CN106009050A - 一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜,包括以下重量份组分:菠萝叶纤维、复合纤维素酶、纳米氧化镁粒子3.3‑3.5、柠檬酸、Nata气凝胶、普鲁兰多糖、超微壳聚糖、氧化聚乙烯蜡、马来酸酐、葛根淀粉、大蒜精油、硬脂酸、聚乙二醇、适量的去离子水。本发明采用Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖共混改性的普鲁兰多糖结合纳米化菠萝叶纤维素溶液以及其他成分经超声波辅助乳化剪切制备均相膜溶液制备菠萝纤维素膜,膜质地均匀,具有良好的三维网络结构和透气性,实现了菠萝纤维素以及普鲁兰多糖在包装膜材料领域的应用,制备的纤维素膜因采用纳米化菠萝纤维素溶液,具有良好的透气性以及空间结构性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及菠萝叶纤维包装膜技术领域,尤其涉及一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
以纤维素为原材料,制备性能各异的高分子膜材料在医学、生物和食品医药等领域发挥着重要的作用,已经成为当前研究的热点。我国每年产大量的菠萝,菠萝叶纤维具有抑菌、消臭等保健功效,利用菠萝叶纤维制备高分子膜材料具有巨大的发展前景。菠萝叶纤维结晶曲的纤维大分子排列整齐、有规律,且纤维分子的多羟基结构和强氢键作用使其洁净度和取向度较高,化学反应活性低,从而导致其应用受到限制。魏晓奕、杨琴等《南方农业学报》,2016,47(1):101-106《菠萝叶纤维素膜制备工艺优化》利用乳化剪切方式使菠萝叶纤维素溶解在离子液体中提高菠萝叶纤维的化学反应活性,实现纤维素膜的制备,具体做法是:先将菠萝叶纤维素烘干后用万能粉碎机粉碎成棉花状,分别碱处理和酸处理实现其纯化处理,然后在与离子液体一起置于乳化机中,进行剪切处理,获取制备膜用的纤维素离子液体均匀相溶液,之后将均匀相溶液铺在涂有聚四氟乙烯的载体上,经铸膜液(甘油、乙醇)等浸泡干燥成膜;该处理工艺提高了菠萝叶纤维素的化学反应活度,提高了膜溶液的均相,但操作起来使用了大量的酸处理剂以及碱处理剂,一定程度上增加了污染,增加了菠萝叶纤维素膜制备成本,同时制备的纤维素膜功能单一。纳米纤维素具有高结晶度、高强度、高比表面积、环境友好和成本低等优异性能,其分子结构中存在着大量的-OH,在与其他天然大分子共混时易形成分子间及分子内氢键,用于制作膜材料时,可使得共混材料的形成的膜结构更加稳定。微纳米气泡是指直径介于微米气泡(在水体中直径为10-50um的气泡)和纳米气泡(在水体中直径为小于200nm的气泡)之间的气泡,具有大的比表面积、能够在水体中停留时间长,并且微纳米气泡在收缩时,能够产生大量的羟基自由基,这些大量的羟基自由基能够一定程度上吸引菠萝叶纤维素中的氢键,起到等同酸化碱化破坏氢键相同的效果,对促进菠萝叶纤维的纳米化提高其化学反应活度具有一定的促进作用。普鲁兰多糖是无色无味无臭的高分子物质,具有可食性和生物可降解性,有良好的成膜性,制成的薄膜具有良好的阻气性和阻水性,但是普鲁兰多糖分子链上含有大量的亲水性基团,可以与其它纤维材料结合制备出的纤维膜,但是这些纤维膜遇水即溶,限制其在一些包装膜上的应用;
基于改性普鲁兰多糖和高化学反应活性的菠萝叶纤维结合的纤维膜对提高菠萝叶的综合利用以及丰富包装膜种类具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜,包括以下重量份组分:菠萝叶纤维135-140、复合纤维素酶6.5-7、纳米氧化镁粒子3.3-3.5、柠檬酸4.5-5、Nata气凝胶8-9、普鲁兰多糖21-22、超微壳聚糖12-13、氧化聚乙烯蜡5-6、马来酸酐3-4、葛根淀粉16-18、大蒜精油4-5、硬脂酸3-4、聚乙二醇2-3、适量的水、适量的去离子水。
