CN106009661B - 一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，将导电聚苯胺纳米棒加入基础聚合物中混合均匀得到长效抗静电复合材料。本发明所得长效抗静电复合材料抗静电能力好，且放置5年后，体积电阻率仍保持在1011Ωcm数量级以内，完全满足长效抗静电材料的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗静电材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
静电对于石油沿管道输送有很大的危害，当电荷达到一定的积累量时会有放电现象，就会引发火灾，甚至有***的可能性。电子产品也有很大的危害，引起电路板线路短路，严重则会造成电子产品报废。此外，在橡胶加工过程中，如果不能及时除去静电，由于生产橡胶制品的过程中会使用汽油等易燃有机物，静电积累到一定电压也会发生放电，很容易引起火灾。常用的抗静电材料一般有以下三类：抗静电剂、抗静电无机材料、结构型导电高分子抗静电复合材料。对于不同的情况一定要选择合适的抗静电材料。
1、抗静电剂。抗静电剂使用方法简便，主要通过涂覆在材料表面达到抗静电的效果。它的作用机理是通过吸附作用，在材料表面形成一层致密的水膜，以阻止静电的形成和积累。影响抗静电剂的抗静电性能的主要因素有以下两个方面，抗静电剂本身的吸水能力和材料使用环境的湿度。抗静电剂可分为有机小分子抗静电剂和永久性抗静电剂两大类。有机小分子抗静电剂具有表面活性剂的特征，又可以分为阳离子型、阴离子型、两性离子型和非离子型四类。而永久性抗静电剂是一类具有亲水基的高聚物，一般以树脂为基体制成。由于生产过程中制品与设备的摩擦会不断带走抗静电剂，在涂覆抗静电过程中，要不断补充，所以无法长期保证能防止静电效果。
2、抗静电无机材料。抗静电无机材料是一类将石墨、炭黑、金属、半导体氧化物等具有导电性的材料加入到高聚物基体中，在基体中形成网络状导电通路以达到抗静电效果的材料，而无机导电材料与树脂基体的相容性则是首先要解决的问题。如果相容性较差，无机材料不易在基体中形成网络状导电通路，则抗静电效果差或达不到抗静电的效果。此外，因为相容性不好，在使用过程中，无机材料容易外泄，抗静电效果也不持久，复合材料使用寿命有限。要永久除去静电就不能通过使用上面提到的抗静电剂和抗静电无机材料来实现了，所以我们必须从源头上及时消除静电，改变材料本身的抗静电性能，结构型导电高分子抗静电材料应运而生。
3、结构型导电高分子抗静电材料。结构型导电高分子材料本身就是可以导电的。根据人们以往的认识，高分子材料是绝缘材料，经常通过带橡胶手套，穿胶底鞋来防止触电。但是科学家们发现，一些含氮、硫元素的高聚物具有导电性，例如聚苯胺、聚乙炔、聚芴、聚噻吩、聚对苯撑乙炔、聚吡咯、聚苯硫醚等。以普通树脂为基体材料，添加掺杂态导电高分子材料，只要两者的熔融温度范围接近，就可以制造出抗静电复合材料。由于基体材料与填料均是高聚物，所以使相容性这个问题得到了很好的解决。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，所得长效抗静电复合材料抗静电能力好，且放置5年后，体积电阻率仍保持在1011Ωcm数量级以内，完全满足长效抗静电材料的要求。
本发明提出的一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，将导电聚苯胺纳米棒加入基础聚合物中混合均匀得到长效抗静电复合材料。
优选地，基础聚合物为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚酯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、聚酰胺或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
优选地，导电聚苯胺纳米棒与基础聚合物的质量比为0.1～10：90～99.9。
优选地，长效抗静电复合材料在0-5年内的体积电阻率为1011～1010Ωcm。
本发明采用导电聚苯胺纳米棒与基础聚合物相互配合，相容性好，体积电阻率低，达到抗静电能力；放置5年后，体积电阻率仍保持在1011Ωcm数量级以内，完全满足长效抗静电材料的要求。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，将聚丙烯升温熔融，再加入导电聚苯胺纳米棒，导电聚苯胺纳米棒与聚丙烯的质量比为2：100，混炼均匀放在硫化机的磨具中，高压制片得到长效抗静电复合材料。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，将聚丙烯加入双辊开炼机中升温，待聚丙烯塑化完全包在辊的表面后，再加入导电聚苯胺纳米棒，导电聚苯胺纳米棒与聚丙烯的质量比为4：100，混炼均匀放在硫化机的磨具中，高压制片得到长效抗静电复合材料。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，将聚丙烯加入双辊开炼机中升温，待聚丙烯塑化完全包在辊的表面后，再加入导电聚苯胺纳米棒，导电聚苯胺纳米棒与聚丙烯的质量比为6：100，混炼均匀放在硫化机的磨具中，高压制片得到长效抗静电复合材料。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，将聚丙烯加入双辊开炼机中升温，待聚丙烯塑化完全包在辊的表面后，再加入导电聚苯胺纳米棒，导电聚苯胺纳米棒与聚丙烯的质量比为8：100，混炼均匀放在硫化机的磨具中，高压制片得到长效抗静电复合材料。
