ is hot-fluid acquisition time interval；For i Δ τ time point
Wall cold side surface heat flow average value；For the wall hot side surface heat flow average value at i Δ τ time point.
3. wall amount of stored heat is analyzed:
In entire test process, wall test specimen amount of stored heat WXIt is exactly the difference by wall both side surface heat output, expression
Formula is as follows:
WX=WH-WC
4. temperature ware damping number and delay time:
Temperature wave will receive materials for wall to the damping action of temperature wave in the communication process of wall, therefore with biography
There is decaying and delay phenomenon in the wave crest of the progress of thermal process, temperature wave.
Attenuation multiple v calculation formula:
In formula,For measure hot tank air themperature average value maximum moment value,For wall
The maximum moment value of cold side surface temperature average value.
Delay time ξ is maximum moment and the wall cold side surface temperature average value for measuring hot tank air themperature average value
The difference at maximum moment.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test method, which comprises the following steps:
1) prepare before test: production wall test specimen (2) is fixed in test specimen frame (1), assembled good protective hot box (3), metering
Hot tank (4) and ice chest (5)；
2) " dynamic " heat transfer testing or diabatic process test:
User sets ice chest (5) temperature dynamic setting data setSet a temperature value every a Δ τ, every two setting value it
Between be gradually warmed up or cool down, the set of these temperature values is constitutedHot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) temperature dynamic is measured to set
Data setA temperature value is set every a Δ τ, is gradually warmed up or cools down between every two setting value, the collection of these temperature values
It closes and constitutesΔ τ, testing time τ are divided between setting operating condition transformation period, test process is divided into n=τ/Δ τ in equal size
Period；Data setWithExpression formula it is as follows:
In formula,For the ice chest air themperature average value at i Δ τ time point；For the metering hot tank and protection at i Δ τ time point
Hot tank air themperature average value；
During heat transfer testing, several temperature or Heat flow site layer are set, each temperature or Heat flow site layer are 9 measuring points,
A temperature sensor or heat flow transducer is arranged in each measuring point；Assuming that wall test specimen (2) number of layers is m layers, setting m+3
Temperature point layer, wherein m-1 measuring point layer is located between every layer of materials for wall, and 2 measuring point layers are located at wall test specimen
(2) both side surface, 2 measuring point layers are located at metering hot tank (4) and ice chest (5) close to wall test specimen (2) surface, the temperature
Spend the real time measure that sensor is used for each temperature point layer；ACRepresent ice chest air themperature, A1Represent wall cold side surface temperature,
{AjRepresent each material layer temperature of wall, Am+1Represent wall hot side surface temperature, AHRepresent metering hot tank air themperature；j
=2 ..., m, m >=2
Heat flow site layer is set in the both side surface of wall test specimen (2), the heat flow transducer is used for the reality of each Heat flow site layer
Shi Jiliang；High-precision electric energy meter is for measuring hot tank (4) electrical heating power QPReal time measure；BC、BHRespectively represent wall cold side
Surface heat flow, wall hot side surface heat flow；
3) data monitoring transmits:
Δ τ is divided between the acquisition time of temperature or Heat flow site, i.e., each measuring point acquires n=τ/number of Δ τ in testing time τ
According to temperature point distribution layer AC、A1、Aj、Am+1、AHThe data monitored use temperature matrices T respectivelyC、T1、Tj、Tm+1、THTo indicate；
Heat flow site distribution layer BC、BHThe data monitored use hot-fluid matrix Q respectivelyC、QHIt indicates, each matrix expression is as follows:
In various, TC、T1、Tj、Tm+1、TH、QC、QHIt is the matrix of 9 row n column；tC,ki、t1,ki、tj,ki、tm+1,ki、tH,ki、qC,ki、
qH,ki, measure temperature or heat flow value that hot tank respectively represents row k i column, i.e., the temperature or hot-fluid at k-th measuring point i Δ τ time point
Value；
4) data are analyzed:
1. dynamic heat transfer temperature and heat flux distribution:
Temperature point distribution layer ACThe temperature matrices T monitoredC, ask arithmetic mean to obtain 9 measuring point temperature values on its each column
It arrivesI.e. the ice chest air themperature average value at i Δ τ time point, expression formula are as follows:
Ice chest air themperature distributed data collectionExpression formula is as follows:
Similarly, each material layer temperature of wall cold side surface temperature, wall, wall hot side surface temperature, metering hot tank are empty
Temperature degree, wall cold side surface heat flow, wall hot side surface heat flow distributed data collection be respectivelyExpression formula is as follows:
In various,The respectively ice chest Air Temperature at i Δ τ time point
It is flat to spend average value, wall cold side surface temperature average value, each material layer temperature averages of wall, wall hot side surface temperature
Mean value, metering hot tank air themperature average value, wall cold side surface heat flow average value, wall hot side surface heat flow average value；
2. wall heat transfer amount is analyzed；
It is W by the heat that wall cold side surface is transmitted during wall dynamic heat transferC, surface of wall passes through wall hot side table
The heat of face transmitting is WH, hot tank is measured, expression formula is as follows:
In formula, F is metering area；Δ τ is hot-fluid acquisition time interval；For the wall cold side surface heat flow at i Δ τ time point
Average value；For the wall hot side surface heat flow average value at i Δ τ time point；
3. wall amount of stored heat is analyzed；
In entire test process, wall test specimen amount of stored heat WXIt is exactly the difference by wall both side surface heat output, expression formula is such as
Under:
WX=WH-WC
4. temperature ware damping number and delay time；
Temperature wave will receive materials for wall to the damping action of temperature wave in the communication process of wall, therefore with conducting heat
There is decaying and delay phenomenon in the wave crest of the progress of journey, temperature wave；
Attenuation multiple v calculation formula:
In formula,For measure hot tank air themperature average value maximum moment value,For wall cold side
The maximum moment value of surface temperature average value；
Delay time ξ is the maximum moment for measuring hot tank air themperature average value and the maximum of wall cold side surface temperature average value
The difference at moment.
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| CN117146906B (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-02-09 | 华南理工大学 | Comprehensive performance detection system and method for building enclosure structure |
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