一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将菠萝叶纤维烘干后用万能粉碎机中粉碎处理30min成棉花状,之后和柠檬酸以及总重量4倍的水混合搅拌均匀得浆料备用,将浆料加热至60℃,并持续加入复合纤维素酶混合搅拌酶解40min,100℃灭酶5min后,真空抽滤并水洗,得纯化菠萝叶纤维,将纯化菠萝叶纤维中加入纳米氧化镁粒子以及总重量10倍的去离子水,再经700bar的高压均质机械处理30min,1400W功率下强力超声处理50min,得均匀混合液,在采用间歇式蒸汽***法***处理该均匀混合液5次,每次10min,得纳米化菠萝叶纤维素溶液备用;
(2)、将超微壳聚糖、Nata气凝胶以及总重量2-3倍的去离子水混合高压均质处理20min,在100℃加热搅拌反应30min,然后喷雾干燥得超微壳聚糖接枝Nata气凝胶,将超微壳聚糖接枝Nata气凝胶、普鲁兰多糖以及总重量0.5倍的去离子水混合,在100℃加热搅拌反应20min,得Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖备用;
(3)、将纳米化菠萝叶纤维素溶液、Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖、氧化聚乙烯蜡、马来酸酐、葛根淀粉、大蒜精油、硬脂酸、聚乙二醇以及总重量4倍的去离子水混合后在100℃加热搅拌20min,然后放入带有强超声波的乳化机中进行超声波辅助乳化剪切处理40min,然后进行350W的微波处理5min,得均相膜溶液备用,其中超声波功率1000W,乳化剪切速率15000r/min;
(4)、将均相膜溶液用倒入模具中,再经过超声处理16-18min进行脱泡处理,然后在50-55℃下,湿度为55-60%的恒温箱中干燥3-4h,即得。
本发明的优点是:
本发明采用Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖共混改性的普鲁兰多糖结合纳米化菠萝叶纤维素溶液以及其他成分经超声波辅助乳化剪切制备均相膜溶液制备菠萝纤维素膜,膜质地均匀,具有良好的三维网络结构和透气性,实现了菠萝纤维素以及普鲁兰多糖在包装膜材料领域的应用,制备的纤维素膜因采用纳米化菠萝纤维素溶液,具有良好的透气性以及空间结构性,所采用的Nata气凝胶是以Nata为原料通过比尔冷冻干燥等技术制备的具有三维多孔结构以及良好韧性的气凝胶,Nata是以椰汁为原料,通过醋酸杆菌发酵而成的一种纤维素水凝胶,具有低热量,不含胆固醇,对人体具有明显的生理调节和保健功能,具有持水性强、耐酸、耐热,在高温条件下会溶解,具有良好的可加工性能,通过超微壳聚糖接枝Nata气凝胶对普鲁兰多糖的共混改性,降低了遇水溶解特性,提高了成膜能力以及抗拉伸能;加入的葛根淀粉、大蒜精油,能够提高成膜性能、增强其抗菌功效;针对菠萝叶纤维化学反应活度低的问题,依次采用了酶纯化、高活性的纳米氧化镁粒子辅助高压均质、强超声处理以及间歇式蒸汽***法***处理,实现了菠萝叶纤维的纯化以及纳米化,为制备高性能的菠萝叶纤维膜奠定了基础;针对膜溶液的均相问题,采用强超声处理配合乳化剪切的方式,强超声处理提高了膜溶液中微纳米气泡的含量,有助于促进各材料的溶解,提高膜材料溶液的均相。
具体实施方式
一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜,包括以下重量份组分:菠萝叶纤维135、复合纤维素酶6.5、纳米氧化镁粒子3.3、柠檬酸4.5、Nata气凝胶8、普鲁兰多糖21、超微壳聚糖12、氧化聚乙烯蜡5、马来酸酐3、葛根淀粉16、大蒜精油4、硬脂酸3、聚乙二醇2、适量的水、适量的去离子水。
一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将菠萝叶纤维烘干后用万能粉碎机中粉碎处理30min成棉花状,之后和柠檬酸以及总重量4倍的水混合搅拌均匀得浆料备用,将浆料加热至60℃,并持续加入复合纤维素酶混合搅拌酶解40min,100℃灭酶5min后,真空抽滤并水洗,得纯化菠萝叶纤维,将纯化菠萝叶纤维中加入纳米氧化镁粒子以及总重量10倍的去离子水,再经700bar的高压均质机械处理30min,1400W功率下强力超声处理50min,得均匀混合液,在采用间歇式蒸汽***法***处理该均匀混合液5次,每次10min,得纳米化菠萝叶纤维素溶液备用;