实施例5
本发明提出的一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，将聚丙烯加入双辊开炼机中升温，待聚丙烯塑化完全包在辊的表面后，再加入导电聚苯胺纳米棒，导电聚苯胺纳米棒与聚丙烯的质量比为10：100，混炼均匀放在硫化机的磨具中，高压制片得到长效抗静电复合材料。
将实施例1-5所得长效抗静电复合材料和聚丙烯进行抗静电性能测试，其测试步骤如下：
(1)制作样片，将得到的复合物的样板裁成10cm×10cm的方块样板，把它放在测试位置上，将两电极压在样板上，接好电线；
(2)打开高阻计电源开关，接上短路电流后“调零”，将R.I倍率打到“满度”档后，断开短路电流后将指针调到最大量程位置，仪器调试完毕；
(3)开始测试样板，调节R.I倍率和测试电压，使得指针在转盘有大幅度的偏转，且保证指针最后停在有效的量程范围内即可，记下量表的数据，R.I倍率的大小，测试电压。
(4)其数据处理:ρv＝Rv×(Ae÷t)，
其中ρv为体积电阻率，Ωcm；
Rv为测试仪读数，Ω；
t为样板厚度，每个样用游标卡尺测3次算出平均值；
Ae＝π/4(g+d1)2(π为3.1416；g为测量电极与保护电极的距离，0.2cm)。
| ρ<sub>v</sub>(Ωcm) | 5年后ρ<sub>v</sub>(Ωcm) | |
| 聚丙烯 | 3.0×10<sup>16</sup> | 3.0×10<sup>16</sup> |
| 实施例1 | 2.6×10<sup>11</sup> | 2.9×10<sup>11</sup> |
| 实施例2 | 1.2×10<sup>11</sup> | 2.1×10<sup>11</sup> |
| 实施例3 | 9.2×10<sup>11</sup> | 10.6×10<sup>11</sup> |
| 实施例4 | 2.6×10<sup>11</sup> | 5.8×10<sup>11</sup> |
| 实施例5 | 1.1×10<sup>11</sup> | 8.9×10<sup>11</sup> |
由上表可知：本发明采用导电聚苯胺纳米棒配合聚丙烯，使体积电阻率从1016Ωcm下降到1011Ωcm，达到抗静电能力；且放置5年后，再次测试发现其体积电阻率仍保持在1011Ωcm数量级以内，完全满足长效抗静电材料的要求。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种长效抗静电复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，将导电聚苯胺纳米棒加入基础聚合物中混合均匀得到长效抗静电复合材料；
基础聚合物为聚丙烯；导电聚苯胺纳米棒与基础聚合物的质量比为0.1～10：90～99.9；
长效抗静电复合材料在0-5年内的体积电阻率为1011～1010Ωcm。
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| US5281363A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1994-01-25 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Polyaniline compositions having a surface/core dopant arrangement |
| CN101463163A (zh) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-06-24 | 四川大学 | 一种永久性抗静电聚丙烯材料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5281363A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1994-01-25 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Polyaniline compositions having a surface/core dopant arrangement |
| CN101463163A (zh) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-06-24 | 四川大学 | 一种永久性抗静电聚丙烯材料及其制备方法 |
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| Characterization of antioxidant low density polyethylene/polyaniline blends prepared via extrusion;Ashveen V. Nand等;《Materials Chemistry and Physics》;20121231;第135卷;903-911页 |
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