(2)、将超微壳聚糖、Nata气凝胶以及总重量2倍的去离子水混合高压均质处理20min,在100℃加热搅拌反应30min,然后喷雾干燥得超微壳聚糖接枝Nata气凝胶,将超微壳聚糖接枝Nata气凝胶、普鲁兰多糖以及总重量0.5倍的去离子水混合,在100℃加热搅拌反应20min,得Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖备用;
(3)、将纳米化菠萝叶纤维素溶液、Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖、氧化聚乙烯蜡、马来酸酐、葛根淀粉、大蒜精油、硬脂酸、聚乙二醇以及总重量4倍的去离子水混合后在100℃加热搅拌20min,然后放入带有强超声波的乳化机中进行超声波辅助乳化剪切处理40min,然后进行350W的微波处理5min,得均相膜溶液备用,其中超声波功率1000W,乳化剪切速率15000r/min;
(4)、将均相膜溶液用倒入模具中,再经过超声处理16min进行脱泡处理,然后在50℃下,湿度为55%的恒温箱中干燥3h,即得。
经测试,该包装膜冲击率为20.98kJ/m2,抗伸强度为30.15MPa,断裂伸长率44.2%,膜的氧气透过率达到为3.51×10-5cm3/(m2•d•Pa),土埋150d后,其生物降解率达95.4%,显示出优良的生物降解性。
Claims (2)
1.一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜,其特征在于,包括以下重量份组分:菠萝叶纤维135-140、复合纤维素酶6.5-7、纳米氧化镁粒子3.3-3.5、柠檬酸4.5-5、Nata气凝胶8-9、普鲁兰多糖21-22、超微壳聚糖12-13、氧化聚乙烯蜡5-6、马来酸酐3-4、葛根淀粉16-18、大蒜精油4-5、硬脂酸3-4、聚乙二醇2-3、适量的水、适量的去离子水。
2.一种Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖接枝菠萝纤维包装膜制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将菠萝叶纤维烘干后用万能粉碎机中粉碎处理30min成棉花状,之后和柠檬酸以及总重量4倍的水混合搅拌均匀得浆料备用,将浆料加热至60℃,并持续加入复合纤维素酶混合搅拌酶解40min,100℃灭酶5min后,真空抽滤并水洗,得纯化菠萝叶纤维,将纯化菠萝叶纤维中加入纳米氧化镁粒子以及总重量10倍的去离子水,再经700bar的高压均质机械处理30min,1400W功率下强力超声处理50min,得均匀混合液,在采用间歇式蒸汽***法***处理该均匀混合液5次,每次10min,得纳米化菠萝叶纤维素溶液备用;
(2)、将超微壳聚糖、Nata气凝胶以及总重量2-3倍的去离子水混合高压均质处理20min,在100℃加热搅拌反应30min,然后喷雾干燥得超微壳聚糖接枝Nata气凝胶,将超微壳聚糖接枝Nata气凝胶、普鲁兰多糖以及总重量0.5倍的去离子水混合,在100℃加热搅拌反应20min,得Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖备用;
(3)、将纳米化菠萝叶纤维素溶液、Nata气凝胶共混改性普鲁兰多糖、氧化聚乙烯蜡、马来酸酐、葛根淀粉、大蒜精油、硬脂酸、聚乙二醇以及总重量4倍的去离子水混合后在100℃加热搅拌20min,然后放入带有强超声波的乳化机中进行超声波辅助乳化剪切处理40min,然后进行350W的微波处理5min,得均相膜溶液备用,其中超声波功率1000W,乳化剪切速率15000r/min;
(4)、将均相膜溶液用倒入模具中,再经过超声处理16-18min进行脱泡处理,然后在50-55℃下,湿度为55-60%的恒温箱中干燥3-4h,即得。
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